Power amplification, storage and regeneration system and method using tide, wave and / or wind

Abstract

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including systems and methods that can be used to operate a water turbine in combination with a system that includes a plurality of tidal estuaries and flow channels created by human activities for power generation, and further includes a plurality of artificial dams in communication with at least some of the tidal estuaries and flow channels.

Description

[0001] Priority Claim

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 548,664, filed on February 1, 2024, entitled "POWER AMPLIFICATION, STORAGE AND REGENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD USING TIDES, WAVES AND / OR WIND", the entire specification of each provisional patent application being incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0004] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 63 / 423,193, 63 / 439,754, and 63 / 507,026, filed on November 7, 2022, and January 18, 2023, respectively, and entitled "POWER AMPLIFICATION, STORAGE AND REGENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD USING TIDES, WAVES AND / OR WIND"; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 63 / 432,245, 63 / 439,763, and 63 / 461,084, filed on December 13, 2022, January 18, 2023, and April 21, 2023, respectively, and entitled "IN-AND-OUT WAVE CAPTURE APPARATUS SYSTEM AND PROCESS"; and U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 496,524, filed on October 27, 2023, and claiming the priority of all of the above U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos.; International Application No. PCT / AU2016 / 050967, filed on October 14, 2016, and entitled "Turbine Power Storage and Regeneration", published as WO / 2017 / 066826, and U.S. Publication No. US / 2018 / 0298881; International Application No. PCT / AU2007 / 000772, filed on June 1, 2007, and entitled "Vane Pump for Pumping Hydraulic Fluid", published as WO / 2007 / 140514; International Application No. PCT / AU2006 / 000623, filed on May 12, 2006, and entitled "Improved Vane Pump", published as WO / 2006 / 119574; International Application No. PCT / AU2004 / 00951, filed on July 15, 2004, and entitled "A Hydraulic Machine", published as WO / 2005 / 005782; U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 13 / 510,643, filed on December 5, 2012, and entitled "Hydraulically Controlled Rotator Couple", and U.S. Publication No. 2013 / 0067899; International Application No. PCT / AU2020 / 050389, filed on April 22, 2020, and entitled "TIDAL POWER HARNESSING, STORAGE AND REGENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD", published as WO 2020 / 215118;and U.S. Application No. 17 / 860,842, titled "RIVER VENTURI POWER AMPLIFICATION, STORAGE AND REGENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD", filed on July 8, 2022, the entire specification of each of these patents is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.; TECHNICAL FIELD

[0005] This document generally relates to (but is not limited to) systems and techniques for generating electricity and regenerating electrical power by harnessing tidal, wave, and / or wind energy in various combinations. BACKGROUND ART

[0006] Current systems for generating electricity can include turbines to harness energy from flowing water and / or wind energy to convert it into electrical power. Rivers have been used for various tasks for centuries. Turbines, such as those used in buckets, are known. However, the water flow out of a dam varies depending on the height of the water behind the dam. If the height of the water behind the dam is low, the water flow out of the dam may be shut off for a long period. Existing wind turbines experience multiple periods when the wind conditions require them to be shut down. Similarly, tidal turbines and other systems that utilize waves are known but suffer from periodic calm periods or periodic gaps during which energy extraction drops or becomes impossible. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] In the drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, like numerals may describe like components in different views. Like numerals with different letter suffixes may represent different instances of like components. The drawings generally illustrate, by way of example and not limitation, the various embodiments discussed in this document.

[0008] Figure 1 is a highly schematic view of an artificially modified tidal estuary and a power generation system including one or more hydrodynamic turbines that can obtain electrical power from the water flow out of the estuary.

[0009] Figure 1A is a highly schematic view of several tidal estuary systems arranged in a staggered layout.

[0010] Figure 2 is a highly schematic view of another system of several tidal estuaries arranged in a parallel manner.

[0011] Figure 3A is a cross-sectional view of an example of the entrance area of the estuary and the filling of the estuary during high tide.

[0012] Figure 3BIs a cross-sectional view of the inlet area during low tide, where water that was retained within the estuary during high tide by a gate or bucket or other flow regulating object has entered the estuary.

[0013] Figure 3C Is a cross-sectional view of the inlet area during the emptying of water from the estuary and through a water turbine for power generation.

[0014] Figure 4 Is a highly schematic view of a system such as for a reservoir including a bucket that can be selectively raised and lowered into the reservoir to change the height of the water within the reservoir.

[0015] Figure 5 Is a schematic view of a bucket according to an embodiment, which bucket can include Figure 1 various components of the system.

[0016] Figures 6A to 6E Is a schematic view of various examples of devices contemplated herein that can be used as a water turbine or wave generator.

[0017] Figures 7A to 7B Is a perspective view of a further example of a device that can be used as a wave generator according to an embodiment.

[0018] Figure 8 Is a perspective view of a wave impinging on the wall of an obstacle and rebounding according to an embodiment.

[0019] Figures 9 to 10 Is a perspective view of a naturally formed tidal estuary according to an embodiment that can be modified by human activity for power generation.

[0020] Figure 11 Is a perspective view of a turbine according to an embodiment.

[0021] Figure 12 Is a system diagram of a turbine including a power distribution transmission coupling for regeneration according to an embodiment.

[0022] Figure 13 Is a perspective view of a variable power distribution transmission coupling according to an embodiment.

[0023] Figure 14 Is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary power distribution transmission coupling.

[0024] Figure 15A Shows a tidal estuary power generation, storage, and regeneration system according to an example of the present application.

[0025] Figure 15B Shows Figure 15A the system, which has a water flow capture device shown in cross-section.

[0026] Figure 15C is a plan view of the front end of a water flow capture device and also shows Figure 15A other components of the system.

[0027] Figure 15D is a top view of a water flow capture device showing a water diversion gate hinged to a first position and also shows Figure 15A some of the components of the system.

[0028] Figure 15E is a top view of a water flow capture device showing a water diversion gate hinged to a second position and also shows Figure 15A some of the components of the system.

[0029] Figure 15F is a top view of a water flow capture device showing a water diversion gate hinged to a third position and also shows Figure 15A some of the components of the system.

[0030] Figure 16A is a schematic diagram of a tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system similar to Figure 15A during a power storage (charging) operation mode.

[0031] Figure 16B is during a power storage (charging) operation mode Figure 16A a highly schematic illustration of the system.

[0032] Figure 16C is Figure 16A a schematic diagram of the system during a regeneration (discharging) operation mode.

[0033] Figure 16D is during a regeneration (discharging) operation mode Figure 16C a highly schematic illustration of the system.

[0034] Figure 17A is a perspective view of a tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system according to an example of the present application.

[0035] Figure 17B is Figure 17A a plan view of a tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system.

[0036] Figure 17C is Figure 17A a cross-sectional view of a tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system.

[0037] Figure 18 shows the operation of a tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system Figure 17A during high tide.

[0038] Figure 19 Shows the operation of capturing water for a tidal estuary power generation, storage, and regeneration system during low tide. Figure 17A

[0039] Figure 20 Shows the operation of releasing water for a tidal estuary power generation, storage, and regeneration system during low tide and / or neap tide. Figure 17A

[0040] Figure 21 Is a highly schematic view of a system of several tidal estuaries of a tidal estuary power generation, storage, and regeneration system having Figure 17A

[0041] Figure 22 Is a schematic illustration of the process of filling and emptying a reservoir with a bucket that can be selectively raised and lowered within the reservoir to change the height of the water within the reservoir.

[0042] Figure 23 Is a schematic illustration of another process of filling and emptying a reservoir with a bucket that can be selectively raised and lowered within the reservoir to change the height of the water within the reservoir.

[0043] Figure 24A Is a perspective view of a tidal estuary power generation, storage, and regeneration system according to an example of the present application.

[0044] Figure 24B Is Figure 24A A plan view of a tidal estuary power generation, storage, and regeneration system.

[0045] Figure 24C Is Figure 24A A cross-sectional view of a tidal estuary power generation, storage, and regeneration system.

[0046] Figure 25 Is a perspective view of a wave power generation system according to an example of the present application, the wave power generation system including a water wheel and other components and features.

[0047] Figure 26A Is according to an example of the present application having Figure 24A A tidal estuary power generation, storage, and regeneration system and Figure 25 A plan view of a system of several tidal estuaries of a wave power generation system.

[0048] Figure 26B Is Figure 26A A perspective view of the system.

[0049] Figure 27 Is a perspective view of a tidal power generation system that uses multiple artificial dams, and natural or partially artificial islands to create an estuary for a power generation, storage, and regeneration system, as discussed herein.

[0050] Figure 28 shows Figure 9 a naturally formed tidal estuary, which is now modified by human activities using multiple man-made dams according to the Figure 27 principles for power generation.

[0051] Figure 29 shows a system that includes multiple tidal estuaries and flow channels for power generation generated by human activities, and also includes multiple man-made dams connected to at least some of the tidal estuaries and flow channels.

[0052] Figure 30 is a plan view of a system that includes multiple tidal estuaries and flow channels for power generation generated by human activities, and also includes multiple man-made dams connected to at least some of the tidal estuaries and flow channels.

[0053] Figure 31 is Figure 30 a perspective view of the system of

[0054] Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of a system including multiple gates / gateways that can be used with any of the previously described systems, and one or more of the multiple gates can have a variable height that can be raised and lowered as needed to control the water flow. Detailed Description

[0055] This application relates to systems and techniques for turbine power storage and regeneration using tides, waves, and / or wind energy in various combinations. As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the term "turbine" can mean a wind turbine or a hydrodynamic turbine. The term "estuary" should not be limited to a river mouth or other naturally formed tidal sites. The term "estuary" can be all or part of an artificial site on a tidal shelf that receives tidal energy. The following detailed description includes examples intended to illustrate the subject matter disclosed herein and is in no way intended to be limiting. The features and steps described in connection with one or more examples can be combined with the subject matter of other examples and methods provided in this disclosure. The following examples are sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practice the various systems and techniques described in the following detailed description.

[0056] The present inventors have recognized that, among other things, particularly, the problems to be solved can include the inconsistencies of relying solely on green energy sources (such as relying solely on hydrokinetic, wind power, or other renewable energy sources (along with wind - the lack of such wind or high gusts may limit power generation opportunities)). The present inventors have also recognized that, among other things, particularly, tidal energy in estuaries can be utilized in various predictable ways. The inventors have proposed various methods that allow for the harvesting, storage, and reuse of combinations of tidal energy, wind energy, and / or wave energy in various ways. This allows for reliable and largely untapped energy sources to be used to complement each other (wind energy, wave energy, solar energy, etc.).

[0057] The present inventors have also recognized that tidal estuaries and tidal shelves provide potential untapped power generation sites. Large tides with a largely untapped kinetic energy occur in these areas. The present inventors have also recognized that estuaries (and particularly islands, water flow routes, and other features thereof) can be modified (and / or dams can actually be created) to facilitate turbine energy capture for power generation. For example, artificial dams and / or islands can create flow channels that can be prepared by modifying the estuary with heavy machinery, concrete, etc. Various other concepts include modifying the shelf leading to the estuary, thereby creating obstacles such as islands, gates, dams, etc. These tunnels can have different sections along the embankment and, if needed, can extend through obstacles (such as islands). Turbines (hydrokinetic turbines and wind turbines) can be placed at different locations along (and inside) the tunnels, embankments, and flow channels. Advantageously, the tunnel or flow channel can be configured in a venturi shape to efficiently concentrate the tidal flow (particularly the out - flow) to a higher speed when needed. The turbines (and indeed hydrokinetic turbines) and other devices disclosed herein can be combined with one or more power generation systems, which will be discussed in further detail in the remainder of this application. It should be noted that while power generation and / or regeneration systems are discussed as being used in conjunction with tidal, wave, and / or wind turbines, the examples contemplate using only one or two forms of this energy. Thus, in some cases, it is not necessary to supplement tidal power generation with wind power (and / or wave power). Similarly, if the wind conditions are optimal, it is not necessary to supplement wind power generation with tidal power (and / or wave power). The hydrokinetic and other regeneration systems discussed herein illustrate the systems, devices, and principles that can be used for, for example, tidal power generation and / or regeneration systems (such as river power generation). Thus, it is not the tidal flow that causes the blades of one or more turbines to rotate, but rather the water flow (such as a river) that causes the blades of one or more turbines to rotate. Other aspects and components of the power and other regeneration systems discussed herein can be maintained and utilized in conjunction with the power generation and / or regeneration systems discussed herein.

[0058] In some cases, the electricity generated by a turbine (whether water, wind, wave, or a combination of both) can be stored as energy in an accumulator and / or battery. In yet another embodiment, the energy can be used for hydrogen production, supplied to the power grid, and other purposes. The estuary and / or seabed (shelf) is modified to create a flow channel (by various terrain modification techniques discussed herein, optionally including dams, reservoirs, gates, etc.) that can concentrate the water flow, as discussed herein. Such modifications for creating the flow channel can include creating banks, islands, dams, etc., thereby creating a swirling channel shape (e.g., a constriction, a more open section followed by a second constriction). Additional concepts include using a position-adjustable flow control valve or other features (such as gates, reservoirs, etc.) that allow precise control of the water flow to bypass the turbine so that the water flow through the turbine has a desired velocity. In the case of a high tidal volume, the flow control valve, gate, spill piece, overflow piece can be opened to reduce the flow and slow down the flow velocity within the flow channel when reaching the turbine.

[0059] The inventors also recognize the use of an artificial Venturi device or a hydrodynamic turbine that can be placed within the artificial Venturi device. Such a Venturi device can be constructed of metal, plastic, concrete, or other suitable materials (such as pipes, etc.). The Venturi device allows tidal flow (especially tidal ebb flow) to enter the device, pass through there into the Venturi section, and exit the device. The flowing stream can rotate one or more turbines within the Venturi section.

[0060] Regarding gusts or rapid water current speeds that cause overspeed conditions, it will be understood that these can fluctuate in speed and volume. Similarly, tidal currents (referred to herein as currents) can fluctuate in speed and volume. The present inventors recognized the limitation / measurement of this energy. In addition, various storage methods and regenerative uses were considered. Generally, the techniques discussed herein attempt to minimize the power captured by a turbine rotor in situations where the rotor speed exceeds the rated speed (maximum rated power) of the generator within the turbine, such as for power generation. The subject matter can help provide a solution to this problem, for example, by including a power distribution transmission coupling, a flywheel, and other devices within the turbine system. The systems and methods disclosed herein can store energy for use during periods of lower turbine rotor speed, or capture and store it when the energy is too fast (exceeding the rated speed of the generator). During periods when the rotor speed is below the rated speed, the system can operate in a regenerative mode. For example, the turbine can include one or more motors or flywheels operably coupled to the generator. Previously stored energy can be applied to the motor or one or more flywheels to increase power generation during operation below the rated speed. The power distribution transmission coupling can be operably coupled to the turbine rotor via an input shaft and to the generator via an output shaft. The power distribution transmission coupling can be configured to transfer rotor torque to the output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio of the input shaft. The power distribution transmission coupling can transfer hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power, torque, or angular velocity. By transferring hydraulic fluid, the power transmitted to the generator can be adjusted, and accordingly the power generated by the generator can be adjusted. Electricity generated by the generator during off-peak hours or other situations can also be stored in a battery for later use.

[0061] A hydraulic fluid storage container (such as an accumulator) can be configured to store the transferred hydraulic fluid under pressure. The turbine system can include at least one hydraulic motor. The hydraulic motor can include a motor output that is configured to receive the hydraulic fluid stored in a pressurized manner and, in response, generate torque on the motor output. The generator can be operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output to generate electricity in response to the torque applied by the output shaft, the torque applied by the motor output, or at least one of the two.

[0062] In an example, a power split transmission coupling includes an input shaft coupled to a turbine rotor. The input shaft can rotate in response to rotor torque. An output shaft is capable of rotating at an output speed. The power split coupling can include a hub disposed between the input shaft and the output shaft, and a cam ring. Hydraulic fluid can be disposed between the cam ring and the hub. The hub can include a plurality of circumferentially spaced slots configured to receive a plurality of vanes therein. The vanes can be configured to be movable between, for example, a retracted position, a fully extended position, or any partial extended position therebetween. In the retracted position, the input shaft can rotate independently of the output shaft. In one or more extended positions, the plurality of vanes are configured to work the hydraulic fluid at an adjustable torque ratio and transfer torque from the input shaft to the output shaft. The power split transmission coupling includes an inlet port coupled in communication with a hydraulic fluid source. Hydraulic fluid can be conveyed from the hydraulic fluid source to the power split transmission coupling. The power split transmission coupling can include an outlet port having a closed configuration and at least a partially open configuration. In response to power applied to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power, hydraulic fluid can be released from the power split transmission coupling through the outlet port. The released hydraulic fluid can exit the power split transmission coupling and can be stored under pressure.

[0063] Tidal flow and / or wind conditions can be transient and / or inconsistent (in the case of wind), and in an example, the power split transmission coupling and / or flywheel can transfer a constant power to a generator during low tide and / or wind conditions by adjusting the volume of hydraulic fluid transferred from a power slit transmission coupling. For example, the power split transmission coupling can reduce the effect of tidal and / or wind fluctuations on the turbine system. The power split transmission coupling can operate at a high volumetric efficiency, thereby increasing power generation efficiency. In one example, it may be necessary to apply mechanical braking or turbine blade adjustment in order to prevent the generator from receiving more than the maximum rated power. By transferring hydraulic fluid from the power split transmission coupling, it is not necessary to apply mechanical braking or turbine blade feathering to prevent the generator from exceeding the maximum rated power.

[0064] In an example, the system can be operated in a power generation cycle and in a regeneration cycle. In the power generation cycle, the power distribution drive coupling can be adjusted (e.g., by a computer controller) to transfer substantially all torque from the turbine rotor to the generator by working the hydraulic fluid. In response, the generator can convert mechanical power into electrical power. The power distribution drive coupling can transfer hydraulic fluid at high pressure from the power distribution drive coupling in response to the electrical power generated by the generator exceeding a threshold power. Distributing the hydraulic fluid can maintain the electrical power generated by the generator at the threshold or below the threshold. The hydraulic fluid transferred from the power distribution drive coupling at high pressure can be stored in a storage container. In the regeneration cycle, the hydraulic fluid stored at high pressure can be introduced into a hydraulic motor in response to the power generated by the generator being below the threshold. The hydraulic motor can be configured to transfer mechanical power to the generator for power generation. Thus, the generator can operate at maximum power output or near maximum power output for a higher percentage of the life of the generator. For example, tidal flow and / or wind conditions may not be conducive to full power operation of the turbine during all operations. As a result of the regeneration mode, the turbine can operate in a manner closer to maximum operating power or maximum efficiency.

[0065] One of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the power applied to a generator is a function of the rotational speed of the generator rotor and the torque applied to the generator rotor, as well as the electrical load of the generator. Thus, one of ordinary skill will understand that examples herein that include terms of electrical power or mechanical power can include examples of corresponding rotational speed, power, or torque. For example, a system configured to operate below a threshold power can also include an equivalent example of the same system configured to operate below a threshold rotor speed corresponding to the threshold power value of a given system.

[0066] The present inventor contemplates that an estuary having various components is formed to capture water in a dammed manner and release it at low tide, near low tide, or after low tide. Additionally, it can be contemplated that when the tides are at their peak for a period of time, the estuary (or a reservoir attached to the estuary) can be in a flow - connected state, so that once the maximum height is reached in the first estuary, the flow can be further directed to a second estuary (or a reservoir connected to the estuary). The water flow can be metered to fill or empty the estuary. Thus, the flow from the estuary can drive a water turbine and a hydraulic pump to an energy storage unit as an energy source. Similarly, the water flow filling the estuary can be used to drive another water turbine. Optionally, when filled due to incoming tides, the energy storage unit raises a bucket of water. The bucket of water can be raised from a reservoir (or the estuary), and the reservoir or estuary can be filled to a capacity equivalent to the tidal power of the day. Water can be discharged from the bucket to increase the water height and power. When discharged at low tide for power generation, the empty bucket can be lowered back into the reservoir (or the estuary) for additional height and power increase. The incoming tides can be directed by a gated water turbine. Affected by the tidal power, the gate is opened, and the tide rushes into the estuary. Then the gate is closed to maintain a higher water level in the estuary when the tide recedes. Then, the gate can be opened sequentially or as needed. The system contemplates that the estuary can have one, two, or more outlets for the flow from the estuary. A smaller number of outlets is desirable. The tidal storage from the estuary can be released through these outlets (herein called flow channels). These outlets can be located on one side or flank of the estuary, such as on the side of an obstacle on the ocean - facing side forming the estuary. One or more Venturi systems can be used at the outlets to increase the flow rate. The contemplated system can also use the power generated due to wave action. This can include modifying the seabed, shaping the ocean facing the obstacle, and using other techniques to shorten and enhance the force of the waves hitting the obstacle. Another embodiment contemplates using a rotating water wheel that drives a water turbine, so that when the gate is opened for the incoming tidal turbine, as the wave power rushes through the flow channel past the obstacle, the water turbine drives a hydraulic pump for energy capture. When the gate is closed, the wave power still drives the water turbine to drive the hydraulic pump for power generation, hitting the closed gate and the wall of the obstacle. It can also be contemplated that a water - wheel - type device can be placed near the outlet from the estuary so that the gushing water drives the water wheel to again power the water turbine driving the hydraulic pump for energy capture. Additionally, in some cases, the water inlet through the obstacle can also be used for water outflow. Positioning the water - wheel device at or near the flow channel through the obstacle can then be used again during outflow, not just during inflow, because the gushing water reverses the water wheel to again power the reversed water turbine driving the hydraulic pump for energy capture.

[0067] Figure 1An artificially modified or man-made estuary 10 with a wall 12 is shown. The wall 12 forms a bank with an exemplary shape that converges along the flow channel 13 and amplifies the incoming tides going to the dam / reservoir 15A and / or the dam / reservoir 15B. The estuary 10 can be partially onshore, offshore, such as on a tidal shelf, adjacent to a shoreline (formed by a continent, island, reef, etc.), or another suitable location. Tidal shelves have been shown to raise tides to great heights around the world and would be a suitable location for the estuary 10. The shapes of the illustrated flow channel 13 and wall 12 are exemplary and are expected to be modified (other examples are provided). However, the wall 12 can be convex or otherwise gradually curved so as to narrow towards each other to restrict the flow channel 13, as shown according to one example. The shape can be different from the illustrated shape. According to some examples, multiple portions of the wall 12 can be modified by human activities or can remain unmodified by human activities. In fact, in some examples, the entire wall 12 can be created by human activities. Thus, the wall 12 can be formed of concrete, steel, wood, stone, brick, rock, piled sand, etc. In some cases, some or all of the wall 12 can remain unmodified by human activities. Thus, the flow channel 12 can be formed of natural materials (e.g., sand, rock, etc.), such as by the seabed or other man-made or artificially modified materials. In Figure 1 it, the wall 12 has a reduced cross-sectional area leading to the reservoirs 15A and 15B so as to better amplify the tidal flow. The modified estuary 10 includes a power generation system 14 in communication with a power generation system (such as a power grid, a battery station, an accumulator, a hydrogen production facility, etc.). The power generation system 14 can include one or more turbines 18 and optionally can include one or more wind turbines 18A, water turbines 18B (also referred to herein as hydrodynamic turbines), one or more power distribution couplings, one or more wave generators 18C (also referred to herein as water wheels), etc.

[0068] Figure 1depicts walls, dams, islands, gates, breakwaters, or other obstacles (referred to herein as obstacle 17 for simplicity), which are placed to span and form an entrance to an estuary 10. As further discussed herein, obstacle 17 can be artificial or artificially modified to have a particular desired shape. In some examples, obstacle 17 can be created by human activities. Thus, obstacle 17 can be formed of concrete, steel, wood, stone, brick, rock, piled sand, and the like. In some cases, some or all of obstacle 17 may not be modified by human activities. Obstacle 17 can be configured to form an outer wall for an ocean-facing estuary. Thus, in some embodiments, obstacle 17 can block the mouth of estuary 10 and can separate estuary 10 from the ocean. Since obstacle 17 is the outermost wall, obstacle 17 can be affected by ocean waves, storms, tides, and other forces, such that some portions of wall 12 may not be affected by them (e.g., obstacle 17 acts as a breakwater before seawater reaches at least some portions of wall 12). Wall 12 and obstacle 17 together form at least a part (in fact, most) of the enclosure of estuary 10. In some cases, only flow channel 20 (see subsequent description) can be provided between wall 12 and obstacle 17 as an outlet from estuary 10.

[0069] As Figure 1 shown, the shape of obstacle 17 in combination with the shape of wall 12 can form one or more outlets for water to flow to the sides of obstacle 17. Obstacle 17 can have a silver moon shape, which has a convex side facing estuary 10 and a concave side also facing the sea. However, other shapes of obstacle 17 can be envisioned. The outer side of obstacle 17 (referred to herein as outer wall 17A) can have a raised and vertical or nearly vertical face. Such outer wall 17A can be configured to create backwash flow (outflow or undertow), rebound flow, and rebound wave action, which can interact with and power wave generator 18C and / or water turbine 18B placed near wall 17A. One or more tunnels 19, examples of which include one or more flow channels or flow passageways, can be formed through, under, or past obstacle 17. For example, one or more tunnels 19 can be configured as flow channels to receive tidal inflow. These tunnels 19 can include water turbines 18B therein. Such water turbines 18B can have venturi tubes as discussed herein. In addition, each (or only some) tunnel can include a gate 19A capable of covering the corresponding tunnel 19 to limit or block the flow to or through the gate.

[0070] Figure 1Shows an estuary 10 filled with water after a tidal inflow, and a tidal inflow blocked by a gate 19A on an obstacle 17. As indicated by the arrows, the captured tidal water has started to flow out along the flow channel 20 between the obstacle 17 and the wall 12, and through the gate 19A (which has been opened), and around / past the water turbines 18B placed in these outflow areas (i.e., in or near the channel 20). The channel 20 can be positioned on the lateral side of the obstacle 17, which is designed to limit the tidal outflow from the estuary 10, and thereby increase the speed of the outflow passing through the water turbines 18B.

[0071] As Figure 1 shown, the modified wall 12 and the obstacle 17 can position the water turbines 18B in areas with relatively high-speed inlet or outlet flows. The channel 20 can be shaped to collect and amplify the tidal estuary flow going to the water turbines 18B. The inlet formed by the tunnel 19 can also act as a bypass channel for the tidal outflow from the estuary 10 if necessary. The gate 19A can act as a flow control device and can be position-adjustable to selectively open, partially open, and fully close to control the volume (and thus the speed) entering and leaving the estuary 10 (and thus to the water turbines 18B). The partially opened gate 19A can meter the flow to the water turbines 18B in a controlled manner. The opening of the gate 19A can be sequenced as needed. The shown parts, dimensions, and shapes of the tunnel 19 and the channel 20 are only exemplary, and other parts can be envisioned. The tunnel 19 and the channel 20 can be artificial (e.g., formed of metal, concrete, or another material not inherent to the site, such as as part of a dam or other structure), or can be shaped by using natural materials inherent to the site, such as rock, sand, seabed dredging, etc.

[0072] It should be noted that multiple parts of the flow channel 13 and / or the channel 20 can be formed from the bottom of the estuary 10 and along the bottom of the estuary using pipes, tunnels, or other materials, rather than being formed by the wall 12 or the obstacle 17 in some cases. Thus, various aspects of the flow channel 13 and / or the channel 20 may be submerged (or not covered after low tide and outflow, but then submerged as the estuary 10 fills). Similarly, the described channel 20 and tunnel 19 can be formed as part of a dam or other structure and in some embodiments do not need to be formed or partially formed by the obstacle 17 and the wall 12.

[0073] According Figure 1In an example, the flow channel 13 and / or the channel 20 may be shaped to have at least one section configured as a Venturi tube. Alternatively or additionally, the water turbine 18B may be shaped to form a Venturi tube. This shape of the channel 20 and / or the tunnel 19 may facilitate a stable and reliable high-efficiency tidal estuary flow, and this shape may delay the tidal estuary flow such that it occurs more slowly than would occur in a natural environment or with a non-Venturi-shaped passage (the time delay being more than several hours, several minutes, etc.). The water turbine 18B may be located within the channel 20 or in close proximity thereto (within several hundred meters of the inlet / outlet). It is contemplated that, where practical, the water turbine 18B may be located anywhere within the confines of the channel 20 and may be any number. However, if possible, it may be advantageous to place at least one of the one or more water turbines 18B at the most constricted point within the channel 20 where the tidal estuary flow will have its maximum velocity (such as at, within, or downstream of the Venturi tube). Additional water turbines 18B may be placed in other portions within or near the flow channel 20, such as at the outlet, inlet (within the estuary 10 within the flow channel 13), or other portions along the flow channel 20.

[0074] The location of the wind turbine 18A within the estuary 10 is merely exemplary, and other locations may also be considered or contemplated, such as along the wall 12, the outer side of the wall 12, etc.

[0075] During tidal filling, the inlet (tunnel 19) is opened (gate 19A is opened) to receive the inflow. The flow channel 13 is configured to collect the incoming tide into the reservoir 14A and / or 14B. Eventually, at high tide, the gates leading to the reservoirs 14A and 14B are closed. The flow channel 13 will be filled. Once the tidal inflow subsides, the gate 19A at the tunnel 19 is closed. Then, the tidal water is captured at the maximum height within the estuary 10, as defined between the wall 12 and the obstacle 17. Power generation / storage using the power generation system 14 with the wave, water, and wind turbines 18C, 18B, and 18A may occur during the inflow into the estuary 10. Power generation / storage using the power generation system 14c with the wave, water, and wind turbines 18C, 18B, and 18A also occurs during the controlled tidal outflow. In particular, as Figure 1 shown, the gate 19A near and / or within the channel 20 may be (partially or fully) opened. As shown, this may allow water to pass along the channel 20 past the water turbine 18B. The gate 19A within the channel 20 may be a dam or other structure and need not be limited to a gate. In fact, the channel 20 may be formed by other features of a tunnel or a dam, and the water turbine 18B may be placed within the dam, such as within a tunnel (see this in Figure 5(as in the example in). Optionally, the gate 19A located at or near the tunnel 19 at the obstacle 17 can also be opened (partially or fully) to facilitate the outflow (through the water turbine 18B). Once the tidal level in the estuary 10 has sufficiently dropped, the water from the reservoirs 14A and 14B can be captured by the overflow water from these reservoirs to replenish the tidal water in the flow channel 13. If necessary, the reservoirs 14A and 14B can also be emptied back into the ocean instead of back into the estuary 10.

[0076] It should be understood that the dimensions (e.g., volume and diameter) of the flow channels 13, 19, and 20 are Figure 1 only exemplary in. Careful study should be carried out to appropriately determine the dimensions of the channels (e.g., provide an appropriate cross-sectional area and volume) relative to the characteristics of the tidal flow (velocity, volumetric flow rate, mass flow rate) such that the inertia of the water traveling through the channels 13, 19, 20 can be maintained or not significantly reduced before traveling to the turbine.

[0077] It should be noted that once filled, the estuary 10 can be emptied at any desired time. Thus, reliance on the periodic tides (whose time of day changes over time) can be avoided. Thus, for example, at times when the required peak power can be met (e.g., during breakfast time and dinner time), the estuary 10 can be emptied for power generation by the power generation system 14.

[0078] For example, one or more turbines 18 can be constructed in the manner described in subsequent figures or in a manner known in the art. As is known in the art, one or more turbines 18 can include blades for capturing the water load. Similarly, the power generation system 14 can be constructed in the manner described in subsequent figures and can include a hydraulic power generation system, as will be discussed in further detail subsequently. In some cases, the power generation system 14 can include other power sources, including hydraulic power generation in parallel or series with the water turbine 18B. This can include wind turbines 18A, wave generators 18C, and other power sources. However, such supplementary power sources are not necessary and are optional.

[0079] Figure 1A A system 22 including a series of estuaries 10 described previously is shown. For example, these can be constructed in a staggered relationship, as shown. In Figure 1A (or Figure 2 ) The staggering shown in can also change the timing of the tidal inflow into each estuary and the tidal outflow from each estuary in a desired manner for power generation purposes.

[0080] Figure 2 A system 24 having parallel estuaries 10A, 10B, and 10C is shown. The estuary 10A can be similar toFigure 1A Examples, but estuaries 10B and 10C can be modified to minimize the number of walls 12 between each estuary 10. Some estuaries 10B and 10C can have a modified shape relative to estuary 10A (as Figure 1 described). This can result in larger and / or modified flow channels 13B and 13C for estuaries 10B and 10C, and can also result in modification of the shape and size of obstacles 17B and 17C relative to obstacle 17A (and also in Figure 1 described). For example, obstacles 17B and 17C can form only a single channel 20B and 20C from estuaries 10B and 10C. Figure 1A and Figure 2 Examples can include all components of the power generation system 14 and other features previously discussed in Figure 1 .

[0081] Figures 3A to 3C shows a schematic cross-section of multiple portions of estuary 10 during filling and overspill, i.e., overflow, as previously described. It should be recognized that reservoirs 14A and 14B can be controlled in a manner similar to flow channel 13 ( Figure 1 ) to allow power generation. Figures 3A to 3C also shows the structure of the bottom 26 of estuary 10, and the conical bottom 26A area around and leading into estuary 10 (such as below or through obstacle 17) can be altered by human activities. The inventors envision that a false bottom 26B (which can include conical bottom 26A) can be created in certain areas (such as in and near estuary 10). The false bottom 26B can simply be the minimum water height of estuary 10, which can be maintained for marine life to live in estuary 10 or safely leave (or enter) estuary 10 via holes 28. The false bottom 26B can also be a feature formed by human activities, such as tunnels, diaphragms, cavities / caves, or other features or components.

[0082] Figure 3A shows that estuary 10 can be completely filled during high tide. As previously described, a water turbine 18B at the entrance of obstacle 17 (such as tunnel 19) can be used to generate electricity. Figure 3B depicts low tide, where the tidal water in estuary 10 is held at high tide level or near high tide level (elevated relative to the low tide of the ocean) by gate 19A for power generation as described herein at any desired time. Figure 3C depicts that during low tide (or at another time such as between high and low tides), water from estuary 10 can be released by opening gate 19A for power generation via water turbine 18B. The outflow from estuary 10 can be delayed as needed (e.g., for hours, minutes, days).

[0083] Figure 4 depicts system 30, which can be used with any one of the previously described reservoirs 14A, 14B ( Figure 1 ), or can actually be used with the flow channel 13 ( Figure 1 ) itself. System 30 includes a bucket 32 and a tank 34 (e.g., reservoirs 14A, 14B, flow channel 13 or other features). The bucket 32 can be filled while the incoming water fills the tank 34 simultaneously. When the water level in the tank 34 drops, the bucket 32 can be lowered into the tank 34 so as to increase the height of the water in the tank 34 by displacement. Once the water in the bucket 32 has been emptied, the empty bucket 32 can be used again to raise the water in the tank 34 (again via displacement).

[0084] Figure 5 depicts a dam 36 that can be used as part of the obstacle 17 ( Figure 1 ) or as an additional feature of the estuary 10 (such as an additional feature in or forming the channel 20 for the outflow from the estuary 10 past the water turbine 18B - also see Figure 1 ). The dam 36 can include one or more gates 19A ( Figure 1 ), and once the estuary 10 behind the dam 36 is filled as needed, the gates 19A can be selectively closed to store energy for use when needed.

[0085] Figures 6A to 6E shows an example of a wave generator 18C that is intended to be used with the present system, method, and technology. It should be noted that, as Figure 1 described, placing the wave generator 18C close to the obstacle 17 can be particularly effective because the deflected wave action returning from the obstacle 17 can generate additional wave energy that can be captured. However, the location of the wave generator 18C in Figure 1 is only exemplary and can be located at any desired location (e.g., not necessarily close to the obstacle 17). Specifically, Figure 6A shows an example of an open - ocean tidal turbine 38, which can be positioned in a location where wave action (e.g., backwash) may result in additional power generation. Figure 6B shows an example of a dual - turbine 40 device. This can also be positioned in a location where wave action (e.g., backwash) may result in additional power generation.

[0086] Figure 6CShows a waterwheel device 42. The device 42 can be constructed in a manner similar to the device described in the applicant's US application No. 17 / 860,842 titled "RIVER VENTURIPOWER AMPLIFICATION, STORAGE AND REGENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD", which was previously incorporated by reference, but may include a waterwheel 44. The operation of the device 42 will be subsequently discussed with reference to Figures 15A to 15F : The device 42 can be used as a water turbine 18B and / or a wave generator 18C.

[0087] Figure 6D Shows a serpentine wave power device 46 that uses a hydraulic pump at the connection to circulate fluid and generate electricity. Figure 6E Shows a floating device 48 that uses wave motion to drive a subsea pump that circulates fluid to an onshore device.

[0088] Figure 7A And Figure 7B Shows a wave generator 18C that can be disposed along the wall 12 ( Figure 1 ) or along the obstacle 17 ( Figure 7A ), such as along its wall 17A). These generators 18C can include floating members 50 that can be raised and lowered by wave action. For example, such motion can circulate hydraulic fluid and can be used to rotate a generator.

[0089] Figure 8 Shows an example of the wave impact and rebound action leaving the obstacle 17 (especially the wall 17A), which can be harvested by a wave generator 18C placed near the obstacle 17 (or actually a land-based device or land-anchored device as shown in Figure 7A And Figure 7B ).

[0090] Figure 9 And Figure 10 Shows examples of naturally formed tidal estuaries 10A and 10B, which can be formed or modified at least in part using human activities using the techniques discussed herein, including using the power generation systems discussed herein. In the Figure 9 And Figure 10 images, the tides are shown rushing. It is envisioned that multiple estuaries can be created in series with each other in the manner shown in Figure 9 And Figure 10 .

[0091] Figure 11FIG. 0 shows a perspective view of an exemplary turbine 100, which may be a hydrodynamic turbine or a wind turbine. Turbine 100 (or variants thereof known in the art or discussed herein) may be used with Figures 1 to 10 the systems and devices in the various figures described hereinafter. Thus, turbine 100 is merely an example of one possible turbine that may be used with the devices and systems discussed herein.

[0092] In Figure 11 , turbine 100 may include a turbine rotor 102 and at least one turbine blade 104. Turbine blade 104 may be rotatably coupled to turbine rotor 102. For example, turbine blade 104 may include an airfoil shape, and the pitch of the airfoil relative to the tidal estuary flow may be adjustable. Turbine rotor 102 may be mounted to nacelle 106, for example, by bearings 110. Tower 108 may support nacelle 106 at a location sufficiently above ground level in a tidal estuary to provide clearance for rotation of turbine blades 104. Nacelle 106 may house and in some examples also support gearbox 112, power distribution drive coupling 114, generator 116, and at least one hydraulic motor 118. Turbine blade 104 may generate torque in response to a tidal estuary load and transmit the torque to turbine rotor 102. Turbine rotor 102 may transmit the torque generated by turbine blade 104 to generator 116. Generator 116 may generate electricity in response to torque being applied to generator rotor 120, causing the generator rotor to rotate within the stator of generator 116. Turbine rotor 102 may be coupled to generator 116 by one or more linkages or coupling devices (rotating shafts). Gearbox 112 and power distribution drive coupling 114 may be operably coupled to one or more linkages or coupling devices between turbine rotor 102 and generator 116. For example, turbine rotor may include a turbine rotor shaft. Gearbox 112 may include an output coupling and an input coupling attached to the turbine rotor shaft. Gearbox 112 may include one or more sprockets and gears arranged to rotate the output coupling at a speed corresponding to the speed ratio of the input coupling (i.e., the turbine rotor shaft). In other words, gearbox 112 may cause the output coupling to rotate at a speed faster than, slower than, or equal to the speed of the turbine rotor shaft. One or more linkages or coupling devices may also include input shaft 122 of power distribution drive coupling 114 (as Figure 13 and Figure 14(shown and described herein). The power distribution drive coupling 114 can transfer hydraulic fluid to a storage container at high pressure. The hydraulic fluid stored at high pressure can be used for auxiliary power purposes, including but not limited to supplying high-pressure hydraulic fluid to a hydraulic motor 118 for power generation or regeneration, pumping fluid, supplying cooling fluid to components of the turbine 100, and so on.

[0093] The hydraulic motor 118 can also be coupled to the generator rotor 120 to provide increased torque and power to the generator 116. In Figure 11 an example, the turbine 100 includes three hydraulic motors 118, and one of the hydraulic motors 118 is capable of operating at a variable displacement. In one example, multiple hydraulic motors 118 can be more efficient than a single larger hydraulic motor 118. For example, in the case where the maximum power output of the hydraulic motor 118 can exceed the maximum power of the generator 116, the hydraulic motor 118 can be de-stroked to operate below maximum capacity. Some hydraulic motors 118 operate less efficiently when de-stroked. The greater the degree of de-stroking, the lower the efficiency at which the hydraulic motor 118 can operate. In an example, the hydraulic motor 118 can include a design similar to the power distribution drive coupling 114 (as shown in FIGS. 3 and Figure 4 (shown and described herein). Instead of transferring hydraulic fluid to reduce the torque transmitted to the generator 116, the hydraulic motor 118 can generate torque on the generator rotor 120 in response to applying high-pressure hydraulic fluid to the hub and vanes of the hydraulic motor 118.

[0094] Figure 12 FIG. depicts a system diagram according to an example of the turbine 100. The turbine 100 can include a turbine rotor 102, turbine blades 104, a gearbox 112, a power distribution drive coupling 114, a generator 116, and multiple hydraulic motors, as previously described herein. Figure 2Examples also include a hydraulic storage container 202, a hydraulic fluid reservoir 204, and a cooling circuit 206. In the case where the mechanical power of the turbine rotor 102 exceeds the maximum power of the generator 116, the power distribution drive coupling 114 can draw hydraulic fluid from the reservoir 204 into the power distribution drive coupling 114 and transfer the hydraulic fluid under high pressure to the hydraulic storage container 202. The power distribution drive coupling 114 can include an inlet port and an outlet port (as shown in and described herein with reference to FIG. 3). The inlet port can be coupled to the reservoir 204 to communicate the hydraulic fluid from the reservoir 204 to the power distribution drive coupling 114. A hydraulic storage conduit 208 can couple the power distribution drive coupling 114 to the hydraulic storage container 202. The high-pressure hydraulic fluid can be stored in the storage container 202 under high pressure. For example, the high-pressure hydraulic fluid can be a hydraulic fluid at a pressure including but not limited to 20 bar, 100 bar, 300 bar, 500 bar, or other pressures. The hydraulic storage conduit 208 can include at least one shut-off valve 210 that is positioned along the hydraulic storage conduit between the power distribution drive coupling 114 and the hydraulic storage container 202. Where the shut-off valve 210 is in the closed position, the communication of hydraulic fluid from the power distribution drive coupling 114 and the hydraulic storage container can be interrupted or stopped. Closing the shut-off valve can prevent the reverse flow of hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic storage container 202 to the power distribution drive coupling 114.

[0095] In an example, the turbine system 100 includes at least one hydraulic regeneration conduit 214 that is coupled between the hydraulic storage container 202 and at least one hydraulic motor 118. For example, as Figure 12 shown, the hydraulic regeneration conduit 214 can be connected to the hydraulic storage conduit 208 between the hydraulic storage container 202 and the shut-off valve 210. In the regeneration mode, the turbine 100 can direct hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic storage container 202 to one or more hydraulic motors 118 through the hydraulic regeneration conduit 214. The hydraulic regeneration conduit 214 can include one or more regeneration valves 212. In the open position, the high-pressure hydraulic fluid can flow from the hydraulic storage container through the regeneration valve 212 to at least one hydraulic motor 118. In response to the high-pressure hydraulic fluid passing through the hydraulic motor 118, torque can be provided to the generator rotor 120.

[0096] In an example, the hydraulic fluid may include, but is not limited to, water, a water-glycol mixture, hydraulic oil, etc. The power split transmission device is capable of using water as a fluid medium for operation to transfer torque from an input shaft to an output shaft, thereby saving cost compared to more expensive fluids. Couplings, fittings, hoses, conduits, etc. may leak hydraulic fluid during normal operation. Using water as the hydraulic fluid can result in an environmentally friendly solution. In an example, glycol (either "glycol" or "ethylene glycol") may be added to water to form a water-glycol mixture. For example, a water-glycol mixture may include a lower freezing point and a higher boiling point than pure water.

[0097] In Figure 12 the example of, the reservoir 204 may include a fluid storage tank for holding the hydraulic fluid at a low pressure (such as atmospheric pressure). In an example, the reservoir 204 may include a large body of water, such as an ocean, a lake, a tidal estuary, a storage tank, a tank, etc. For example, the large body of water may include a naturally formed body of water. The reservoir may provide the hydraulic fluid for cooling various components of the turbine 100 or for storing the hydraulic fluid at a high pressure generated by the power split transmission coupling 114. In an example, in the case where the hydraulic fluid from the reservoir 204 is not stored at a high pressure, the hydraulic fluid may return to the reservoir 204. For example, in the case where the hydraulic fluid is circulated in a cooling loop (described separately below), the hydraulic fluid may return to the reservoir 204.

[0098] The hydraulic storage container 202 may be configured to store high-pressure hydraulic fluid for an extended period of time. For example, the hydraulic storage container 202 may accommodate a pressure of up to 350 bar for hours, days, weeks, or months. In Figure 2 the example of, the hydraulic storage container 202 is a hydraulic accumulator. The accumulator may be filled with a gas or a liquid, such as nitrogen or liquid nitrogen, to increase the storage pressure of the accumulator. In an example, the stored hydraulic fluid may provide a power of up to 1 megawatt or more.

[0099] The cooling loop 206 may circulate the hydraulic fluid (e.g., from the reservoir 204) in a conduit. In Figure 12In the example shown, the hydraulic fluid transferred from the power split drive coupling 114 can be circulated through the cooling circuit 206. The cooling circuit 206 can transfer heat away from turbine components, which include but are not limited to the gearbox 112, the power split drive coupling 114, the generator 116, and the like. For example, the cooling circuit 206 can include one or more heat exchangers to transfer heat away from the turbine components. In an example, water can be the hydraulic fluid used as a cooling source for the turbine powertrain. In an example, the hydraulic fluid exiting the hydraulic motor 118 can be circulated through the cooling circuit 206 before returning to the reservoir 204. Optionally, water can be combined with a flame retardant (e.g., a foaming agent) to reduce the flammability of the hydraulic fluid. In an example, the hydraulic fluid can be a water-glycol mixture with good flame retardant properties. The hydraulic fluid can mitigate the risk of damage to the generator 116 and fire, and thus the generator 116 can be operated at its rated power. In an example, the hydraulic fluid (e.g., water-glycol) can be used to extinguish a developing fire. For example, the cooling circuit 206 can include a fire extinguishing nozzle that releases the hydraulic fluid to extinguish the fire.

[0100] Figure 13 A perspective view of an example of a power split drive coupling 114 (sometimes referred to herein simply as a power split coupling, a hydraulic coupling, or simply a coupling) is shown. As previously described, the power split drive coupling 114 can include an input shaft 302 and an output shaft 304. Additionally, in accordance with some examples, a through-shaft arrangement is also contemplated. The torque applied to the output shaft 304 can be adjusted according to an adjustable torque ratio of the input shaft 302. In an example, the torque of the output shaft 304 can be reduced according to the adjustable torque ratio of the power split drive coupling 114. Shifting hydraulic fluid through the outlet port 306 of the power split drive coupling 114 can reduce the adjustable torque ratio (i.e., reduce the amount of torque on the output shaft 304 relative to the torque of the input shaft 302). The hub (in Figure 14(shown and described herein) may be fixedly attached to the input shaft 302. The hub may rotate within the cam ring 308. In an example, the cam ring 308 may be fixedly attached to the output shaft 304. The power distribution transmission coupling 114 may have a direct drive mode and a power distribution mode. In the direct drive mode, the hub and the cam ring rotate at a substantially fixed 1:1 ratio (i.e., the output torque is substantially equal to the input torque). In the power distribution mode, the power distribution transmission coupling 114 may mitigate excessive power or shock applied to the generator. For example, the adjustable torque ratio of the power distribution transmission coupling 114 may be adjusted such that the torque of the output shaft 304 is constant, where the torque applied to the input shaft 302 may vary. In an example, the power distribution transmission coupling 114 may include a housing. The cam ring 308 and the hub 402 may be disposed within the housing. Hydraulic fluid may be included in the cavity between the housing and the cam ring 308, the input shaft 302, the output shaft 304, or other components for lubrication or coolant.

[0101] Figure 14 is an example of a cross-sectional view of the power distribution transmission coupling 114 that is positioned perpendicular to the input shaft 302 and centered within the hub 402. The cam ring 308 includes an inlet port 404, an outlet port 306, and a cam ring surface 408. The cam ring surface 408 may be an elliptical shape. The inlet port 404 may extend from the exterior of the cam ring 308 and divide into at least two conduits, in Figure 14 the example shown, each conduit extending to an opposite quadrant of the cam ring surface 408. The outlet port 306 may extend from an exterior portion of the cam ring 308 and divide into at least two conduits, each conduit extending to an opposite quadrant of the cam ring surface 408 and adjacent to the inlet port quadrant. The inlet port 404 and the outlet port 306 may terminate at the cam ring surface 408, forming one or more holes in the cam ring surface 408. In Figure 14 the example, the elliptical shape of the cam ring 308 may be symmetric. The symmetry of the cam ring 308 may balance the forces applied to the bearings of the power distribution transmission coupling 114. For example, the bearings supporting the input shaft 302 and the output shaft. The balanced forces may extend the life of the power distribution transmission coupling 114 due to reduced mechanical stress and fatigue.

[0102] The hub 402 may be located at the central axis of the cam ring surface 408. As Figure 14As shown, the hub 402 may include a circular shape sized to fit within the oval shape of the cam ring surface 408. For example, the hub 402 may be sized by a clearance fit (such as a precision running fit) with the cam ring surface 408 to allow the hub 402 to rotate within the cam ring 308 with minimal clearance. The hub 402 may include a plurality of circumferentially spaced slots 410 extending radially outward from the central axis of the hub 402. The size and shape of each slot 410 may be designed to support a vane 406 therein. The inner portion of the slot 410 may include a signal passage in communication with high-pressure fluid.

[0103] As Figure 14 shown in the example, the vane 406 may be located within the slot 410. In response to high-pressure fluid being applied to the base 414 of the vane 406 through the signal passage, the vane may extend radially outward from the central axis of the hub 402. In the example, the high-pressure fluid may be high-pressure hydraulic fluid. The tip 412 of the vane 406 may contact the cam ring surface 408 in the fully extended position. Each vane 406 may extend and retract throughout the rotation cycle of the hub 402. For example, the tip 412 may be substantially flush with the outer surface of the hub 402 in a first orientation of the hub 402 and then shift to a partially extended or fully extended position as the hub 402 rotates from the start of the first quadrant to the start of the second quadrant. In the retracted position, the input shaft 302 may rotate independently of the output shaft 304.

[0104] In the example, the tip 412 may include a roller bearing (referred to herein as a roller vane). The roller vane may reduce the friction between the vane 406 and the cam ring surface 408 and may be used in large-scale power distribution drive couplings 114 (e.g., 200 kilowatts or greater). In cases where the hydraulic fluid includes an environmentally friendly or non-flammable fluid (such as water glycol), the roller vane may be used to reduce the friction between the vane 406 and the cam ring 308. The vane 406 may also include a coating to reduce friction, increase corrosion resistance, or reduce wear. For example, the vane 406 may include a diamond carbon coating or a diamond powder coating to improve the corrosion resistance of the vane 406. The coating may be selected from a variety of coatings to reduce friction in cases where a particular hydraulic fluid is used in the power distribution drive coupling 114. In cases where water glycol is used in the power distribution drive coupling 114, the diamond dust coating may reduce corrosion.

[0105] As previously stated, the power split drive coupling 114 can include a direct drive mode and a power split mode. In the direct drive mode, the input shaft 302 and the output shaft 304 can include an adjustable torque ratio of 1:1. For example, the input shaft 302 and the output shaft 304 can rotate together (i.e., at the same angular velocity). The hydraulic fluid between the hub 402 and the cam ring 308 can be pressurized by the power split drive coupling 114. For example, where the vanes 406 extend, pressure can be applied to the hydraulic fluid through the vanes 406. Torque is transferred from the hub 402 to the cam ring 308 through the pressurized hydraulic fluid on the cam ring 308. The outlet port 304 can be closed (i.e., deadheading). In the case where the hydraulic fluid is trapped within the power split drive coupling 114, substantially all of the torque from the hub 402 can be transferred to the cam ring 308. The torque applied to the generator 116 can be substantially equal to the torque of the input shaft 302. The power split drive coupling 114 can be operated in the direct drive mode where the power applied to the input shaft 302 is below the rated power of the generator 116 (e.g., at low turbine rotor speeds). The efficiency of the turbine 100 can be maximized by operating the power split drive coupling 114 in the direct drive mode where the turbine rotor power is below the rated power of the generator 116 (e.g., when the tidal estuary and / or wind speed is low).

[0106] In the power split mode, the outlet port 306 can be opened or partially opened. The hydraulic fluid can leave the power split drive coupling 114 through the outlet port 306. The pressure of the hydraulic fluid between the hub 402 and the cam ring 308 can be reduced due to the departing (transferred) hydraulic fluid. Accordingly, less than substantially all of the input shaft 302 torque can be transferred to the output shaft 304. In an example, when the hub 402 rotates within the cam ring 308, the volume between the vanes 406 in the inlet quadrant of the cam ring 308 increases. When the hub 402 rotates within the cam ring 308, the volume between the vanes 406 in the outlet quadrant of the cam ring 308 decreases. The increased volume in the inlet quadrant draws the hydraulic fluid into the power split drive coupling 114. For example, the increased volume can create a negative pressure that draws the hydraulic fluid into the power split drive coupling 114. The decreased volume in the outlet quadrant can increase the pressure of the hydraulic fluid, for example, by compressing the hydraulic fluid. In response to the power transferred from the input shaft 302 to the output shaft 304 exceeding a threshold level (e.g., maximum rated generator power), a portion of the hydraulic fluid in the outlet quadrant can be transferred through the outlet port 306. The transferred hydraulic fluid can be stored under pressure (e.g., the pressure at which the hydraulic fluid leaves the power split drive coupling 114) and stored in the storage container 202. In other words, the hydraulic fluid leaving the power split drive coupling 114 can be high-pressure hydraulic fluid.

[0107] The adjustable torque ratio of the power distribution transmission coupling 114 can be adjusted to provide desired output shaft conditions, including but not limited to output shaft torque, power, rotational speed, etc. The difference between the torque of the input shaft 302 and the torque of the output shaft 304 is proportional to the volume of high-pressure hydraulic fluid transferred from the power distribution transmission coupling 114. For example, the outlet port 306 may include an adjustable valve. The orifice of the adjustable valve can be adjusted to increase or decrease the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the outlet port 306. Increasing the flow rate of the hydraulic fluid through the outlet port 306 can reduce the amount of torque transferred from the input shaft 302 to the output shaft 304. In an example, the extension of the blade 406 can be controlled to achieve the desired output shaft condition. The position of the tip 412 of the blade 406 can be adjusted to a position flush with the outer surface 416 of the hub 402, a position in contact with the cam ring 308, or any position therebetween. The adjustable torque ratio may be controlled by any number of mechanical or electromechanical devices, including but not limited to electric motors, servo devices, flow control valves, mechanical linkages, hydraulic motors, hydraulic systems, pneumatic motors, pneumatic systems, etc. In an example, the adjustable torque ratio may be controlled by a computer in communication with the electromechanical devices.

[0108] In an example, the stored hydraulic fluid can be supplied to the hydraulic motor 118 at high pressure to increase the power or electricity generated by the generator 116. For example, when the power applied to the generator rotor 120 is below the maximum power rating of the generator 116, additional power can be supplied from the hydraulic motor 118 to the generator 116. In an example, reducing the power transmitted to the generator rotor 120 can prevent damage to the generator 116 or prevent oversupply of power to the power grid, thereby preventing an undesirable increase in the grid's electrical frequency. In the power split mode, by reducing the power transmitted to the generator 116, the power generated by the turbine rotor 102 is not wasted. Instead, the excess power is stored as high-pressure fluid for use at another time or location, such as to provide additional power to the generator 116 during tidal estuaries and / or low wind speeds, or to provide additional power to another turbine operating below maximum output. In an example, the power split transmission coupling 114 can smooth the torque and / or power transmitted from the input shaft 302 to the output shaft 304. For example, inconsistent input shaft torque can be converted to a constant output shaft torque by the power split drive coupling 114. In an example, the energy efficiency of the power split drive coupling 114 can be 90% or higher. In contrast, the energy efficiency of a piston pump is only 70%. The power split drive coupling 114 can operate at a power capacity exceeding 1 megawatt (such as 2 megawatts, 3 megawatts, or more).

[0109] Figure 15A 、 Figure 15B andFigure 15C illustrates a power generation, storage, and regeneration system 2600 according to another example. The system 2600 includes a water flow capture device 2601, which can be used in conjunction with a water turbine 18B ( Figure 1 ), and / or used as a wave capture device 18C. The water flow capture device 2601 can be modified into a water wheel device 42 ( Figure 6C ), excluding one or both of the two turbines discussed below, and replacing the wheel 44 ( Figure 6C ). The water flow capture device 2601 can include one or more drive shafts 2613A and 2613B, one or more power distribution drive couplings 2614A and 2614B, a gearbox 2616, a first flywheel 2618A, a second flywheel 2618B, one or more pump / motors 2620, one or more accumulators 2622, and one or more generators 2624. Although not specifically shown in Figures 15A to 15C , the system 2600 can also include one or more controllers, and one or more sensors (such as an electrical control unit and a tachometer). The controller can be used to operate the system 2600 in the various operating modes discussed herein.

[0110] Now referring in combination to Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15C , Figure 15D , Figure 15E and Figure 15F , the water flow capture device 2601 can include an outer nacelle 2602, one or more turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B, a plurality of blades 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB, an inner wall 2608, Venturi sections 2610A and 2610B, a first flow path 2612A, a second flow path 2612B, a sliding gate 2626, a filter or screen 2628, one or more bypass gates 2630A and 2630B, and a dividing gate 2632. In addition to the Venturi sections 2610A and 2610B, the outer nacelle 2602 can include an inlet section 2634 and an outlet section 2636.

[0111] At the system level, system 2600 (water flow capture device 2601) can be configured to capture a quantity of water (e.g., from a river, stream, tide, or other flowing water source), and collect this water into one or more of the plurality of vanes 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB. The load of water flowing through one or more of the plurality of vanes 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB can cause one or more of the plurality of vanes 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB to rotate one or more turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B. Turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B can be coupled to or be the one or more drive shafts 2613A and 2613B. One or more power distribution drive couplings 2614A and 2614B can be selectively coupled to the one or more drive shafts 2613A and 2613B, and can be used in the manner previously discussed. Drive shafts 2613A and 2613B can extend from the one or more power distribution drive couplings 2614A and 2614B, and can be coupled to a gearbox 2616. Another drive shaft 2614C (or shafts) can extend from the gearbox 2616, and can be coupled to a first flywheel 2618A, a second flywheel 2618B, one or more generators 2624, and one or more pump / motors 2620 in a series or parallel arrangement. Hydraulically, one or more power distribution drive couplings 2614A and 2614B can be selectively in fluid communication with the gearbox 2616, one or more pump / motors 2620, and one or more accumulators 2622 (see Figure 16A and Figure 16C for a schematic illustration).

[0112] System 2600 can be constructed and operated in a manner similar to the Figures 11 to 14 system previously discussed. However, the first flywheel 2618A and / or the second flywheel 2618B can be an important addition. The first flywheel 2618A and the second flywheel 2618B can be different in size and inertia. The first flywheel 2618A and the second flywheel 2618B can smoothly transfer power from the turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B to one or more generators 2624. The inertia of each of the first flywheel 2618A and the second flywheel 2618B resists and moderates the speed fluctuations of the turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B (as a result of changes in water flow speed), and stores excess rotational energy (conserving angular momentum) for intermittent use.

[0113] Now turning to Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15C , Figure 15D , Figure 15E andFigure 15F In the water flow capture device 2601 shown, the outer nacelle 2602 can collect water into the water flow capture device 2601 via the inlet section 2634. Thus, the inlet section 2634 can have a decreasing cross-sectional area that travels from its upstream edge in the downstream direction. The outer nacelle 2602 can be constructed of a suitable material, such as plastic, sheet metal, reinforced concrete, etc. The inlet section 2634 can be in fluid communication with the Venturi sections 2610A and 2610B, which have a reduced cross-sectional area relative to the inlet section 2634 and the outlet section 2636. The Venturi sections 2610A and 2610B can be separated from each other by the inner wall 2608. The inner wall 2608 can extend into or adjacent to the inlet section 2634 and / or the outlet section 2636. The upstream leading edge of the inner wall 2608 can have an airfoil, tapered, or aerodynamic shape. The combination of the inner wall 2608 and the outer nacelle 2602 can form a first flow path 2612A and a second flow path 2612B within the Venturi sections 2610A and 2610B, respectively.

[0114] A plurality of vanes 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB can be positioned within or adjacent to the Venturi sections 2610A and 2610B. In particular, the vane 2606A can be positioned within or adjacent to the first flow path 2612A, and the vanes 2606B and 2606BB can be positioned within or adjacent to the second flow path 2612B. The vanes 2606B and 2606BB can be spaced apart from each other (such as in a vertical arrangement) and are coupled together via the turbine rotor 2604B. The vanes 2606B and 2606BB can be different from the vane 2606A in terms of size and / or shape. In the example shown, the vane 2606A can be larger (at least longer) than the vanes 2606B and 2606BB. However, it is envisioned or contemplated that the vane 2606A can also be larger in other dimensions and / or can have an airfoil geometry different from that of the vanes 2606B and 2606BB, etc.

[0115] It should also be noted that the first flow path 2612A (formed by the Venturi section 2610A and the inner wall 2608) can be different in volume (e.g., cross-sectional area, shape, etc.) from the second flow path 2612B (formed by the Venturi section 2610B and the inner wall 2608). For example, such a volume difference can be between 0.1% and 80%. However, in some embodiments, such a volume difference is not considered or envisioned.

[0116] The sliding gate 2626 (at Figure 15B and Figure 15CThe one or more bypass gates 2630A and 2630B may include gates or other selectively openable openings on the outer nacelle 2602, such as gates or other selectively openable openings in the downstream portions of the inlet sections 2634 upstream of the venturi sections 2610A and 2610B, respectively. Figure 15C ).

[0117] The sliding gate 2626 (shown in

[0118] FIG. Figure 15D can be selectively moved into or out of the outer nacelle 2602. Multiple positions (e.g., partial insertion) of the sliding gate 2626 are possible. When fully moved into the outer nacelle 2602 selectively, the sliding gate 2626 can block water flow through a portion of the second flow path 2612B such that water does not engage and / or load the blades 2606B (see Figure 15E ). Optionally, as shown in Figure 15F FIG.

[0119] The diverter gate 2632 can be hinged to rotate to selectively reduce and / or block flow to one of the first flow path 2612A or the second flow path 2612B. Water flow can be diverted (i.e., shunted away) by the diverter gate 2632 from one of the flow channels 2612A or the second flow path 2612B to the other of the flow path 2612A or the second flow path 2612B (or out of one of the bypass gates 2630A or 2630B). For example, in

[0120] The dividing gate 2632, the sliding gate 2626, and / or one or more bypass gates 2630A and 2630B can be used in combination to direct water flow to load multiple vanes 2606A, 2606B, and / or 2606BB in such a way that given the water flow velocity through the water flow capture device 2601, power generation is maximized. For example, in the case of low water flow velocity (lowest flow rate and possible power generation scenario 1), one or more of the bypass gates 2630A and 2630B will be closed. The dividing gate 2632 can be hinged to direct substantially all or most of the water flow into the second flow path 2612B. The sliding gate 2626 can also be moved into the outer nacelle 2602 to block a portion of the second flow path 2612B so that water does not engage and / or load the vane 2606B (see Figure 15C ). Then, in the lowest flow rate case, the power will come only from the water flow loading the vane 2606BB.

[0121] In the case of a slightly higher water flow velocity (scenario 2), the sliding gate 2626 can be removed from within the outer nacelle 2602 (or at least partially removed). This will allow a certain amount of flow within the venturi section 2610B to load the vane 2606B as well as the vane 2606B.

[0122] If the water flow velocity is to be further increased (scenario 3), the dividing gate 2632 can be hinged to direct part, most, or substantially all of the water flow into the first flow path 2612A to engage the larger vane 2606A. Thus, the flow will be diverted from the second flow path 2612B such that the vanes 2606B and 2606BB will have reduced loading.

[0123] In the case of a further increased water flow velocity (scenario 4), one or both of the bypass gates 2630A and 2630B can be opened. In the case of a further additional increased water flow velocity (scenario 5), the bypass gates 2630A and 2630B can be closed, and the dividing gate 2632 can be locked or otherwise held in a neutral position to allow water flow to both the first flow path 2612A and the second flow path 2612B to reach the multiple vanes 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB. In the case of the highest flow velocity (scenario 6), the dividing gate 2632 can remain in the neutral position, but one or both of the bypass gates 2630A and 2630B can be opened. In the case of the highest flow velocity (scenario 6), water flow can go to both the first flow path 2612A and the second flow path 2612B to reach the multiple vanes 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB.

[0124] The above cases 1 to 6 are exemplary operating modes, and it is recognized that other operating modes are possible. These additional operating modes include initially diverting the flow away from the second flow path 2612B such that the flow travels through the first flow path 2612A to load the vane 2606A when specified by the flow velocity or flow condition. Additionally, a case where the diverter gate 2632 is used to only partially divert the flow such that the first flow path 2612A and the second flow path 2612B each receive some water flow to load the vane is considered a possible additional operating mode.

[0125] Figure 16A and Figure 16B The power storage operating mode of the system 2600 is shown, which can occur at higher water flow velocities (e.g., such as cases 4 to 6 as described above). In this power storage mode, the turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B rotate at a speed higher than the required grid generator speed. One or more power distribution drive couplings 2614A and 2614B can reduce the respective shaft speeds to an acceptable rotational speed for the generator and can act as pumps to transfer hydraulic fluid with excess energy to one or more accumulators 2622.

[0126] Figure 16C and Figure 16D The power regeneration operating mode of the system 2600 is shown. This can occur at the lowest or lower water flow velocities (e.g., case 1 or case 0 (insufficient flow velocity - the rotors 2604A and 2604B do not rotate)). In the power regeneration operating mode, one or more accumulators 2622 can be depleted or emptied to drive one or more pump / motors 2620 to rotate one or more generators 2624 at a desired speed.

[0127] System 2600 can use sensors. These sensors can include tachometers or other types of suitable sensors that can provide sensing along an axis or rotor to the controller. For the various operating modes discussed subsequently, the sensors can be electronic inputs to the controller. The controller can be in electrical communication with a plurality of sensors, one or more valves, and a plurality of actuators. The sensors can sense various aspects of the input and output shafts, rotors, or other shafts in the system 2600 leading to the power distribution drive coupling. These aspects can include rotational count, rotational speed of the input and / or output shaft or rotor, acceleration of the input and / or output shaft or rotor, and so on. The controller can use the inputs from the plurality of sensors to control one or more valves. One or more valves can send pilot signals or other signals to change the operating mode of the power distribution drive coupling. Such operating modes and pilot signals are discussed in this document and in the applicant's prior patents and patent applications incorporated herein by reference. Thus, the controller can control the operation of the power distribution drive coupling and other components into the various operating modes discussed in this document.

[0128] The controller can also control the operation of the water flow capture device 2601 and the system 2600 to operate in the various modes previously discussed in this document. To facilitate such control operations, a plurality of actuators can be electrically controlled by the controller.

[0129] The plurality of actuators can include an actuator 2610A for the bypass gate 2630A and an actuator for the bypass gate 2630B. Under an electronic signal from the controller, the actuator can fully open, partially close, or fully close the bypass gate. Similarly, under an electronic signal from the controller, the actuator can fully open, partially close, or fully close the bypass gate 2630B. Under an electronic signal from the controller, the actuator can fully open, partially close, or fully close the sliding gate 2626. Under an electronic signal from the controller, the actuator can actuate the movement of the water diversion gate 2632 as previously described.

[0130] Figures 17A to 17C There is shown an artificially modified or created estuary 2710 having a structure similar to but modified from the estuary 10 described in Figure 1 Some of the modifications are to add some additional components and features, as will be discussed in this document, including a modified version of the water flow capture device 2601 ( Figures 15A to 16D ) as further discussed in this document.

[0131] The estuary 2710 can have walls 2712 that form a bank having an exemplary shape, which converges and amplifies the incoming tidal flow along the flow channel 2713 to the dam / reservoir 2715A, dam / reservoir 2715B, and / or the water current capture device 2750. The estuary 2710 can be partially onshore, offshore, such as on a tidal shelf, adjacent to a shoreline (formed by a continent, island, reef, etc.), or at another suitable location as previously discussed. The shapes of the illustrated flow channel 2713 and walls 2712 are exemplary and are expected to be modified (other examples are provided). However, the walls 2712 can be convex or otherwise gradually curved so as to narrow towards each other to restrict the flow channel 2713, as shown according to one example. The shape can be different from the illustrated pear-shaped shape. According to some examples, multiple portions of the walls 2712 can be modified by human activities or may not be modified by human activities. In fact, in some examples, the entire wall 2712 can be created by human activities. Thus, the walls 2712 can be formed of concrete, steel, wood, stone, brick, rock, piled sand, etc. In some cases, some or all of the walls 2712 can be not modified by human activities. Thus, the flow channel 2713 can be formed of natural materials (e.g., sand, rock, etc.), such as formed by the seabed or other man-made or artificially modified materials.

[0132] In Figures 17A to 17C it, the walls 2712 have a reduced cross-sectional area leading to the reservoirs 2715A, 2715B, and the water current capture device 2750 in order to better amplify the tidal flow. The modified estuary 2710 includes a power generation system 2714 that communicates with a power generation system (such as a power grid, a generator, a battery station, an accumulator, a hydrogen production facility, etc.). The power generation system 2714 can include components similar to the previously described systems 14 and 2600. In addition, in addition to (or instead of) the water current capture device 2750, the power generation system 2714 can include a water turbine 18B powered by the flow from the water pipe 2752, dam / reservoir 2715A, and / or dam / reservoir 2715B.

[0133] Thus, the power generation system 2714 includes one or more turbines, particularly one or more water turbines 18B as previously described. Wind, floating, and other generators (e.g., wind turbines, etc.) can also be utilized, but are not specifically shown.

[0134] Figures 17A to 17C The estuary 2710 of Figure 1The estuary 10 is different in that it does not include an obstacle. Instead, the mouth of the estuary 2710 is open to the ocean and faces the ocean outward. The gate 2719 can be used to enclose the estuary 2710 and retain tidal water within the estuary 2710, as described elsewhere. The gate 2719 can be selectively opened and closed to open or block the mouth of the estuary 2710. The wall 2712 and the gate 2719 can together form an enclosure, namely the estuary 2710. For example, the gate 2719 (and other gates / gateways discussed herein) can be hydraulically operated.

[0135] Figure 17A An artificial shelf or bottom 2726 is shown that can be used within or near the estuary 2710, for example as previously described in Figures 3A to 3C discussed. For example, such a bottom 2726 can be tapered, raised, or otherwise modified from the seabed to increase the height of the tidal flow entering the estuary 2710. The estuary 2710 itself can have an artificially modified bottom, such as a false bottom as previously described herein.

[0136] Figures 17A to 17C Includes some additional features or variations from the previously described devices and / or systems that will now be discussed. The estuary 2710 includes a water pipe 2752. Such a water pipe 2752 can be selectively in communication with the flow channel 2713. The water pipe 2752 can have a gate / gateway 2753, etc., which can be opened or selectively closed to the volume of the flow channel 2713 within the estuary 2710. Similarly, a gate / gateway can be placed within or near the water pipe 2752, such as near or at the outlet 2754 of the water pipe. In this way, the water pipe 2752 with the gate / gateway closed can hold / retain a certain amount of water for use as needed in a manner similar to a dam or reservoir such as the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or the dam / reservoir 2715B. The water pipe 2752 can have an outlet 2754 outside the wall 2712 of the estuary 2710.

[0137] In addition, one or more water turbines 18B can be placed within or near the outlet 2754 of the water pipe 2752. The water pipe 2752 can be made of concrete, steel, or other suitable materials. The location of the water pipe 2752 relative to the height of the wall 2712 can vary by example and can vary depending on the relative position within the estuary 2710 (e.g., relatively close to the gate 2719, for the water flow capture device 2750). Although the outlet 2754 is shown midway between the top of the wall 2712 and the bottom 2726 of the estuary 2710, this location is merely exemplary. For example, the outlet 2754 can be near or at the bottom 2726. Although in Figures 17A to 17CA single water pipe 2752 is shown, but the present invention contemplates or considers that for multiple such pipes at different locations and different relative heights, the bottom 2726 can be utilized.

[0138] Figures 17A to 17C One or more water turbines 18B are contemplated to be used at the outlets 2756 of the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or the dam / reservoir 2715B, as Figure 22 discussed further below.

[0139] The water flow capture device 2750 may have a housing formed by the outer nacelle 2602, as discussed in the previous embodiment. Such an outer nacelle 2602 can be shaped to form a Venturi tube ( Figure 17C ) in the region of the water turbine 18B. Such a water turbine 18B can be positioned within the outer nacelle 2602 inside or near the Venturi tube. The gates / gates can regulate the flow or discharge of the captured tides from the estuary 2710 to the water flow capture device 2750. For example, the water flow capture device 2750 can be positioned at the most restricted and narrow cross-sectional area part of the estuary 2710. This can be near the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or the dam / reservoir 2715B. However, other locations of the water flow capture device 2750 are also contemplated or considered, such as the outlets 2756 from the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or the dam / reservoir 2715B, and / or the outlets 2754 from the water pipe 2752.

[0140] The power generation system 2714 has many components discussed previously, and thus, these components will not be discussed in great detail. In some cases, the power generation system 2714 can have the same configuration as the previously described power generation system 2600. However, it is also contemplated that only a single water turbine 18B with a single rotor can be used with the power generation system 2714 and the water flow capture device 2750. Compared with the power generation system 2600, this can reduce or otherwise change the number of shafts, the number of power distribution couplings, the number of gears in the gearbox, and the number of flywheels used by the power generation system 2714.

[0141] Figure 18 The estuary 2710 is shown during high tide as previously described. The estuary 2710 gate 2719 can be opened to allow the tidal flow to enter the estuary 2710. The gate 2719A of the water flow capture device 2750 can be opened or closed as needed. Similarly, the gates of the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or the dam / reservoir 2715B can be opened or closed as needed.

[0142] Figure 19The figure shows that during low tide (or actually during neap tides or after a full high tide), the gate 2719 of the estuary 2710 can be selectively closed to capture and store water within the estuary 2710.

[0143] As Figure 20 shown, during low tide and / or neap tides, the water captured within the estuary 2710 can be released in a controlled manner. For example, the captured tidal water can be released to the water flow capture device 2750 to rotate the water turbine 18B. For example, the gate / gates 2719A ( Figure 18 ) can be used to selectively control the flow rate of the tidal water to the water flow capture device 2750. For example, during low tide, water can be released from the estuary 2710 to the water flow capture device 2750 or another water flow capture device, or to the water turbine 18B (e.g., at the outlet leading to the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or dam / reservoir 2715B and / or the water pipe 2752). During neap tides, approximately half of the volume of the estuary 2710 can be supplied to the water flow capture device 2750 and passed through this device. The new neap tides can replenish or maintain the water level within the estuary 2710 so that the tidal flow leading to and through the water flow capture device 2750 can be continued. As previously discussed, the water flow leading to / from the estuary 2710 can be controlled by the grid host as needed in order to generate electricity during peak electricity consumption periods. The power storage and regeneration discussed herein are also considered to supplement / save electricity for use when needed.

[0144] Figure 21 A system 2800 of several estuaries 2710 arranged or connected together as previously described is shown. The outer wall 2802 can be used to connect the estuaries 2710 together so that the incoming tidal flows are collected into the corresponding estuaries 2710. Such a system 2800 with the outer wall 2802 can capture additional incoming tidal flows. Safety gates 2804 can be provided in the outer wall 2802 as needed to allow the bypassing of the water flow in the case of a hurricane, cyclone, or other extreme weather event that would otherwise create a storm surge that could damage the outer wall 2802 and / or the estuary 2710. Figure 21 Additionally shown is a gate / gates 2758 on the water pipe 2752 within the estuary 2710, which can be selectively opened and closed as needed.

[0145] Figure 22 The process of filling and emptying one of the dam / reservoirs 2715A and / or dam / reservoirs 2715B of the estuary 2710 ( Figures 17A to 21 ) is shown. A similar process using barrels was previously described in relation to this application. However, Figure 4 Figure 22 ​Additional details regarding timing, etc. are provided. The dam / reservoir 2715A and / or the dam / reservoir 2715B has a bucket that can be selectively raised and lowered within the reservoir to use the displacement and the water held by the bucket to change the height of the water within the reservoir.

[0146] As Figure 22 shown, the bucket 2900 can be placed on the hydraulic actuator 2902. The hydraulic actuator 2902 can be operated by pressure from an accumulator (see Figures 15A to 17C ). During low tide, the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or the dam / reservoir 2715B can be emptied (see step (1) on the left of the observer). During high tide (where the estuary 2710 is full or filled), the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or the dam / reservoir 2715B and the bucket 2900 can be filled as shown in step (2). As previously described, the water flowing out from the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or the dam / reservoir 2715B can cause the water turbine 18B to rotate. The buoyancy of the bucket 2900 and the hydraulic actuator 2902 can raise the bucket 2900 to the position of step 3. When the tide recedes (as shown in step 3), the water level in the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or the dam / reservoir 2715B decreases. However, by selectively raising and / or lowering the bucket 2900 hydraulically with the hydraulic actuator 2902, the water level within the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or the dam / reservoir 2715B can be selectively displaced higher or lower in order to maintain a desired flow rate for the water turbine 18C. The water captured by the bucket 2900 during high tide can also be selectively emptied into the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or the dam / reservoir 2715B to change the water level therein as needed. As shown in step (4), once the bucket 2900 is emptied, the bucket can be lowered to again raise the water level within the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or the dam / reservoir 2715B by allowing a higher flow rate to the water turbine 18C through the displacement.

[0147] Figure 23 An alternative process for filling and emptying one of the dam / reservoirs 2715A and / or 2715B of the estuary 2710 ( Figures 17A to 21 ) is shown. Figure 23 The process of Figure 22process because the hydraulic actuator 2902 does not need to lift the full bucket 2900. Instead, the bucket 2900 can be filled during high tide, where the actuator 2902 is in the extended position. As the tide drops with the water level in the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or dam / reservoir 2715B decreasing, the bucket 2900 can be selectively lowered into the volume of the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or dam / reservoir 2715B to displace the water level higher. Eventually, the water in the bucket 2900 can be emptied again to increase the water level in the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or dam / reservoir 2715B. The empty bucket can freely float or remain attached to the hydraulic actuator 2902 near the top of the water level in the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or dam / reservoir 2715B, and can eventually return to the lowered position, where the hydraulic actuator 2902 is in the lowered state, as shown on the far right for an observer. Then, the empty bucket 2900 is ready to be lifted again by the hydraulic actuator 2902 to the raised / extended position for high tide filling, as shown in the image to the left of the observer.

[0148] Figure 22 and Figure 23 illustrates a process where the dam / reservoir 2715A and / or dam / reservoir 2715B can be controlled to start discharging water, generating power as the water drops, so the power output to and from the water turbine 18B is semi - steady. When the water level drops and the water flow slows down, the process can start lowering the bucket 2900 and / or emptying the water from the bucket 2900, so although the volume has decreased, the height of the water remains elevated and thus the power remains increased.

[0149] Figures 24A to 24C illustrates having an artificially modified or created estuary 3010 with a structure similar to but modified from the estuaries 10 and 2710 described in Figure 1 and Figures 17A to 17C . The main modification is the addition of additional dams / reservoirs 3015A, 3015AA and / or dams / reservoirs 3015B, 3015BB, as will be discussed further herein. However, additional modifications such as adding multiple water pipes 3052 are also considered.

[0150] The estuary 3010 can have walls 3012 that form embankments with an exemplary shape, as shown for the wall 2712 in Figures 17A to 17C . This shape causes the incoming tidal flow to converge along the flow path 3013 and amplify towards the dams / reservoirs 3015A, dams / reservoirs 3015AA, dams / reservoirs 3015B, dams / reservoirs 3015BB and / or the water flow capture device 2750. Figures 24A to 24CIt is shown that the wall 3012 can be made of various materials, such as, for example, rock and steel. The wind turbine 18A can be installed in various parts of the estuary, such as the wall 3012, the dam / reservoir 3015A, the dam / reservoir 3015B, and so on.

[0151] In Figures 24A to 24C the retrofitted estuary 3010 includes a power generation system 3014 that communicates with a power generation system (such as a power grid, a generator, a battery station, an accumulator, a hydrogen production facility, etc.). The power generation system 3014 can include components similar to the previously described systems 14, 2600, 2700. In addition, in addition to (or instead of) the water flow capture device 2750, the power generation system 3014 can include a water turbine powered by the flow from the water pipe 3052, the dam / reservoir 3015A, the dam / reservoir 3015AA, the dam / reservoir 3015B, and / or the dam / reservoir 3015BB.

[0152] The components of the power generation system 3014 will not be discussed in great detail, but can include multiple flywheels similar to the Figures 15A to 16D system 2600. The power generation system 3014 can include, for example, a water turbine, a water flow capture device 2750, a shaft, a power distribution coupling, a first flywheel, a second flywheel, a pump motor, an accumulator, and a generator.

[0153] The dam / reservoir 3015A and the dam / reservoir 3015AA can be selectively communicated with each other via the passage 3018A. The dam / reservoir 3015B and the dam / reservoir 3015BB can be selectively communicated with each other via the passage 3018B. The passage 3018A can be selectively closed (for example, by a gate) so that each of the dam / reservoir 3015A and the dam / reservoir 3015AA can be drained and refilled separately, including using buckets in the manner of the dam / reservoirs previously discussed herein. The passage 3018B can be selectively closed (for example, by a gate or a sluice as shown) so that each of the dam / reservoir 3015B and the dam / reservoir 3015BB can be drained and refilled separately, including using buckets in the manner of the dam / reservoirs previously discussed herein. This use of additional dam / reservoirs (compared to the previous designs shown in the previous figures) provides additional opportunities for metering and controlling power generation through the overflow from the dam / reservoir 3015A, the dam / reservoir 3015AA, the dam / reservoir 3015B, and / or the dam / reservoir 3015BB.

[0154] Figure 25A system 3100 for wave power generation is shown. The system 3100 may include a component 3102, which includes a water wheel 3104, a frame 3106, cylinders 3108 and 3108A, a shaft 3110, a differential 3112, an external spline shaft 3114, an internal spline shaft 3116, a gearbox 3118, a power distribution coupling 3120, a flywheel 3122, a pump motor 3124, a generator 3126, and an accumulator 3128. The system 3100 may also include a wave guiding component 3130, which includes a wall 3132, a channel 3133, and a Venturi tube 3134.

[0155] The system 3100 and the component 3102 may be constructed in a manner similar to systems and components including a water wheel, such as described in the pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 432,245, titled "IN-AND-OUT WAVE CAPTURE APPARATUS SYSTEM AND PROCESS," filed by the applicant on December 13, 2022, which patent was previously incorporated herein by reference.

[0156] The water wheel 3104 may be coupled to the frame 3106 via the cylinder 3108 and may be rotatable relative to the frame 3106. The cylinder 3108 may be extendable or retractable in a telescopic manner to adjust the position of the water wheel 3104 to accommodate the height of the waves. The cylinder 3108 may be adjusted in height via a controller that communicates with one or more buoy-mounted sensors, as discussed in the applicant's pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 432,245. When the wave action passing through the water wheel 3104 strikes the paddle and rotates, the shaft 3110 may be coupled to the water wheel 3104 and may be rotated by the water wheel 3104. The shaft 3110 may be coupled to the differential 3112. The differential 3112 and other components (e.g., the shaft 3110, the external spline shaft 3114, the internal spline shaft 3116, the gearbox 3118, the power distribution coupling 3120, the flywheel 3122, the pump motor 3124, etc.) may be supported on the cylinder 3108A, which may be raised and lowered relative to the seabed or other structure according to wave action, tides, etc. The differential 3112 may be, for example, a 90-degree differential and may be coupled to, for example, the external spline shaft 3114 or another shaft or component. The external spline shaft 3114 may be connected to the internal spline shaft 3116. The internal spline shaft 3116 may be coupled to the gearbox 3118. A shaft or other coupling may connect the power distribution coupling 3120 to the gearbox 3118. Shafts (some not explicitly shown) may connect the flywheel 3122, the pump motor 3124, the generator 3126, and the accumulator 3128 to the power distribution coupling 3120.

[0157] Component 3102 may or may not be used in combination with the wave guiding component 3130. Component 3102 does not need to be positioned near a wall or other obstacle to capture the action of the rebounding wave as previously described herein. If used, the wall 3132 of the wave guiding component 3130 may be shaped to concentrate the wave action and funnel the waves into the venturi tube 3134. The outlet from the venturi tube 3134 may be positioned on its ocean side adjacent to component 3102. The venturi tube 3134 may be shaped to provide a top to limit, for example, the wave height, i.e., the wave elevation, traveling to the water wheel 3104.

[0158] Figure 26A and Figure 26B System 3200 is shown and includes two or more of the plurality of estuaries 3010 previously described with respect to Figures 24A to 24C and a power generation system 3014 combined with the system 3100 for wave power generation of Figure 25

[0159] Figure 26A and Figure 26B As shown, system 3200 may include a bottom 3228 configured as a shelf or ramp 3202 that is configured to raise the tide and / or wave elevation in an externally open estuary 3210 or a passage leading to a selectively closable estuary 3010 and along the externally open estuary 3210 or the passage leading to the selectively closable estuary 3010. While the estuary 3010 has a gate for retaining tidal water within the estuary 3010, the estuary 3210 is open to the ocean and does not retain tidal flow. Instead, the estuary 3210 is configured to amplify the tides and / or waves entering the system 3200, particularly the estuary 3010.

[0160] System 3200 may include features for capturing tidal water during a king tide. A king tide may be a tide that is higher than a normal tide and typically occurs during a new moon or full moon and when the moon is at perigee, or during a particular season such as spring. To this end, ramp 3202 may be configured to rise during such an event. This may raise the height of the water entering estuary 3010 during such an event such that an increased volume or quantity of water can be captured when the gates leading to estuary 3010 are closed. Additionally, dam / reservoirs 3015A, 3015AA, 3015B, and 3015BB may all be open to the main channel to capture tidal flow during such an event. Thus, during a king tide, dam / reservoir 3015A may be opened to communicate with dam / reservoir 3015AA, and / or dam / reservoir 3015B may be opened to communicate with dam / reservoir 3015BB. Once filled to a desired water level during a king tide event, dam / reservoir 3015A may be closed off from dam / reservoir 3015AA to capture additional tidal water, and dam / reservoir 3015AA and / or dam / reservoir 3015B may be closed off from dam / reservoir 3015BB to capture such additional tidal water. This additional tidal water is held by dam / reservoirs 3015A, 3015AA, 3015B, 3015BB for additional power generation at a time desired by the grid host. While estuary 3010 is depicted as including four dam / reservoirs for each estuary 3010, this application anticipates that in the spirit of this example, each estuary 3010 may use more or fewer than four dam / reservoirs.

[0161] Figure 27 System 3300 is shown including man-made dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D. Dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D may be formed of rock placed such as tailings or other materials (concrete, steel, etc.). System 3300 utilizes a naturally formed or partially man-made land formation 3302 such as an island to form an additional boundary of estuary 3310. At least dam 3315A forming an entrance to estuary 3310 has a wall 3332 that forms a tidal guidance assembly 3330 that may be shaped to concentrate tidal action and funnel the tide into estuary 3310. This funneling, along with dams 315B, 3315C, and 3315D, may significantly raise the tidal water level within estuary 3310 (e.g., an additional height of 10 to 20 meters higher than would otherwise occur). Each of dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D, or some of dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D may have an associated gate (Figure 27 Only one gate 3304A) and a channel 3305A are shown, and the channel can be selectively opened and closed to allow water to enter / exit along the channel 3305A. The gate 3304A (and additional gates not shown) and dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D can hold tidal water at a certain water level / height within the estuary 3310 as needed. Additionally, each of the dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D, or some of the dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D can have an associated power generation system 3314, which can be located within or near the dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D, such as within or near the gate or the channel. The power generation system 3314 can at least include a water turbine and a shafting, and can additionally optionally include other components, such as a flywheel and other components similar to Figures 15A to 16D the system 2600. For example, in addition to the water turbine, the power generation system 3314 can include a water flow capture device, a shaft, a power distribution coupling, a first flywheel, a second flywheel, a pump motor, an accumulator, a generator, etc.

[0162] Figure 28 Previously shown in Figure 9 is the tidal estuary 10A, which is now artificially modified using the dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D including the gates 3304B and 3304C associated with the dams 3315B and 3315C. As Figure 28 shown, 3315B and 3315C and the gates 3304B and 3304D can regulate the flow of tidal water through the channels into and out of the additional estuaries / reservoirs 10AA and 10AAA. For example, the devices and systems for power generation discussed herein can be used to control the flow from the estuary 10A to the estuaries / reservoirs 10AA and 10AAA. The estuaries / reservoirs 10AA and 10AAA can be used to store additional water, and then when such power generation is desired, this additional water can be reused in the outflow for power generation. Thus, once the tide level in the estuary 10A is sufficiently lowered relative to the estuaries / reservoirs 10AA and / or 10AAA, the gates 3304B and / or 3304D can be opened, and water can flow along the channel from the estuaries / reservoirs 10AA and / or 10AAA back into the estuary 10A. This flow can cause the rotation of the water turbine and create electricity captured by the power generation system 3314. In this way, the inflow and outflow from the partially artificial and partially natural estuaries / reservoirs 10A, 10AA, and 10AA can be used for power generation.

[0163] Figure 29An example of system 3400 is shown, which includes three artificial dams 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C and a plurality of tidal current enhancement walls 3432 that form channels 3405A, 3405B, and 3405C in addition to dams 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C. Dams 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C and walls 3432 can be formed by placed rock, such as tailings or other materials (concrete, steel, etc.). System 3400 can be placed in an enhanced tidal area, such as on a tidal shelf adjacent to a shoreline or at other suitable locations. Figure 29 "Seaward side" and "landward side" are listed; however, this orientation is exemplary, and variations of this orientation can be envisioned or expected. Additionally, the tidal bottom on the seaward side leading to channels 3405A, 3405B, and 3405C can be raised, as previously described and illustrated herein.

[0164] Dams 3415A and 3415B can each have water inlets (indicated by squares) leading to estuaries 3410A and 3410B, respectively. Additionally, dams 3415A and 3415B can each have water outlets (indicated by squares) leading to channels 3405A and 3405B, respectively. This application contemplates that the power generation system 3414 can be placed at or adjacent to these inlets and outlets for power generation. The power generation system 3414 can be placed near or at the inlet for power generation during in-tide (e.g., flood tide), and the power generation system 3414 can be placed at or near the outlet for power generation during out-tide (e.g., ebb tide). Additionally, it should be recognized that during certain tidal conditions, the functions of the inlet and outlet can be reversed (e.g., the inlet can be used as an outlet) for power generation or to provide additional flow to dams 3415A and 3415B. Thus, the labels "inlet" and "outlet" should not be considered restrictive.

[0165] Dams 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C can be separated from each other by walls 3432 and gates / gateways 3404A, 3404B, and 3404C. Additional gates / gateways 3404D and 3404E can be used to selectively separate dams 3415A and 3415B from channel 3405C. Gates / gateways 3404A, 3404B, 3404C, 3404D, and 3404E can be selectively opened and closed as needed, depending on the state of the tide. Gates / gateways 3404A, 3404B, 3404C, 3404D, and 3404E, as well as dams 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C, can hold tidal water at a desired level / height. Gate / gateway 3404C can allow flow to pass between dam 3415A and dam 3415B. It should be noted that gates / gateways 3404A, 3404B, 3404C, 3404D, and 3404E can be selectively opened and closed in certain tidal situations. For example, during neap tides, gate / gateway 3404E, which provides an inlet for the incoming tidal flow into dam 3415B, can remain closed so that the tidal flow is mainly directed into dam 3415A and, if needed, into dam 3415C. This ensures that sufficient water levels within dam 3415A are achieved even during neap tide conditions for power generation. Dams 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C can have different volumes (e.g., different heights and / or areas) and can be appropriately filled given the tide and the volume of a particular dam.

[0166] Additionally, each of dams 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C or some of dams 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C can have an associated power generation system 3414 (labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4 in Figure 29 ), which can be positioned adjacent to dams 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C, such as within or near gates / gateways 3404A, 3404B, 3404C, 3404D, and 3404E.

[0167] As previously discussed and shown, many of these walls 3432 form a tidal guidance assembly that can be shaped to concentrate tidal action and direct the tide into the corresponding dams 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C and estuaries 3410A and 3410B. The present application contemplates that the power generation system 3414 can be placed within the estuaries 3410A and 3410B and channels 3405A and 3405B at various high-speed flow regions indicated by the numbers 5, 6, 7, and 8. This concentrating action, together with dams 3415B, 3415C, and 3415D, can significantly raise the tidal water level within various sections of the system 3400 (e.g., compared to an additional height of 10 to 20 meters that would otherwise occur). Wall 3434 can optionally be shaped as a diverter leading to and from dams 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C. This can allow for separating the discharge or inflow into the respective dams among dams 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C. It should be noted that while dams 3415A and 3415B are shown at approximately equal distances from the "shore side", the positions of dams 3415A and 3415B relative to the "shore side" can be staggered as needed.

[0168] The power generation system 3414 can at least include a water turbine and a shafting, and can additionally optionally include other components, such as a flywheel and other components similar to those of Figures 15A to 16D system 2600. For example, in addition to the water turbine, the power generation system 3414 can include a water flow capture device, a shaft, a power distribution coupling, a first flywheel, a second flywheel, a pump motor, an accumulator, and a generator, etc.

[0169] Figure 30 and Figure 31 is illustrated as a system 3500 configured in a manner similar to that of Figure 29 system 3400. System 3500 includes fewer power generation systems and gates / gateways than Figure 29 system 3400, but is otherwise configured in a very similar manner.

[0170] Figure 32 Another system 3600 for power generation is shown, which utilizes at least two gates (such as the gates described in Figures 29 to 31 and / or Figure 29 gate 3494C) and the artificially configured walls as previously discussed, which concentrate and amplify the tidal flow. Figure 32 The concept of Figures 29 to 32Examples. For example, at least two gates may include a smaller (shorter) gate 3602 and a larger (wider) gate 3604. One or both of the smaller gate 3602 and the larger gate 3604 may be height adjustable as the height of the tidal water changes (such as by sliding along a specially configured wall section to raise and lower). The smaller gate 3602 and the larger gate 3604 may be positioned near a false shelf or other inclined area. Such a false shelf or ramp area may be in an area that intercepts water (e.g., an estuary or dam as previously described), allowing tidal flow to cross over the smaller gate 3602 and / or the larger gate 3604 and flow downward along the false shelf or ramp to a power generation assembly (e.g., examples of power generation units include Figure 29 those indicated as 3414 in and other examples previously provided). According to other examples, the false shelf or ramp may be located on the side of the gates 3602, 3604 opposite the area that intercepts water.

[0171] Using the system 3600, the intercepted water can be transferred to the sea in various ways as previously discussed for hydroelectric power generation, or can be returned to the dam for faster filling of the dam. The larger 3604 may be opened (lowered) during incoming tides to facilitate rapid filling of the intercepted water area and transfer of the tidal flow to the power generation assembly. However, during neap tides and times of slower tidal flow, such as during tidal ebb or tidal flood, the larger gate 3604 may be raised to block the water flow (keep the water in the intercepted water area), and a smaller volume of water may be siphoned over the smaller gate 3602 (whose height is adjustable as the water height changes) to the power generation assembly that may be positioned adjacent thereto. Thus, the system 3600 relies on the height adjustable gates 3602 and / or 3604 that can move with the tidal height to control the amount of tide entering and leaving the intercepted water area. The configuration of the gates may be adjusted by slowly adjusting the gate height via sliding or other movement of the smaller gate 3602 and / or the larger gate 3604 to maintain the movement (flow) of water to the power generation assembly. According to some examples, the heights of the smaller gate 3602 and the larger gate 3604 may be adjusted in combination with each other. Similarly, the goal may be to adjust the height of the smaller gate 3602 and / or the larger gate 3604 to maintain the flow of water from or to the intercepted water area and to the power generation assembly that may be located within the intercepted water area, adjacent to the intercepted water area, adjacent to the false shelf or ramp, and / or adjacent to the smaller gate 3602 and / or the larger gate 3604.

[0172] Each of the following non - limiting examples (referred to as aspects and / or techniques) may exist independently, or may be combined with one or more other examples in various arrangements or combinations.

[0173] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system for generating electricity using tide-generated water leading to an estuary system, the system comprising: a plurality of estuaries; a plurality of flow channels including at least one flow channel in communication with each of the plurality of estuaries; a plurality of dams selectively in communication with at least one of the plurality of flow channels, wherein at least two of the plurality of dams are configured to selectively receive some of the water generated by the tide and selectively discharge at least some of the water; and one or more water turbines positioned within or near one or both of an inlet leading to at least two of the plurality of dams and an outlet leading from at least two of the plurality of dams, each of the one or more water turbines having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load applied by the inflow or outflow of at least some of the water.

[0174] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system wherein the one or more water turbines include at least two water turbines, one of the at least two water turbines being located within one of the plurality of estuaries and the other of the at least two water turbines being located within one of the plurality of flow channels.

[0175] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system wherein the plurality of estuaries include a first estuary in communication with a first flow channel of the plurality of flow channels and a second estuary in communication with a second flow channel of the plurality of flow channels, wherein most of the water in the first flow channel and the first estuary bypasses the plurality of dams, and wherein most of the water in the second flow channel and the second estuary bypasses the plurality of dams.

[0176] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system wherein the outlet leading from at least two of the plurality of dams includes at least two outlets, one of the at least two outlets leading to the first estuary and the other of the at least two outlets leading to the first flow channel.

[0177] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system wherein at least two of the plurality of dams include a first dam, the first dam including the at least two outlets.

[0178] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system wherein at least two of the plurality of dams include a second dam, the second dam including a second set of at least two outlets, one of the second set of at least two outlets leading to the second estuary and the other of the second set of at least two outlets leading to the second flow channel.

[0179] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the plurality of dams includes at least a third dam that is selectively communicable with the first dam and the second dam.

[0180] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which one or more of the turbines are located within any two or more of the first estuary, the first flow channel, the second estuary, and the second flow channel.

[0181] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes a plurality of gates that selectively separate the plurality of dams from each other.

[0182] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes: a power distribution drive coupling configured to transmit the rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to divert hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a hydraulic fluid storage container configured to store the diverted hydraulic fluid in a pressurized manner; a hydraulic motor including a motor output configured to receive the hydraulic fluid stored in a pressurized manner and, in response, generate torque on the motor output; and a generator operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, wherein the generator generates electricity in response to at least one of rotation of the output shaft or torque of the motor output, or both.

[0183] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which one or more walls of the estuary system are shaped by human activity to amplify the water level of the water flow reaching the plurality of dams due to the tides.

[0184] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the water level within one or more of the plurality of dams is selectively controlled at least by an outlet.

[0185] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method for operating one or more water turbines to generate electricity, the method comprising: forming at least a portion of one or more walls to create a plurality of estuaries, a plurality of dams, and a plurality of flow channels; positioning the one or more water turbines near one or more of the plurality of dams, and within at least some of the plurality of estuaries and at least some of the plurality of flow channels; receiving water flow due to tides into the plurality of estuaries, the plurality of dams, and the plurality of flow channels; retaining the water within one or more of the plurality of dams; selectively releasing the water as a first outflow from one or more of the plurality of dams during high tide, wherein the outflow causes a first rotor of the one or more water turbines to rotate; and selectively releasing water as a second outflow from one or more of the plurality of dams during low tide, wherein the outflow causes a second rotor of the one or more water turbines to rotate.

[0186] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method wherein the first rotor is located within one of the plurality of estuaries and the second rotor is located within one of the plurality of flow channels.

[0187] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method wherein the plurality of estuaries includes a first estuary in communication with a first flow channel of the plurality of flow channels and a second estuary in communication with a second flow channel of the plurality of flow channels, wherein most of the water in the first flow channel and the first estuary bypasses the plurality of dams, and wherein most of the water in the second flow channel and the second estuary bypasses the plurality of dams.

[0188] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method wherein a first outflow from a first dam of the plurality of dams leads to the first estuary and the second outflow leads to the first flow channel.

[0189] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method wherein the first dam of the plurality of dams includes at least two outlets for the first outflow and the second outflow.

[0190] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method wherein the plurality of dams includes a second dam having a second set of at least two outlets, wherein one of the second set of at least two outlets is in communication with the second estuary and another of the second set of at least two outlets is in communication with the second flow channel.

[0191] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method in which the plurality of dams includes at least a third dam that is selectively communicable with the first dam and the second dam.

[0192] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method in which the one or more turbines include turbines located within any two or more of the first estuary, the first flow channel, the second estuary, and the second flow channel.

[0193] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method that further includes a plurality of gates that selectively separate the plurality of dams from each other.

[0194] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system for generating electricity from water flow generated by tides received by an estuary that is at least partially formed by human activity. The system includes: one or more walls; an obstruction, where the one or more walls and the obstruction together at least partially enclose an area to form the estuary; a flow channel configured for water flow exiting the estuary between the one or more walls and the obstruction; and one or more turbines located within a flow channel formed between the obstruction and the one or more walls, each of the one or more turbines having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load applied by water flow exiting the estuary.

[0195] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes: one or more flow channels formed in or near the obstruction and configured to receive at least water flow entering the estuary due to the tides; and one or more second turbines located within or near an opening of the one or more second flow channels, each of the one or more second turbines having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load applied by water flow entering the estuary due to the tides.

[0196] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes: a power distribution drive coupling configured to transmit the rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to divert hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a hydraulic fluid storage container configured to store the diverted hydraulic fluid under pressure; a hydraulic motor including a motor output configured to receive the hydraulic fluid stored under pressure and, in response, generate torque on the motor output; and a generator operatively coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, wherein the generator generates electricity in response to at least one of rotation of the output shaft or torque of the motor output, or both.

[0197] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes one or more wave generators positioned adjacent to or on the seawall side of the barrier.

[0198] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes one or more wind turbines positioned in or near the estuary.

[0199] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes one or more gates configured to be selectively opened and closed to control the flow of water to and from the estuary.

[0200] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system wherein the one or more gates are at least partially part of a dam that forms the flow channel.

[0201] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system wherein the one or more gates are positioned at one or more of the following locations: an entrance to the flow channel, within the flow channel, near or within a tunnel or passage through the barrier, and / or within a tunnel or passage through the barrier.

[0202] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system wherein the flow channel or at least one of one or more water turbines located within the flow channel has a venturi tube.

[0203] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system wherein at least one or both of the barrier and one or more walls of the estuary are shaped by human activity to amplify the flow of water due to the tides to a reservoir in fluid communication with the estuary.

[0204] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the reservoir has at least one gate to regulate water flow, and in which the water level in the reservoir is selectively raised or lowered by displacement caused by a bucket.

[0205] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least one or both of the obstacle or one or more walls of the estuary are shaped by human activity to amplify the water flow along the flow channel and out of the estuary.

[0206] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the estuary includes a plurality of estuaries, the plurality of estuaries being at least one of the following: joined together, interleaved in series, or arranged in parallel.

[0207] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least one of the plurality of estuaries has only a single flow channel for the water flow leaving the respective one of the plurality of estuaries.

[0208] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a power distribution transmission coupling that includes: a hub and a cam ring disposed between an input shaft and an output shaft, a hydraulic fluid disposed between the cam ring and the hub, wherein the hub includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced slots configured to receive a plurality of vanes therein, the plurality of vanes being configured to be movable between a retracted position and one or more extended positions therebetween; in the retracted position, the input shaft is rotatable independently of the output shaft; in the one or more extended positions, the plurality of vanes are configured to operate the hydraulic fluid at an adjustable torque ratio and transmit torque from the input shaft to the output shaft; an inlet port communicatively coupled to a hydraulic fluid source, the hydraulic fluid being transportable from the hydraulic fluid source to the power distribution transmission coupling; and an outlet port having a closed configuration and at least a partially open configuration, in response to the power applied to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power, the hydraulic fluid being releasable from the power distribution transmission coupling through the outlet port, wherein the released hydraulic fluid exits the power distribution transmission coupling and is stored under pressure.

[0209] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes: a compressor configured to compress a gas; and a plurality of pressure vessels, one or more of the plurality of pressure vessels being selectively in communication with the compressor, the plurality of pressure vessels including at least one chamber configured to hold a gas compressed to a relatively high gas pressure, at least one chamber configured to hold a gas compressed to a relatively low gas pressure relative to the high gas pressure, and at least one chamber configured to hold a gas compressed to an intermediate pressure relative to the high gas pressure and the low gas pressure.

[0210] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein at least one chamber configured to hold a gas compressed to a relatively low gas pressure includes a piston accumulator having a piston residing therein.

[0211] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein gas from one of at least one chamber configured to hold a gas compressed to a relatively high gas pressure and at least one chamber configured to hold a gas compressed to an intermediate pressure selectively drives movement of the piston within the piston accumulator.

[0212] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the piston accumulator is configured to hold the hydraulic fluid on a first side of the piston and is configured to hold the gas on a second side of the piston.

[0213] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the hydraulic motor is selectively in communication with the piston accumulator for storing the hydraulic fluid.

[0214] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the hydraulic motor is selectively driven by the hydraulic fluid stored in the piston accumulator.

[0215] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method for operating one or more water turbines to generate electricity, the method including: forming at least a portion of a barrier or one or more walls to create an estuary; positioning the one or more turbines within a channel formed between the barrier and the one or more walls of the plurality of portions forming the estuary; receiving a water flow resulting from a tide entering the estuary; retaining water within the estuary; and selectively releasing water as an out-flow along the channel formed between the barrier and the one or more walls, wherein the out-flow causes a rotor of the one or more turbines to rotate.

[0216] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method that further includes: adjusting a power distribution drive coupling to transfer torque from the rotor to a generator by working a hydraulic fluid, wherein the generator converts mechanical power into electrical power; transferring hydraulic fluid at high pressure from the power distribution drive coupling in response to the electrical power generated by the generator exceeding a threshold to maintain the electrical power generated by the generator at or below the threshold; storing the hydraulic fluid transferred from the power distribution drive coupling at high pressure in a storage container; and introducing the hydraulic fluid stored at high pressure into a hydraulic motor in response to the generator generating electrical power below the threshold, the hydraulic motor being operatively coupled to the generator and configured to transfer mechanical power to the generator for power generation.

[0217] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method that further includes one or more wave generators positioned on or near an obstacle.

[0218] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method that further includes positioning one or more wind turbines within or near the estuary.

[0219] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method that further includes providing one or more gates configured to be selectively opened and closed to control the flow of water to and from the estuary.

[0220] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method wherein providing one or more gates includes providing a dam, wherein the one or more gates are at least partially part of the barrel forming the flow channel.

[0221] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method wherein providing the one or more gates includes positioning the gates in one or more of the following locations: the entrance of the flow channel, within the flow channel, near a tunnel or passage through the obstacle, and / or within a tunnel or passage through the obstacle.

[0222] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method wherein at least one of the flow channel or one or more water turbines located within the flow channel has a Venturi tube.

[0223] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system for generating electricity using water generated by the tides going into an estuary. The system includes: one or more flow channels formed between the walls of the estuary and an obstruction, wherein the one or more flow channels are configured to receive the outflow of water from the estuary; and one or more water turbines located within the one or more flow channels, each of the one or more water turbines having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load applied by the outflow of water along the one or more flow channels from the tidal estuary.

[0224] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes: a power distribution drive coupling configured to transmit the rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to divert hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a hydraulic fluid storage container configured to store the diverted hydraulic fluid under pressure; a hydraulic motor including a motor output configured to receive the hydraulic fluid stored under pressure and, in response, generate torque on the motor output; and a generator operatively coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, wherein the generator generates electricity in response to at least one, or both, of the rotation of the output shaft or the torque of the motor output.

[0225] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes: one or more second channels passing through the obstruction, wherein the one or more second channels are configured to receive the inflow of water leading to the estuary.

[0226] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes one or more gates that regulate the inflow and outflow of water to and from the estuary.

[0227] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system wherein at least some of the one or more gates are part of a dam that forms at least one of the one or more channels or the one or more second channels.

[0228] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system wherein at least one of the one or more water turbines, the one or more flow channels, or the one or more second channels includes a Venturi tube.

[0229] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least one or both of the obstacle and one or more walls of the estuary are shaped by human activity to amplify the tidal flow leading to a reservoir in fluid communication with the estuary.

[0230] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the reservoir has at least one gate to regulate the water flow, and in which the water level within the reservoir is selectively raised or lowered by displacement of water in a bucket.

[0231] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least one or both of the obstacle or one or more walls of the estuary are shaped by human activity to amplify the water flow along the flow channel and out of the estuary.

[0232] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the estuary includes a plurality of estuaries that are at least one of the following: linked together, staggered in series, or arranged in parallel.

[0233] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least one of the plurality of estuaries has only a single flow channel for the water flow leaving the respective one of the plurality of estuaries.

[0234] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system for generating electricity from water flow due to tides received by an estuary that is at least partially formed by human activity, the system including: one or more walls; a bottom; one or more gates configured to be selectively opened and closed to control the water flow to and from the estuary, wherein the one or more walls, the bottom, and the one or more gates together enclose a volume including the estuary to capture water from the tides, at least one of the following: a water flow capture device, a pipe configured to receive the water flow leaving the estuary, or a reservoir; and one or more water turbines located at least one of the following locations: within the water flow capture device, at or near the outlet of the pipe, or at or adjacent to the outlet of the reservoir, wherein each of the one or more water turbines has a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load applied by the water flow leaving the estuary.

[0235] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the pipeline includes a plurality of pipes extending across at least a portion of the estuary, wherein each of the plurality of pipes is configured to receive a portion of the water due to the tides from the estuary.

[0236] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the reservoir includes a plurality of reservoirs that are selectively in communication with the estuary to receive water generated by the tides.

[0237] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the plurality of reservoirs includes at least two reservoirs that are selectively in communication via the opening of a gate or sluice.

[0238] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the water level in one or more of the plurality of reservoirs is selectively raised or lowered by the displacement of buckets.

[0239] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the buckets are filled during high tide and are selectively drained to change the water level in one or more of the plurality of reservoirs.

[0240] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes a second estuary that is selectively in communication with the estuary, that is open to the ocean, and that has an artificially modified bottom that is configured to amplify the water level due to the tides received by the estuary.

[0241] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the artificially modified bottom includes a ramp near the gate.

[0242] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes: a power distribution transmission coupling configured to transmit the rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to transfer hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a hydraulic fluid storage container configured to store the transferred hydraulic fluid under pressure; a hydraulic motor that includes a motor output configured to receive the hydraulic fluid stored under pressure and, in response, generate torque on the motor output; and a generator operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, wherein the generator generates electricity in response to at least one of the rotation of the output shaft or the torque of the motor output, or both.

[0243] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes one or more wave generators positioned near the estuary.

[0244] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes one or more wind turbines coupled to the one or more walls.

[0245] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which a water flow capture device forms a Venturi tube and the one or more water turbines are positioned within the Venturi tube.

[0246] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which one or more walls of the estuary are shaped by human activity to amplify the water level of the water flow leading to the water flow capture device due to the tides.

[0247] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system and 49 to 53, wherein the estuary includes a plurality of estuaries connected together by walls that form a second estuary leading to the ocean, wherein the second estuary has an artificially modified bottom.

[0248] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which one or more walls of the estuary are shaped by human activity to amplify the water level of the water flow leading to the plurality of reservoirs due to the tides.

[0249] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a power distribution transmission coupling that includes: a cam ring and a hub disposed between an input shaft and an output shaft; a hydraulic fluid disposed between the cam ring and the hub, wherein the hub includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced slots configured to receive a plurality of vanes therein, the plurality of vanes configured to be movable between a retracted position and one or more extended positions therebetween; in the retracted position, the input shaft is rotatable independently of the output shaft; in the one or more extended positions, the plurality of vanes are configured to operate the hydraulic fluid at an adjustable torque ratio and transmit torque from the input shaft to the output shaft; an inlet port coupled in communication with a hydraulic fluid source, the hydraulic fluid being deliverable from the hydraulic fluid source to the power distribution transmission coupling; and an outlet port having a closed configuration and at least a partially open configuration, in response to power applied to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power, the hydraulic fluid being releasable from the power distribution transmission coupling through the outlet port, wherein the released hydraulic fluid exits the power distribution transmission coupling and is stored under pressure.

[0250] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method for operating one or more water turbines to generate electricity, the method comprising: forming at least a portion of a floor or one or more walls to create an estuary; positioning the one or more water turbines near or within the estuary; receiving a water flow generated by a tide entering the estuary; retaining water within the estuary; and selectively releasing water as an outflow from the estuary, wherein the outflow causes a rotor of the one or more water turbines to rotate.

[0251] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein at least one of the one or more water turbines is part of: a water flow capture device, the water flow capture device being near or at an outlet of a pipe extending through the one or more walls, or near or at an outlet of a reservoir that communicates with the estuary and receives water from the estuary.

[0252] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein a water level within the reservoir is selectively raised or lowered by a bucket.

[0253] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the bucket is filled during high tide and selectively drained to change the water level within the reservoir.

[0254] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, the method further comprising: forming a second estuary that selectively communicates with the estuary, the second estuary being open to the ocean and having an artificially modified bottom configured to amplify a water level due to a tide received by the estuary.

[0255] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the artificially modified bottom includes a ramp.

[0256] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, the method further comprising: adjusting a power distribution drive coupling to transfer torque from the rotor to a generator by working a hydraulic fluid, wherein the generator converts mechanical power into electrical power; transferring a hydraulic fluid at high pressure from the power distribution drive coupling in response to electrical power generated by the generator exceeding a threshold to maintain the electrical power generated by the generator at the threshold or below the threshold; storing the hydraulic fluid transferred from the power distribution drive coupling at high pressure in a storage container; and introducing the hydraulic fluid stored at high pressure into a hydraulic motor in response to the generator generating electrical power below the threshold, the hydraulic motor being operably coupled to the generator and configured to transfer mechanical power to the generator to generate electricity.

[0257] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method that further includes positioning one or more wind turbines within or near the estuary.

[0258] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein selectively releasing the water includes causing the water to travel through a venturi to the one or more water turbines.

[0259] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system for generating electricity using water generated by tides to an estuary, the system comprising: a plurality of reservoirs in communication with the estuary, wherein the plurality of reservoirs are configured to receive water generated due to tides from the estuary; and one or more water turbines located within or near an outlet of one or more of the plurality of reservoirs, each of the one or more water turbines having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load applied by an out - flow of water from one or more of the plurality of reservoirs.

[0260] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes: a power - splitting transmission coupling configured to transmit the rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to transfer hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a hydraulic - fluid storage container configured to store the transferred hydraulic fluid under pressure; a hydraulic motor including a motor output configured to receive the hydraulic fluid stored under pressure and, in response, generate torque on the motor output; and a generator operatively coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, wherein the generator generates electricity in response to at least one of rotation of the output shaft or torque on the motor output, or both.

[0261] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein one or more walls of the estuary are shaped by human activity to amplify the water level of the water flow reaching the plurality of reservoirs due to the tides.

[0262] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the water level within one or more of the plurality of reservoirs is selectively raised or lowered by displacement by selectively movable buckets.

[0263] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the buckets are filled during high tide and selectively drained to change the water level within one or more of the plurality of reservoirs.

[0264] In some aspects, the described technology relates to a system for generating electricity using water generated by the tides leading to an estuary. The system may optionally include a plurality of reservoirs in communication with the estuary and one or more turbines. The plurality of reservoirs may each be partially formed by an artificially formed dam and may each be partially formed by a naturally formed land formation. The plurality of reservoirs may be configured to receive water generated due to the tides from the estuary. The one or more turbines may be located within or near a gate or passage of one or more of the plurality of reservoirs. Each of the one or more turbines may have a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load applied by an inflow or outflow of water from one or more of the plurality of reservoirs.

[0265] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system in which the estuary is at least partially artificially formed, has one or more artificially formed walls, and is at least partially formed by a naturally formed land formation.

[0266] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system that further includes: a power distribution transmission coupling configured to transmit the rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to transfer hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a hydraulic fluid storage container configured to store the transferred hydraulic fluid under pressure; a hydraulic motor including a motor output configured to receive the hydraulic fluid stored under pressure and, in response, generate torque on the motor output; and a generator operatively coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, wherein the generator generates electricity in response to at least one of the rotation of the output shaft or the torque of the motor output, or both.

[0267] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system in which one or more walls of at least one of the artificially formed dams are shaped by human activity to amplify the water level of the water flow reaching the plurality of reservoirs due to the tides.

[0268] The foregoing detailed description includes references to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the detailed description. The drawings illustrate, by way of example, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are also referred to herein as "examples." Such examples may include elements in addition to those shown or described. However, the inventors also envision or contemplate examples in which only those elements shown or described are provided. In addition, the inventors also envision or contemplate examples using any combination or arrangement of those elements (or one or more aspects thereof), either with respect to a particular example (or one or more aspects thereof), or with respect to other examples (or one or more aspects thereof) shown or described herein.

[0269] If there is any inconsistency in the usage between this document and any document incorporated by reference, the usage in this document shall prevail.

[0270] In this document, as is common in patent documents, the term "a" or "an" is used to include one or more than one, independently of any other instances or usages of "at least one" or "one or more." In this document, the term "or" is used to mean a non-exclusive or, such that "A or B" includes "A but not B," "B but not A," and "A and B," unless otherwise stated. In this document, the terms "including" and "in which" are used as the plain English equivalents of the respective terms "comprising" and "wherein." Further, in the appended claims, the terms "including" and "comprising" are open-ended, i.e., a system, apparatus, article, composition, improvement, or process that includes elements in addition to those listed after such a term in a claim is still considered to fall within the scope of that claim. Further, in the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc. are used merely as labels and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.

[0271] The method examples described herein can be implemented, at least in part, by a machine or a computer. Some examples can include a computer-readable medium or a machine-readable medium encoded with operative instructions to configure an electronic device to perform the methods described in the above examples. Implementations of such methods can include code, such as microcode, assembly language code, high-level language code, etc. Such code can include computer-readable instructions for performing various methods. The code can form part of a computer program product. Additionally, in an example, the code can be tangibly stored on one or more volatile, non-transitory, or non-volatile tangible computer-readable media, such as during execution or at other times. Examples of such tangible computer-readable media can include, but are not limited to, hard disks, removable disks, removable optical disks (e.g., optical disks and digital video disks), magnetic cassettes, memory cards or memory sticks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), etc.

[0272] The above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. For example, the examples described above (or one or more aspects thereof) can be used in combination with each other. After reviewing the above description, other embodiments can be used, such as by one of ordinary skill in the art. The abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R § 1.72(b) to enable the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. There is an understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Additionally, in the above detailed description, various features can be combined together to simplify the disclosure. This should not be construed to mean that the disclosed features not claimed are necessary for any claim. Rather, the subject matter of the invention can lie in less than all of the features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are incorporated into the detailed description as examples or embodiments, where each claim stands on its own as a separate embodiment, and it is contemplated that these embodiments can be combined with each other in various combinations or permutations. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims and the full scope of equivalents to which those claims are entitled.

Claims

1. A system for generating electricity using water produced by tides leading to an estuary system, the system comprising: a plurality of estuaries; a plurality of flow channels, the plurality of flow channels including at least one flow channel in communication with each of the plurality of estuaries; a plurality of dams, the plurality of dams selectively in communication with at least one of the plurality of flow channels, wherein at least two of the plurality of dams are configured to selectively receive some of the water produced by the tides and selectively discharge at least some of the water; and one or more water turbines, the one or more water turbines being positioned within or near one or both of an inlet leading to at least two of the plurality of dams and an outlet leading from at least two of the plurality of dams, each of the one or more water turbines having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load applied by an inflow or outflow of at least some of the water.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein The one or more water turbines include at least two water turbines, one of the at least two water turbines being located within one of the plurality of estuaries and the other of the at least two water turbines being located within one of the plurality of flow channels.

3. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein, The plurality of estuaries include a first estuary in communication with a first flow channel of the plurality of flow channels and a second estuary in communication with a second flow channel of the plurality of flow channels, wherein most of the water in the first flow channel and the first estuary bypasses the plurality of dams, and wherein most of the water in the second flow channel and the second estuary bypasses the plurality of dams.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein, The outlet leading from at least two of the plurality of dams includes at least two outlets, one of the at least two outlets leading to the first estuary and the other of the at least two outlets leading to the first flow channel.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein, At least two of the plurality of dams include a first dam, the first dam including the at least two outlets.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein At least two of the plurality of dams include a second dam, the second dam including a second set of at least two outlets, one of the second set of at least two outlets leading to the second estuary and the other of the second set of at least two outlets leading to the second flow channel.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein The plurality of dams includes at least a third dam selectively in communication with the first dam and the second dam.

8. The system according to any one of claims 6 to 7, wherein, The one or more water turbines include water turbines located within any two or more of the first estuary, the first flow channel, the second estuary, and the second flow channel.

9. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a plurality of gates selectively separating the plurality of dams from each other.

10. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising: a power distribution transmission coupling configured to transmit the rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to transfer hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a hydraulic fluid storage container configured to store the transferred hydraulic fluid in a pressurized manner; A hydraulic motor, the hydraulic motor including a motor output member configured to receive pressurized hydraulic fluid stored therein and, in response, generate torque on the motor output member; and a generator operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output member, wherein the generator generates electrical power in response to at least one of rotation of the output shaft or torque of the motor output member, or both.

11. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, One or more walls of the estuary system are shaped by human activity so as to amplify the water level of the water flow reaching the plurality of dams due to the tides.

12. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The water level within one or more of the plurality of dams is selectively controlled at least by an outlet.

13. A method for operating one or more water turbines for power generation, the method comprising: forming at least a portion of one or more walls to create a plurality of estuaries, a plurality of dams, and a plurality of flow channels; positioning the one or more water turbines near one or more of the plurality of dams and within at least some of the plurality of estuaries and at least some of the plurality of flow channels; receiving water flow entering the plurality of estuaries, the plurality of dams, and the plurality of flow channels due to tides; holding the water within one or more of the plurality of dams; selectively releasing the water as a first outflow from one or more of the plurality of dams during high tide, wherein the outflow rotates a first rotor of the one or more water turbines; and selectively releasing water as a second outflow from one or more of the plurality of dams during low tide, wherein the outflow rotates a second rotor of the one or more water turbines.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, The first rotor is located within one of the plurality of estuaries, and the second rotor is located within one of the plurality of flow channels.

15. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 14, wherein The plurality of estuaries includes a first estuary communicating with a first flow channel of the plurality of flow channels and a second estuary communicating with a second flow channel of the plurality of flow channels, wherein most of the water in the first flow channel and the first estuary bypasses the plurality of dams, and wherein most of the water in the second flow channel and the second estuary bypasses the plurality of dams.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein, A first outflow from a first dam of the plurality of dams leads to the first estuary, and the second outflow leads to the first flow channel.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, The first dam of the plurality of dams includes at least two outlets for the first outflow and the second outflow.

18. The method according to any one of claims 16 or 17, wherein The plurality of dams includes a second dam having a second set of at least two outlets, wherein one outlet of the second set of at least two outlets communicates with the second estuary, and the other outlet of the second set of at least two outlets communicates with the second flow channel.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein, The plurality of dams includes at least a third dam selectively communicating with the first dam and the second dam.

20. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 19, wherein The one or more water turbines include water turbines located within any two or more of the first estuary, the first flow channel, the second estuary, and the second flow channel.

21. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 20 further comprises a plurality of gates selectively separating a plurality of dams from each other.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein The plurality of gates includes a first gate having a first width and a second gate having a second width, wherein one or more of the plurality of gates are height adjustable to be selectively raised and lowered to control at least some of the water flowing into at least one of the plurality of river mouths or flowing out from at least one of the plurality of river mouths.

23. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 12 further comprises a plurality of doors, the plurality of doors including a first door having a first width and a second door having a second width, wherein one or more of the plurality of doors are height adjustable to be selectively raised and lowered to control at least some of the water flowing into at least one of the plurality of river mouths or flowing out from at least one of the plurality of river mouths.

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