Emergency lubricating device for speed reducer, lubricating system and helicopter

Abstract

The invention discloses a speed reducer emergency lubricating device, a lubricating system and a helicopter, and belongs to the technical field of helicopters.The speed reducer emergency lubricating device comprises an oil inlet nozzle, an oil storage tank, an oil dripping nozzle and a friction pair unit; the oil inlet nozzle is installed in the speed reducer casing and communicates with an oil inlet flow channel in the speed reducer casing. The oil storage tank is mounted on the speed reducer casing; the oil inlet nozzle is communicated with the oil storage tank; an oil dripping nozzle is mounted on the oil storage tank; and the oil dripping nozzle is connected with the friction pair unit. The oil storage tank and the oil dripping nozzle are arranged in the speed reducer, and the oil dripping time is controlled according to the volume of the oil storage tank and the hole diameter of the oil dripping hole; emergency lubrication with the controllable time length is provided for a key friction pair in a gravity oil dripping mode of the oil storage tank, the amount of lubricating oil needed in the emergency state is smaller, the number of parts needing to be additionally increased is small, and the weight cost is lower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of helicopters, and particularly relates to an emergency lubrication device for a speed reducer, a lubrication system and a helicopter. Background Art

[0002] During the flight of a helicopter, extreme situations may occur, leading to the failure of the lubricating oil system of the transmission speed reducer. For example, components such as the oil circuit, lubricating oil cooling device, and oil sump may cause a large amount of lubricating oil leakage due to some reasons, and the lubricating oil pump may fail. In this case, the gears and bearings will enter a state of lack of oil or even dry grinding, and their temperature rise will increase correspondingly in a short time or even fail, seriously endangering flight safety.

[0003] At present, the dry running capacity of most speed reducers is between 30 minutes and 45 minutes. Emergency lubrication can be designed to extend the dry running time of the speed reducer, which can effectively improve the safety and reliability of the helicopter.

[0004] At present, the main implementation methods of conventional emergency lubrication systems mainly include main - auxiliary dual - redundancy lubrication and oil - core centrifugal oil throwing lubrication.

[0005] The main - auxiliary dual - redundancy lubrication system adds an auxiliary lubricating oil pump on the basis of the main lubricating oil pump. The main and auxiliary lubricating oil pumps are independent of each other. The suction port of the main lubricating oil pump is relatively high, and the lubricating oil passes through components such as a lubricating oil filter and a radiator, and the cooled lubricating oil is sprayed through a nozzle. The suction port of the auxiliary lubricating oil pump is relatively low, and the lubricating oil does not pass through the radiator and the lubricating oil filter, and the uncooled lubricating oil is sprayed through a nozzle. Under normal circumstances, the auxiliary lubricating oil pump works, but due to the closing of the reversing valve, the pressurized lubricating oil overflows through a pressure regulating valve in parallel with it and does not produce actual lubrication effect. When the external pipeline of the main oil circuit leaks and the lubricating oil pressure of the speed reducer is relatively low, at this time, the reversing valve opens. Since the suction port of the auxiliary oil circuit is relatively low, it can still continue to suck oil and work for a period of time. The lubricating oil pressurized by the auxiliary lubricating oil pump directly flows to each nozzle, and the unfiltered and uncooled lubricating oil is used to lubricate each friction pair.

[0006] Oil - core centrifugal oil throwing lubrication is to set an oil core at the rotating shaft of key and easily - failed parts (such as the input stage or planetary gear train) to improve the dry running capacity of the speed reducer. The oil - core material is generally a microporous polymer, which can adsorb a certain amount of lubricating oil and continuously release the lubricating oil through centrifugal force. When the lubrication system of the speed reducer fails, it can still work for a period of time through the lubricating oil stored in the oil core.

[0007] For the main - auxiliary dual - redundancy lubrication system, since the pipelines and nozzles in the normal state are still used, the amount of lubricating oil required in the emergency state is relatively large, and generally the emergency fuel tank is small, so the emergency working time in this way is short.

[0008] For oil wick centrifugal oil throwing lubrication, since the oil wick is placed inside the rotating shaft, the release rate and duration are very limited, and the initial value of the lubricating oil release rate is large and decreases significantly over time. This method has very limited effect on improving the dry running ability, and has relatively high requirements for the temperature resistance of the oil wick, the dynamic balance of the components with the oil wick, and the integrity of the oil wick components (the oil wick is not allowed to break away during high-speed operation). Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of the above problems, the present invention discloses an emergency lubrication device for a speed reducer, comprising: an oil inlet nozzle, an oil storage tank, an oil dripping nozzle and a friction pair unit;

[0010] The oil inlet nozzle is installed on the speed reducer housing and is communicated with the oil inlet flow channel inside the speed reducer housing;

[0011] The oil storage tank is installed on the speed reducer housing;

[0012] The oil inlet nozzle is communicated with the oil storage tank;

[0013] The oil storage tank is provided with an oil dripping nozzle;

[0014] The oil dripping nozzle is connected with the friction pair unit.

[0015] Furthermore, the oil inlet nozzle comprises a mounting plate and an oil inlet cylinder;

[0016] The mounting plate and the oil inlet cylinder are fixedly connected;

[0017] One end of the mounting plate is provided with a mounting hole;

[0018] The interior of the oil inlet cylinder is hollow, an oil inlet hole is formed in the side wall, and an oil outlet hole is formed at the bottom; the oil inlet hole is communicated with the oil outlet hole;

[0019] The oil inlet hole is communicated with the oil inlet flow channel inside the speed reducer housing;

[0020] The oil outlet hole is communicated with the oil storage tank.

[0021] Furthermore, the oil inlet nozzle further comprises a first O-ring groove, a second O-ring groove and a chamfer;

[0022] The first O-ring groove and the second O-ring groove are arranged on the oil inlet cylinder at intervals;

[0023] Sealing rings are arranged in the first O-ring groove and the second O-ring groove;

[0024] A chamfer is formed on the side wall of the mounting plate.

[0025] Furthermore, the oil inlet nozzle is integrally L-shaped.

[0026] Further, one end of the oil dripping nozzle is provided with an oil dripping hole and an oil retaining dam;

[0027] The oil retaining dam is located between the oil dripping hole and the oil storage tank, and is close to the oil dripping hole.

[0028] Further, the diameter range of the oil dripping hole is 0.4 - 1.2 mm.

[0029] Further, the friction pair unit includes a gear shaft, a first bearing and a second bearing;

[0030] The gear shaft is installed on the reducer casing;

[0031] The interior of the gear shaft is hollow, and a plurality of through holes are opened on the side wall; the through holes are used to supply lubricating oil to the first bearing and the second bearing;

[0032] The oil dripping nozzle extends into the gear shaft;

[0033] The gear shaft is provided with a first bearing and a second bearing.

[0034] Further, the oil storage tank is connected to the reducer casing through a self-locking nut, a gasket and a bolt.

[0035] The present invention also discloses a lubrication system, including the above-mentioned reducer emergency lubrication device.

[0036] The present invention also discloses a helicopter, including the above-mentioned lubrication system.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages: By arranging an emergency oil storage tank and an oil dripping nozzle at the internal space position of the reducer, it can be flexibly arranged and the oil dripping duration can be controlled by the volume of the oil storage tank and the aperture of the oil dripping hole; By opening a plurality of through holes on the gear shaft, the lubricating oil enters the friction pair under the action of centrifugal force to realize the emergency lubrication of the friction pair; Compared with the main and auxiliary dual-redundancy lubrication system, the method of dripping oil by the gravity of the oil storage tank can provide emergency lubrication with a controllable duration for the key friction pair, the amount of lubricating oil required in the emergency state is less, and the additional parts to be added are fewer and the weight cost is smaller; Compared with the oil core centrifugal oil throwing lubrication, it does not affect the dynamic balance of the original moving parts, the emergency lubrication amount is relatively sufficient and is basically not affected by the rotational speed of the lubricated part.

[0038] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following specification, and, in part, will be obvious from the specification, or will be understood by implementing the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be achieved and obtained through the structures pointed out in the specification and the drawings. Description of the Drawings

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 Shows the structural schematic diagram of the reducer emergency lubrication device according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0041] Figure 2 Shows the structural schematic diagram of the reducer emergency lubrication device according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0042] Figure 3 Shows the structural schematic diagram of the oil storage tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 Shows the structural schematic diagram of the oil inlet nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 Shows the structural schematic diagram of the gear windshield according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 Shows the structural schematic diagram of the integrated oil storage tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 Shows the structural schematic diagram of the oil dripping nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 Shows the structural schematic diagram of the oil dripping hole and the oil retaining dam according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 9 Shows the installation schematic diagram of the oil storage tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Reference numerals: 1, reducer housing; 2, oil inlet nozzle; 2-1, mounting hole; 2-2, first O-ring groove; 2-3, second O-ring groove; 2-4, oil inlet hole; 2-5, chamfer; 2-6, oil outlet hole; 3, oil storage tank; 4, oil dripping nozzle; 4-1, oil dripping hole; 4-2, oil retaining dam; 5, gear shaft; 6, first bearing; 7, second bearing; 8, self-locking nut; 9, gasket; 10, bolt. Detailed implementation manners

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 1 The structural schematic of the emergency lubrication device for a speed reducer according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown Figure 1 ; Figure 2 The structural schematic of the emergency lubrication device for a speed reducer according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown Figure 2 As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, an emergency lubrication device for a speed reducer proposed in an embodiment of the present invention includes: an oil inlet nozzle 2, an oil storage tank 3, a drip nozzle 4, and a friction pair unit;

[0052] The oil inlet nozzle 2 is installed on the speed reducer housing 1 and is communicated with the oil inlet flow channel inside the speed reducer housing 1;

[0053] The oil storage tank 3 is installed on the speed reducer housing 1;

[0054] The oil inlet nozzle 2 is communicated with the oil storage tank 3;

[0055] As Figure 3 shown, a drip nozzle 4 is installed on the oil storage tank 3;

[0056] The drip nozzle 4 is connected to the friction pair unit.

[0057] An emergency lubrication device for a speed reducer of the present invention can be flexibly arranged by setting an emergency oil storage tank 3 and a drip nozzle 4 at the internal space position of the speed reducer, and the drip duration can be controlled by the volume of the oil storage tank 3 and the aperture of the drip hole 4-1; compared with the main and auxiliary dual-redundancy lubrication system, the oil storage tank 3 is always in a dripping state by using the lubricating oil under normal lubrication conditions to fill the oil storage tank 3. The method of dripping oil by the gravity of the oil storage tank 3 can provide emergency lubrication with a controllable duration for key friction pairs. Less lubricating oil is required in the emergency state, and fewer additional components need to be added, and the weight cost is smaller; compared with the oil core centrifugal oil throwing lubrication, it does not affect the dynamic balance of the original moving parts, the emergency lubrication amount is relatively sufficient and is basically not affected by the rotational speed of the lubricated parts. The oil storage tank 3 can be flexibly designed by additive manufacturing in combination with the structure and internal space of the speed reducer, and can be selected and installed according to the dry running performance requirements of the speed reducer, basically without affecting the original structure of the speed reducer, the outer contour size of the speed reducer, and the weight cost is small.

[0058] An emergency lubrication device for a speed reducer proposed by the present invention mainly includes three parts: oil inlet, oil storage, and oil dripping. For the oil inlet, a separate pressure spray hole can be set, and the hole diameter should be as small as possible (such as about 0.6 mm) to reduce the proportion of the emergency flow rate relative to the normal flow rate of the system. Alternatively, the lubricating oil after lubricating the original lubrication point can also be selected.

[0059] As Figure 4 shown, in some embodiments, the oil inlet nozzle 2 includes a mounting plate and an oil inlet cylinder;

[0060] The mounting plate and the oil inlet cylinder are fixedly connected; an integrally formed design can be adopted; the lower part of the oil inlet cylinder is conical and extends into the integrated oil storage tank 3 to ensure that the lubricating oil under normal working conditions can smoothly enter the integrated oil storage tank 3.

[0061] One end of the mounting plate is provided with a mounting hole 2-1; the mounting plate is mounted on the speed reducer housing 1 through the mounting hole 2-1;

[0062] The interior of the oil inlet cylinder is hollow, an oil inlet hole 2-4 is provided on the side wall, and an oil outlet hole 2-6 is provided at the bottom; the oil inlet hole 2-4 is communicated with the oil outlet hole 2-6;

[0063] The oil inlet hole 2-4 is communicated with the oil inlet flow channel inside the speed reducer housing 1;

[0064] The oil outlet hole 2-6 is communicated with the oil storage tank 3.

[0065] In some embodiments, the oil inlet nozzle 2 further includes a first O-ring groove 2-2, a second O-ring groove 2-3, and a chamfer 2-5;

[0066] The first O-ring groove 2-2 and the second O-ring groove 2-3 are arranged at intervals on the oil inlet cylinder and are respectively located above and below the oil inlet hole 2-4;

[0067] O-ring seals are arranged in the first O-ring groove 2-2 and the second O-ring groove 2-3 to achieve sealing;

[0068] A chamfer 2-5 is provided on the side wall of the mounting plate to facilitate disassembly.

[0069] In some embodiments, the oil inlet nozzle 2 is integrally L-shaped.

[0070] As Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown, in some embodiments, one end of the oil dripping nozzle 4 is provided with an oil dripping hole 4-1 and an oil retaining dam 4-2;

[0071] The oil retaining dam 4-2 is located between the oil dripping hole 4-1 and the oil storage tank 3 and is close to the oil dripping hole 4-1.

[0072] The oil retaining dam 4-2 is mainly used to prevent the lubricating oil from flowing back along the outer wall of the oil drip nozzle 4 during oil dripping, which causes the oil dripping to fail to reach the target position or the oil dripping position to be uncontrollable.

[0073] In addition, the shape of the oil drip nozzle 4 is designed according to the matching of the space result and the target oil drip position. According to the processing capacity, the oil drip nozzle 4 can also be integrated with the oil storage tank 3 (such as Figure 6 ).

[0074] In some embodiments, the diameter of the oil dripping hole 4 - 1 ranges from 0.4 to 1.2 mm, and the hole diameter can be appropriately increased if necessary.

[0075] In some embodiments, the friction pair unit includes a gear shaft 5 , a first bearing 6 and a second bearing 7 ;

[0076] The gear shaft 5 is mounted on the reducer casing 1;

[0077] The gear shaft 5 is hollow inside, and a plurality of through holes are provided on the side wall bearings; the through holes are used to supply lubricating oil to the first bearing 6 and the second bearing 7; illustratively, 6-8 through holes are provided in the circumferential direction of the bearing mounting portion of the gear shaft 5.

[0078] The oil drip nozzle 4 extends into the gear shaft 5;

[0079] The gear shaft 5 is provided with a first bearing 6 and a second bearing 7 .

[0080] By opening multiple through-holes in the gear shaft 5 and utilizing the centrifugal force of the high-speed rotation of the gear shaft 5, lubricating oil enters the friction pair through the through-holes, achieving emergency lubrication of the friction pair. Furthermore, an oil dam is provided within the inner cavity of the gear shaft 5, allowing a certain amount of lubricating oil to accumulate along the inner wall of the gear shaft 5, achieving better lubrication.

[0081] like Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the oil storage tank 3 is connected to the reducer casing 1 through a self-locking nut 8, a washer 9 and a bolt 10. The oil storage tank 3 is a built-in, thin-walled structure.

[0082] It should be noted that the installation and layout of the oil storage tank 3 should follow general mechanical design principles, such as the minimum distance between moving and static parts, and consider the potential deformation caused by high temperature and thin walls to prevent collision during use.

[0083] Since the oil storage tank 3 is a non-structural load-bearing component, additive manufacturing can be used. Its outer contour shape and the shape of the oil dripping nozzle 4 can be flexibly designed according to the internal space conditions of the reducer and actual needs. In particularly complex cases, when the shape of the oil dripping nozzle 4 is extremely complex in order to deliver the lubricating oil to the target position, in order to reduce the manufacturing difficulty, the oil dripping nozzle 4 can also be separately 3D printed and connected to the box body of the oil storage tank 3, and a sealing ring is arranged at the connection.

[0084] Since the oil storage tank 3 is an in-built type, multiple factors such as internal space, installation method, and proximity to the parts requiring emergency lubrication need to be comprehensively considered. When it is difficult to design the oil storage tank 3 separately, it can also be integrated with other relevant structural components, such as Figure 6 The shown case is that the oil storage tank 3 can be integrated with the gear windshield (such as Figure 5 ). In this case, the oil storage tank 3 is integrated with the gear windshield. Without substantially changing the shape of the inner wall of the windshield, the spare space around the windshield and the installation fasteners are fully utilized. It has both the function of the windshield and the function of storing oil.

[0085] Furthermore, the in-built oil storage tank 3 is a thin-walled structure and can be formed by additive manufacturing (3D printing) using a temperature-resistant material (not lower than 150 °C). An oil inlet is arranged above the in-built oil storage tank 3. After the lubricating oil is filled up, the lubricating oil can overflow from the oil inlet.

[0086] The embodiment of the present invention also discloses a lubrication system, including the emergency lubrication device for the reducer described above.

[0087] The embodiment of the present invention also discloses a helicopter, including the lubrication system described above.

[0088] The working process of an emergency lubrication device for a reducer according to the present invention is as follows:

[0089] The oil supply flows through the flow channel in the reducer housing 1 to the oil inlet nozzle 2. Then, the lubricating oil enters the in-built oil storage tank 3 through the oil inlet nozzle 2. The lower part of the oil storage tank 3 is connected with an oil dripping nozzle 4. The lubricating oil enters the inside of the gear shaft 5 under the action of gravity. When the gear shaft 5 rotates at a high speed, the lubricating oil enters the first bearing 6 and the second bearing 7 through the through holes on the gear shaft 5 under the action of centrifugal force, realizing the lubrication of the first bearing 6 and the second bearing 7 in an emergency state.

[0090] Under normal working conditions, since the pressure oil supply speed is much greater than the oil dripping speed of the oil dripping nozzle 4, the in-built oil storage tank 3 will be filled with lubricating oil. When entering the emergency state (the oil supply fails due to the failure of the lubrication system and no oil is supplied at the oil inlet), the lubricating oil in the oil storage tank 3 will continuously enter the gear shaft 5 through the oil dripping nozzle 4 under the action of gravity to supply oil to the first bearing 6 and the second bearing 7.

[0091] It should be noted that the above embodiments show a possible typical structure. Under the condition of maintaining the same idea, there are other general expansions or simplifications according to specific situations, including but not limited to the following situations:

[0092] 1) According to the needs of the emergency target point, the oil storage tank 3 can be connected to multiple oil dripping nozzles 4 or multiple oil dripping holes 4-1 are provided on the oil dripping nozzle 4 to lubricate multiple friction pairs (such as bearings or gears, etc.) under emergency conditions.

[0093] 2) The shape of the oil storage tank 3 changes according to the internal space condition of the reducer.

[0094] 3) The oil inlet of the oil storage tank 3 uses the lubricating oil after the lubrication of other friction pairs for "pouring", without the need to set an oil inlet nozzle 2.

[0095] 4) Do not set the oil dripping nozzle 4, and directly punch holes on the oil storage tank 3 to achieve oil dripping.

[0096] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An emergency lubrication device for a speed reducer, characterized in that, Comprising: An oil inlet nozzle (2), an oil storage tank (3), an oil dripping nozzle (4) and a friction pair unit; The oil inlet nozzle (2) is installed on the reducer housing (1) and communicates with the oil inlet flow passage inside the reducer housing (1); The oil storage tank (3) is installed on the reducer housing (1); The oil inlet nozzle (2) communicates with the oil storage tank (3); An oil dripping nozzle (4) is installed on the oil storage tank (3); The oil dripping nozzle (4) is connected to the friction pair unit.

2. The emergency lubrication device for a speed reducer according to claim 1, wherein The oil inlet nozzle (2) includes a mounting plate and an oil inlet cylinder; The mounting plate and the oil inlet cylinder are fixedly connected; One end of the mounting plate is provided with a mounting hole (2-1); The interior of the oil inlet cylinder is hollow, an oil inlet hole (2-4) is provided on the side wall, and an oil outlet hole (2-6) is provided at the bottom; the oil inlet hole (2-4) communicates with the oil outlet hole (2-6); The oil inlet hole (2-4) communicates with the oil inlet flow passage inside the reducer housing (1); The oil outlet hole (2-6) communicates with the oil storage tank (3).

3. The emergency lubrication device for a speed reducer according to claim 2, wherein The oil inlet nozzle (2) further includes a first O-ring groove (2-2), a second O-ring groove (2-3) and a chamfer (2-5); The first O-ring groove (2-2) and the second O-ring groove (2-3) are spaced apart on the oil inlet cylinder; Sealing rings are provided in the first O-ring groove (2-2) and the second O-ring groove (2-3); A chamfer (2-5) is provided on the side wall of the mounting plate.

4. The emergency lubrication device for a speed reducer according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The oil inlet nozzle (2) is integrally L-shaped.

5. The emergency lubrication device for a speed reducer according to claim 1, wherein One end of the oil dripping nozzle (4) is provided with an oil dripping hole (4-1) and an oil retaining dam (4-2); The oil retaining dam (4-2) is located between the oil dripping hole (4-1) and the oil storage tank (3) and is close to the oil dripping hole (4-1).

6. The emergency lubrication device for a speed reducer according to claim 5, wherein The diameter range of the oil dripping hole (4-1) is 0.4 - 1.2 mm.

7. The emergency lubrication device for a speed reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The friction pair unit includes a gear shaft (5), a first bearing (6) and a second bearing (7); The gear shaft (5) is installed on the reducer housing (1); The interior of the gear shaft (5) is hollow, and a plurality of through holes are provided on the side wall; the through holes are used to supply lubricating oil to the first bearing (6) and the second bearing (7); The oil dripping nozzle (4) extends into the gear shaft (5); The first bearing (6) and the second bearing (7) are provided on the gear shaft (5).

8. The emergency lubrication device for a speed reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil storage tank (3) is connected to the reducer housing (1) through a self-locking nut (8), a gasket (9) and a bolt (10).

9. A lubrication system, characterized in that, Comprising the reducer emergency lubrication device according to any one of claims 1 - 8.

10. A helicopter, characterized in that, Comprising the lubrication system according to claim 9.

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