Hydrogen environment sealing structure leakage characteristic test system

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen environment sealing structure leakage characteristic test system, and relates to the technical field of gas leakage monitoring, the hydrogen environment sealing structure leakage characteristic test system comprises a gas supply assembly, a leakage assembly, a sealing structure, a multi-parameter measurement assembly and a hydrogen leakage rate measurement assembly, the gas supply assembly comprises a hydrogen storage container and a gas filling pipeline, the hydrogen storage container is used for storing hydrogen, and the gas filling pipeline is used for filling gas; a gas outlet of the hydrogen storage container is communicated with a first end of the gas filling pipeline, the leakage assembly comprises a leakage joint, the leakage joint is communicated with a second end of the gas filling pipeline, and the leakage joint is used for leaking hydrogen into the sealing structure; the multi-parameter measuring assembly comprises multiple different types of measuring devices and is used for measuring different parameters of leaked hydrogen in the sealing structure, and the hydrogen leakage rate measuring assembly is connected with the sealing structure and is used for measuring the hydrogen leakage rate. According to the invention, online real-time monitoring of hydrogen leakage can be realized, and effective data support is provided for improving the accuracy of leakage monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gas leakage monitoring, and particularly to a test system for leakage characteristics of a sealing structure in a hydrogen environment. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of clean energy, the development of hydrogen storage and transportation technologies has received extensive attention. With the increasing proportion of the use of hydrogen storage and transportation equipment, hydrogen storage and transportation safety has drawn high attention. Hydrogen, as a small molecule gas, is easy to permeate and prone to leakage through tiny gaps. The accumulation of leaked hydrogen in a closed or poorly ventilated environment will increase the explosion risk. Hydrogen has the characteristics of high leakage risk and strong concealment in the whole chain of production, storage, transportation and use. The production and storage of hydrogen are accident-prone links. The sealing structure parts in hydrogen storage and transportation equipment include a large number of sealing valves, flanges, pipeline welds, etc. with dense positions. Micro-leakage of hydrogen is extremely likely to occur at the joints of these sealing components. In addition, hydrogen has strong damage ability and easily deteriorates the mechanical properties of steel components such as pipelines, valves, flanges and seals in hydrogen storage and transportation equipment. Therefore, the connection sealing points in the confined spaces involved in hydrogen storage and transportation equipment are the key areas for hydrogen leakage monitoring.

[0003] The sealing structure of hydrogen storage and transportation equipment is prone to permeation and micro-gap leakage. By using various online active monitoring technologies such as piezoelectric and optical fiber, data such as leaked gas, vibration, sound wave, pressure, flow rate, and temperature can be directly or indirectly used to judge whether there is leakage. However, most of the current sensing elements only monitor a single parameter and make leakage correlations based on this, resulting in great uncertainty.

[0004] Therefore, a test system for leakage characteristics of a sealing structure in a hydrogen environment is provided to solve the above problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a test system for leakage characteristics of a sealing structure in a hydrogen environment to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and to realize on-line real-time monitoring of hydrogen leakage, providing effective data support for improving the accuracy of leakage monitoring.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a test system for the leakage characteristics of a hydrogen environment sealing structure, which includes a gas supply component, a leakage component, a sealing structure, a multi-parameter measurement component, and a hydrogen leakage rate measurement component. Among them, the gas supply component includes a hydrogen storage container and a charging pipeline. The hydrogen storage container is used to store hydrogen, and the gas outlet of the hydrogen storage container is connected to the first end of the charging pipeline. The leakage component includes a leakage joint, and the leakage joint is connected to the second end of the charging pipeline. The leakage joint is used to leak hydrogen into the sealing structure; the multi-parameter measurement component includes various different types of measuring devices for measuring different parameters of the leaked hydrogen in the sealing structure, and the hydrogen leakage rate measurement component is connected to the sealing structure for measuring the hydrogen leakage rate.

[0008] Preferably, the hydrogen storage container is a high-pressure gas cylinder, and a pressure gauge and a pressure reducing valve are also provided on the charging pipeline; the leakage component further includes a leakage pipeline, one end of the leakage pipeline is connected to the charging pipeline, and the other end of the leakage pipeline is connected to the leakage joint.

[0009] Preferably, the leakage aperture of the leakage joint is 0.1 mm to 1 mm, and the leakage rate is 0.1 mL / min to 10 mL / min.

[0010] Preferably, the sealing structure is a flange sealing structure. The flange sealing structure includes a flange cavity and a flange assembly. The flange assembly is arranged at the opening of the flange cavity. The flange assembly includes a upper flange and a lower flange that are buckled together. The upper flange and the lower flange are locked by bolts, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the upper flange and the lower flange;

[0011] Among them, an exhaust hole is further arranged on the upper flange, and a gas release valve is also arranged at the exhaust hole.

[0012] Preferably, a pre-tightening force sensor is further included. The pre-tightening force sensor is arranged below the bolt, and a plurality of them are evenly distributed along the circumference of the flange assembly for real-time monitoring of the pre-tightening force applied by the bolt;

[0013] The pre-tightening force sensor is also connected to a signal acquisition system, and the signal acquisition system is connected to a control system.

[0014] Preferably, the hydrogen leakage rate measurement component is a hydrogen mass spectrometer leak detector, and the hydrogen mass spectrometer leak detector is connected to the flange cavity through a vacuum sealing interface.

[0015] Preferably, the multi-parameter measurement component includes a temperature sensor and a barometric pressure sensor. The temperature sensor and the barometric pressure sensor are connected to the flange cavity and are both connected to the signal acquisition system. The temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature inside the flange cavity in real time, and the barometric pressure sensor is used to monitor the barometric pressure inside the flange cavity in real time.

[0016] Preferably, the multi-parameter measurement component further includes a vibration sensor and an optical fiber multi-parameter sensor. The vibration sensor is used to monitor the vibration signals generated during the hydrogen leakage process in real time, and the optical fiber multi-parameter sensor is used to collect the ultrasonic sound intensity level and stress-strain magnitude signals generated during the hydrogen leakage process in real time.

[0017] Preferably, the multi-parameter measurement component further includes a hydrogen-sensitive concentration sensor. The hydrogen-sensitive concentration sensor is connected to the flange cavity and is used to measure the hydrogen concentration inside the flange cavity in real time.

[0018] Preferably, it further includes a main frame. A working platform is arranged at the top of the main frame, and the sealing structure is arranged on the working platform.

[0019] The present invention has achieved the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0020] The hydrogen environment sealing structure leakage characteristic test system in the present invention includes a gas supply component, a leakage component, a sealing structure, a multi-parameter measurement component, and a hydrogen leakage rate measurement component. Among them, the gas supply component includes a hydrogen storage container and a charging pipeline. The hydrogen storage container is used to store hydrogen. The gas outlet of the hydrogen storage container is communicated with the first end of the charging pipeline. The leakage component includes a leakage joint. The leakage joint is communicated with the second end of the charging pipeline and is used to leak hydrogen into the sealing structure. The multi-parameter measurement component includes various different types of measuring devices. The various measuring devices are used to measure different parameters of the leaked hydrogen in the sealing structure. The hydrogen leakage rate measurement component is connected to the sealing structure and is used to measure the hydrogen leakage rate.

[0021] In the present invention, by setting various different types of measuring devices, different parameters of the leaked hydrogen can be measured, and in cooperation with the hydrogen leakage rate measurement component to measure the hydrogen leakage rate, the technical bottlenecks in terms of sensitivity, positioning accuracy, and environmental adaptability of single-parameter monitoring can be broken through, providing effective data support for realizing online real-time monitoring of minute hydrogen leakage and improving the accuracy of leakage monitoring. Description of the Drawings

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen environment seal structure leakage characteristic test system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] In the figure: 1 - high-pressure gas cylinder, 2 - bolt, 3 - flange assembly, 4 - pre-tightening force sensor, 5 - air release valve, 6 - working platform, 7 - hydrogen-sensitive concentration sensor, 8 - pressure gauge, 9 - pressure reducing valve, 10 - signal acquisition box, 11 - temperature sensor, 12 - air pressure sensor, 13 - charging pipeline, 14 - leakage pipeline, 15 - leakage joint, 16 - vibration sensor, 17 - fiber optic multi-parameter sensor. Specific embodiments

[0025] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen environment seal structure leakage characteristic test system to solve the problems existing in the prior art, which can realize on-line real-time monitoring of hydrogen leakage and provide effective data support for improving the accuracy of leakage monitoring.

[0027] To make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] Embodiment 1

[0029] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, a test system for the leakage characteristics of a hydrogen environment sealing structure is provided, which mainly includes a gas supply component, a leakage component, a sealing structure, a multi-parameter measurement component, and a hydrogen leakage rate measurement component. Among them, the gas supply component includes a hydrogen storage container and a charging pipeline 13. The hydrogen storage container is used to store hydrogen, and the gas outlet of the hydrogen storage container is communicated with the first end of the charging pipeline 13. The leakage component includes a leakage joint 15, and the leakage joint 15 is communicated with the second end of the charging pipeline 13 for leaking hydrogen into the sealing structure. The multi-parameter measurement component includes various types of measurement devices, and the various types of measurement devices are used to measure different parameters of the leaked hydrogen in the sealing structure. The hydrogen leakage rate measurement component is connected to the sealing structure for measuring the hydrogen leakage rate.

[0030] In this embodiment, by setting various types of measurement devices, different parameters of the leaked hydrogen can be measured, and the hydrogen leakage rate can be measured in cooperation with the hydrogen leakage rate measurement component, which can break through the technical bottlenecks in sensitivity, positioning accuracy, and environmental adaptability of single-parameter monitoring, and provide effective data support for realizing online real-time monitoring of tiny hydrogen leakage and improving the accuracy of leakage monitoring.

[0031] In this embodiment, the hydrogen storage container can be selected according to specific working needs, and preferably a high-pressure gas cylinder 1. A pressure gauge 8 and a pressure reducing valve 9 are also provided on the charging pipeline 13. The leakage aperture of the leakage joint 15 is 0.1 mm to 1 mm to uniformly leak hydrogen into the sealing structure, and the leakage rate is controlled within the range of 0.1 mL / min to 10 mL / min to avoid excessive change in the gas concentration inside the sealing structure and cause leakage rate test errors.

[0032] Among them, the control method of the leakage rate: open the pressure reducing valve 9, place the leakage joint 15 in a water bucket filled with 3 / 4 water, and observe the speed and continuity of the bubbles generated in the water. When continuous and uniform bubbles are generated in the water, it is determined that the hydrogen leaks out at a uniform speed at this time.

[0033] Furthermore, the leakage component further includes a leakage pipeline 14. One end of the leakage pipeline 14 is connected to the charging pipeline 13 through a high-pressure sealing joint, and the other end of the leakage pipeline 14 is thread-sealedly connected to the leakage joint 15.

[0034] In this embodiment, the sealing structure can be selected according to needs. For example, it can be a valve sealing structure, a flange sealing structure, a pipeline weld sealing structure, etc. In this embodiment, the flange sealing structure is taken as an example for illustration.

[0035] Among them, the flange sealing structure mainly includes a flange cavity and a flange assembly 3. The flange assembly 3 is arranged at the opening at the top of the flange cavity. The flange assembly 3 includes a upper flange and a lower flange that are buckled together. The upper flange and the lower flange are locked by bolts 2, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the upper flange and the lower flange.

[0036] In this embodiment, the flange assembly 3 can be selected as needed. Preferably, it is one of the four types: male and female face flange, tongue and groove flange, flat flange or raised face flange, with a nominal diameter of DN200 and the volume of the flange cavity being 1.0L to 1.5L. The sealing gasket can be an inner ring wound gasket (such as: 304 / 304+G, 304 / 304+PTFE, etc.), serrated gasket, etc.

[0037] In this embodiment, after placing the sealing gasket between the upper flange and the lower flange and applying a uniformly distributed pre-tightening force by bolts 2, the air in the flange cavity is evacuated by a hydrogen mass spectrometer leak detector (the vacuum degree reaches 10 -6 above). The leak joint 15 that leaks hydrogen uniformly is placed in the gap between the upper flange and the lower flange and moves around the flange at a uniform speed to measure the leakage rate of hydrogen introduced into the flange.

[0038] Furthermore, it further includes a pre-tightening force sensor 4. The pre-tightening force sensor 4 is arranged below the bolt 2 and a plurality of them are evenly distributed along the circumference of the flange assembly 3, and can monitor the pre-tightening force applied by the bolts 2 around the flange assembly 3 in real time. Among them, preferably 12 pre-tightening force sensors 4 are provided to ensure that the force applied around the flange assembly 3 is evenly distributed, and the pre-tightening force deviation is controlled within ±5%. The measurement range of the pre-tightening force sensor 4 is from 0kN to 75kN, and the accuracy is ±0.1kN.

[0039] In this embodiment, the pre-tightening force sensor 4 is also connected to a signal acquisition system. The signal acquisition system is connected to a control system through a high-precision data conversion module, and displays and records the pre-tightening force data in real time, providing precise pre-tightening force monitoring and regulation support for the sealing performance of the sealing structure. Among them, the signal acquisition system includes a signal acquisition box 10. A signal acquisition module is arranged in the signal acquisition box 10. The data acquisition frequency of the data acquisition module connected to the pre-tightening force sensor 4 is 1280Hz to ensure real-time acquisition of the pre-tightening force data. The control system can be selected according to specific working needs. For example, it can be a computer.

[0040] In this embodiment, the upper flange is also provided with an exhaust hole. The diameter of the exhaust hole is 2 mm to 10 mm, and the number is 1, which is located at the center of the upper flange. One end of the exhaust hole is connected to a straight-through pipe, and the other end is placed in the atmospheric environment. The material is stainless steel 316L, and the pressure resistance level is 10 MPa to ensure the safe discharge of hydrogen during the experiment. A gas release valve 5 is also provided at the exhaust hole; the design and layout of the exhaust hole can effectively reduce the risk of hydrogen accumulation during the experiment, ensure the safety of the experimental environment, and at the same time do not affect the test accuracy of the sealing performance of the flange sealing structure.

[0041] In this embodiment, the hydrogen leakage rate measurement component is preferably a hydrogen mass spectrometer leak detector, which is connected to the flange cavity through a high-vacuum sealing interface. The vacuum sealing level of the high-vacuum sealing interface is 10 -9 Pa·m 3 / s to ensure no external gas interference during the measurement; the operating pressure range of the hydrogen mass spectrometer leak detector is 10 -8 Pa to 10 - 1 Pa, and the sensitivity is 1×10 -12 Pa·m 3 / s to measure the hydrogen leakage rate inside the flange cavity by the vacuum method; the volume of the flange cavity is 1.0 L to 1.50 L, and the internal vacuum degree is maintained by a vacuum pump. The ultimate vacuum degree of the vacuum pump is 5×10 -10 hPa; the hydrogen mass spectrometer leak detector monitors and records the hydrogen leakage rate inside the flange cavity in real time, and the measurement accuracy is ±0.01 mL / s, providing high-precision detection data for the micro-leakage characteristics of the sealing structure.

[0042] In this embodiment, the multi-parameter measurement component includes a temperature sensor 11 and a pressure sensor 12. The measurement range of the temperature sensor 11 is -200 °C to 850 °C, and the accuracy is ±0.1 °C, which is used to monitor the temperature change inside the flange cavity in real time; the measurement range of the pressure sensor 12 is 0 Pa to 16 MPa, which is used to monitor the hydrogen gas pressure change inside the flange cavity in real time; both the temperature sensor 11 and the pressure sensor 12 are also connected to a signal acquisition system, and the signal acquisition system is connected to a control system through a high-precision data conversion module to ensure real-time acquisition of the temperature and pressure change data inside the flange cavity.

[0043] In this embodiment, the multi-parameter measurement component also includes a hydrogen-sensitive concentration sensor 7, which is connected to the flange cavity and used to measure the hydrogen concentration inside the flange cavity; among them, the hydrogen-sensitive concentration sensor 7 realizes continuous detection of working condition gases based on the principle of constant potential electrolysis. Its hydrogen detection range is 500 - 10000 ppm, and the accuracy is 200 ppm, which is used to monitor the hydrogen concentration change in real time.

[0044] In this embodiment, the multi-parameter measurement component further includes a vibration sensor 16 and an optical fiber multi-parameter sensor 17; the vibration sensor 16 is used to monitor in real time the vibration signals generated during the hydrogen leakage process, and the optical fiber multi-parameter sensor 17 is used to collect in real time the sound signals generated during the hydrogen leakage process, and the sound signals include the ultrasonic sound intensity level and the stress-strain magnitude signals generated during the hydrogen leakage process.

[0045] Among them, the range of the vibration sensor 16 is ±10g, the voltage sensitivity is 500mv / g, the frequency response range is 0.2 - 3KHz. When testing the vibration signals generated during the leakage process, the sampling frequency is 10000Hz, the number of sampling points is 100000, and 10s is set as a cycle. It is recommended to collect multiple times under the same test conditions and average the data to reduce random errors and improve the stability and consistency of the data.

[0046] The optical fiber multi-parameter sensor 17 is a wound optical fiber sensor, which realizes the collection of sound signals by the mechanical action of sound waves on the optical fiber to cause changes in the internal optical signals of the optical fiber. The detection range of the sound waves is 1 - 10KHz, the dynamic range is 50dB to 130dB, and the high-sensitivity dynamic detection range can identify the sound wave signals of tiny hydrogen leakage.

[0047] In this embodiment, the vibration sensors 16 are evenly distributed between two adjacent bolts 2, and the optical fiber multi-parameter sensors 17 are evenly wound around the flange assembly 3.

[0048] In this embodiment, it further includes a main frame. A working platform 6 is arranged at the top of the main frame, and the sealing structure is arranged on the working platform 6; wherein, moving wheels are also arranged at the bottom of the main frame for easy movement.

[0049] In this embodiment, the high-pressure gas cylinder 1 and the hydrogen mass spectrometer leak detector can be respectively arranged on both sides of the main frame. Moreover, moving wheels can also be arranged at the bottom of the hydrogen mass spectrometer leak detector for easy movement.

[0050] In this embodiment, multi-modal signal processing technology is used to analyze and extract the characteristic signals in the collected vibration, sound, temperature, and concentration signals. The leakage rate is correlated with the multi-modal signals by using a leakage model and combining a convolutional neural network, providing effective data support for studying and quantifying the hydrogen leakage characteristics of the sealing points, for leakage safety risk assessment, leakage traceability, and the formulation of safety barrier strategies.

[0051] In the present invention, specific examples are used to illustrate the principle and implementation manner of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. A leakage characteristic test system for a hydrogen environment sealing structure, characterized in that: It includes a gas supply component, a leakage component, a sealing structure, a multi-parameter measurement component and a hydrogen leakage rate measurement component. Among them, the gas supply component includes a hydrogen storage container and a charging pipeline. The hydrogen storage container is used to store hydrogen, and the gas outlet of the hydrogen storage container is communicated with the first end of the charging pipeline. The leakage component includes a leakage joint, and the leakage joint is communicated with the second end of the charging pipeline. The leakage joint is used to leak hydrogen into the sealing structure; the multi-parameter measurement component includes various different types of measuring devices for measuring different parameters of the leaked hydrogen in the sealing structure, and the hydrogen leakage rate measurement component is connected to the sealing structure for measuring the hydrogen leakage rate.

2. The hydrogen environment sealing structure leakage characteristic test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage container is a high-pressure gas cylinder, and a pressure gauge and a pressure reducing valve are also arranged on the charging pipeline; the leakage component further includes a leakage pipeline, one end of the leakage pipeline is connected to the charging pipeline, and the other end of the leakage pipeline is connected to the leakage joint.

3. The hydrogen environment sealing structure leakage characteristic testing system according to claim 2, wherein: The leakage aperture of the leakage joint is 0.1 mm to 1 mm, and the leakage rate is 0.1 mL / min to 10 mL / min.

4. The hydrogen environment sealing structure leakage characteristic testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing structure is a flange sealing structure, which includes a flange cavity and a flange component. The flange component is arranged at the opening of the flange cavity. The flange component includes a upper flange and a lower flange that are buckled together. The upper flange and the lower flange are locked by bolts, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the upper flange and the lower flange; Among them, an exhaust hole is further arranged on the upper flange, and a gas release valve is further arranged at the exhaust hole.

5. The hydrogen environment sealing structure leakage characteristic test system according to claim 4, characterized in that: It further includes a pre-tightening force sensor. The pre-tightening force sensor is arranged below the bolt, and a plurality of them are evenly distributed along the circumference of the flange component for real-time monitoring of the pre-tightening force applied by the bolt; The pre-tightening force sensor is further connected to a signal acquisition system, and the signal acquisition system is connected to a control system.

6. The hydrogen environment sealing structure leakage characteristic testing system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hydrogen leakage rate measurement component is a hydrogen mass spectrometer leak detector, and the hydrogen mass spectrometer leak detector is connected to the flange cavity through a vacuum sealing interface.

7. The hydrogen environment sealing structure leakage characteristic test system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The multi-parameter measurement component includes a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor. The temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are connected to the flange cavity and are both connected to the signal acquisition system. The temperature sensor is used to real-time monitor the temperature in the flange cavity, and the pressure sensor is used to real-time monitor the air pressure in the flange cavity.

8. The hydrogen environment sealing structure leakage characteristic test system according to claim 7, wherein: The multi-parameter measurement component further includes a vibration sensor and an optical fiber multi-parameter sensor. The vibration sensor is used to real-time monitor the vibration signal generated during the hydrogen leakage process, and the optical fiber multi-parameter sensor is used to real-time collect the ultrasonic sound intensity level and the stress and strain magnitude signals generated during the hydrogen leakage process.

9. The hydrogen environment sealing structure leakage characteristic test system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The multi-parameter measurement component further includes a hydrogen-sensitive concentration sensor. The hydrogen-sensitive concentration sensor is connected to the flange cavity for real-time measuring the hydrogen concentration in the flange cavity.

10. The hydrogen environment sealing structure leakage characteristic test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a main frame, a working platform is arranged at the top of the main frame, and the sealing structure is arranged on the working platform.

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