Portable glass slide smearing device for medical examination and smearing method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical examination devices, and discloses a portable glass slide smearing device for medical examination and a smearing method. In medical examination, an existing automatic smear device has many problems, particularly, only smears with fixed thickness can be prepared, and the included angle between a doctor blade and a glass slide cannot be adjusted. In order to solve the problems, the portable glass slide smearing device for medical examination and the smearing method provided by the invention have the advantages that a gear shifting mechanism is designed on the basis of mechanical driving and precise control principles, and the height of a glass slide can be flexibly regulated and controlled, so that smears with different thicknesses can be prepared. Meanwhile, the included angle between the doctor blade and the glass slide is synchronously adjusted. In the practical application of clinical examination, different types of samples have different requirements on the thickness of the smear and the included angle between the doctor blade and the glass slide, so that the requirement is completely met, and the application prospect is wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical testing devices, and particularly to a portable slide smearing device and smearing method for medical testing. Background Art

[0002] Smearing is a basic and important technical operation in medical testing. Its core is to evenly smear a liquid specimen (such as blood, bone marrow fluid, secretion, etc.) on a slide. Microscopically, cells change from spherical to planar or nearly planar, and are laid flat on the slide, forming a thin and uniform cell or microorganism coating for subsequent microscopic observation, staining, and analysis.

[0003] Traditional manual smear preparation is completed manually by medical staff. When making a smear, hold the slide with the left hand and use a spreader to smear and level it with the right hand. During this process, the slide held by hand should be kept horizontally stable, and the moving force of the spreader held by the right hand should be uniform. If a large number of smears need to be prepared, it is difficult to maintain stable operation all the time when the manual operation time is long, which is prone to errors and low efficiency. Secondly, manual smear preparation not only takes a lot of time of medical staff, but also the non-standard smears prepared will affect and mislead the accuracy of test results, thus causing medical staff to repeat operations and adding a lot of workload.

[0004] Existing automatic smear devices also have many limitations. The most prominent one is that they can only prepare smears with a fixed thickness and provide a fixed angle between the spreader and the slide. However, in actual use, different types of samples have different requirements for the thickness of the smear and the angle between the spreader and the slide. For example, some samples may require a thinner smear to observe cell structure more clearly, while other samples may require a thicker smear to retain more cell information. At the same time, the angle between the spreader and the slide will also affect the uniformity of the smear and the cell distribution, thus affecting the subsequent observation and analysis results. However, the existing automatic smear devices cannot be flexibly adjusted according to these different requirements.

[0005] In addition, existing automatic smear devices generally adopt an open structure design. However, smear preparation has extremely strict requirements on the environment, not only requiring precise control of temperature and humidity, but also must be carried out under aseptic conditions to ensure the integrity of the sample and the quality of the smear. However, the open structure makes the smear device highly dependent on the external environment provided by the laboratory and lacks the ability of independent regulation. More troublesome is that different types of samples have different requirements for the preparation environment. For example, some biological samples may need to be kept active under specific temperature and humidity conditions, while other samples may have higher requirements for the aseptic environment. Existing open smear devices cannot actively adapt to and meet these diverse environmental requirements.

[0006] In addition, existing automatic smear devices are usually fixedly installed inside the laboratory, and samples need to be transported to the location of the device for operation during use. This configuration can meet the requirements in a conventional laboratory environment, but serious deficiencies are revealed in special scenarios such as outdoor sampling and on-site detection. Since the cell activity in some samples (such as blood, tissue fluid, etc.) will rapidly decline over time, the transportation process from the sampling point to the laboratory may cause a significant decrease in sample quality, thereby affecting the accuracy and reliability of subsequent smear preparation. Existing devices cannot adapt to the mobile and immediate detection requirements and are ineffective in on-site work that requires rapid response. Summary of the Invention

[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide a portable slide smear device and a smear method for medical examination to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] The main design concept of the present invention:

[0009] In clinical practice and medical examination work, it is often necessary to make smears of samples such as patients' blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, and exfoliations through a smear device, and observe the cells or formed elements in the smears under a microscope. These observation results are important bases for clinical diagnosis, curative effect observation, prognosis judgment, etc.

[0010] There are many problems with existing automatic smear devices, and they can only prepare smears with a fixed thickness. In actual medical examination work, different types of samples have different requirements for the thickness of the smear. However, existing automatic smear devices cannot be flexibly adjusted according to these different needs, resulting in difficulty in meeting diverse needs during sample preparation.

[0011] In addition, existing automatic smear devices can also not adjust the angle between the spreader and the slide. The angle between the spreader and the slide directly affects the uniformity of the smear and the cell distribution. A suitable angle can make the sample form a uniform and dense smear on the slide, which is beneficial for subsequent observation and analysis. However, existing automatic smear devices cannot be flexibly adjusted according to sample characteristics and analysis requirements, resulting in problems such as uneven smears and uneven cell distribution, thereby affecting the observation and analysis results.

[0012] Therefore, it is envisaged to improve the slide smear device for medical examination. Specifically, it is planned to add a gear adjustment mechanism, and only through an operation of a single gear output, the height control of the slide and the adjustment of the angle between the spreader and the slide can be achieved simultaneously. Different gears exactly correspond precisely to various types of samples. The operator only needs to select the appropriate gear according to the sample type to quickly and accurately prepare a smear that meets the requirements.

[0013] To achieve the above vision, based on the principles of mechanical drive and precision control, the present invention has meticulously designed a gear adjustment mechanism composed of a shifting component, a thickness adjustment component, and an angle adjustment component. Among them, the shifting component is used to capture the gear information selected by the user and transmit this instruction to the subsequent components; the thickness adjustment component is used to adjust the height of the glass slide; the angle adjustment component is used to adjust the angle between the scraping blade and the glass slide. Thus, different requirements for the smear thickness and the angle between the scraping blade and the glass slide for different types of samples can be met.

[0014] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0015] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a portable medical test glass slide smearing device, including:

[0016] A smearing workbench, on which at least one set of sample burettes and scraping blades are installed;

[0017] A glass slide placement table, arranged below the smearing workbench, on which at least one set of glass slides are installed;

[0018] A workbench drive mechanism, used to drive the smearing workbench to move in the horizontal or vertical direction, thereby driving the scraping blade to smear the sample dropped on the glass slide evenly to make a smear;

[0019] A gear adjustment mechanism, used to adjust the angle between the scraping blade and the glass slide and synchronously adjust the height of the glass slide.

[0020] Further preferably, the gear adjustment mechanism includes:

[0021] A shifting component, used to capture the gear information selected by the user and transmit this instruction to the subsequent components, arranged on the smearing workbench, meshing with a first gear set and a second gear set;

[0022] A thickness adjustment component, meshing with the first gear set, used to adjust the height of the glass slide;

[0023] An angle adjustment component, meshing with the second gear set, used to adjust the angle between the scraping blade and the glass slide.

[0024] Further preferably, the shifting component includes:

[0025] A shift fork, including two fork feet, and both of its two fork feet are connected with a first connecting rod;

[0026] Two first connecting rods, the other ends of which are respectively connected with a first rack;

[0027] Two first racks, both meshing with the first gear set and the second gear set.

[0028] Further preferably, the thickness adjustment component includes:

[0029] The first transmission component, which meshes with the first gear set;

[0030] The first hydraulic component, which is connected to the first transmission component;

[0031] The second hydraulic component, which is arranged below the glass slide;

[0032] The hydraulic synchronization system, which is respectively connected to the first hydraulic component and the second hydraulic component, and is used for collecting the hydraulic signal of the first hydraulic component and controlling the start and stop of the second hydraulic component.

[0033] Further preferably, the hydraulic synchronization system includes:

[0034] The pressure sensor, which is connected to the first hydraulic component and is used for collecting the hydraulic signal of the first hydraulic component;

[0035] The stepper motor, which is drivingly connected to the second hydraulic component and is used for driving the second hydraulic component to complete corresponding control instructions;

[0036] The controller, which is electrically connected to the pressure sensor and the stepper motor respectively, and is used for receiving the hydraulic signal collected by the pressure sensor and synchronously controlling the second hydraulic component to complete corresponding execution actions.

[0037] Further preferably, the angle adjustment component includes:

[0038] The blade moving component, one end of which meshes with the second gear set and the other end of which is connected to the blade, and is used for driving the blade to move vertically;

[0039] The angle limiting member, which is used for changing the included angle between the blade and the glass slide by contacting the blade when the blade moves vertically.

[0040] Further preferably, the blade moving component includes:

[0041] The second transmission component, which meshes with the second gear set;

[0042] The blade mounting bracket, which is connected to the second transmission component;

[0043] The torsion spring, which is arranged at the connection between the blade and the blade mounting bracket to provide the elastic force for the blade to return to its original position.

[0044] In order to cooperate with the blade moving component to change the included angle between the blade and the glass slide, further preferably, multiple contact surfaces are arranged on the side of the angle limiting member in contact with the blade, and different included angles are formed between each contact surface and the glass slide.

[0045] In order to facilitate the taking of the prepared smear, further preferably, a placement table driving mechanism is further included, which is used for driving the glass slide placement table to move horizontally.

[0046] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for smearing a slide for portable medical examination, comprising the following steps:

[0047] S01. Adjust the angle between the scraping blade and the slide placed on the slide placement table through a gear shifting mechanism, and synchronously adjust the height of the slide;

[0048] S02. Drive the smearing workbench to move horizontally or vertically through the workbench driving mechanism, drive the scraping blade to smear the sample on the slide evenly, and make a smear.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0050] Based on the mechanical drive and precision control principles, the method for smearing a slide of the portable medical examination slide smearing device of the present invention designs a gear shifting mechanism jointly composed of a gear shifting component, a thickness adjustment component and an angle adjustment component. Only by operating with one gear output, it can simultaneously achieve the height control of the slide and the control of the angle between the scraping blade and the slide.

[0051] Specifically, the gear shifting component, as the center of the entire gear shifting mechanism, can capture the gear information selected by the user, and quickly and accurately transmit the instructions to the thickness adjustment component and the angle adjustment component synchronously to ensure the orderly start of the control process. The thickness adjustment component finely adjusts the height of the slide according to the received instructions, so as to achieve precise control of the smear thickness. The angle adjustment component accurately adjusts the angle between the scraping blade and the slide according to the received instructions.

[0052] Through the design and coordinated operation of this gear shifting mechanism, different gears exactly correspond to various samples precisely, and can flexibly adapt to the diverse requirements of different types of samples for smear thickness and the angle between the scraping blade and the slide, providing a more precise and efficient solution for medical examination work. Description of the Drawings

[0053] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional view of the overall structure of the smear device of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 is a front view of the overall structure of the smear device of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional view of the device in the upper cabin of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 is a front view of the device in the upper cabin of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 is a right view of the device in the upper cabin of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 6 is the three-dimensional view of the gear shifting component of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0059] Figure 7 is the left view of the gear shifting component of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 8 is the right sectional view of the gear shifting component of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 9 is the rear view of the gear shifting component of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 10 is the top view of the gear shifting component of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 11 is the three-dimensional view of the gear shifting component of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0064] Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of the gear set of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of the shift fork of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of the blade mounting bracket of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 15 is the schematic diagram of the blade of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 16 is the schematic diagram of the angle limiting member of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 17 is the circuit diagram of the controller BCM2711 of the present invention;

[0070] In the figure: 10, box body; 101, upper cabin; 102, lower cabin; 103, universal wheel; 104, telescopic pull rod; 105, handle; 106, control panel; 11, smear workbench; 111, sample burette; 112, blade; 113, gear shift switch; 12, slide glass placing table; 121, slide glass; 122, smear isolation plate; 13, workbench driving mechanism; 141, first gear set; 142, second gear set; 143, shift fork; 144, first connecting rod; 145, first rack; 146, second rack; 147, second connecting rod; 148, first cylinder; 149, first piston; 150, second cylinder; 151, second piston; 152, third piston; 153, pressure sensor; 154, stepping motor; 155, blade mounting bracket; 156, torsion spring; 157, third rack; 158, third connecting rod; 159, angle limiting member; 15, placing table driving mechanism; 16, placing table bracket. <> Detailed implementation mode

[0071] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0072] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. The terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0073] In actual medical testing work, different types of samples have different requirements for the thickness of the smear. For example, in hematological tests, for some samples that need to observe the internal structure of cells, such as the morphology of red blood cells and the classification of white blood cells, a thinner smear can reduce cell overlap, make the cell structure clearer, and thus improve the accuracy of observation. For some samples that need to retain more cell information for subsequent analysis, such as bone marrow puncture fluid, pleural effusion, etc., a thicker smear can accommodate more cells, which helps to detect abnormal cells or perform cell counting.

[0074] In addition to the smear thickness, the angle between the scraping slide and the glass slide is also a key factor determining the quality of the smear. The size of the angle will directly affect the uniformity of the smear and the distribution of cells. When the appropriate angle is formed between the scraping slide and the glass slide, the sample can be evenly spread on the glass slide to form a dense and evenly distributed smear, which is extremely beneficial for subsequent observation and analysis work and can significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of the test results.

[0075] Example 1

[0076] As Figures 1 to 5As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a portable slide smearing device and a smearing method for medical inspection. Its main structure is a box body 10, which is made of medical-grade ABS engineering plastic and its surface is treated with an antibacterial coating. The preferred size is 380mm×340mm×600mm.

[0077] The interior of the box body 10 is divided into two independent compartments, the upper compartment 101 is used for preparing smears, and the lower compartment 102 is specifically used for storing various consumable tools required for sampling and smearing, such as slide 121, spare scraping blade 112, medical alcohol, medical cotton swabs and other sampling and smearing consumable tools.

[0078] Openings are provided on the front side and the top of the upper compartment 101, which is convenient for operators to add samples and take out smears; an opening is provided on the front side of the lower compartment 102, which is convenient for taking and replenishing consumables. Anti-shattering tempered transparent glass doors are provided at each opening to ensure the visibility of the operation process and block the intrusion of external pollutants.

[0079] Sealing rubber pads are provided between each opening and the corresponding glass door, and are reinforced with compression latches to ensure the tightness of the internal spaces of the upper compartment 101 and the lower compartment 102. It provides a stable environment required for preparing smears and also avoids the influence of adverse factors such as moisture and dust on the consumables.

[0080] Furthermore, universal wheels 103 are equipped at the four corners of the bottom of the box body 10, and each universal wheel 103 is installed with a locking device, which is used to fix the universal wheel 103 by adjusting the lock after the device is moved to the work site, so as to ensure that the device remains stable during the smear preparation process and does not undergo unnecessary displacement.

[0081] In addition, handles 105 are provided on the left and right side walls of the box body 10, which is convenient for operators to carry and move the device. At the same time, a telescopic pull rod 104 is also provided on the rear side wall of the box body 10, and the length of the telescopic pull rod 104 can be adjusted as needed, which further improves the portability and convenience of use of the device.

[0082] Moreover, a control panel 106 is provided on the upper part of the right side wall of the box body 10, which is used to input various parameters required for making smears and control the start and stop of the entire smearing device. A controller is provided at the rear of the control panel 106, and a smear preparation control program is installed in the controller, which is used to receive various parameters output by the user and parameters collected by various sensors, and control the working process of each execution unit. This part of the control method belongs to the prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0083] This portable slide smearing device for medical inspection has four major parts fixedly arranged in the upper chamber 101, namely a smearing workbench 11, a slide placement table 12, a workbench driving mechanism 13, and a gear shifting mechanism 14. These parts work together to achieve the titration of samples, adjustment of smear thickness and angle, and finally complete the production of smears.

[0084] At least one set of sample pipettes 111 and scraping blades 112 are installed on the smearing workbench 11. In this embodiment, three sets of sample pipettes 111 and scraping blades 112 are provided. The sample pipettes 111 are used to accurately drip the samples onto the corresponding slides 121, and the scraping blades 112 are used to spread the samples on the slides 121 evenly to make smears.

[0085] Preferably, the sample pipettes 111 penetrate through the tabletop of the smearing workbench 11 and are vertically arranged. They adopt a double - type design, including a main pipette and an auxiliary pipette. The main pipette has a volume of 50 μL, a scale accuracy of 1 μL, and is equipped with a corrosion - resistant ceramic valve core; the auxiliary pipette has a volume of 10 μL and is used to accurately supplement the samples. The sample pipettes 111 are integrally designed in a conical shape with an outlet diameter of 0.8 mm to ensure that the sample droplets fall vertically without splashing. The inlet part of the sample pipettes 111 is detachably connected with a rubber cap to prevent external environment from contaminating the samples.

[0086] The scraping blades 112 are arranged below the smearing workbench 11 and above the slide placement table 12. They are made of medical - grade polycarbonate material and are coated with a 5 - μm - thick Teflon coating on the surface, having self - lubricating characteristics. The size of the scraping blades 112 is: length 30 mm × width 18.36 mm, and the whole is in a wedge shape with a wedge angle of 30°, effectively preventing sample residue.

[0087] The slide placement table 12 is arranged below the smearing workbench 11 and keeps a certain distance from the smearing workbench 11 so that the scraping blades 112 can smoothly spread the samples evenly on the slides 121. The slide placement table 12 adopts a double - layer structure design, with an aluminum alloy frame at the bottom layer and a polymer elastomer bearing surface at the upper layer. At least one set of slides 121 are installed on the slide placement table 12. In this embodiment, three slides 121 are provided corresponding to the three sets of sample pipettes 111 and scraping blades 112.

[0088] Specifically, the slides 121 are fixed on the slide placement table 12 through specific fixtures or card slots to ensure that they do not move or fall off during the working process. For example, vacuum adsorption holes arranged in a matrix or an electromagnetic tablet pressing device (electromagnetic suction cups are arranged at the four corners of the slide 121) are used. Smear isolation plates 122 are arranged between and on both sides of the three slides 121 to isolate the three slides 121 and prevent cross - contamination between different samples.

[0089] The workbench driving mechanism 13 is used to drive the smear workbench 11 to move horizontally or vertically, and then drive the squeegee 112 to spread the sample dropped on the glass slide 121 evenly to make a smear. The workbench driving mechanism 13 includes a transverse driving mechanism and a vertical driving mechanism. The transverse driving mechanism is used to drive the smear workbench 11 to move horizontally back and forth, and the vertical driving mechanism is used to drive the smear workbench 11 to move vertically up and down.

[0090] As a specific implementation manner, the transverse driving mechanism includes two groups of transverse driving components arranged in parallel. Both groups of transverse driving components are fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper chamber 101 and are arranged on both sides of the bottom of the upper chamber 101. The transverse driving component includes a first motor. The output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected with a first lead screw. A first nut is engaged with the first lead screw. Limit members are provided at both ends of the first lead screw.

[0091] The vertical driving mechanism includes two groups of vertical driving components arranged in parallel. The plane formed by the two groups of vertical driving components is perpendicular to the plane formed by the two groups of transverse driving components. The vertical driving component includes a second motor. The output shaft of the second motor is fixedly connected with a second lead screw. A second nut is engaged with the second lead screw. Limit members are provided at both ends of the second lead screw. The two second motors are fixedly connected to the two first nuts correspondingly through brackets. A connecting rod is fixedly connected between the two second nuts.

[0092] The workbench driving mechanism 13 further includes a vertical stabilizing component for stabilizing the entire workbench driving mechanism 13. The vertical stabilizing component includes a third motor. The third motor is arranged at the center of the rear edge of the bottom of the upper chamber 101. The output end of the third motor is vertically upward and is fixedly connected with a third lead screw. A third nut is engaged with the third lead screw. Limit members are provided at both ends of the third lead screw. The third nut is fixedly connected with a telescopic sleeve. The axis of the telescopic sleeve is perpendicularly arranged to the axis of the third lead screw. The output end of the telescopic sleeve is fixedly connected with the connecting rod.

[0093] The center of the end of the connecting rod away from the smear workbench 11 is fixedly connected with the smear workbench 11. The first motor, the second motor, the third motor and the telescopic sleeve are respectively electrically connected to the controller. The controller receives user instructions through the control panel 106 and controls the working process of the workbench driving mechanism 13 to drive the smear workbench 11 to move back and forth or up and down.

[0094] It should be noted that a robotic arm is fixedly connected to the top of the right vertical driving component. The working end of the robotic arm can move to the inlet part of each sample burette 111 and is used to squeeze the sample burette 111 so that the sample liquid therein drops onto the corresponding glass slide 121. The control unit of the robotic arm is connected to the controller to control the working process of the robotic arm.

[0095] The gear shifting mechanism 14 is used to adjust the angle between the blade 112 and the glass slide 121, and synchronously adjust the height of the glass slide 121 from the glass slide placement table 12. In this embodiment, three groups of gear shifting mechanisms are provided, respectively corresponding to controlling three blades 112 and glass slides 121. A gear shifting switch 113 is arranged on the upper surface of the smear workbench 11, and the gear shifting switch 113 is connected to the gear shifting mechanism 14 for controlling the output of the gear to be adjusted to. Based on clinical practice and medical research results, the gear shifting mechanism 14 of the present invention has three gears, namely: thick, standard, and thin, respectively corresponding to different adjustment ranges.

[0096] This portable medical test glass slide smearing device further includes a placement table driving mechanism 15 for driving the glass slide placement table 12 to move back and forth in the horizontal direction so as to take the prepared sample smear. A placement table bracket 16 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the upper chamber 101, and the placement table driving mechanism 15 is installed on the placement table bracket 16.

[0097] The placement table driving mechanism 15 includes a fourth motor, and a fourth lead screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the fourth motor. A fourth nut is engaged with the fourth lead screw, and limit members are arranged at both ends of the fourth lead screw. The fourth nut is fixedly connected to the bottom of the glass slide placement table 12. The fourth motor is electrically connected to the controller to facilitate the automatic control of the working process of the placement table driving mechanism 15.

[0098] As a specific embodiment, the controller can adopt the BROADCOM BCM2711 quad-core Cortex-A72 (ARMV8) 64-bit system on chip (SoC). The main frequency is 1.5 GHz, with 4G of memory, supporting a variety of storage interfaces for convenient expansion of the storage space. BCM2711 provides rich peripheral interfaces, including GPIO, HDMI, SPI, USB, PCle, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth, etc. BCM2711 internally integrates a power management unit responsible for the power management of the chip and can also provide power support to the peripherals. The working power supply has a wide voltage input of 5 - 34V, and the output can be adjusted arbitrarily between DC2 - 28V, with an output current of 12A. Multiple RS485 and RS232 interfaces can be provided externally through the interface expansion circuit.

[0099] The overall implementation process is as follows: First, open the front glass door of the upper chamber 101, load the glass slide 121 onto the glass slide placement table 12, and close the front glass door. Then, open the top glass door of the upper chamber 101, toggle the gear shift switch 113 corresponding to the installed glass slide 121, and synchronously adjust the height of the glass slide 121 and the angle between the scraping blade 112 and the glass slide 121. Next, remove the rubber cap of the sample burette 111 corresponding to the installed glass slide 121, load the sample to be made into a smear into the sample burette 111, put on the rubber cap, and close the top glass door. Then, press the switch button on the control panel 106 to start automatically preparing the smear. After the production is completed, open the front glass door of the upper chamber 101 and take out the prepared smear.

[0100] The automatic smear preparation process is as follows: First, the working end of the robotic arm rotates to the inlet of the set sample burette 111, moves downward to squeeze the rubber cap so that the sample drips onto the glass slide 121, and after the robotic arm completes the action, it retracts along the original path. Secondly, the vertical driving mechanism drives the smear workbench 11 to descend to the set height, and then the horizontal driving mechanism drives the smear workbench 11 to move forward at the set speed, while the scraping blade 112 scrapes the sample to prepare the smear. Thirdly, the workbench driving mechanism 13 returns to the initial state in the order of first moving up and then moving backward according to the preset program. Finally, the placement table driving mechanism 15 drives the glass slide placement table 12 to move forward to the set position to facilitate taking out the prepared smear.

[0101] The above automatic smear preparation process forms a closed-loop automation system through the organic integration of the controller, the control panel 106, each actuator, each sensor, and the control program, constituting a smear preparation control system to realize the process of automatically preparing the smear.

[0102] Embodiment 2

[0103] As Figures 3 to 17 shown, on the basis of Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a portable medical test glass slide smearing device and a smearing method. The gear shift mechanism includes: a shifting component, arranged on the smear workbench 11, connected to the gear shift switch 113, and meshing with a first gear set 141 and a second gear set 142; a thickness adjustment component, meshing with the first gear set 141, for adjusting the height of the corresponding glass slide 121 from the glass slide placement table 12; an angle adjustment component, meshing with the second gear set 142, for adjusting the angle between the scraping blade 112 and the glass slide 121.

[0104] As a specific implementation manner, the first gear set 141 and the second gear set 142 have the same structure. The first gear set 141 includes a gear shaft, and cylindrical gears with the same structure are sleeved at both ends and the central position of the gear shaft, forming a "double-end drive + central linkage" structure.

[0105] The shift lever assembly is arranged in parallel with the glass slide placing table 12, and includes a shift fork 143. The shift fork head of the shift fork 143 is connected to the shift switch 113, and the shift fork 143 is symmetrically provided with two shift fork feet, and each shift fork foot is connected to a first connecting rod 144. The two first connecting rods 144 are arranged in parallel, and the other ends are respectively connected to a first rack 145. The two first racks 145 are respectively meshed with the gears at both ends of the first gear set 141 and the second gear set 142.

[0106] Shift the shift switch 113 to the specified gear position, and synchronously drive the two first racks 145 to move a specified displacement through the shift fork 143 and the two first connecting rods 144, so as to drive the first gear set 141 and the second gear set 142 to rotate a corresponding number of turns.

[0107] The thickness adjustment assembly includes a first transmission assembly meshed with the first gear set 141; a first hydraulic assembly drivingly connected to the first transmission assembly; a second hydraulic assembly arranged inside the glass slide placing table 12 and located below the glass slide 121; and a hydraulic synchronization system respectively connected to the first hydraulic assembly and the second hydraulic assembly for collecting the hydraulic signal of the first hydraulic assembly and controlling the start and stop of the second hydraulic assembly.

[0108] As a specific embodiment, the first transmission assembly is arranged perpendicular to the shift lever assembly, and includes a second rack 146 and a second connecting rod 147. The second rack 146 is meshed with the gear at the central position of the first gear set 141, and the lower end of the second rack 146 is fixedly connected to the second connecting rod 147.

[0109] The first hydraulic assembly is arranged below the first transmission assembly, and includes a first cylinder 148 and a first piston 149. The other end of the second connecting rod 147 is fixedly connected to the first piston 149. The first piston 149 is placed in the first cylinder 148 and can slide vertically to change the pressure in the first cylinder 148. The first cylinder 148 is fixedly connected to the smear workbench 11.

[0110] During operation, the rotation of the first gear set 141 drives the second rack 146 to move up and down, and then drives the first piston 149 to slide up and down in the first cylinder 148 through the second connecting rod 147 to change the pressure in the first cylinder 148.

[0111] As a specific embodiment, the second hydraulic component includes a second cylinder 150, a second piston 151 and a third piston 152. The second cylinder 150 is fixedly arranged inside the slide placing table 12 and is located below the corresponding slide 121. The cross-sectional shape of the second cylinder 150 is similar to that of the slide 121, and its cross-sectional dimension is larger than that of the slide 121. A second piston 151 is slidably arranged at one end of the second cylinder 150 close to the first hydraulic component, and a third piston 152 is slidably arranged at the top of the second cylinder 150. The top of the third piston 152 is detachably connected to the slide 121.

[0112] The hydraulic control system includes a pressure sensor 153, a stepping motor 154 and a controller. The pressure sensor 153 is connected to the first cylinder 148 and can collect the hydraulic signal inside the first cylinder 148 in real time. The output end of the stepping motor 154 is connected to the outer end face of the second piston 151 through an auxiliary component. The auxiliary component can convert the circular motion of the stepping motor 154 into the linear motion of the second piston 151 to drive the second piston 151 to slide inside the second cylinder 150. The controller is respectively connected to the pressure sensor 153 and the stepping motor 154, and is used to receive the hydraulic signal collected by the pressure sensor 153, and adjust the thickness according to the preset gear, control the number of rotation turns of the stepping motor 154, drive the second piston 151 to move back and forth, and the pressure inside the second cylinder 150 changes correspondingly, thereby driving the third piston 152 to move up and down to complete the adjustment of the height of the slide 121.

[0113] Specifically, the controller judges the gear that the user needs to adjust, that is, one of thick, standard and thin, according to the numerical range of the hydraulic signal collected by the pressure sensor 153. Then, according to the judged adjustment gear, the preset thickness adjustment value corresponding to the gear is calculated and converted into the input pulse number of the stepping motor 154. Then, the pulse number is sent to the stepping motor 154 to drive the stepping motor 154 to rotate. The stepping motor 154 is built-in with a servo control system, and finally the adjustment of the height of the slide 121 is realized.

[0114] As a specific embodiment, the pressure sensor 153 can adopt an FST800-802 digital pressure sensor, which directly outputs digital signals and supports duplex communication of RS485, RS232 and single-bus interfaces. The sampling frequency is 3.2 kHz, the measuring range is 0 to 1 MPa, the accuracy is ±0.3% FS, the working voltage is DC 9~30V, and the protection level is IP65.

[0115] The angle adjustment component includes a blade moving component and an angle limiting member 159. One end of the blade moving component is engaged with the second gear set 142, and the other end is connected to the blade 112, and is used to drive the blade 112 to move vertically; the angle limiting member 159 is fixedly arranged under the smear workbench 11, close to the rear wall of the upper chamber 101, and is used to change the included angle between the blade 112 and the glass slide 121 when contacting the blade 112 during the vertical movement of the blade 112.

[0116] The blade moving component includes a second transmission component, a blade mounting bracket 155 and a torsion spring 156. The second transmission component is arranged perpendicular to the shift component and includes a third rack 157 and a third connecting rod 158. The third rack 157 is engaged with the gear at the central position of the second gear set 142, and the lower end of the third rack 157 is fixedly connected to the third connecting rod 158.

[0117] One end of the blade mounting bracket 155 is connected to the lower end of the third connecting rod 158. The other end of the blade mounting bracket 155 is connected to the upper end of the blade 112 through a movable pin, and a torsion spring 156 is arranged at the connection, and the torsion spring 156 is used to provide the elastic force for the blade 112 to return to its original position.

[0118] During operation, the second gear set 142 rotates to drive the third rack 157 to move up and down, and then drives the blade 112 to move up and down through the third connecting rod 158 and the blade mounting bracket 155.

[0119] A plurality of contact surfaces are arranged on the side of the angle limiting member 159 in contact with the blade 112, and different included angles are formed between each contact surface and the glass slide 121. When the blade 112 moves up and down, the included angle between the blade 112 and the glass slide 121 is changed by contacting different contact surfaces.

[0120] Specifically, the included angles between the three contact surfaces of the angle limiting member 159 and the glass slide 121 are 30°, 45°, and 60° from top to bottom, corresponding to the thick, standard, and thin three gears of the shift switch 113 one by one. The corresponding relationship between the gear, the angle, and the smear thickness is shown in Table 1-1 below.

[0121] Table 1-1 Corresponding relationship between gear, angle, and smear thickness

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] The specific clinical use process of the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0125] 1. Install the glass slide 121: Open the front glass door of the upper chamber 101, load the glass slide 121 onto the glass slide placement table 12, and close the front glass door;

[0126] 2. Adjust the gear: Open the top glass door of the upper chamber 101, toggle the gear shift switch 113 corresponding to the installed slide 121 to the preset gear, and synchronously control the height of the slide 121 and the angle between the scraping blade 112 and the slide 121 according to the toggled gear through the gear shifting mechanism;

[0127] 3. Add the sample: Remove the rubber cap of the sample burette 111 corresponding to the installed slide 121, add the sample to be made into a smear into the sample burette 111, cover the rubber cap, and close the top glass door of the upper chamber 101;

[0128] 4. Prepare the smear: Start the controller through the control panel 106. The controller controls the robotic arm to squeeze the sample burette 111 according to the preset program, and drip the sample therein onto the slide 121; then control the smear workbench 11 to move horizontally or vertically, drive the scraping blade 112 to spread the sample on the slide 121 evenly, and make a smear;

[0129] 5. Take the smear: After preparation, open the front glass door of the upper chamber 101 and take out the prepared smear.

[0130] Example 3

[0131] As Figures 1 to 5 and Figure 17 shown, on the basis of Example 1, this example provides a portable slide smear device and smear method for medical examination, further including a temperature control mechanism, a humidity control mechanism and a disinfection mechanism. Among them, the temperature control mechanism is used to regulate the temperature of the upper chamber 101, the humidity control mechanism is used to regulate the humidity of the upper chamber 101, and the disinfection mechanism is used to disinfect the upper chamber 101.

[0132] Clinical practice and medical research show that smears for medical examination have strict requirements for temperature and humidity. Usually, the temperature is 20°C to 25°C and the humidity is 40% to 60%. Appropriate temperature and humidity can keep the sample stable, the smear even, and the staining effect consistent, thus improving the accuracy of the test results. The smear preparation device should take corresponding measures to ensure that the smear preparation process is carried out under appropriate temperature and humidity conditions.

[0133] Specifically, the temperature control mechanism includes a temperature sensor, a heating unit and a refrigeration unit, and they are all connected to the controller. The temperature sensor is set at the four corners of the bottom of the upper chamber 101 for collecting the temperature of the upper chamber 101. The heating unit is set in the partition between the upper chamber 101 and the lower chamber 102 for raising the temperature of the upper chamber 101. The refrigeration unit is set in the rear side wall of the upper chamber 101 for lowering the temperature of the upper chamber 101.

[0134] As a specific implementation, the temperature sensor can adopt the DS18B20 digital temperature sensor 13 to output digital signals. The sampling frequency is 10Hz, the temperature measurement range is -55°C to +125°C, and the accuracy is ±0.5°C. The programmable resolution is 9 to 12 bits, the working voltage is DC 5.5V, it supports a single-wire interface, and only one data line is required to achieve duplex communication.

[0135] The heating unit uses an electric heating wire for heating. The electric heating wire is a 0.5mm nickel-chromium wire with a resistance of 7Ω, an input power supply of 12V, and a power of 29W. The electric heating wire is evenly wound on the bracket, and the bracket is made of a high-temperature-resistant ceramic material. Both ends of the electric heating wire are led out through wires and electrically connected to the controller. The controller adjusts the power of the heating unit by controlling the energization time of the electric heating wire.

[0136] The refrigeration unit uses a thermoelectric cooler, and the Peltier effect is used to achieve refrigeration. Specifically, it is a thermoelectric cooler of model TEC1-12706, with a size of 40mm×40mm×3.8mm, a maximum working current of 6A, a maximum working voltage of 12V, a maximum refrigeration power of 60W, and a maximum temperature difference of 67°C. The controller is electrically connected to the thermoelectric cooler to provide power for it, and precise refrigeration control is achieved by controlling the direction and magnitude of the working current.

[0137] Specifically, the humidity control mechanism includes a humidity sensor and a humidifying unit, both of which are connected to the controller. The humidity sensor is set at the four corners of the top of the upper cabin 101 to collect the humidity of the upper cabin 101. The humidifying unit is set around the top of the upper cabin 101 to increase the humidity of the upper cabin 101.

[0138] As a specific implementation, the humidity sensor can adopt the BME280 digital humidity sensor. Measurement range: 0% to 100% relative humidity, resolution 0.008%RH, error ±3%RH. It supports two communication interfaces, I2C and SPI. Working voltage: 3.3V to 5V. Working temperature: -40°C to +85°C. The BME280 internally stores calibration data and does not require additional calibration during use.

[0139] The humidifying unit can adopt the CMS79F5139 micro ultrasonic atomizer. The atomization particle control of CMS79F5139: The proportion of particles <5μm >75%, supports multi-band (1.7 / 2.4 / 3.0 / 3.5MHz) automatic frequency tracking, integrated water level detection, automatic shutdown when there is no water, medical-grade reliable design, supports I2C digital communication interface, working voltage: 1.8V to 5.5V.

[0140] Self-cleaning and sterilization of smear preparation devices used in medical testing are critical to ensuring accurate test results and preventing cross-contamination. Common disinfection methods include chemical disinfection, high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization, ultraviolet disinfection, and ozone disinfection. Smear preparation devices should be equipped with appropriate disinfection mechanisms to ensure that the smear preparation process is carried out under sterile conditions.

[0141] In this embodiment, the disinfection mechanism uses ultraviolet disinfection, which is installed on the four side walls of the upper chamber 101. The specific model can be Sterilight 300 ultraviolet disinfection equipment, which is electrically connected to the controller. Light source: mercury lamp + narrow band filter (peak 254nm), irradiation intensity: 85μW / cm 2 (Stability ± 3%), disinfection time: fixed 3 minutes (in line with CDC guidelines).

[0142] During use, the operator inputs specific temperature, humidity, and disinfection duration parameters through control panel 106. Upon receiving these parameters, the controller converts them into specific control instructions and accurately transmits them to the corresponding actuators. Based on these instructions, the actuators regulate the temperature, humidity, and disinfection conditions of upper chamber 101 to achieve the optimal smear preparation environment.

[0143] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. It is intended that all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be embraced herein, and any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims to which they relate.

[0144] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slide smearing device for portable medical examination, characterized in that, Comprising: A smear workbench (11) on which at least one set of sample burettes (111) and a spreader (112) are installed; A glass slide placement table (12) arranged below the smear workbench (11) and on which at least one set of glass slides (121) are installed; A workbench driving mechanism (13) for driving the smear workbench (11) to move in the horizontal or vertical direction, thereby driving the spreader (112) to evenly smear the sample dropped on the glass slide (121) to make a smear; A gear shifting mechanism for adjusting the angle between the spreader (112) and the glass slide (121) and synchronously adjusting the height of the glass slide (121).

2. The smear device for a portable medical test slide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gear shifting mechanism includes: A shifting component arranged on the smear workbench (11) and meshed with a first gear set (141) and a second gear set (142); A thickness adjustment component meshed with the first gear set (141) for adjusting the height of the glass slide (121); An angle adjustment component meshed with the second gear set (142) for adjusting the angle between the spreader (112) and the glass slide (121).

3. The portable medical test slide smearing device according to claim 2, wherein, The shifting component includes: A shift fork (143) with both of its two fork feet connected with a first connecting rod (144); Two first connecting rods (144) with their other ends respectively connected with a first rack (145); Two first racks (145) both meshed with the first gear set (141) and the second gear set (142).

4. A slide smearing device for portable medical examination according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness adjustment component includes: A first transmission component meshed with the first gear set (141); A first hydraulic component connected with the first transmission component; A second hydraulic component arranged below the glass slide (121); A hydraulic synchronization system respectively connected with the first hydraulic component and the second hydraulic component for collecting the hydraulic signal of the first hydraulic component and controlling the start and stop of the second hydraulic component.

5. A slide smearing device for portable medical examination according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hydraulic synchronization system includes: A pressure sensor (153) connected with the first hydraulic component; A stepping motor (154) drivingly connected with the second hydraulic component; A controller electrically connected with the pressure sensor (153) and the stepping motor (154) respectively.

6. A slide smearing device for portable medical examination according to claim 2, characterized in that, The angle adjustment component includes: A spreader moving component with one end meshed with the second gear set (142) and the other end connected with the spreader (112) for driving the spreader (112) to move vertically; An angle limiting member (159) for changing the angle between the spreader (112) and the glass slide (121) by contacting the spreader (112) when the spreader (112) moves vertically.

7. A smear device for portable medical examination slides according to claim 6, characterized in that, The spreader moving component includes: A second transmission component meshed with the second gear set (142); A spreader mounting frame (155) connected with the second transmission component; A torsion spring (156) arranged at the connection between the spreader (112) and the spreader mounting frame (155).

8. A slide smearing device for portable medical examination according to claim 6, characterized in that, On the side of the angle limiting member (159) contacting the spreader (112), there are a plurality of contact surfaces, and different angles are formed between each contact surface and the glass slide (121).

9. A slide smearing device for portable medical examination according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a placement table driving mechanism (15) for driving the glass slide placement table (12) to move in the horizontal direction.

10. A method for smearing a slide for portable medical examination as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S01. Adjust the angle between the blade (112) and the glass slide (121) placed on the glass slide placement table (12) through the file adjustment mechanism, and synchronously adjust the height of the glass slide (121); S02. Drive the smear workbench (11) to move horizontally or vertically through the workbench drive mechanism (13), drive the blade (112) to smear the sample on the glass slide (121) evenly, and make a smear.

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