Coal-fired unit carbon emission uncertainty evaluation method and device, medium and equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electric power, in particular to a coal-fired unit carbon emission uncertainty evaluation method and device, a medium and equipment. The method comprises the following steps: determining the synthesis relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emission generated by fire coal based on the relative uncertainty of fire coal consumption, fire coal as received basis element carbon content and fire coal carbon oxidation rate; determining the synthetic relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emission generated by the fuel oil based on the relative uncertainty of the fuel oil consumption, the fuel oil average low calorific value, the fuel oil unit calorific value carbon content and the fuel oil carbon oxidation rate; determining a synthetic relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the purchase of the use power based on the relative uncertainty of the net purchase power; and determining the synthesis standard uncertainty of the carbon emission of the coal-fired unit based on each synthesis relative standard uncertainty. According to the method, the problem that the national carbon market carbon emission data accounting quality is difficult to quantitatively evaluate is solved, and a method for guiding data quality improvement is provided for coal-fired power generation enterprises.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electric power, and particularly to a method, device, medium and equipment for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions from coal-fired units. Background Art

[0002] The power industry is the first industry to be included in the national carbon market, and the quality of carbon emission data plays an important role in the normal operation of the carbon market. Therefore, it is crucial to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of carbon emission accounting. Among them, data accuracy diagnosis or evaluation belongs to the content of the metrology field. In the metrology field, the evaluation of data accuracy usually adopts the measurement uncertainty evaluation method, which can not only be used to determine the reliability of measurement results, but also be used to compare the precision and accuracy of different measurement methods.

[0003] At present, the carbon emission accounting of coal enterprises only considers the uncertainty of measuring instruments and cannot comprehensively obtain the uncertainty of carbon emissions. Therefore, how to quantitatively evaluate the influence degree of each uncertainty source in the accounting process on the uncertainty of carbon emissions, so as to accurately realize the carbon emission accounting of coal enterprises, is an urgent problem to be solved at present. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a method, device, medium and equipment for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions from coal-fired units to solve the problem of how to quantitatively evaluate the influence degree of each uncertainty source in the accounting process on the uncertainty of carbon emissions.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions from coal-fired units, the method comprising: determining the combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by coal based on the relative uncertainty of coal consumption, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content of coal as received, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of coal; determining the combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by fuel based on the relative uncertainty of fuel consumption, the relative uncertainty of the average low calorific value of fuel, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of fuel, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of fuel; determining the combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by the purchased and used electricity based on the relative uncertainty of the net purchased electricity; and determining the combined standard uncertainty of carbon emissions from coal-fired units based on the combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by coal, the combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by fuel, and the combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by the purchased and used electricity.

[0006] In the present invention, the problem that it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the quality of carbon emission data accounting in the national carbon market is solved. By conducting uncertainty assessment on the source analysis affecting the accuracy of carbon emission accounting, the accuracy of the data and the weak links in data quality are finally diagnosed through the uncertainty results, providing a method for guiding the improvement of data quality for coal-fired power generation enterprises.

[0007] In an alternative embodiment, before determining the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by coal based on the relative uncertainty of coal consumption, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as received basis, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the coal, the method further includes: calculating the combined relative standard uncertainty of coal consumption based on the relative uncertainty introduced by the control weigher weighing and the relative uncertainty introduced by the indicated error of the belt scale weighing as the relative uncertainty of coal consumption; calculating the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as received basis based on the relative uncertainty introduced by uneven sampling, the relative uncertainty introduced by the carbon content of the air-dried basis coal sample, the relative uncertainty introduced by the total moisture measurement, and the relative uncertainty introduced by the inherent moisture measurement as the relative uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as received basis, and the relative uncertainty introduced by the carbon content of the air-dried basis coal sample is determined based on the relative uncertainty introduced by the accuracy of the elemental analyzer, the relative uncertainty introduced by the repeatability of elemental measurement, the relative uncertainty introduced by the working curve, and the relative uncertainty introduced by the mass of the coal sample, and the relative uncertainty introduced by the total moisture measurement and the relative uncertainty introduced by the inherent moisture measurement are both calculated using the relative uncertainty introduced by the repeatability of moisture measurement and the relative uncertainty introduced by the weighing mass of the dried sample; calculating the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the coal based on the selected default value.

[0008] In the present invention, the uncertainty of coal consumption is calculated by calculating the uncertainty introduced during coal weighing; the relative uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as received basis is determined by the relationship between the carbon content of the coal as received basis and the carbon content of the elemental coal sample of the air-dried basis and the uncertainty introduced during coal sample moisture measurement, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the coal is calculated by the selected default value, thereby achieving a comprehensive and accurate calculation of the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by coal.

[0009] In an alternative embodiment, before determining the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the fuel based on the relative uncertainty of the fuel consumption, the relative uncertainty of the average low calorific value of the fuel, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of the fuel, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel, the method further includes: calculating the relative uncertainty of the fuel consumption based on the relative uncertainty of the standard fuel density and the relative uncertainty of the standard fuel volume, where the relative uncertainty of the standard fuel density is determined based on the uncertainty introduced by the measurement repeatability and the uncertainty introduced by the densitometer measurement; calculating the relative uncertainty of the average low calorific value of the fuel based on the default value of the low calorific value; calculating the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of the fuel based on the default value of the carbon content per unit calorific value; calculating the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel based on the selected default value.

[0010] In the present invention, the uncertainty of the fuel consumption is determined based on the uncertainty introduced during fuel metering; the relative uncertainty of the average low calorific value of the fuel is calculated based on the default value of the low calorific value; the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of the fuel is calculated based on the default value of the carbon content per unit calorific value; the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel is calculated based on the selected default value, thereby achieving an accurate and comprehensive calculation of the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the fuel.

[0011] In an alternative embodiment, before determining the relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the purchased and used electricity based on the relative uncertainty of the net purchased electricity, the method further includes: calculating the relative uncertainty of the net purchased electricity using the type B evaluation method based on the maximum allowable error of the electricity meter measurement.

[0012] In an alternative embodiment, the relative uncertainty introduced by the weighing of the weighing scale is calculated using the type B evaluation method, the relative uncertainty introduced by the indicated error of the belt scale weighing is calculated using the type A evaluation method; the relative uncertainty introduced by uneven sampling is calculated using the type B evaluation method, the relative uncertainties introduced by the measurement repeatability of the carbon content of the air-dried basis element and the measurement repeatability of the moisture are calculated using the type A evaluation method, the relative uncertainty introduced by the working curve is calculated using the type B evaluation method, the relative uncertainty introduced by the weighing of the coal sample mass is calculated using the type B evaluation method; the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the coal is calculated using the type B evaluation method based on the selected default value.

[0013] In an alternative embodiment, the uncertainty introduced by the repeatability of fuel density measurement is calculated using the type A evaluation method, the uncertainty introduced by the density meter measurement is calculated using the type B evaluation method, and the relative uncertainty of the standard volume of fuel is calculated using the type B evaluation method; the relative uncertainty of the average net calorific value of fuel is calculated using the type B evaluation method based on the default value of the net calorific value; the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of fuel is calculated using the type B evaluation method based on the default value of the carbon content per unit calorific value; the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of fuel is calculated using the type B evaluation method based on the selected default value.

[0014] In the present invention, by determining different evaluation methods for different sources, accurate calculation of each uncertainty source is achieved.

[0015] In an alternative embodiment, the method further includes: calculating the expanded uncertainty of the carbon emissions of the coal-fired unit based on the combined standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions of the coal-fired unit and the coverage factor.

[0016] In the present invention, by further calculating the expanded uncertainty, a data basis is provided for the quality evaluation of the carbon emissions of the coal-fired unit.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions of a coal-fired unit, the apparatus including: a first evaluation module for determining the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the coal based on the relative uncertainty of the coal consumption, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as received, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the coal; a second evaluation module for determining the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the fuel based on the relative uncertainty of the fuel consumption, the relative uncertainty of the average net calorific value of the fuel, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of the fuel, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel; a third evaluation module for determining the relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the purchased electricity used based on the relative uncertainty of the net purchased electricity; a fourth evaluation module for determining the combined standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions of the coal-fired unit based on the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the coal, the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the fuel, and the relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the purchased electricity used.

[0018] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer device, including: a memory and a processor, which are communicatively connected to each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to execute the method for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions of a coal-fired unit according to the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof.

[0019] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer instructions are stored, and the computer instructions are used to cause a computer to execute the method for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions of a coal-fired unit according to the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof.

[0020] Fifthly, the present invention provides a computer program product, including computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to cause a computer to execute the method for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions of a coal-fired unit according to the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof. Description of the Drawings

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions of a coal-fired unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a flow chart of the type A evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is a flow chart of the type B evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 is a schematic flow chart of another method for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions of a coal-fired unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 is a structural block diagram of the device for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions of a coal-fired unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 is a schematic hardware structure diagram of the computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of a method for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions from a coal-fired unit is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. And although the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than here.

[0030] In this embodiment, a method for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions from a coal-fired unit is provided, which can be used in electronic devices such as computers, mobile phones, and tablet computers. Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a method for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions from a coal-fired unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0031] Step S101, determine the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the coal based on the relative uncertainty of the coal consumption, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as received, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the coal.

[0032] Step S102, determine the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the fuel based on the relative uncertainty of the fuel consumption, the relative uncertainty of the average low calorific value of the fuel, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of the fuel, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel.

[0033] Step S103, determine the relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the purchased electricity based on the relative uncertainty of the net purchased electricity.

[0034] Step S104, determine the combined standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions of the coal-fired unit based on the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the coal, the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the fuel, and the relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the purchased electricity.

[0035] Uncertainty is a non-negative parameter that characterizes the dispersion of the quantity value assigned to the measured quantity, indicating the reliability of the result, and is an index for measuring the quality of the measurement result in the metrology field. In the uncertainty evaluation, a measurement model needs to be established. When the measured quantity (i.e., the output quantity) Y is determined by N influencing parameters X1, X2,..., X N (i.e., the input quantity) through a linear measurement function f, the measurement model is as follows:

[0036] Y = f(X1, X2,..., X N )

[0037] When analyzing measurement uncertainty, the uncertainty of each input quantity in the measurement model is a source of the uncertainty of the output quantity. Measurement uncertainty generally consists of several components, and each component is characterized by an estimated value of the standard deviation of its probability distribution, which is the standard uncertainty.

[0038] Furthermore, when the measurand Y is determined by N other quantities X1, X2,... X N through the linear measurement function f, the estimated value y of the measurand is:

[0039] y = f(x1, x2,..., x N )

[0040] The formula for calculating the combined standard uncertainty u(y) of the estimated value y of the measurand is as follows:

[0041]

[0042] In the formula: y represents the estimated value of the measurand Y, also known as the estimated value of the output quantity. x i represents the estimated value of the input quantity X i , also known as the estimated value of the i-th input quantity. represents the partial derivative of the function between the measurand Y and the relevant input quantity X i with respect to the input quantity x i , called the sensitivity coefficient. u(x i ) represents the standard uncertainty of the input quantity x i , and r(x i , x j ) represents the correlation coefficient between the input quantity x i and x j . The sensitivity coefficient is a signed and unit-bearing quantity value, which indicates the sensitivity of the uncertainty u(x i ) of the influencing parameter x to the uncertainty u i (y) of the estimated value of the measurand. In some cases, it is difficult to obtain the sensitivity coefficient through function calculation and it can be determined experimentally, that is, by changing a specific input quantity X c and measuring the change in the output quantity Y caused thereby. i

[0043] When the input quantities are all uncorrelated, the correlation coefficient is zero. The combined standard uncertainty u c (y) is expressed by the following formula: <\\

[0044]

[0045] In the formula, c iIt represents the sensitivity coefficient. In addition, the combined relative standard uncertainty is the combined standard uncertainty divided by the absolute value of the measured value, and the relative standard uncertainty is the standard uncertainty divided by the absolute value of the measured value.

[0046] Specifically, in a coal-fired power unit, the mathematical model for calculating its carbon dioxide emissions is expressed by the following formula:

[0047] E = E com + E pow

[0048] = E coal + E oil + E pow

[0049] In the formula, E represents the total carbon dioxide emissions of the unit, in tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2); E coal represents the carbon emissions generated by coal combustion, in tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2); E oil represents the carbon emissions generated by fuel oil combustion, in tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2); E pow represents the carbon emissions generated by purchased electricity used, in tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2).

[0050] Based on the above mathematical model, it can be seen that in a coal-fired power unit, the sources of its carbon dioxide emissions (abbreviated as carbon emissions) include coal combustion, fuel oil combustion, and purchased electricity. Based on this, in this embodiment, when calculating the uncertainty of carbon emissions of a coal-fired power unit, the uncertainties of carbon emissions generated by coal combustion, fuel oil combustion, and purchased electricity are calculated respectively, and the uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by the coal-fired power unit is obtained through the combined relative standard uncertainty of the three.

[0051] Among them, the mathematical model for calculating the carbon emissions generated by coal combustion is expressed by the following formula:

[0052]

[0053] In the formula, E coal represents the carbon emissions of coal combustion, in tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2); FC coal represents the consumption of coal, in tons (t); C ar represents the carbon content of the coal as received on an elemental basis, in tons of carbon per ton (tC / t); OF coal represents the carbon oxidation rate of the coal, expressed in %. It represents the ratio of the relative molecular mass of carbon dioxide to carbon. Based on this, when calculating the uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by coal combustion in this embodiment, the relative uncertainty of the coal consumption, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as received basis element, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the coal are calculated respectively, and the uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by coal combustion is obtained through the combined relative standard uncertainty of the three.

[0054] The mathematical model for calculating the carbon dioxide emissions generated by fuel oil combustion is expressed by the following formula:

[0055]

[0056] In the formula: E oil represents the carbon emissions of fuel oil combustion, in tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2); FC oil represents the consumption of fuel oil, in tons (t); NCV oil represents the average low calorific value of fuel oil, in gigajoules per ten thousand standard cubic meters (GJ / 10 4 Nm 3 );CC oil represents the carbon content per unit calorific value of fuel oil, in tons of carbon per gigajoule (tC / GJ); OF oil represents the carbon oxidation rate of fuel oil, expressed in %; It represents the ratio of the relative molecular mass of carbon dioxide to carbon. Based on this, when calculating the uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by fuel oil combustion in this embodiment, the relative uncertainty of the fuel oil consumption, the relative uncertainty of the average low calorific value of fuel oil, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of fuel oil, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of fuel oil are calculated respectively, and the uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by fuel oil combustion is obtained through the combined relative standard uncertainty of the four.

[0057] The mathematical model for calculating the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the purchased electricity used is expressed by the following formula:

[0058] E pow =AD pow ×EF pow

[0059] In the formula: E pow represents the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the net purchased electricity used, in tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2); AD pow represents the net purchased electricity, in megawatt-hours (MWh); EF pow represents the annual average power supply emission factor of the regional power grid, in tons of carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour (tCO2 / MWh). Based on this, when calculating the uncertainty of the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the purchased electricity used in this embodiment, it is determined based on the relative uncertainty of the net purchased electricity.

[0060] Since the carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion are not related to the carbon emissions from purchased electricity, the combined standard uncertainty calculated for the carbon dioxide emissions of a coal-fired unit is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] In the formula, u(E) represents the uncertainty in the carbon emissions calculation of a coal-fired unit; u(E com ) represents the uncertainty in the carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion; u(E pow ) represents the uncertainty in the carbon emissions from purchased electricity; u(E coal ) represents the uncertainty in the carbon emissions from coal combustion; u(E oil ) represents the uncertainty in the carbon emissions from fuel oil combustion.

[0063] The method for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions of a coal-fired unit provided by the embodiments of the present invention solves the problem that it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the quality of carbon emissions data accounting in the national carbon market. By analyzing the sources affecting the accuracy of carbon emissions accounting, uncertainty evaluation is carried out, and finally, the data accuracy and weak links in data quality are diagnosed through the uncertainty results, providing a method for guiding the improvement of data quality for coal-fired power generation enterprises.

[0064] In this embodiment, a method for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions of a coal-fired unit is provided. The method includes the following steps:

[0065] Step S201, determining the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by coal based on the relative uncertainty of coal consumption, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content of coal as received in terms of elements, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of coal.

[0066] According to the above analysis, the sources of uncertainty in the carbon dioxide emissions calculation from coal combustion include: the uncertainty component introduced by weighing coal consumption, the uncertainty component introduced by detecting the carbon content of coal in terms of elements, and the uncertainty component introduced by selecting a default value for the carbon oxidation rate of coal. Thus, the formula for the relative uncertainty of the carbon dioxide emissions generated by coal combustion is as follows:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula: u r (E coal ) represents the relative uncertainty of the carbon emissions from coal combustion, expressed in %; u r (FC coal ) represents the relative uncertainty of coal consumption, expressed in %; u r (C ar ) represents the relative uncertainty of the carbon content of coal as received in terms of elements, expressed in %; ur (OF coal ) represents the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of coal combustion, expressed in %.

[0069] In an alternative embodiment, the coal consumption can be weighed by a belt scale, and at the same time, an electronic truck scale can be used as a control scale to verify the coal quantity weighed by the belt scale. At this time, the weighing uncertainty of the coal consumption mainly includes the measurement uncertainty component introduced by the weighing of the control scale and the uncertainty component introduced by the indication error of the belt scale weighing. Since the input quantities are not correlated with each other, the combined relative standard uncertainty of the coal consumption is calculated using the following formula:

[0070]

[0071] Where: u r (cwi) represents the relative uncertainty introduced by the weighing of the control scale, expressed in %; u r (bes) represents the relative uncertainty introduced by the indication error of the belt scale weighing, expressed in %. Among them, the relative uncertainty introduced by the weighing of the control scale is calculated using the type B evaluation method, and the relative uncertainty introduced by the indication error of the belt scale weighing is calculated using the type A evaluation method. In addition, in other embodiments, the coal consumption can also be weighed in other ways and verified using other control scales. Correspondingly, the uncertainty calculation method of the coal consumption is adjusted according to the corresponding weighing method and verification method.

[0072] Specifically, according to the measurement of X i A series of measured values x i The method of obtaining the experimental standard deviation is type A evaluation, and the method of obtaining the standard deviation estimate value based on the prior probability distribution estimated according to relevant information is type B evaluation. Type A evaluation is carried out based on repeatability or reproducibility tests, which is relatively real, objective, and persuasive. Type B evaluation sometimes depends on human experience and is a relatively approximate estimate.

[0073] As Figure 2 shown, when using the type A evaluation method, the measured quantity is independently and repeatedly observed. Through a series of obtained measured values, the experimental standard deviation s(x) is obtained using statistical analysis methods. When using the arithmetic mean as the estimated value of the measured quantity, the type A standard uncertainty of the estimated value of the measured quantity is calculated using the formula:

[0074]

[0075] As Figure 3 shown, the type B evaluation method is to judge the possible value range of the measured quantity according to relevant information or experience Assume the probability distribution of the measured value. Determine the coverage factor k according to the probability distribution and the required probability p. Then the type B standard uncertainty u B The calculation formula is as follows:

[0076]

[0077] The carbon content of the coal as received basis is determined by the following formula:

[0078]

[0079] In the formula: C ar represents the elemental carbon content of the coal sample as received basis, expressed in %; C ad represents the elemental carbon content of the air-dried coal sample, expressed in %; M ar represents the total moisture in the coal, expressed in %; M ad represents the inherent moisture of the sample, expressed in %. Among them, the elemental carbon content of the air-dried coal sample is calculated by the following formula:

[0080]

[0081] In the formula: C ad represents the elemental carbon content of the air-dried coal sample, expressed in %; m c represents the mass of carbon element in the coal sample, in milligrams (mg); m1 represents the mass of the air-dried coal sample, in milligrams (mg).

[0082] The sources of uncertainty in the carbon content of the coal as received basis mainly include: the uncertainty introduced by uneven sampling; the uncertainty introduced by the accuracy of the elemental analyzer; the uncertainty introduced by measurement repeatability; the uncertainty introduced by the working curve; the uncertainty introduced by weighing; the uncertainty introduced by moisture measurement. Since the input quantities are uncorrelated, the relative standard uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as received basis is expressed as:

[0083]

[0084] In the formula: u r (C ar,cam ) represents the relative uncertainty introduced by uneven sampling, expressed in %; u r (C ad ) represents the relative uncertainty introduced by the elemental carbon content of the air-dried basis, expressed in %; u r (M ar ) represents the relative uncertainty introduced by the total moisture measurement, expressed in %; u r (M ad ) represents the relative uncertainty introduced by the inherent moisture measurement, expressed in %.

[0085] The relative standard uncertainty of the carbon content on dry basis is expressed as:

[0086]

[0087] Where: u r (C ad,ea ) represents the relative uncertainty introduced by the accuracy of the elemental analyzer, expressed in %; u r (C ad,rep ) represents the relative uncertainty introduced by the measurement repeatability, expressed in %; u r (cal) represents the relative uncertainty introduced by the working curve, expressed in %; u r (m1) represents the relative uncertainty introduced by the mass of the coal sample, expressed in %. Among them, the relative uncertainty introduced by uneven sampling is calculated by the type B evaluation method, the relative uncertainty introduced by measurement repeatability is calculated by the type A evaluation method, the relative uncertainty introduced by the working curve is calculated by the type B evaluation method, and the relative uncertainty introduced by the mass of the coal sample is calculated by the type B evaluation method.

[0088] According to the measurement method in the relevant technology, the sources of the uncertainty of the total moisture measurement include the uncertainty introduced by the weighing of the as-received coal sample, the uncertainty introduced by the weighing after drying, and the uncertainty introduced by the measurement repeatability. Then the relative uncertainty u r (M ar) is expressed as:

[0089]

[0090] Where: u r (m a ) represents the relative standard uncertainty (abbreviation: relative uncertainty) introduced by the weighing mass of the as-received coal sample; u r (m b ) represents the uncertainty introduced by the weighing after drying of the as-received coal sample; u r (M ar,rep ) represents the relative standard uncertainty introduced by the measurement repeatability of the total moisture. Among them, the relative standard uncertainty introduced by the weighing mass of the as-received coal sample is calculated by the type B evaluation method, the uncertainty introduced by the weighing after drying of the as-received coal sample is calculated by the type B evaluation method, and the relative standard uncertainty introduced by the measurement repeatability of the total moisture is calculated by the type A evaluation method.

[0091] According to the measurement method in the relevant technology, the sources of the uncertainty of the inherent moisture measurement include the uncertainty introduced by the weighing of the air-dried coal sample, the uncertainty introduced by the weighing after drying, and the uncertainty introduced by the measurement repeatability. Then the relative uncertainty u r (M ad) is expressed as:

[0092]

[0093] In the formula: u r (m c ) represents the relative standard uncertainty introduced by the weighing mass of the air-dried coal sample; u r (m f ) represents the relative standard uncertainty introduced by the weighing mass of the sample after drying in the air-dried basis; u r (M ad,rep ) represents the relative standard uncertainty introduced by the repeatability of the internal moisture measurement. Among them, the relative standard uncertainty introduced by the weighing mass of the air-dried coal sample is calculated by the type B evaluation method, the relative standard uncertainty introduced by the weighing mass of the sample after drying in the air-dried basis is calculated by the type B evaluation method, and the relative standard uncertainty introduced by the repeatability of the internal moisture measurement is calculated by the type A evaluation method.

[0094] The relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the coal is calculated by the type B evaluation method based on the selected default value.

[0095] Step S202, determine the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the fuel based on the relative uncertainty of the fuel consumption, the relative uncertainty of the average low calorific value of the fuel, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of the fuel, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel.

[0096] Specifically, the relative uncertainty of the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the fuel combustion (here only the combined relative standard uncertainty) is calculated by the following formula:

[0097]

[0098] In the formula: u r (E oil ) represents the relative uncertainty of the carbon emissions from the fuel combustion, expressed in %; u r (FC oil ) represents the relative uncertainty of the fuel consumption, expressed in %; u r (NCV oil ) represents the relative uncertainty of the average low calorific value of the fuel, expressed in %; u r (CC oil ) represents the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of the fuel, expressed in %; u r (OF oil ) represents the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel, expressed in %.

[0099] The fuel consumption is measured by an oil tank. Moreover, the fuel consumption is obtained by multiplying the volume of fuel consumed by the fuel density. Therefore, the uncertainty components of fuel consumption include: the uncertainty component introduced by the fuel volume and the uncertainty component introduced by the measurement of fuel density. Among them, the fuel consumption is calculated using the following formula:

[0100]

[0101] In the formula: FC oil represents the fuel consumption, with the unit of ton (t); ρ 20 represents the standard density, that is, the density at the standard temperature of 20 °C, kg / m 3 ; V 20 represents the standard volume, that is, the volume at the standard temperature of 20 °C, m 3 ; then the relative uncertainty of fuel consumption is calculated using the following formula:

[0102]

[0103] In the formula: u r (ρ 20 ) represents the relative uncertainty of the fuel standard density, expressed in %; u r (V 20 ) represents the relative uncertainty of the fuel standard volume, expressed in %.

[0104] The fuel density is obtained by converting the density meter reading (apparent density) at the measurement temperature to the density at the standard temperature. The density conversion method provided by GB / T 1885 is a unified conversion method, and the uncertainty component introduced thereby can be ignored. Therefore, the sources of uncertainty in fuel density measurement include: the uncertainty u r,rep (ρ 20 ) introduced by measurement repeatability and the uncertainty u r (ρ t ) introduced by the density meter measurement. Since the input quantities are not correlated, the formula for calculating the relative standard uncertainty of fuel consumption is:

[0105]

[0106] In the formula, u r,rep (ρ 20 ) represents the uncertainty introduced by measurement repeatability, and u r (ρ t ) represents the uncertainty introduced by the density meter measurement. The uncertainty introduced by measurement repeatability is calculated using the type A evaluation method, and the uncertainty introduced by the density meter measurement is calculated using the type B evaluation method.

[0107] The fuel volume is calculated using the following formula:

[0108] V 20 =V t ·VCF

[0109] Where: V t represents the volume at the measured temperature, m 3 ; VCF represents the volume correction factor, that is, the ratio of the volume at the standard temperature to the volume at the non-standard temperature. The volume correction factor is determined according to the volume correction factor table provided by GB / T1885, and the uncertainty component introduced thereby is ignored. Since the calculation of the fuel volume involves many parameters and the data is not easy to obtain. According to the provisions of GB / T 9110, the uncertainty of the fuel volume calculation should not be greater than 0.25%. Since the proportion of fuel carbon emissions is relatively small, it is taken as 0.25% here.

[0110] That is, u r (V t ) = 0.25%. Therefore, the relative uncertainty u r (V 20 ) = u r (V t ) = 0.25%.

[0111] The relative uncertainty of the average low calorific value of the fuel is calculated by the type B evaluation method based on the default value of the low calorific value; the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of the fuel is calculated by the type B evaluation method based on the default value of the carbon content per unit calorific value; the relative uncertainty of the fuel carbon oxidation rate is calculated by the type B evaluation method based on the selected default value.

[0112] Step S203, determine the relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the purchased and used electricity based on the relative uncertainty of the net purchased electricity; among them, the purchased and used electricity of the coal-fired unit is measured by an electric meter. The annual average power supply emission factor of the regional power grid is a fixed value regularly released by the state, and the uncertainty introduced thereby is not considered here. Therefore, the source of uncertainty in the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the purchased and used electricity is the purchased and used electricity volume.

[0113] The relative uncertainty of the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the purchased and used electricity is:

[0114] u r (E pow ) = u r (AD pow )

[0115] Where: u r (E pow ) represents the relative uncertainty of the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the net purchased and used electricity, expressed in %; u r (AD pow)Represents the relative uncertainty of the enterprise's net purchased electricity, expressed in %.

[0116] When calculating the relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated from the purchased electricity, based on the maximum allowable error of the electricity meter measurement, the B - type evaluation method is used to calculate the relative uncertainty of the net purchased electricity.

[0117] Step S204, determine the combined standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions of the coal - fired unit based on the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated from coal combustion, the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated from fuel oil combustion, and the relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated from the purchased electricity. For details, please refer to Figure 1 Step S104 of the illustrated embodiment, which will not be elaborated here. As Figure 4 As shown, based on the above steps S201 to S204, the evaluation of uncertainty is realized through several processes: source analysis of uncertainty, uncertainty source indicators, uncertainty source components, measurement methods, and selection of the expected uncertainty synthesis by the evaluation method.

[0118] Step S205, calculate the expanded uncertainty of the carbon emissions of the coal - fired unit based on the combined standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions of the coal - fired unit and the coverage factor.

[0119] The expanded uncertainty is the half - width of the interval containing the possible values of the measured quantity. The expanded uncertainty is divided into U and U p Two types. When presenting the measurement result, generally report the expanded uncertainty U.

[0120] (1) Expanded uncertainty U

[0121] The expanded uncertainty is obtained by multiplying the combined standard uncertainty by the coverage factor k:

[0122] U = ku c

[0123] The measurement result can be expressed by the following formula:

[0124] Y = y ± U

[0125] y is the estimated value of the measured quantity Y. The possible values of the measured quantity Y fall within the interval [y - U, y + U] with a relatively high coverage probability, that is, y - U ≤ y ≤ y + U. The coverage probability that the value of the measured quantity falls within the containing interval depends on the value of the coverage factor k taken. Generally, k takes values of 2 or 3.

[0126] When y and u c (y) represent a probability distribution approximately normal, and in the case of a relatively large effective degree of freedom, if k = 2, the interval determined by it has a coverage probability of approximately 95%. If k = 3, the interval determined by it has a coverage probability of approximately 99%.

[0127] In normal measurements, k = 2 is generally taken. When other values are taken, their sources should be stated. When the expanded uncertainty is given, the value of k taken should generally be indicated; if the value of k is not indicated, it means k = 2.

[0128] (2) Expanded uncertainty Up

[0129] When it is required that the interval determined by the expanded uncertainty has an inclusion probability p close to the specified value, the expanded uncertainty is represented by the symbol. When p is 0.95 or 0.99, they are represented as U 95 and U 99 .

[0130] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0131] U p = k p u c

[0132] k p is the coverage factor for an inclusion probability of p, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0133] k p = t p (v eff )

[0134] According to the effective degrees of freedom v c (y) of the combined standard uncertainty u eff and the required inclusion probability, refer to Appendix B "Table of t p (v) values (t values) at different probabilities p and degrees of freedom v" in JJF 1059.1-2012 to obtain t p (v eff) value, and this value is the coverage factor k p value for an inclusion probability of p. The expanded uncertainty U p = k[[ID=5,5]] p u c (y) provides an interval y ± U p with an inclusion probability of p. When giving U p , the effective degrees of freedom v eff should be given at the same time.

[0135] Therefore, based on the above calculation method of the expanded uncertainty, after calculating the combined standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions of a coal-fired unit, the expanded uncertainty of the carbon emissions of the coal-fired unit can be further calculated.

[0136] In the present invention, based on the uncertainty evaluation method in the metrology field, the accuracy of carbon emission accounting for coal-fired power generation enterprises is calculated, an uncertainty evaluation system for carbon emission accounting is established, each link in the carbon emission calculation process is comprehensively decomposed, and an accuracy evaluation method under different accounting scenarios is proposed.

[0137] In the present invention, all factors affecting the accuracy during uncertainty evaluation are comprehensively considered. Uncertainty evaluation is carried out for each index involved in the accounting, and uncertainty synthesis is performed. Finally, the uncertainty of carbon emission accounting is obtained.

[0138] As a specific application example of the embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 5 shown, the uncertainty of the carbon emissions of a coal-fired power generation unit with a carbon emission of 3,055,62.30 tons is calculated by using the uncertainty evaluation method for the carbon emissions of the coal-fired unit:

[0139] 1. Determine the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by coal based on the relative uncertainty of coal consumption, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content of the as-received coal in elemental form, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of coal.

[0140] 1.1 Calculate the combined relative standard uncertainty of coal consumption based on the relative uncertainty introduced by the control weighing scale and the relative uncertainty introduced by the indicated error of the belt scale weighing. Among them, for the relative uncertainty introduced by the control weighing scale, it can be obtained according to the verification certificate, or calculated according to the maximum allowable error corresponding to the accuracy class of the control weighing scale device. For example, if the accuracy class is 0.5, the maximum allowable error during its use is ±0.5%. Calculated according to the uniform distribution, the relative uncertainty introduced by the control weighing scale is calculated using the following formula:

[0141]

[0142] For the relative uncertainty introduced by the weighing indication error of the belt scale, first obtain the relative indication error of the annual actual coal calibration obtained when the belt scale is calibrated every ten days. The specific data obtained are as follows: -0.06%, -0.12%, -0.06%, -0.47%, -0.41%, -0.29%, -0.35%, -0.29%, -0.47%, -0.41%, -0.35%, -0.35%, -0.29%, -0.12%, -0.12%, -0.06%, -0.18%, -0.06, 0.35%, -0.29%, 0.18%, -0.12%, -0.24%, -0.29%, -0.35%, -0.41%, -0.29%, -0.35%, -0.12%, -0.24%, -0.47, 0.35%, -0.29%, -0.18%, 0.29%, -0.24%, -0.47%, -0.18%, -0.29%. Take the maximum value of the absolute value of the relative indication error of the annual calibration result as the half-width interval and calculate according to the uniform distribution. Then, the relative uncertainty introduced by the weighing indication error of the belt scale is calculated using the following formula:

[0143]

[0144] Thus, the combined relative standard uncertainty of the coal consumption is calculated using the following formula:

[0145]

[0146] 1.2. Based on the relative uncertainty introduced by uneven sampling, the relative uncertainty introduced by the carbon content of the dry basis element, the relative uncertainty introduced by the measurement of the total moisture, and the relative uncertainty introduced by the measurement of the inherent moisture, calculate the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as received basis, which is used as the relative uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as received basis.

[0147] Among them, the carbon content of the dry basis element is measured using an elemental analyzer. The measurement test data of the carbon content of the dry basis element in this embodiment are shown in Table 1 below.

[0148] Table 1 Measurement test data of the carbon content of the dry basis element

[0149]

[0150] 1.2.1. For the uncertainty introduced by uneven sampling, take the example of the reduced sample on a certain day. Sample the coal entering the furnace at a frequency of once per hour and perform tests according to the standard. Take the average value of the test results of the carbon content of the coal as received basis of the whole day's 24 samples and compare it with the test result of the carbon content of the coal as received basis of the reduced sample of one day. Take the relative deviation between the two as the interval half-width and calculate according to the uniform distribution. After analysis, the uncertainty u introduced by uneven sampling r(C ar,cam ) is 3.08%.

[0151] 1.2.2, Evaluation of the measurement uncertainty of the carbon content of the dry basis element.

[0152] For the relative uncertainty introduced by the accuracy of the elemental analyzer, the calibration certificate of the elemental carbon analyzer shows that: U(C ad ) = 0.6%, k = 2. Then its relative uncertainty is:

[0153]

[0154] For the uncertainty introduced by the measurement repeatability, in coal quality analysis, if the pre-evaluation repeatability method is used for calculation, except for those with special requirements, each analysis item of the same coal sample is measured 2 times. By pre-measuring a similar coal sample 10 times in advance, the carbon content C of the dry basis element obtained ad The results are shown in Table 2 below. Then, the carbon content C of the dry basis element is measured twice and the average value is taken. Its standard uncertainty is calculated according to the pre-evaluation repeatability method. ad

[0155] Table 2 Results of 10 measurements of the carbon content of a dry basis coal sample

[0156]

[0157] The repeatability standard uncertainty introduced by the average value of the two repeated measurements in this test is:

[0158]

[0159] u r (C ad,rep ) = 0.042 / 63.92 = 0.066%

[0160] For the uncertainty introduced by the working curve, five standard substances with different carbon contents of the element are selected to measure the deviation caused by the working curve of the elemental carbon analyzer. The measurement data results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0161] Table 3 Measurement data results

[0162] <![CDATA[Carbon content C of reference material on dry basis ad > <![CDATA[Determine the carbon content C of the element ad ′]]> 41.35％ 41.62％ 47.84％ 47.59％ 50.14％ 49.77％ 53.22％ 53.45％ 55.73％ 55.26％

[0163] Taking the maximum absolute value of the relative deviation between the measured carbon content result C ad ′ of the element and the carbon content of the dry basis element provided by the standard substance as the half-width of the interval, and calculating according to the uniform distribution, the uncertainty introduced by the working curve is:

[0164]

[0165] For the uncertainty introduced by the mass of the coal sample, according to the verification certificate, the maximum allowable error of the balance weighing is 0.0001 g. Calculated according to the uniform distribution, the uncertainty introduced by the mass of the coal sample is as follows:

[0166]

[0167] Generally, 100 mg of coal sample is taken for experimental analysis, and the relative standard uncertainty is:

[0168] u r (m1) = 0.000058 / 0.1 = 0.058%

[0169] Therefore, the measurement uncertainty u(C ad ) is:

[0170]

[0171] 1.2.3, Evaluation of the relative uncertainty of the total moisture measurement.

[0172] The uncertainty introduced by the weighing of the as-received coal sample comes from the electronic balance. Taking its maximum allowable error of 0.01 g as the half-width of the interval, the relative uncertainty introduced by the weighing of the as-received coal sample is calculated according to the uniform distribution:

[0173]

[0174] The evaluation method of the uncertainty introduced by the weighing of the dried sample is the same as that of the uncertainty of the coal sample weighing, and its relative uncertainty is:

[0175]

[0176] The results of multiple repeated measurements of the total moisture of this coal sample are 6.54%, 6.58%, 6.61%, 6.48%, and 6.50% respectively. The arithmetic mean of the total moisture determination is M ar = 6.54%. The relative standard uncertainty introduced by the measurement repeatability of the total moisture is calculated by the range method as:

[0177]

[0178] In the formula, R represents the range and C represents the range coefficient.

[0179] Then the relative uncertainty u r (M ar) ) is:

[0180]

[0181] 1.2.4, Evaluation of the relative uncertainty of the inherent moisture measurement.

[0182] The uncertainty introduced by weighing the air-dried basis coal sample comes from the electronic balance. Taking its maximum allowable error of 0.001 g as the half-width of the interval, the relative uncertainty introduced by weighing the air-dried basis coal sample is calculated according to the uniform distribution:

[0183]

[0184] The evaluation method of the uncertainty introduced by weighing the dried sample is the same as that of the uncertainty evaluation method of coal sample weighing, and its relative uncertainty is:

[0185]

[0186] The results of multiple repeated measurements of the inherent moisture in this coal sample are 2.50%, 2.58%, 2.55%, 2.54%, and 2.61% respectively. The arithmetic mean of the inherent moisture measurement is M ad = 2.56%. The relative standard uncertainty introduced by the measurement repeatability of the inherent moisture is calculated by the range method as:

[0187]

[0188] Then the relative uncertainty u r (M ad ) is:

[0189]

[0190] 1.2.5, Evaluation of the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as-received basis.

[0191] The carbon content of the coal as-received basis is obtained by converting the carbon content of the air-dried basis: C ar = 64.32%. The combined standard uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as-received basis is:

[0192]

[0193] 1.3 Calculate the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the coal based on the selected default value.

[0194] The uncertainty of the measured value of the coal carbon oxidation rate comes from the selection of the default value. The default value of the coal carbon oxidation rate is 99%. Calculate the measured values of the carbon oxidation rate of each month of a coal-fired unit according to GB / T 32151.1. The 12 monthly measurement results are: 97.42%, 97.50%, 97.71%, 97.78%, 96.89%, 97.49%, 96.80%, 96.25%, 96.50%, 95.36%, 96.95%, 96.85%. Taking the maximum value of the absolute value of the deviation between the measured value and the default value as the maximum allowable error, calculated according to the uniform distribution, the measurement standard uncertainty of the coal carbon oxidation rate is:

[0195]

[0196] The relative standard uncertainty of the coal oxidation rate is:

[0197]

[0198] 1.4 The combined standard uncertainty of the carbon dioxide emissions generated by coal combustion.

[0199] The combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon dioxide emissions generated by coal combustion is:

[0200]

[0201] 2. Based on the relative uncertainty of fuel consumption, the relative uncertainty of the average low calorific value of fuel, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of fuel, and the relative uncertainty of the fuel carbon oxidation rate, determine the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by fuel.

[0202] 2.1. Calculate the relative uncertainty of fuel consumption based on the relative uncertainty of fuel standard density and the relative uncertainty of fuel standard volume. The relative uncertainty of fuel standard density is determined based on the uncertainty introduced by measurement repeatability and the uncertainty introduced by densitometer measurement.

[0203] 2.1.1. Evaluation of the uncertainty introduced by measurement repeatability.

[0204] A certain fuel oil sample was repeatedly measured 10 times and converted to the standard density at 20 °C. The results of the ten standard densities are as follows: 816.9 kg·m -3 、817.3 kg·m -3 、818.2 kg·m -3 、818.0 kg·m -3 、817.4 kg·m -3 、817.9 kg·m -3 、816.9 kg·m -3 、817.7 kg·m -3 、817.3 kg·m -3 、817.3 kg·m -3 。 The average value of the fuel at 20 °C standard density is 817.5 kg·m 3 。 Calculate according to the Bessel formula:

[0205]

[0206] 2.1.2. Evaluation of the uncertainty introduced by densitometer measurement.

[0207] According to the calibration certificate of the densitometer, the expanded uncertainty of the correction value of the used densitometer is 0.23 kg·m -3 (k = 2), then the uncertainty component introduced by the densitometer measurement is:

[0208]

[0209] 2.1.3, Evaluation of the relative uncertainty of the standard density of fuel oil.

[0210] The combined standard uncertainty of the fuel oil density is:

[0211]

[0212] The relative standard uncertainty of the fuel oil density:

[0213]

[0214] 2.1.4, Evaluation of the relative uncertainty of the standard volume of fuel oil.

[0215] According to the provisions of GB / T 9110, the uncertainty of the fuel oil volume calculation should not be greater than 0.25%. Since the proportion of fuel oil carbon emissions is relatively small, a value of 0.25% is taken here. That is, u r (V t ) = 0.25%, therefore, the relative uncertainty of the fuel oil volume is: u r (V 20 ) = u r (V t ) = 0.25%

[0216] 2.1.5, Evaluation of the relative uncertainty of the fuel oil consumption.

[0217] The combined relative standard uncertainty of the fuel oil consumption is:

[0218]

[0219] 2.2, Relative uncertainty of calculating the average lower calorific value of fuel oil based on the default value of the lower calorific value.

[0220] A certain unit uses the default value of the lower calorific value of diesel oil, 42652 kJ / kg, to calculate the carbon emissions of fuel oil. The measured values of the lower calorific value of diesel oil for a certain month of this unit are 42422 kJ / kg, 42367 kJ / kg, 42501 kJ / kg, 42388 kJ / kg, 42658 kJ / kg, 25403 kJ / kg, 42511 kJ / kg, 42398 kJ / kg. Taking the maximum deviation between the measured value and the default value as the half-width of the interval, the uncertainty introduced by using the default value for the lower calorific value of fuel oil is calculated according to the uniform distribution as:

[0221]

[0222] 2.3. Calculate the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of fuel based on the default value of the carbon content per unit calorific value.

[0223] A certain unit calculates the carbon emissions of fuel using the default value of 20.2 tC / TJ for the carbon content per unit calorific value. The measured values of the carbon content per unit calorific value of diesel in different months of this unit are 20.176 tC / TJ, 20.189 tC / TJ, 20.184 tC / TJ, 20.201 tC / TJ, 20.183 tC / TJ, 20.217 tC / TJ, 20.192 tC / TJ, and 20.199 tC / TJ respectively. Calculated according to the uniform distribution, the uncertainty introduced by using the default value for the lower calorific value of fuel is:

[0224]

[0225] 2.4. Calculate the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of fuel based on the selected default value.

[0226] The default value of the carbon oxidation rate of fuel is 98%. Taking the reference empirical value of 2% as the maximum allowable error and calculating according to the uniform distribution, the relative standard uncertainty of the measurement of the carbon oxidation rate of fuel is:

[0227]

[0228] 2.5. Evaluate the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by fuel.

[0229] The combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon dioxide emissions generated by fuel combustion:

[0230]

[0231] The carbon emissions generated by the fuel consumption of an enterprise are 7706.55 tons, then its combined standard uncertainty is:

[0232] u(E oil ) = E oil ·u r (E oil ) = 7706.55 × 1.26% = 97.10 t

[0233] 3. Determine the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the purchased and used electricity based on the relative uncertainty of the net purchased electricity. Determine it according to the electricity meter verification certificate or the maximum allowable error. The maximum allowable error of the electricity meter is 0.2%, then the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the purchased and used electricity is:

[0234]

[0235] u r (E pow ) = u r (AD pow ) = 0.14%

[0236] For an enterprise, the carbon emissions generated from the use of electricity are 80.24 tons, and its combined standard uncertainty is as follows:

[0237] u(E pow ) = E pow ·u r (E pow ) = 80.24 × 0.14% = 0.11 t

[0238] 4. Determine the combined standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions of a coal-fired unit based on the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated from coal combustion, the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated from fuel oil, and the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated from the purchase and use of electricity. According to the calculation results of the above uncertainty components, the uncertainty of the carbon emissions accounting of the coal-fired unit (i.e., the combined standard uncertainty) is as follows:

[0239]

[0240] Its expanded uncertainty is as follows:

[0241] U(E) = u(E)·k = 10030.37 × 2 = 20060.74 t

[0242] When reporting the uncertainty of carbon emissions accounting, the expanded uncertainty is used, and generally k = 2. The final report takes one or two significant figures as required. The result report of the above example is: E = 305562.30 t, U(E) = 20060.74 t; k = 2.

[0243] In this embodiment, a device for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions of a coal-fired unit is also provided. This device is used to implement the above embodiment and the preferred implementation manners, and those that have been described will not be repeated. As used hereinafter, the term "module" can be a combination of software and / or hardware that can achieve a predetermined function. Although the devices described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated.

[0244] This embodiment provides a device for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions of a coal-fired unit, as Figure 5 shown, including:

[0245] The first evaluation module 51 is used to determine the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated from coal combustion based on the relative uncertainty of coal consumption, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as received, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the coal;

[0246] A second evaluation module 52, configured to determine a combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by fuel based on the relative uncertainty of fuel consumption, the relative uncertainty of the average low calorific value of fuel, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of fuel, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of fuel;

[0247] A third evaluation module 53, configured to determine a relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by purchased and used electricity based on the relative uncertainty of the net purchased electricity;

[0248] A fourth evaluation module 54, configured to determine a combined standard uncertainty of carbon emissions of a coal-fired unit based on the combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by coal combustion, the combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by fuel, and the relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by purchased and used electricity.

[0249] The further functional descriptions of the above-mentioned respective modules are the same as those in the corresponding embodiments above, and will not be elaborated here.

[0250] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device having the above-mentioned Figure 5 uncertainty evaluation device for carbon emissions of a coal-fired unit as shown.

[0251] Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 which is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device provided by an optional embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 6 , the computer device includes: one or more processors 10, a memory 20, and interfaces for connecting various components, including a high-speed interface and a low-speed interface. Each component communicates with each other using different buses and can be installed on a common main board or installed in other ways as needed. The processor can process instructions executed within the computer device, including instructions stored in the memory or on the memory to display graphical information of a GUI on an external input / output device (such as a display device coupled to the interface). In some optional embodiments, if necessary, multiple processors and / or multiple buses can be used together with multiple memories and multiple memories. Similarly, multiple computer devices can be connected, and each device provides some necessary operations (for example, as a server array, a set of blade servers, or a multi-processor system). Figure 6 Take one processor 10 as an example in

[0252] The processor 10 may be a central processing unit, a network processor, or a combination thereof. Among them, the processor 10 may further include a hardware chip. The above-mentioned hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit, a programmable logic device, or a combination thereof. The above-mentioned programmable logic device may be a complex programmable logic device, a field-programmable gate array, a generic array logic, or any combination thereof.

[0253] Among them, the memory 20 stores instructions executable by at least one processor 10, so that at least one processor 10 executes the method shown in the above embodiments.

[0254] The memory 20 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. Among them, the program storage area may store an operating system and application programs required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of a computer device presented by a kind of landing page of a small program, etc. In addition, the memory 20 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage devices. In some alternative embodiments, the memory 20 may optionally include a memory remotely provided with respect to the processor 10, and these remote memories may be connected to the computer device through a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include but are not limited to the Internet, an enterprise intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0255] The memory 20 may include a volatile memory, such as a random access memory; the memory may also include a non-volatile memory, such as a flash memory, a hard disk, or a solid-state drive; the memory 20 may also include a combination of the above types of memories.

[0256] The computer device further includes a communication interface 30 for the computer device to communicate with other devices or communication networks.

[0257] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium. The method according to the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, firmware, or be implemented as computer code that is recordable on a storage medium, or be implemented as computer code that is originally stored in a remote storage medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and downloaded through a network and will be stored in a local storage medium, so that the method described herein can be stored as such software processing on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. Among them, the storage medium can be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory, a random access memory, a flash memory, a hard disk, or a solid-state drive, etc.; further, the storage medium can also include a combination of the above-mentioned types of memories. It can be understood that a computer, a processor, a microprocessor controller, or programmable hardware includes a storage component that can store or receive software or computer code. When the software or computer code is accessed and executed by the computer, the processor, or the hardware, the method shown in the above embodiments is implemented.

[0258] A part of the present invention can be applied as a computer program product, for example, computer program instructions. When executed by a computer, through the operation of the computer, the methods and / or technical solutions according to the present invention can be invoked or provided. Those skilled in the art should understand that the forms in which computer program instructions exist in a computer-readable medium include, but are not limited to, source files, executable files, installation package files, etc. Correspondingly, the ways in which computer program instructions are executed by a computer include, but are not limited to: the computer directly executes the instruction, or the computer compiles the instruction and then executes the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reads and executes the instruction, or the computer reads and installs the instruction and then executes the corresponding installed program. Herein, the computer-readable medium can be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium accessible by the computer.

[0259] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions from a coal-fired unit, characterized in that, The method includes: Determining the combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by coal combustion based on the relative uncertainty of coal consumption, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as-received basis element, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the coal; Determining the combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by fuel oil based on the relative uncertainty of fuel oil consumption, the relative uncertainty of the average low calorific value of the fuel oil, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of the fuel oil, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel oil; Determining the combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by the purchased and used electricity based on the relative uncertainty of the net purchased electricity; Determining the combined standard uncertainty of carbon emissions of the coal-fired unit based on the combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by coal combustion, the combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by fuel oil, and the combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by the purchased and used electricity.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein Before determining the combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by coal combustion based on the relative uncertainty of coal consumption, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as-received basis element, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the coal, the method further includes: Calculating the combined relative standard uncertainty of coal consumption based on the relative uncertainty introduced by the control weigher weighing and the relative uncertainty introduced by the indicated error of the belt scale weighing as the relative uncertainty of coal consumption; Calculating the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as-received basis element based on the relative uncertainty introduced by uneven sampling, the relative uncertainty introduced by the carbon content of the air-dried basis element, the relative uncertainty introduced by the total moisture measurement, and the relative uncertainty introduced by the inherent moisture measurement as the relative uncertainty of the carbon content of the coal as-received basis element. The relative uncertainty introduced by the carbon content of the air-dried basis element is determined based on the relative uncertainty introduced by the accuracy of the elemental analyzer, the relative uncertainty introduced by the measurement repeatability of the element, the relative uncertainty introduced by the working curve, and the relative uncertainty introduced by the mass of the coal sample. The relative uncertainty introduced by the total moisture measurement and the relative uncertainty introduced by the inherent moisture measurement are both calculated using the relative uncertainty introduced by the moisture measurement repeatability and the relative uncertainty introduced by the weighed mass of the dried sample; Calculating the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the coal based on the selected default value.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein Before determining the combined relative standard uncertainty of carbon emissions generated by fuel oil based on the relative uncertainty of fuel oil consumption, the relative uncertainty of the average low calorific value of the fuel oil, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of the fuel oil, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel oil, the method further includes: Calculating the relative uncertainty of fuel oil consumption based on the relative uncertainty of the standard density of the fuel oil and the relative uncertainty of the standard volume of the fuel oil. The relative uncertainty of the standard density of the fuel oil is determined based on the uncertainty introduced by the measurement repeatability and the uncertainty introduced by the density meter measurement; Calculating the relative uncertainty of the average low calorific value of the fuel oil based on the default value of the low calorific value; Calculating the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of the fuel oil based on the default value of the carbon content per unit calorific value; Calculating the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel oil based on the selected default value.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein Before determining the relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated from the purchased and used electricity based on the relative uncertainty of the net purchased electricity, the method further includes: Calculating the relative uncertainty of the net purchased electricity by using the type B evaluation method based on the maximum allowable error measured by the electricity meter.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The relative uncertainty introduced by the weighing of the weighing instrument is calculated by using the type B evaluation method, and the relative uncertainty introduced by the indication error of the belt scale weighing is calculated by using the type A evaluation method; The relative uncertainty introduced by uneven sampling is calculated by using the type B evaluation method, the relative uncertainties introduced by the repeatability of the elemental carbon content measurement in the air-dried basis and the repeatability of the moisture measurement are calculated by using the type A evaluation method, the relative uncertainty introduced by the working curve is calculated by using the type B evaluation method, and the relative uncertainty introduced by the weighing of the coal sample mass is calculated by using the type B evaluation method; The relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the coal is calculated by using the type B evaluation method based on the selected default value.

6. The method according to claim 3, wherein: The uncertainty introduced by the repeatability of the fuel density measurement is calculated by using the type A evaluation method, the uncertainty introduced by the density meter measurement is calculated by using the type B evaluation method, and the relative uncertainty of the standard volume of the fuel is calculated by using the type B evaluation method; The relative uncertainty of the average low calorific value of the fuel is calculated by using the type B evaluation method based on the default value of the low calorific value; The relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of the fuel is calculated by using the type B evaluation method based on the default value of the carbon content per unit calorific value; The relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel is calculated by using the type B evaluation method based on the selected default value.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Calculating the expanded uncertainty of the carbon emissions of the coal-fired unit based on the combined standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions of the coal-fired unit and the coverage factor.

8. An apparatus for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions from a coal-fired unit, characterized in that, The device includes: A first evaluation module for determining the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the coal based on the relative uncertainty of the coal consumption, the relative uncertainty of the elemental carbon content of the as-received coal, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the coal; A second evaluation module for determining the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the fuel based on the relative uncertainty of the fuel consumption, the relative uncertainty of the average low calorific value of the fuel, the relative uncertainty of the carbon content per unit calorific value of the fuel, and the relative uncertainty of the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel; A third evaluation module for determining the relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated from the purchased and used electricity based on the relative uncertainty of the net purchased electricity; A fourth evaluation module for determining the combined standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions of the coal-fired unit based on the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the coal, the combined relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated by the fuel, and the relative standard uncertainty of the carbon emissions generated from the purchased and used electricity.

9. A computer device, characterized in that, Including: A memory and a processor, which are communicatively connected to each other. The memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to execute the method for evaluating the uncertainty of the carbon emissions of the coal-fired unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the method for evaluating the uncertainty of carbon emissions of a coal-fired unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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