Self-adaptive energy harvesting type intelligent spacer

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive energy harvesting type intelligent spacer, which can supply power to a monitoring module by capturing vibration energy in an environment, and avoids the situation that the monitoring module cannot work due to insufficient power. The self-adaptive energy harvesting type intelligent spacer comprises a support, a rotating shaft, a power generation module and a monitoring module. The power generation module comprises a first friction power generation unit, a second friction power generation unit and a swinging body; the first friction power generation unit comprises at least one first electrode assembly and at least one second electrode assembly, and the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly can be mutually contacted and / or separated to generate a first electric signal; the second friction power generation unit comprises a stator assembly and a rotor assembly, the stator assembly is fixedly installed on the support, and the rotor assembly is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft. Under the action of external force, the swing body swings around the rotating shaft to drive the first friction power generation unit to generate a first electric signal and drive the rotor assembly to rotate relative to the stator assembly and generate a second electric signal through friction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of power transmission equipment, and particularly to an adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer. Background Art

[0002] Power transmission lines are crucial for maintaining the stable and reliable operation of the power system. However, their long laying mileage and complex laying environment pose great challenges to the safety maintenance of power transmission lines. Installing wireless power sensors on power transmission lines to monitor the line operation status is an effective solution. However, powering the wireless power sensors with batteries requires regular battery replacement. Since power transmission lines are erected at high altitudes and are affected by the environment, it is difficult to replace the batteries at high altitudes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a self-powered monitoring device. Summary of the Invention

[0003] An adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer provided by this application can self-harvest energy to power the monitoring module.

[0004] An adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer provided by this application is installed on a high-voltage power transmission line and includes a bracket, a rotating shaft, a power generation module, and a monitoring module. The power generation module is used to power the monitoring module. The power generation module is installed on the bracket. The power generation module includes a first triboelectric power generation unit, a second triboelectric power generation unit, and at least one swinging body. The swinging body is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft. The first triboelectric power generation unit and the swinging body are arranged along a first direction. The second triboelectric power generation unit and the swinging body are arranged along a second direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and perpendicular to the direction of gravity. The second direction is the axial direction of the rotating shaft. The first triboelectric power generation unit includes at least one first electrode assembly and at least one second electrode assembly. The at least one first electrode assembly and the at least one second electrode assembly can contact and / or separate from each other to generate a first electrical signal. The second triboelectric power generation unit includes a stator assembly and a rotor assembly. The stator assembly is fixedly installed on the bracket. The rotor assembly is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft. Under the action of an external force, the swinging body swings around the rotating shaft to drive the first triboelectric power generation unit to generate the first electrical signal. And the swinging body swings around the rotating shaft to drive the rotor assembly to rotate relative to the stator assembly and generate a second electrical signal by friction.

[0005] In the above embodiments, the external force can be, for example, a wind-induced force. The swinging body can simultaneously drive the first triboelectric power generation unit and the second triboelectric power generation unit to generate electrical signals to power the monitoring module, thereby monitoring the ice-covered transmission line, avoiding the situation where the monitoring module cannot work due to insufficient power, and at the same time solving the problem of inconvenient battery replacement for the monitoring module in harsh environments. Both the first triboelectric power generation unit and the second triboelectric power generation unit are triboelectric generators. Driven by the swinging body, they can respond to and capture the energy generated by the dancing of the transmission line to achieve the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0006] In one embodiment, the swinging body includes a swinging main body and a mass block fixedly arranged on the swinging main body. The rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the swinging main body, and the mass block is located on the circumference of the rotating shaft.

[0007] In one embodiment, the first electrode assembly includes a first substrate, a first electrode, and a first dielectric layer stacked in sequence; the second electrode assembly includes a second substrate and a second electrode stacked. The first substrate and the second substrate are connected. When the first electrode assembly contacts the second electrode assembly, the first dielectric layer is in contact with the second electrode.

[0008] In one embodiment, the first electrode assembly includes a first substrate, a first electrode, and a first dielectric layer stacked in sequence; the second electrode assembly includes a second substrate, a second electrode, and a second dielectric layer stacked. The first substrate and the second substrate are connected. When the first electrode assembly contacts the second electrode assembly, the first dielectric layer is in contact with the second dielectric layer.

[0009] In one embodiment, the first triboelectric power generation unit further includes a reset member for separating or approaching the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly.

[0010] In one embodiment, the first triboelectric power generation unit is fixedly installed on the swinging body; or, the first triboelectric power generation unit is fixedly installed on the bracket.

[0011] In one embodiment, the stator assembly includes a first surface and a second surface. Along the second direction, there is a height difference between the first surface and the second surface; the rotor assembly includes a plurality of rotor blades, and each rotor blade includes a rotor substrate and a rotor dielectric layer provided on the rotor substrate; the distance L1 between the first surface and the rotor substrate and the distance L2 between the second surface and the rotor substrate satisfy: L1 < L2.

[0012] In one embodiment, the rotor dielectric layer is flexible and can be deformed under an external force; when the rotor assembly rotates relative to the stator assembly, the rotor dielectric layer contacts the first surface and the second surface respectively.

[0013] In one embodiment, the stator assembly includes a stator substrate with a stepped surface, a stepped upper electrode and a stepped lower electrode mounted on the stator substrate. The first surface is the surface of the stepped upper electrode facing the rotor assembly, and the second surface is the surface of the stepped lower electrode facing the rotor assembly; in the initial state, the rotor blade is opposite to the stepped lower electrode.

[0014] In one embodiment, the stator assembly further includes a stator dielectric layer, and the stator dielectric layer covers the side of the stepped upper electrode and the stepped lower electrode facing away from the stator substrate. Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the housing provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 Layout diagram of the power generation module and the rotating shaft in the housing provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the first triboelectric power generation unit provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 Assembly diagram of the swinging body and the rotating shaft provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 Assembly diagram of the swinging body and the rotating shaft provided by another embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 Assembly diagram of the swinging body and the rotating shaft provided by another embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 Assembly diagram of the swinging body and the rotating shaft provided by another embodiment of the present application; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the first triboelectric power generation unit provided by another embodiment of the present application; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the folding fan type first triboelectric power generation unit provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 11 Layout diagram of the folding fan type first triboelectric power generation unit and the swinging body in the housing provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 12A diagram showing the arrangement of a folding fan-type first friction power generation unit and an oscillating body within a housing according to another embodiment of the present application; Figure 13 A diagram showing the arrangement of a folding fan-type first friction power generation unit and an oscillating body within a housing according to another embodiment of the present application; Figure 14 A diagram showing the arrangement of a folding fan-type first friction power generation unit and an oscillating body within a housing according to another embodiment of the present application; Figure 15 A schematic structural diagram of an origami-type first friction power generation unit provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 16 A schematic structural diagram of a flat-plate first friction power generation unit provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 17 An assembly diagram of a second friction power generation unit and a rotating shaft provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 18 A structural diagram of a rotor assembly provided for one embodiment of the present application; Figure 19 A schematic side view of a rotor assembly and a stator assembly provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 20 A schematic side view of a rotor assembly and a stator assembly provided in another embodiment of the present application; Figure 21 A schematic side view of a rotor assembly and a stator assembly provided in another embodiment of the present application; Figure 22 A schematic structural diagram of a stator substrate provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 23 A schematic structural diagram of a stator substrate provided in another embodiment of the present application; Figure 24 A schematic structural diagram of a stator substrate provided in another embodiment of the present application; Figure 25 Another embodiment of the present application provides a schematic side view of a rotor assembly and a stator assembly; Figure 26 Another embodiment of the present application provides a schematic side view of a rotor assembly and a stator assembly; Figure 27 Another embodiment of the present application provides an assembly diagram of a second friction power generation unit and a rotating shaft; Figure 28 The embodiments of the present application provide a schematic diagram of power generation principles.

[0016] Reference numerals: 1 - Bracket; 2 - Rotating shaft; 3 - Power generation module; 31 - First triboelectric power generation unit; 32 - Second triboelectric power generation unit; 33 - Oscillating body; X - First direction; Y - Second direction; 311 - First electrode assembly; 312 - Second electrode assembly; 313 - Resetting member; 321 - Stator assembly; 322 - Rotor assembly; 11 - Bracket body; 12 - Housing; 13 - Spacer clamp body; 331 - Oscillating main body; 3310 - Oscillating part; 3311 - Connecting part; 332 - Mass block; 3321 - First mass block; 3322 - Second mass block; 3323 - Third mass block; 3324 - Fourth mass block; 3325 - Fifth mass block; 3326 - Sixth mass block; 3111 - First substrate; 3112 - First electrode; 3113 - First dielectric layer; 3121 - Second substrate; 3122 - Second electrode; 3123 - Second dielectric layer 301 - First sub - electrode assembly; 302 - Second sub - electrode assembly; 3220 - Rotor blade; 3221 - Rotor substrate; 3222 - Rotor dielectric layer 3210 - First surface; 3211 - Second surface; 3212 - Stator substrate; 3213 - Step upper electrode; 3214 - Step lower electrode; 32121 - Upper substrate part; 32122 - Lower substrate part; 3215 - Stator dielectric layer; 32151 - Upper electrode corresponding part; 32152 - Lower electrode corresponding part; 32123 - Groove. Detailed implementation manners

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the following describes embodiments of the present application in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] The terms used in the following embodiments are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. As used in the specification and appended claims of the present application, the singular forms "a", "an", "the", "above", "said", "this" are also intended to include expressions such as "one or more", unless clearly indicated to the contrary in the context.

[0019] Referring to "one embodiment" or "specific embodiments" described in this specification means that specific features, structures or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment are included in one or more embodiments of the present application. The terms "comprising", "including", "having" and their variants all mean "including but not limited to", unless otherwise particularly emphasized in other ways.

[0020] Spacers are insulating components in high-voltage transmission lines, which consist of multiple split conductors. They are fixed to the conductors. Their core function is to maintain distance between the conductors, preventing whiplash and damping breeze vibration and sub-span oscillation. Mechanically securing the conductors ensures their relative position, preventing collision or entanglement caused by wind or other external forces. Furthermore, in moderate wind speeds, the conductors may experience large, low-frequency oscillations due to wake effects. Spacers limit relative motion of the conductors, thereby reducing the amplitude of these oscillations.

[0021] When ice covers the conductors, transmission line conductors can gallop. Monitoring the ice coverage during galloping provides powerful data support for gallop prevention and control. Related technologies monitor conductors by installing sensors on them. However, these sensors require a power source to operate properly. Traditional chemical battery-powered solutions have a range of issues, including a short lifespan and environmental pollution. These solutions also require regular battery replacement and maintenance.

[0022] In related technologies, using self-powered technology to supplement power is an effective way to extend the life of sensors and eliminate the need for battery replacement. Solar power and CT mutual induction power generation are currently the most widely used power supply methods. However, the low output power of solar cells in inclement weather cannot meet the power supply needs of monitoring equipment. CT mutual induction power generation is only suitable for AC transmission lines and is difficult to apply to UHVDC transmission lines and ground wires.

[0023] Therefore, vibration energy harvesting technology has been widely researched in the field. Among them, triboelectric nanogenerators (FNGs) have attracted widespread attention due to their suitability for capturing disordered, low-frequency vibration energy. Wind-induced vibrations (including breeze vibrations, sub-span vibrations, and conductor galloping) occur under service conditions of transmission lines. Conductor galloping, due to its low-frequency, large-amplitude motion characteristics, poses a significant threat to transmission lines. Directly harvesting the large amounts of vibration energy from FNGs and using them to power sensors has great potential. However, in related technologies, due to Coulomb damping, FNGs often increase their starting frequency while improving energy capture efficiency, which in turn reduces their operating bandwidth and limits their energy harvesting capabilities under transmission line galloping conditions.

[0024] Therefore, how to balance the contradiction between the working bandwidth and energy capture efficiency of the friction nanogenerator caused by Coulomb damping to improve its ability to collect energy from the dancing of transmission lines is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by technicians in this field.

[0025] In view of this, embodiments of the present application provide an adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer based on the power generation principle of a triboelectric nanogenerator, which solves the problem of difficult battery replacement for monitoring devices on high-voltage transmission lines at high altitudes. Moreover, the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer has a relatively high working bandwidth, high energy-harvesting efficiency, and good stability, meeting the needs of icing monitoring on transmission lines. The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 Schematic structural diagram of an adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the housing provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 Layout diagram of the power generation module and the rotating shaft in the housing provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 Schematic structural diagram of a first triboelectric power generation unit provided by an embodiment of the present application. As Figures 1 to 4 shown, an adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer provided by an embodiment of the present application is installed on a high-voltage transmission line, and the transmission line includes multiple conductors. The adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer includes a bracket 1, a rotating shaft 2, a power generation module 3, and a monitoring module (not shown in the figure), and the power generation module 3 is used to supply power to the monitoring module. The power generation module 3 is installed on the bracket 1, and the bracket 1 is fixedly connected to the conductor. The power generation module 3 includes a first triboelectric power generation unit 31, a second triboelectric power generation unit 32, and at least one swinging body 33. The swinging body 33 is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 2. The first triboelectric power generation unit 31 and the swinging body 33 are arranged along a first direction X, and the second triboelectric power generation unit 32 and the swinging body 33 are arranged along a second direction Y. The first direction X, the second direction Y, and the gravity direction Z are perpendicular to each other in pairs, and the second direction Y is the axial direction of the rotating shaft 2. The first triboelectric power generation unit 31 includes at least one first electrode assembly 311 and at least one second electrode assembly 312, and at least one first electrode assembly 311 and at least one second electrode assembly 312 can contact and / or separate from each other to generate a first electrical signal. The second triboelectric power generation unit 32 includes a stator assembly 321 and a rotor assembly 322. The stator assembly 321 is fixedly installed on the bracket 1, and the rotor assembly 322 is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 2.

[0027] Under the action of an external force, the swinging body 33 swings with the rotating shaft 2 as a fixed point to drive the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 to generate a first electrical signal, and the first electrical signal is a pulse signal. At the same time, since both the swinging body 33 and the rotor assembly 322 are installed on the rotating shaft 2, when the swinging body 33 swings, it can drive the rotor assembly 322 to rotate relative to the stator assembly 321, and the rotor assembly 322 and the stator assembly 321 rub against each other to generate a second electrical signal. The second electrical signal is a continuous signal. For the average current, the second electrical signal is greater than the first electrical signal.

[0028] In the above embodiments, the external force can be, for example, a wind-induced force. The swinging body 33 can drive both the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 and the second triboelectric power generation unit 32 to generate electrical signals to supply power to the monitoring module, thereby monitoring the ice-covered transmission line, avoiding the situation where the monitoring module cannot work due to insufficient battery power, and at the same time solving the problem of inconvenient battery replacement for the monitoring module in harsh environments. Both the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 and the second triboelectric power generation unit 32 are triboelectric generators. Driven by the swinging body 33, they adopt two different working modes to respond to and capture the energy generated by the dancing of the transmission line, realizing the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0029] Please continue to refer to Figure 1 , in one embodiment, the bracket 1 includes two oppositely arranged bracket bodies 11, a housing 12, and a plurality of spacer clips 13 for connecting to the wire. The two bracket bodies 11 are arranged along the extending direction of the transmission line. The axial direction of the rotating shaft 2 is consistent with the extending direction of the transmission line. Each bracket body 11 is provided with a through hole in the middle, and the housing 12 is fixedly installed in the two through holes. The two bracket bodies 11 are connected by a connecting member. A plurality of spacer clips 13 are fixedly installed between the two bracket bodies 11. The number of spacer clips 13 can be selected according to the number of wires. The number of spacer clips 13 can be, for example: 4, 6, 8, 10, etc. The power generation module 3, the monitoring module, and the rotating shaft 2 are all installed in the housing 12. It should be noted that the shape of the housing 12 is not specifically limited in this application, and the shape of the housing 12 can be adjusted according to the layout of the power generation module 3 and the monitoring module to maximize the use of available space and improve the captured power density.

[0030] Figure 5 This is an assembly drawing of the swinging body and the rotating shaft provided by an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 5 shown, in one embodiment, the swinging body 33 is an inertial swinging body that can swing using inertia. The swinging body 33 includes: a swinging main body 331 and a mass block 332 fixedly installed on the swinging main body 331. The rotating shaft 2 is fixedly connected to the swinging main body 331, and the mass block 332 is located on the circumference of the rotating shaft 2. The mass block 332 provides a counterweight for the swinging body 33, so that the swinging body 33 has a moment of inertia during the movement process. The swinging body 33 is installed in the housing 12 through the rotating shaft 2, and the rotating shaft 2 is used to transmit the torque output by the swinging body 33 and play a supporting role.

[0031] In order to obtain different resonant frequencies and response torques, the swinging body 33 can adopt various different structures, such as a simple pendulum, a compound pendulum, a double-mass pendulum, a double-mass compound pendulum, etc. By adjusting the weight and position of the mass block 332 of the swinging body 33, the moment of inertia of the device can be changed to achieve the purpose of adjusting the frequency. The weight of the mass block 332 is not specifically limited in this application. The following describes several different structures of the swinging body 33.

[0032] Please continue to refer to Figure 5 , in one embodiment, the swinging body 33 is a simple pendulum structure. Specifically, the swinging main body 331 is a long-shaped structure, such as a rectangle, a strip, etc. The mass block 332 includes a first mass block 3321, and the rotating shaft 2 and the first mass block 3321 are respectively arranged at two opposite ends of the swinging main body 331.

[0033] Figure 6 The assembly drawing of the swinging body and the rotating shaft provided by another embodiment of the present application is as Figure 6 shown. In another embodiment, the swinging body 33 is a double-mass pendulum structure. Specifically, the swinging main body 331 is a long-shaped structure, such as a rectangle, a strip, etc. The mass block 332 includes a second mass block 3322 and a third mass block 3323. The second mass block 3322 and the third mass block 3323 are respectively arranged at two opposite ends of the swinging main body 331. The rotating shaft 2 is located between the second mass block 3322 and the third mass block 3323. And, the distance A1 between the second mass block 3322 and the rotating shaft 2 is not equal to the distance A2 between the third mass block 3323 and the rotating shaft 2. For example: A1 > A2.

[0034] Figure 7 The assembly drawing of the swinging body and the rotating shaft provided by another embodiment of the present application is as Figure 7 shown. In another embodiment, the swinging body 33 is a compound pendulum structure. Specifically, the swinging main body 331 is approximately a fan-shaped structure. The mass block 332 includes at least two fourth mass blocks 3324. The at least two fourth mass blocks 3324 are evenly arranged on the arc edge on the side far from the center of the approximately fan-shaped structure. The rotating shaft 2 is arranged at a position close to the center of the circle.

[0035] Figure 8 The assembly drawing of the swinging body and the rotating shaft provided by another embodiment of the present application is as Figure 8 shown. In another embodiment, the swinging body 33 is a double-mass compound pendulum structure. Along the direction of gravity, the center of gravity of the double-mass compound pendulum structure is located below the rotating shaft. Specifically, the swinging main body 331 is approximately a fan-shaped structure. The mass block 332 includes at least two fifth mass blocks 3325 and at least one sixth mass block 3326. The at least two fifth mass blocks 3325 are evenly arranged on the arc edge far from the center of the approximately fan-shaped structure. The at least one sixth mass block 3326 is arranged on the opposite and closer-to-the-center side of the arc edge. The rotating shaft 2 is arranged between the fifth mass block 3325 and the sixth mass block 3326. And, the distance A3 between the fifth mass block 3325 and the rotating shaft 2 and the distance A4 between the sixth mass block 3326 and the rotating shaft 2 can satisfy the following conditions: A3 > A4, A3 < A4, or A3 = A4.

[0036] In other embodiments, the power generation module 3 may further include a plurality of swing bodies 33, which are arranged along the second direction Y and mounted on the rotating shaft 2. There is a preset distance between the plurality of swing bodies 33, and the structural parameters (such as mass, force arm) of each swing body are different. By increasing the number of swing bodies 33, the resonance frequencies of the power generation module 3 are more dispersed, thereby broadening the response bandwidths of the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 and the second triboelectric power generation unit 32, and thus improving the power generation efficiency.

[0037] The following is an introduction to the first triboelectric power generation unit 31.

[0038] The first triboelectric power generation unit 31 is a contact-separation type triboelectric power generation unit, which generates a first electrical signal through the contact-separation movement of the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312. The contact-separation movement generating the first electrical signal includes the following situations: the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 come into contact to generate the first electrical signal; the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 are separated to generate the first electrical signal; the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 first come into contact and then are separated to generate the first electrical signal.

[0039] Continue to refer to Figure 4 , in one embodiment, the first electrode assembly 311 includes a first substrate 3111, a first electrode 3112, and a first dielectric layer 3113 that are sequentially stacked. The second electrode assembly 312 includes a second substrate 3121 and a second electrode 3122 that are stacked. The ends of the first substrate 3111 and the second substrate 3121 are connected, for example, they can be hinged. When the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 are in contact with each other, the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second electrode 3122 can be in close contact with each other. The first electrode 3112 and the second electrode 3122 can be made of the same material. The electrode polarity of the second electrode 3122 is opposite to that of the first dielectric layer 3113. When the swing body 33 swings under an external force, it will stimulate the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 to move. Specifically, an opening and closing movement occurs between the first substrate 3111 and the second substrate 3121, so that a contact-separation movement occurs between the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second electrode 3122. Due to the difference in electrode polarity between the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second electrode 3122, based on the triboelectric effect, equal amounts of opposite charges will be carried between the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second electrode 3122.

[0040] In the above embodiments, as the opening and closing movement occurs between the first substrate 3111 and the second substrate 3121, the first electrode 3112 is induced by the charges on the first dielectric layer 3113. Based on the principle of electrostatic induction, a potential difference is generated between the first electrode 3112 and the second electrode 3122. To balance the potential difference, charges will flow directionally through an external load (monitoring module) to generate a transient current, thereby outputting a same-frequency alternating current signal. Among them, the second electrode 3122 serves both the functions of triboelectrification and conduction.

[0041] Figure 9 The structural schematic diagram of the first triboelectric power generation unit provided by another embodiment of the present application is as Figure 9 shown. In another embodiment, the first electrode assembly 311 includes a first substrate 3111, a first electrode 3112, and a first dielectric layer 3113 that are sequentially stacked. The second electrode assembly 312 includes a second substrate 3121, a second electrode 3122, and a second dielectric layer 3123 that are stacked. The ends of the first substrate 3111 and the second substrate 3121 are connected. When the first electrode assembly 311 contacts the second electrode assembly 312, the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123 are in contact with each other. The first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123 have opposite polarities.

[0042] In the above embodiments, when the swinging body 33 swings under an external force, a contact-separation movement occurs between the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123. Due to the difference in the polarities of the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123, based on the triboelectrification effect, the surfaces of the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123 will be respectively charged with equal amounts of opposite charges. As the swinging body 33 further moves, based on the principle of electrostatic induction, a potential difference is generated between the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123. To balance the potential difference, charges (taking positive charges as an example) will directly flow directionally through an external load (monitoring module) to generate a transient current. The first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123 serve the function of triboelectrification, and the first electrode 3112 and the second electrode 3122 serve the function of conduction.

[0043] In some of the above embodiments, the first electrode assembly 311 may specifically be a positive contact-separation electrode assembly. Correspondingly, the first substrate 3111 is a positive contact-separation electrode substrate, the first electrode 3112 is a positive contact-separation electrode, and the first dielectric layer 3113 is a positive dielectric material layer. The above second electrode assembly 312 is a negative contact-separation electrode assembly. Correspondingly, the second substrate 3121 is a negative contact-separation electrode substrate, the second electrode 3122 is a negative contact-separation electrode, and the second dielectric layer 3123 is a negative dielectric material layer.

[0044] The structural forms of the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 can be several as follows: for example, a folding fan type contact separation structure, an origami type contact separation structure, and a parallel plate type contact separation structure.

[0045] Figure 10 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of a folding fan type first triboelectric power generation unit provided for an embodiment of the present application, in combination with Figure 4 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10 , in an embodiment, the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 is a folding fan type contact separation structure. Specifically, the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 are arranged at an angle, that is, the first substrate 3111 and the second substrate 3121 are arranged at an angle α, and one end of the first substrate 3111 and the second substrate 3121 is rotatably connected. The first dielectric layer 3113 and the second electrode 3122 are arranged opposite to each other, or the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123 are arranged opposite to each other. By adjusting the size of the angle α, the contact and separation of the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second electrode 3122, or the contact and separation of the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123 are realized.

[0046] In an embodiment, the above angle α satisfies: 0° < α ≤ 45°.

[0047] The first triboelectric power generation unit 31 with a folding fan type contact separation structure may include a plurality of first electrode assemblies 311 and a plurality of second electrode assemblies 312, and the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 are arranged in pairs. The ends of the plurality of first electrode assemblies 311 and the plurality of second electrode assemblies 312 are rotatably connected to form a folding fan structure.

[0048] Among them, the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 in the middle can be fixed together and move synchronously, and contact and separate from the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 on both sides to generate a first electrical signal. It should be noted that the first substrate 3111 of the first electrode assembly 311 in the middle and the second substrate 3121 of the second electrode assembly 312 can be fixed together, or the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 share a substrate. This is not shown in the figure of this embodiment.

[0049] Or, as Figure 10 , two first electrode assemblies 311 are located in the middle and fixed together, and two second electrode assemblies 312 are located on both sides of the first electrode assemblies 311. Specifically, the two first electrode assemblies 311 can share a first substrate 3111, first electrodes 3112 are respectively arranged on both sides of the first substrate 311, and then a first dielectric layer 3113 is covered on the two first electrodes 3112.

[0050] Alternatively, two second electrode assemblies 312 are located in the middle and fixed together, and two first electrode assemblies 311 are located on both sides of the second electrode assemblies 312. Specifically, the two second electrode assemblies 312 can share a second substrate 3121, and second electrodes 3122 are respectively arranged on both sides of the second substrate 3121. This is not shown in the drawings of this embodiment.

[0051] Alternatively, two second electrode assemblies 312 are located in the middle and fixed together, and two first electrode assemblies 311 are located on both sides of the second electrode assemblies 312. Specifically, the two second electrode assemblies 312 can share a second substrate 3121, second electrodes 3122 are respectively arranged on both sides of the second substrate 3121, and a first dielectric layer 3113 is covered on the two first electrodes 3112.

[0052] Please continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , in the initial state, the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 are in a separated state, and the swinging body 33 can drive the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 to contact each other when swinging. In order to enable the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 to be automatically separated. In one embodiment, the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 further includes a reset member 313, and the reset member 313 is used to separate or approach the first electrode assembly 311 from the second electrode assembly 312. The reset member 313 can be, for example, a gravity block, a tension spring or a torsion spring. The gravity block uses gravitational potential energy to reset the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312. For example, the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 are restored to the initial state, and the tension spring or the torsion spring uses elastic potential energy to reset the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312.

[0053] Figure 11 is a layout diagram of the folding fan - type first triboelectric power generation unit and the swinging body provided in an embodiment of the present application in the housing, as Figure 11As shown, in one embodiment, the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer includes two folding fan-shaped first triboelectric power generation units 31. Both first triboelectric power generation units 31 are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the housing 12 of the bracket 1 and symmetrically arranged on either side of an oscillating body 33. As the oscillating body 33 swings, it can alternately strike the two first triboelectric power generation units 31. Each first triboelectric power generation unit 31 includes a first sub-electrode assembly 301 and a second sub-electrode assembly 302. The first sub-electrode assembly 301 is fixed vertically, with the connection between the first and second sub-electrode assemblies 301 and 302 located at the bottom. A reset member 313 (gravity block) is mounted on the end of the second sub-electrode assembly 302 away from the connection end and on the side facing away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301. In the initial state, the first and second sub-electrode assemblies 301 and 302 form an angle. The oscillating body 33 is stationary, in a naturally drooping state. When the swinging body 33 swings under the force of wind, the second sub-electrode assembly 302 can move closer to the first sub-electrode assembly 301 with its connection end as the axis due to the impact of the swinging body 33, causing the fan-shaped structure to contract. During operation, the swinging body 33 strikes the second sub-electrode assembly 302, forcing it closer to the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and reducing the angle between the first and second sub-electrode assemblies 301 and 302. When the swinging body 33 moves away from the second sub-electrode assembly 302, the return member 313 (gravity block) falls downward under the action of gravity, driving the second sub-electrode assembly 302 away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301, increasing the angle between them and causing the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 to open and close, thereby generating a first electrical signal.

[0054] Figure 12 The arrangement diagram of the folding fan type first friction power generation unit and the swing body in the housing is provided in another embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. Figure 12As shown, in another embodiment, the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer includes two folding fan-shaped first triboelectric power generation units 31. Both first triboelectric power generation units 31 are fixedly mounted on the top of the housing 12 of the bracket 1 and symmetrically arranged on either side of an oscillating body 33. As the oscillating body 33 swings, it can alternately strike the two first triboelectric power generation units 31. Each first triboelectric power generation unit 31 includes a first sub-electrode assembly 301 and a second sub-electrode assembly 302. The first sub-electrode assembly 301 is fixed at an angle to the vertical, with the connection between the first and second sub-electrode assemblies 301 and 302 located at the top. A reset member 313 (gravity block) is mounted on the end of the second sub-electrode assembly 302 away from the connection end and on the side facing away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301. In the initial state, the first and second sub-electrode assemblies 301 and 302 form an angle. The oscillating body 33 is stationary, in a naturally drooping state. When the swinging body 33 swings under the force of wind, the second sub-electrode assembly 302 can move closer to the first sub-electrode assembly 301 with its connection end as the axis due to the impact of the swinging body 33, causing the fan-shaped structure to contract. During operation, the swinging body 33 strikes the second sub-electrode assembly 302, forcing it closer to the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and reducing the angle between the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302. When the swinging body 33 moves away from the second sub-electrode assembly 302, the return member 313 (gravity block) falls downward under the action of gravity, driving the second sub-electrode assembly 302 away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and increasing the angle between the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302. This causes the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 to open and close, thereby generating a first electrical signal.

[0055] Figure 13 The arrangement diagram of the folding fan type first friction power generation unit and the swing body in the housing is provided in another embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. Figure 13As shown, in another embodiment, the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer bar includes two folding fan-shaped first triboelectric power generation units 31. Both of the two first triboelectric power generation units 31 are fixedly installed on both sides of the swinging body 33 of the swinging main body 331. Specifically, the swinging main body 331 is strip-shaped and has two long side surfaces facing away from each other along the first direction X. The two first triboelectric power generation units 31 are symmetrically arranged on the two long side surfaces of the swinging body 33. Each first triboelectric power generation unit 31 includes a first sub-electrode assembly 301 and a second sub-electrode assembly 302. The connection ends of the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302 are located at the bottom, and the first sub-electrode assembly 301 is fixedly connected to the swinging main body 331. The first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302 open and close the folding fan-shaped first triboelectric power generation unit 31 by moving closer to or away from each other, thereby generating a first electrical signal. A reset member 313 (gravity block) is installed at the other end of the second sub-electrode assembly 302 away from the connection end and is located on the side facing away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301. In the initial state, the swinging body 33 is stationary and in a natural hanging state. There is an included angle between the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302. When the swinging body 33 swings under the action of wind-induced force, this included angle can change when the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302 move closer to or away from each other. When the swinging body 33 swings to the right, in the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 on the right side, the reset member 313 (gravity block) drops under the action of gravity, driving the second sub-electrode assembly 302 to approach the first sub-electrode assembly 301. In the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 on the left side, the reset member 313 (gravity block) drops under the action of gravity, keeping the second sub-electrode assembly 302 in a state of being away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301. When the swinging body 33 swings to the left, in the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 on the left side, the reset member 313 (gravity block) drops under the action of gravity, driving the second sub-electrode assembly 302 to approach the first sub-electrode assembly 301. In the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 on the right side, the reset member 313 (gravity block) drops under the action of gravity, keeping the second sub-electrode assembly 30 in a state of being away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301.

[0056] Figure 14 The layout diagram of the folding fan-shaped first triboelectric power generation unit and the swinging body in the housing provided for another embodiment of the present application is as Figure 14As shown, in another embodiment, the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer includes two folding fan-shaped first triboelectric power generation units 31, both fixedly mounted on the swinging body 331 of the swinging member 33. The swinging body 331 is T-shaped, comprising a swinging portion 3310 and a connecting portion 3311. The rotating shaft 2 is disposed at one end of the swinging portion 3310, close to the connecting portion 3311, and the mass 332 is disposed at the other end of the swinging portion 3310, away from the rotating shaft 2. The two first triboelectric power generation units 31 are symmetrically disposed at either end of the connecting portion 3311. Each first triboelectric power generation unit 31 includes a first sub-electrode assembly 301 and a second sub-electrode assembly 302, which are connected at their bottoms. The first sub-electrode assembly 301 is fixedly connected to the connecting portion 3311 and is perpendicular to the connecting portion 3311. A reset member 313 (gravity block) is mounted at the other end of the second sub-electrode assembly 302, away from the connecting end, and located on the side facing away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301. In the initial state, the oscillating body 33 is stationary, in a naturally drooping position. An angle exists between the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302. This angle can change as the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302 move closer to or farther from each other. The oscillating body 33 swings under the force of wind. As the oscillating body 33 swings rightward, the reset member 313 (weight block) in the left-side first triboelectric power generation unit 31 drops under the action of gravity, driving the second sub-electrode assembly 302 toward the first sub-electrode assembly 301. In the right-side first triboelectric power generation unit 31, the reset member 313 (weight block) drops under the action of gravity, keeping the second sub-electrode assembly 302 away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301. As the oscillating body 33 swings leftward, the reset member 313 (weight block) in the right-side first triboelectric power generation unit 31 drops under the action of gravity, driving the second sub-electrode assembly 302 toward the first sub-electrode assembly 301. In the first friction power generation unit 31 on the left side, the restoring member 313 (gravity block) falls down under the action of gravity, so that the second sub-electrode assembly 302 remains away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301 .

[0057] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the structure of an origami-type first friction power generation unit provided in one embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 and Figure 15, in one embodiment, the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 is a folded - paper type contact - separation structure. The self - adaptive energy - harvesting intelligent spacer bar includes two first triboelectric power generation units 31, and the two first triboelectric power generation units 31 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the swing body 33 and fixedly connected to the housing 12. When the swing body 33 swings, it impacts the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 to generate a first electrical signal. Specifically, the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 includes a plurality of first electrode assemblies 311 and a plurality of second electrode assemblies 312. The first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 are connected end - to - end and are arranged at an angle to form a folded - paper structure, such as an M - shape, an N - shape, or a W - shape. In the initial state, the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 are at an angle. The first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 located in the middle part of the folded - paper structure can be provided with electrodes on both sides of the substrate, with polarities opposite to those of adjacent electrode assemblies. A torsion spring is provided as a reset member 313 at the connection end of the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312. When the swing body 33 impacts the first triboelectric power generation unit 31, the folded - paper structure contracts, and the plurality of first electrode assemblies 311 and the plurality of second electrode assemblies 312 approach and contact each other. At this time, the torsion spring is compressed to generate a pre - tightening force. When the swing body 33 moves away from the first triboelectric power generation unit 31, the torsion spring is released, and under the action of the pre - tightening force, the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 move away from each other and return to the initial state.

[0058] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the structure of the flat - plate type first triboelectric power generation unit provided by an embodiment of the present application, in combination with Figure 3 and Figure 16, in one embodiment, the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 is a flat contact-separation structure. The self-adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer includes two first triboelectric power generation units 31, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the swinging body 33 and fixedly connected to the housing 12. When the swinging body 33 swings, it impacts the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 to generate a first electrical signal. Specifically, the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 includes a plurality of first electrode assemblies 311 arranged in parallel and a plurality of second electrode assemblies 312. The first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 located in the middle part can be provided with electrodes on both opposite sides, and the polarities of the electrodes are opposite to those of the electrodes in the adjacent electrode assemblies. A tension spring is provided between the adjacent first electrode assemblies 311 and second electrode assemblies 312 as a reset member 313. When the swinging body 33 impacts the first triboelectric power generation unit 31, the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 approach and contact each other, and the distance between the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 gradually decreases, so that the flat contact-separation structure contracts. At this time, the tension spring is compressed to generate a pre-tightening force. When the swinging body 33 moves away from the first triboelectric power generation unit 31, the torsion spring is released, and under the action of the pre-tightening force, the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 move away from each other, and the distance between the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 gradually increases, so that the flat contact-separation structure expands until it returns to the initial state.

[0059] This application does not specifically limit the number of the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 in the above-mentioned folding fan type contact-separation structure, origami type contact-separation structure, and parallel plate type contact-separation structure, and the number can be selected according to actual needs.

[0060] In some of the above embodiments, when the swinging body 33 swings in response to an external excitation (external force), the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 (contact-separation type triboelectric power generation unit) is excited to generate a first electrical signal. That is: driving the positive contact-separation electrode unit and the negative contact-separation electrode unit to come into contact and generating charges due to triboelectrification. When the swinging body 33 moves away from the contact-separation type triboelectric power generation unit, under the action of the reset member 313, the positive contact-separation electrode unit and the negative contact-separation electrode unit will separate again, and due to the electrostatic induction effect, a directional charge flow and current will be generated between the two electrodes, thus realizing the electromechanical conversion of the energy of the transmission line galloping. The first electrical signal generated by the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 is a pulse signal, and the pulse peak value is relatively large.

[0061] As relative movement occurs between the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312, based on the principle of charge induction, a potential difference will be generated on the positive contact separation electrode and the negative contact separation electrode. To balance the potential difference, charges will directly flow directionally through the monitoring module (external load), thereby generating a transient current. When the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer bar of the present application undergoes periodic vibration under external excitation, the induced charges in the first triboelectric unit 31 will flow in the external circuit of the monitoring module, thereby outputting a same-frequency alternating current signal. Among them, the negative contact separation electrode serves both triboelectrification and conduction functions.

[0062] Figure 17 Assembly drawing of the second triboelectric unit and the rotating shaft provided for an embodiment of the present application, Figure 18 Structural diagram of the rotor assembly provided for an embodiment of the present application, Figure 19 Side view schematic diagram of the rotor assembly and the stator assembly provided for an embodiment of the present application, Figure 20 Side view schematic diagram of the rotor assembly and the stator assembly provided for another embodiment of the present application. As Figures 17 to 20 shown, in one embodiment, the second triboelectric unit 32 is a Coulomb damping planar rotation adjustment type triboelectric power generation unit. The second triboelectric unit 32 includes a stator assembly 321 and a rotor assembly 322, and the stator assembly 321 and the rotor assembly 322 are coaxially arranged. The stator assembly 321 includes a first surface 3210 and a second surface 3211, and along the second direction Y, the first surface 3210 and the second surface 3211 have a height difference; the rotor assembly 322 includes a plurality of rotor blades 3220, and each rotor blade 3220 includes a rotor substrate 3221 and a rotor dielectric layer 3222 provided on the rotor substrate 3221. The distance L1 between the first surface 3210 and the rotor substrate 3221 and the distance L2 between the second surface 3211 and the rotor substrate 3221 satisfy: L1 < L2. That is, the distance between the first surface 3210 and the rotor substrate 3221 is relatively close, and the distance between the second surface 3211 and the rotor substrate 3221 is relatively far. Due to the height difference between the first surface 3210 and the second surface 3211, the frictional force is larger when the rotor rotates to the first surface 3210 and smaller when it rotates to the second surface 3211. Therefore, when the rotor rotates, it can change the Coulomb damping suffered during the movement process, and realize the adjustment of the mechanical response ability and energy-harvesting efficiency of the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer bar. In the initial state, the rotor blade 3220 faces the second surface 3211, which can reduce the frictional force of the rotor blade 3220 during startup.

[0063] The number of rotor blades 3220 can be, for example, 2, 3, 4, 6, etc. The present application does not make specific limitations and can be set according to needs.

[0064] In one embodiment, the rotor dielectric layer 3222 is flexible and can be deformed under an external force. When the rotor assembly 322 rotates relative to the stator assembly 321, the rotor dielectric layer 3222 can contact the first surface 3210 and the second surface 3211 respectively. Specifically, the rotor dielectric layer 3222 can be bent from a sheet structure to form a ring shape and fixedly connected to the rotor substrate 3221, or the rotor dielectric layer 3222 can be bent from a sheet structure to form a C-shaped structure, and both ends of the C-shaped structure are connected to the rotor substrate 3221. The axial direction of the ring shape or the C-shaped structure is parallel to the rotor substrate 3221. Since the rotor dielectric layer 3222 is flexible, when contacting the first surface 3210 which is relatively close to it, the annular rotor dielectric layer 3222 is flattened to a relatively large extent by the rotor substrate 3221 and the first surface 3210, and the frictional force is relatively large. When separating from the first surface 3210, the annular rotor dielectric layer 3222 rebounds and returns to its original curvature, so as to be able to contact the second surface 3211 which is farther away. When contacting the second surface 3211, the annular rotor dielectric layer 3222 is flattened to a relatively small extent by the rotor substrate 3221 and the second surface 3211, and the frictional force is relatively small. The rotor dielectric layer 3222 can contact the two surfaces respectively, increasing the power generation amount of the second triboelectric power generation unit 32, improving the power generation efficiency, and also improving the response bandwidth of the second triboelectric power generation unit 32.

[0065] Figure 21 The side view schematic diagram of the rotor assembly and the stator assembly provided for another embodiment of the present application is as Figure 21 shown. In other embodiments, the rotor dielectric layer 3222 can also be a flexible sheet structure. One end of the sheet-shaped rotor dielectric layer 3222 is connected to the rotor substrate 3221, and the other end extends towards the first surface 3210 and the second surface 3211, and the extended length is greater than the distance between the rotor substrate 3221 and the second surface 3211. When the rotor dielectric layer 3222 contacts the first surface 3210, the sheet-shaped rotor dielectric layer 3222 deforms and bends, and the bending amplitude is relatively large, and the frictional force is relatively large. When separating from the first surface 3210, the sheet-shaped rotor dielectric layer 3222 rebounds and returns to its original shape, so as to be able to contact the second surface 3211 which is farther away. When contacting the second surface 3211, the sheet-shaped rotor dielectric layer 3222 deforms and bends again, and the bending amplitude is relatively small, and the frictional force is relatively small.

[0066] In other embodiments, the above-mentioned rotor dielectric layer 3222 can also be rigid. When the rotor assembly 322 rotates relative to the stator assembly 321. Since the rigid rotor dielectric layer 3222 cannot be deformed, the rotor dielectric layer 3222 only contacts the first surface 3210 and cannot contact the second surface 3211, and there is no frictional force with the second surface 3211, and the Coulomb damping is small.

[0067] Continue to refer to Figures 19 to 21 , in one embodiment, the stator assembly 321 includes a stator substrate 3212 with a stepped surface, a stepped upper electrode 3213 and a stepped lower electrode 3214 mounted on the stator substrate 3212. The first surface 3210 is the surface of the stepped upper electrode 3213 facing the rotor assembly 322, and the second surface 3211 is the surface of the stepped lower electrode 3214 facing the rotor assembly 322.

[0068] Figure 22 Schematic diagram of the structure of the stator substrate provided by one embodiment of the present application, Figure 23 Schematic diagram of the structure of the stator substrate provided by another embodiment of the present application, Figure 24 Schematic diagram of the structure of the stator substrate provided by another embodiment of the present application. As Figures 22 to 24 shown, the stator substrate 3212 can be a circular thin structure, including a plurality of fan-shaped upper substrate portions 32121 and a plurality of fan-shaped lower substrate portions 32122. Along the axial direction, the upper substrate portion 32121 is closer to the rotor substrate 3221 than the lower substrate portion 32122. The plurality of upper substrate portions 32121 and the plurality of lower substrate portions 32122 can be arranged at intervals or irregularly. For example, one upper substrate portion 32121 and one lower substrate portion 32122 can be arranged alternately, as Figure 22 ; two lower substrate portions 32122 and one upper substrate portion 32121 can be arranged alternately, as Figure 23 ; two upper substrate portions 32121 and two lower substrate portions 32122 can be arranged alternately (not shown in the figure); half of the upper substrate portions 32121 can be arranged, and the other half of the upper substrate portions 32121 and the lower substrate portions 32122 can be arranged alternately (for example: along the gravity direction, the upper half of the stator substrate 3212 is all upper substrate portions 32121, and the lower half is arranged alternately with upper substrate portions 32121 and lower substrate portions 32122), etc., but not limited to these arrangement methods, as Figure 24 .

[0069] The stepped stator substrate 3212 can automatically adjust the distance between the rotor dielectric layer 3222 and the stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214 during the movement of the second triboelectric power generation unit 32, thereby controlling the Coulomb damping during the movement and realizing the adjustment of the response ability and energy capture efficiency of the second triboelectric power generation unit 32.

[0070] The above-mentioned upper substrate portion 32121 and lower substrate portion 32122 can have the same size; the size of the rotor blade 3220 can be the same as that of the upper substrate portion 32121 or slightly smaller than the upper substrate portion 32121. The present application does not make specific limitations.

[0071] In the initial state, as Figure 20, along the second direction Y, the rotor blade 3220 faces the stepped lower electrode 3214. At this time, the frictional force between the rotor assembly 322 and the stator assembly 321 is relatively small, maintaining a constant distance between the rotor substrate 3221 and the stepped stator substrate 3212. At this time, the distance between the rotor substrate 3221 and the stepped lower electrode 3214 is relatively far, and the Coulomb damping borne by the second triboelectric power generation unit 32 is also relatively small, having a weak impact on the mechanical response ability. When the rotor assembly 322 makes a swinging motion driven by the swinging body 33, the rotor dielectric layer 3222 will slide from the stepped lower electrode 3214 to the stepped upper electrode 3213. At this time, the charges induced due to triboelectrification will flow between the stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214 through the monitoring module (external load), thereby realizing the directional transfer of charges and forming a current. The stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214 simultaneously serve the functions of triboelectrification and conduction. It should be noted that due to the adjustment effect of Coulomb damping, during the process of the rotor dielectric layer 3222 sliding from the stepped lower electrode 3214 to the stepped upper electrode 3213, the contact area between the electrodes will increase as the distance between the rotor substrate 3221 and the electrodes (including the stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214) decreases. Therefore, the induced charge quantity also changes accordingly.

[0072] Figure 25 A side view schematic diagram of the rotor assembly and the stator assembly provided by another embodiment of the present application Figure 26 A side view schematic diagram of the rotor assembly and the stator assembly provided by another embodiment of the present application, as Figure 25 and Figure 26 shown, in another embodiment, the stator assembly 321 further includes a stator dielectric layer 3215, and the stator dielectric layer 3215 covers the sides of the stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214 facing away from the stator substrate 3212. The stator dielectric layer 3215 can be an integral structure, having the same shape as the stator substrate 3212, and entirely covering the stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214. The stator dielectric layer 3215 can include an upper electrode corresponding part 32151 and a lower electrode corresponding part 32152. The first surface 3210 is the surface of the upper electrode corresponding part 321�1 facing the rotor assembly 322, and the second surface 3211 is the surface of the lower electrode corresponding part 32152 facing the rotor assembly 322. The stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214 are installed on the stator substrate 3212 with a stepped surface.

[0073] In the initial state, as Figure 26, the rotor blade 3220 faces the corresponding part 32152 of the lower electrode, keeping the distance between the rotor substrate 3221 and the stator substrate 3212 constant. At this time, the vertical distance between the rotor substrate 3221 and the stator dielectric layer 3215 is relatively large, and the Coulomb damping borne by the second triboelectric power generation unit 32 is also small, having a weak impact on the mechanical response ability. The rotor dielectric layer 3222 can be in direct contact with the stator dielectric layer 3215. When the rotor assembly 322 swings driven by the swinging body 33, the rotor dielectric layer 3222 and the stator dielectric layer 3215 undergo sliding friction, sliding from the corresponding part 32152 of the lower electrode to the corresponding part 32151 of the upper electrode, from Figure 25 changing to Figure 26 's position. At this time, the charges induced due to triboelectrification will flow between the stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214 through an external load, thus realizing the directional transfer of charges and forming a current. It is worth mentioning that due to the adjustment effect of Coulomb damping, during the process of the rotor dielectric layer 3222 sliding from the corresponding part 32152 of the lower electrode to the corresponding part 32151 of the upper electrode, the contact area between it and the rotor dielectric layer 3222 will increase as the distance between the rotor substrate 3221 and the stator dielectric layer 3215 decreases. Therefore, the induced charge quantity also changes accordingly.

[0074] Figure 27 The assembly drawing of the second triboelectric power generation unit provided by another embodiment of the present application with the rotating shaft is shown in Figure 27As shown, in one embodiment, the stator substrate 3212 is annular, and a plurality of grooves 32123 are provided on the inner wall of the stator substrate 3212, such that the inner surface of the stator substrate 3212 is stepped. The inner surface includes a convex portion and a concave portion. The concave portion is the position where the groove 32123 is located, and the position between two adjacent grooves 32123 is the convex portion. The stepped upper electrode 3213 is mounted on the surface of the convex portion, and the stepped lower electrode 3214 is mounted on the surface of the concave portion. The side of the stepped upper electrode 3213 facing away from the stator substrate 3212 is the first surface 3210, and the side of the stepped lower electrode 3214 facing away from the stator substrate 3212 is the second surface 3211. The stator substrate 3212 and the rotor substrate 3221 are coaxially arranged. The rotor substrate 3221 includes a plurality of rotor blades 3220, and a rotor dielectric layer 3222 is provided at the end of each rotor blade 3220. When the rotor assembly 322 rotates relative to the stator assembly 321, the rotor dielectric layer 3222 contacts the stepped upper electrode 3213 and / or the stepped lower electrode 3214. The rotor dielectric layer 3222 can be rigid or flexible. When the rotor dielectric layer 3222 is flexible, it can contact both the stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214; or, when the rotor dielectric layer 3222 is flexible, it can only contact the stepped upper electrode 3213. When the rotor dielectric layer 3222 is rigid, it contacts the stepped upper electrode 3213. The number of rotor blades 3220 can be 2, 3, 4, 6, etc., and can be set as needed. The present application does not make specific limitations.

[0075] The dielectric material is a polymer material with the triboelectric effect and different electrode polarities. In some of the above embodiments, the materials of the rotor dielectric layer 3222 and the stator dielectric layer 3215 can be, for example, nylon, polyimide (Kapton), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), etc. The first electrode 3112, the second electrode 3122, the stepped upper electrode 3213, and the stepped lower electrode 3214 are made of a conductive metal material. The conductive metal can be, for example, copper, aluminum, etc. The greater the difference in electrode polarity of the electrode relative to the dielectric material, the better the power generation effect.

[0076] In one embodiment, the self-adaptive energy-harvesting type intelligent spacer bar further includes an energy storage unit (not shown in the figure). The energy storage unit is electrically connected to the monitoring module, and the energy storage unit is used to store the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal generated by the power generation module 3. When the storage amount of the energy storage unit reaches a preset value, it will supply energy to the monitoring module. The above monitoring module can be a sensor. The sensor can be, for example, a temperature and humidity sensor, a wind speed and direction sensor, a light intensity sensor, a precipitation sensor, a wind deviation sensor, a sag sensor, a ground height sensor, an acceleration sensor, etc. The self-powered intelligent spacer bar can include multiple different types of sensors to monitor the transmission line data in multiple aspects.

[0077] In one embodiment, the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer bar may further include a temperature control switch (not shown in the figure), and the temperature control switch is used to control the on or off state of the power generation module and the monitoring module. When the ambient temperature reaches a preset value, the temperature control switch closes, and the power generation module supplies power to the monitoring module. When the ambient temperature exceeds the preset value, the temperature control switch opens, and the power generation module stops supplying power to the monitoring module.

[0078] Figure 28 The power generation schematic diagram provided by the embodiment of the present application is as Figure 28 shown. The adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer bar of the present application is based on a nanogenerator and adopts the Coulomb damping adjustment method, which improves the ability of the power generation module to capture the dancing energy. The standard of the Coulomb damping adjustment lies in the magnitude of the swing angle response of the swing body 33. When the swing angle response of the swing body 33 is small, the Coulomb damping suffered by the second triboelectric generation unit 32 is at a low value, and the second triboelectric generation unit 32 is in a weak contact state. At this time, the influence of the Coulomb damping on the mechanical response ability of the system is small. Specifically, it has a low starting oscillation frequency and a wide working bandwidth. At this time, the output of the device is mainly completed by the first triboelectric generation unit 31 and the second triboelectric generation unit 32 in the weak contact state, thereby improving the working bandwidth of the power generation module. When the swing angle response of the swing body 33 is large, the Coulomb damping borne by the second triboelectric generation unit 32 is at a high value, and the second triboelectric generation unit 32 is in a strong contact state. The energy-harvesting efficiency of the second triboelectric generation unit 32 is significantly improved. At this time, the output of the device is mainly completed by the first triboelectric generation unit 31 and the second triboelectric generation unit 32 in the strong contact state. In summary, due to the existence of the Coulomb damping adjustment mechanism, the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer bar of the present application can automatically adapt to the external vibration excitation conditions, thereby improving the working bandwidth of the device and the power generation efficiency.

[0079] The first triboelectric generation unit 31 and the second triboelectric generation unit 32 of the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer bar of the present application cooperate with each other, which can improve the working bandwidth of the device within the dancing frequency range of the transmission line while improving the energy-harvesting efficiency of the device. When the conductors of the transmission line are ice-covered, it can collect the vibration energy generated by the dancing of the transmission line and supply power to the carried sensors, and can monitor various data of the ice-covered state of the transmission line for a long time.

[0080] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalent technologies, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer, installed on a high-voltage transmission line, is characterized in that, It includes a bracket, a rotating shaft, a power generation module and a monitoring module, and the power generation module is used to supply power to the monitoring module; The power generation module is installed on the bracket. The power generation module includes a first triboelectric unit, a second triboelectric unit and at least one swinging body. The swinging body is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft. The first triboelectric unit and the swinging body are arranged along a first direction, and the second triboelectric unit and the swinging body are arranged along a second direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and perpendicular to the gravity direction, and the second direction is the axial direction of the rotating shaft; The first triboelectric unit includes at least one first electrode assembly and at least one second electrode assembly, and the at least one first electrode assembly and the at least one second electrode assembly can contact and / or separate from each other to generate a first electrical signal; The second triboelectric unit includes a stator assembly and a rotor assembly. The stator assembly is fixedly installed on the bracket, and the rotor assembly is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft; Under the action of an external force, the swinging body swings around the rotating shaft to drive the first triboelectric unit to generate the first electrical signal, and the swinging body swings around the rotating shaft to drive the rotor assembly to rotate relative to the stator assembly and generate a second electrical signal by friction.

2. The adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer according to claim 1, wherein, The swinging body includes a swinging main body and a mass block fixedly installed on the swinging main body. The rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the swinging main body, and the mass block is located on the circumference of the rotating shaft.

3. The adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first electrode assembly includes a first substrate, a first electrode and a first dielectric layer stacked in sequence; the second electrode assembly includes a second substrate and a second electrode stacked. The first substrate and the second substrate are connected. When the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly contact each other, the first dielectric layer is in contact with the second electrode.

4. The adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer according to claim 1, wherein The first electrode assembly includes a first substrate, a first electrode and a first dielectric layer stacked in sequence; the second electrode assembly includes a second substrate, a second electrode and a second dielectric layer stacked. The first substrate and the second substrate are connected. When the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly contact each other, the first dielectric layer is in contact with the second dielectric layer.

5. The adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer according to claim 1, wherein The first triboelectric unit further includes a reset member, and the reset member is used to separate or approach the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly.

6. The adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first triboelectric unit is fixedly installed on the swinging body; Or, the first triboelectric unit is fixedly installed on the bracket.

7. The adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer according to claim 1, wherein The stator assembly includes a first surface and a second surface. Along the second direction, there is a height difference between the first surface and the second surface; the rotor assembly includes a plurality of rotor blades, and each rotor blade includes a rotor substrate and a rotor dielectric layer arranged on the rotor substrate; The distance L1 between the first surface and the rotor substrate and the distance L2 between the second surface and the rotor substrate satisfy: L1 < L2.

8. The adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer according to claim 7, wherein The rotor dielectric layer is flexible and can be deformed under the action of an external force; When the rotor assembly rotates relative to the stator assembly, the rotor dielectric layer contacts the first surface and the second surface respectively.

9. The adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer according to claim 7, wherein The stator assembly includes a stator substrate with a stepped surface, a stepped upper electrode and a stepped lower electrode mounted on the stator substrate. The first surface is the surface of the stepped upper electrode facing the rotor assembly, and the second surface is the surface of the stepped lower electrode facing the rotor assembly. In the initial state, the rotor blade is opposite to the stepped lower electrode.

10. The adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer according to claim 9, wherein The stator assembly further includes a stator dielectric layer covering the sides of the stepped upper electrode and the stepped lower electrode facing away from the stator substrate.

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