Double-layer pressure-resistant sealing structure of submersible observation window

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of submersible, and discloses a submersible observation window double-layer pressure-resistant sealing structure which comprises a submersible window body, inner-layer explosion-proof glass and outer-layer explosion-proof glass are installed in the submersible window body in a sealed mode, and a pressure reduction cavity is formed between the inner-layer explosion-proof glass and the outer-layer explosion-proof glass. A one-way water inlet channel and a one-way water outlet channel are arranged in the submersible window body around the outer-layer explosion-proof glass, an inlet of the one-way water inlet channel and an outlet of the one-way water outlet channel are both communicated with the outer side of the outer-layer explosion-proof glass, and an outlet of the one-way water inlet channel and an inlet of the one-way water outlet channel are both communicated with the pressure reduction cavity; a regulating valve assembly is installed on the one-way water inlet channel and used for controlling the pressure intensity in the pressure reduction cavity in the deep sea through the regulating valve assembly, so that the pressure intensity on the outer side of the submersible window body, the pressure reduction cavity and the inner side of the submersible window body is sequentially reduced. The overall sealing performance can be conveniently controlled, and the pressure resisting effect of the submersible window is improved by reducing the pressure difference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of submersibles, and particularly relates to a double-layer pressure-resistant sealing structure for the observation window of a submersible. Background Art

[0002] In the process of modern ocean exploration and development, submersibles, as an important underwater operation tool, play an irreplaceable role. Whether it is deep-sea scientific research, marine resource exploration, or underwater engineering operations, submersibles play a key role. However, different from ordinary ocean transportation ships, the working environment and task nature of submersibles pose extremely harsh requirements on their porthole devices. Most of the existing porthole devices are only applicable to the ocean transportation industry above the water surface and are difficult to meet the special needs of submersibles. Therefore, it is urgent to improve their technology.

[0003] The working principle and special performance of submersibles determine the high requirements for their porthole devices. Submersibles usually need to operate in the deep-sea environment for a long time, and their diving depth far exceeds the operation range of ordinary ships. Therefore, sealing performance is also a key characteristic of the porthole device of submersibles. When a submersible operates underwater, it needs to completely isolate seawater from the cabin environment to ensure the life safety of the personnel in the cabin and the normal operation of equipment. At the same time, as the diving depth increases, the water pressure increases exponentially, and the pressure borne by the porthole also becomes greater and greater. Therefore, the porthole must have excellent compressive resistance to ensure safe and stable operation in the deep-sea high-pressure environment. Once the porthole breaks due to insufficient compressive capacity, seawater will instantly flood into the interior of the submersible, which will not only endanger the life safety of the personnel in the submersible but also cause irreparable losses to expensive equipment.

[0004] In order to meet the high requirements of submersibles for porthole devices, technological improvement is imperative. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a double-layer pressure-resistant sealing structure for the observation window of a submersible to solve the above problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A double-layer pressure-resistant sealing structure for a submersible observation window, comprising a submersible window body. An inner explosion-proof glass and an outer explosion-proof glass are hermetically installed in the submersible window body. A pressure reduction chamber is arranged between the inner explosion-proof glass and the outer explosion-proof glass. A one-way water inlet channel and a one-way water outlet channel are arranged in the submersible window body around the outer explosion-proof glass. The inlet of the one-way water inlet channel and the outlet of the one-way water outlet channel are both connected to the outside of the outer explosion-proof glass. The outlet of the one-way water inlet channel and the inlet of the one-way water outlet channel are both connected to the pressure reduction chamber. A regulating valve assembly is installed on the one-way water inlet channel to control the pressure inside the pressure reduction chamber through the regulating valve assembly in the deep sea, so that the pressures on the outside of the submersible window body, in the pressure reduction chamber, and on the inside of the submersible window body decrease in sequence.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution in the present invention, the regulating valve assembly includes a first valve body fixed in the submersible window body. The inlet and outlet of the first valve body are both connected to the one-way water inlet channel. An inner cavity separation hole with a central axis perpendicular to the one-way water inlet channel is arranged in the first valve body. The inner cavity separation hole divides the inside of the first valve body into a water inlet cavity and a water outlet cavity. One side of the inner cavity separation hole is blocked by a valve core located in the water outlet cavity. The side of the valve core away from the inner cavity separation hole is elastically connected to the inner wall of the first valve body.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution in the present invention, a valve cap is arranged on one side of the first valve body. The inner top surface of the valve cap is connected to one side of the valve core through a telescopic rod. A compression spring that presses the valve core towards the inner cavity separation hole is sleeved outside the telescopic rod.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution in the present invention, one end of the telescopic rod is connected with a limiting plate. One end of the compression spring abuts against one side of the limiting plate. A sealing sliding rod that slides through the valve cap to the outside is connected to the other side of the limiting plate. A sealing ring is arranged between the sealing sliding rod and the valve cap. The end of the sealing sliding rod extending to the valve cap is connected with a spring force adjusting mechanism to control the position of the limiting plate in the valve cap through the spring force adjusting mechanism, and further adjust the pressing force of the compression spring on the valve core.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution in the present invention, the spring force adjusting mechanism includes a driving motor and a screw rod threadedly connected to the sealing sliding rod. The screw rod is rotatably connected in the submersible window body. A passive bevel gear is installed on the screw rod. An active connecting gear is installed on the motor shaft of the driving motor. The active connecting gear is meshed with the passive bevel gear.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution in the present invention, a water inlet check valve is installed at the inlet of the one-way water inlet channel. The water inlet check valve includes a second valve body. A first filter screen is arranged at the inlet of the second valve body. A first conical water inlet channel with an inner diameter gradually increasing along the water flow direction is arranged inside the first filter screen. A first sealing ball elastically blocking the first conical water inlet channel is arranged in the second valve body.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution in the present invention, the channel inside the unidirectional water inlet channel includes a first filtering channel, a first conical water inlet channel, a first circular water flow channel, and a first conical closing channel that are sequentially connected along the water flow direction. A first filter screen is arranged in the first filtering channel. The outlet of the first conical closing channel is connected to the inlet of the unidirectional water inlet channel. The inner diameter of the first conical closing channel gradually decreases along the water flow direction. A first perforated plate is installed at the outlet of the first circular water flow channel. A first spring is connected between the first perforated plate and the first blocking ball. A first limiting ring is arranged in the middle of the first perforated plate. One end of the first spring is arranged inside the first limiting ring.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution in the present invention, a water outlet check valve is installed at the outlet of the unidirectional water outlet channel. The water outlet check valve includes a third valve body. A second filter screen is arranged at the outlet of the third valve body. A second conical water inlet channel with an inner diameter gradually increasing along the water flow direction is arranged at the water inlet of the third valve body. A second blocking ball that elastically blocks the second conical water inlet channel is arranged inside the third valve body.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution in the present invention, the channel inside the unidirectional water outlet channel includes a second conical water inlet channel, a second circular water inlet channel, a second conical closing channel, and a second filtering channel that are sequentially connected along the water flow direction. A second filter screen is arranged in the second filtering channel. The inlet of the second conical water inlet channel is connected to the outlet of the unidirectional water outlet channel. The inner diameter of the second conical closing channel gradually decreases along the water flow direction. A second perforated plate is installed at the outlet of the second circular water inlet channel. A second spring is connected between the second perforated plate and the second blocking ball. A second limiting ring is arranged in the middle of the second perforated plate. One end of the second spring is arranged inside the second limiting ring.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution in the present invention, sealing rings are arranged between the submersible window and the inner explosion-proof glass and the outer explosion-proof glass; the middle of the outer side of the outer explosion-proof glass is a spherical convex surface protruding outward. An annular groove is arranged on the submersible window around the spherical convex surface. The inner diameter of the annular groove is a conical structure that gradually decreases from the outside to the inside. The inlet of the unidirectional water inlet channel and the outlet of the unidirectional water outlet channel are both perpendicular to the inner wall of the annular groove.

[0016] Beneficial effects: In this invention, the inner explosion-proof glass and the outer explosion-proof glass are directly fixed to the window of the submersible, which facilitates the control of the overall sealing performance. Then, a sealed pressure-reducing chamber is reserved between the inner explosion-proof glass and the outer explosion-proof glass, and the pressure-reducing chamber is connected to the outside through a one-way water inlet channel and a one-way water outlet channel. When the external pressure is relatively high, the seawater outside can enter the pressure-reducing chamber through the one-way water inlet channel, increasing the pressure inside the pressure-reducing chamber. As a result, the pressure on the outside of the submersible window, in the pressure-reducing chamber, and inside the submersible window decreases in sequence, avoiding too large pressure differences on both sides of a single glass. By reducing the pressure difference, the pressure resistance effect of the submersible window is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 2 is Figure 1 an enlarged schematic view of part A in Figure 3 is <C Figure 1 an enlarged schematic view of part B in Figure 4 is Figure 1 an enlarged schematic view of part C in

[0018] In the figure: 1 - submersible window; 101 - pressure-reducing chamber; 102 - one-way water inlet channel; 103 - one-way water outlet channel; 2 - inner explosion-proof glass; 3 - outer explosion-proof glass; 4 - regulating valve assembly; 401 - first valve body; 402 - inner cavity partition hole; 403 - valve core; 404 - valve cap; 405 - telescopic rod; 406 - compression spring; 407 - limiting plate; 408 - sealing slide bar; 409 - drive motor; 410 - screw rod; 411 - passive bevel gear; 412 - active connecting gear; 5 - water inlet check valve; 501 - second valve body; 502 - first filter screen; 503 - first plugging ball; 504 - first perforated plate; 505 - first spring; 506 - first limiting ring; 6 - water outlet check valve; 601 - third valve body; 602 - second filter screen; 603 - second plugging ball; 604 - second perforated plate; 605 - second spring; 606 - second limiting ring; 7 - sealing ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the present invention in combination with the drawings and the descriptions of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following descriptions of the structures of the drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings. It should be noted here that the descriptions of these embodiments are used to help understand the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation to the present invention.

[0020] Embodiment: As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, this embodiment provides a double-layer pressure-resistant sealing structure for a submersible observation window, including a submersible window body 1. An inner explosion-proof glass 2 and an outer explosion-proof glass 3 are hermetically installed in the submersible window body 1 to ensure tightness. The inner explosion-proof glass 2 is arranged closer to the inside, and the outer explosion-proof glass 3 is arranged closer to the outside. A pressure reduction chamber 101 is arranged between the inner explosion-proof glass 2 and the outer explosion-proof glass 3. The pressure reduction chamber 101 is an airtight chamber. A one-way water inlet channel 102 and a one-way water outlet channel 103 are arranged in the submersible window body 1 around the outer explosion-proof glass 3. The inlet of the one-way water inlet channel 102 and the outlet of the one-way water outlet channel 103 are both connected to the outside of the outer explosion-proof glass 3. The outlet of the one-way water inlet channel 102 and the inlet of the one-way water outlet channel 103 are both connected to the pressure reduction chamber 101. Thus, seawater outside the submersible can enter the pressure reduction chamber 101 through the one-way water inlet channel 102, and the seawater in the pressure reduction chamber 101 can also flow out through the one-way water outlet channel 103. A regulating valve assembly 4 is installed on the one-way water inlet channel 102 to increase the pressure in the pressure reduction chamber 101, so as to control the pressure inside the pressure reduction chamber 101 through the regulating valve assembly 4 in the deep sea, so that the pressures on the outside of the submersible window body 1, in the pressure reduction chamber 101, and on the inside of the submersible window body 1 decrease in sequence, thereby avoiding too large pressure difference on both sides of one piece of glass, and improving the pressure resistance effect of the submersible window body 1 by reducing the pressure difference. When the submersible rises and the pressure in the pressure reduction chamber 101 is greater than the outside, the seawater in the pressure reduction chamber 101 can also flow out through the one-way water outlet channel 103. It should be noted that the one-way water outlet channel 103 is preferably arranged at the lower end to facilitate emptying all the seawater in the pressure reduction chamber 101 and avoid the problem of equipment erosion caused by seawater staying in the pressure reduction chamber 101 for a long time when the submersible is not in use.

[0021] In this invention, the inner explosion-proof glass 2 and the outer explosion-proof glass 3 are directly fixed to the submersible window body 1, which is convenient for controlling the overall tightness. Then, an airtight pressure reduction chamber 101 is reserved between the inner explosion-proof glass 2 and the outer explosion-proof glass 3, and the pressure reduction chamber 101 is connected to the outside through the one-way water inlet channel 102 and the one-way water outlet channel 103. When the external pressure is relatively large, the external seawater can enter the pressure reduction chamber 101 through the one-way water inlet channel 102, making the pressure in the pressure reduction chamber 101 increase, and then making the pressures on the outside of the submersible window body 1, in the pressure reduction chamber 101, and on the inside of the submersible window body 1 decrease in sequence, avoiding too large pressure difference on both sides of one piece of glass, and improving the pressure resistance effect of the submersible window body 1 by reducing the pressure difference.

[0022] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, it should be further noted that the regulating valve assembly 4 includes a first valve body 401 fixed inside the diving vessel window 1. The inlet and outlet of the first valve body 401 are both connected to the one-way water inlet channel 102 to ensure the flow of seawater. An inner cavity partition hole 402 with a central axis perpendicular to the one-way water inlet channel 102 is provided inside the first valve body 401. The inner cavity partition hole 402 divides the inside of the first valve body 401 into a water inlet cavity and a water outlet cavity. One side of the inner cavity partition hole 402 is blocked by a valve core 403 located in the water outlet cavity. The on-off of the first valve body 401 is achieved through the valve core 403. The side of the valve core 403 away from the inner cavity partition hole 402 is elastically connected to the inner wall of the first valve body 401, so that the valve core 403 is pressed by a certain elastic force. Then, when the external pressure reaches a certain level, the valve core 403 can be pushed to act, and then the water inlet cavity and the water outlet cavity are connected, enabling the external seawater to enter the pressure reduction cavity 101. When the pressure difference between the water inlet cavity and the water outlet cavity is less than the elastic force received by the valve core 403, the valve core 403 cannot be opened.

[0023] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, it should be further noted that a valve cap 404 is provided on one side of the first valve body 401. The inner top surface of the valve cap 404 is connected to one side of the valve core 403 through a telescopic rod 405. As the valve core 403 acts, the telescopic rod 405 can be telescopically adjusted without affecting the action of the valve core 403. A compression spring 406 that presses the valve core 403 towards the inner cavity partition hole 402 is sleeved outside the telescopic rod 405, so as to give the valve core 403 an elastic pressing force through the compression spring 406, and then form a pressure difference between the outside and the pressure reduction cavity 101.

[0024] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, it should be further noted that one end of the telescopic rod 405 is connected to a limiting plate 407. One end of the compression spring 406 abuts against one side of the limiting plate 407. The other side of the limiting plate 407 is connected to a sealing slide rod 408 that slides through the valve cap 404 to the outside. A sealing ring is provided between the sealing slide rod 408 and the valve cap 404 to ensure sealing. One end of the sealing slide rod 408 extending to the valve cap 404 is connected to a spring force adjusting mechanism, which is used to control the position of the limiting plate 407 in the valve cap 404 through the spring force adjusting mechanism, and then adjust the pressing force of the compression spring 406 on the valve core 403, facilitating the adjustment of the elastic force of the compression spring 406 according to the depth of the diving vessel diving into the ocean, and then making the pressure changes on the outside of the diving vessel window 1, in the pressure reduction cavity 101, and inside the diving vessel window 1 more uniform, thereby enhancing the pressure resistance effect.

[0025] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, it should be further noted that the spring force adjusting mechanism includes a driving motor 409 and a screw rod 410 threadedly connected to the sealing slide rod 408. The screw rod 410 is rotatably connected inside the submersible window 1. A passive bevel gear 411 is installed on the screw rod 410, and an active connecting gear 412 is installed on the motor shaft of the driving motor 409. The active connecting gear 412 is meshed with the passive bevel gear 411. In practice, the driving motor 409 can control the rotation of the active connecting gear 412. The active connecting gear 412 drives the passive bevel gear 411 to rotate. The passive bevel gear 411 drives the screw rod 410 to rotate. The screw rod 410 drives the sealing slide rod 408 to move, and then presses the compression spring 406 through the limiting plate 407 to adjust the elastic force of the compression spring 406.

[0026] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, it should be further noted that a water inlet check valve 5 is installed at the inlet of the one-way water inlet channel 102 to ensure that the one-way water inlet channel 102 can only let water in. The water inlet check valve 5 includes a second valve body 501. A first filter screen 502 is provided at the inlet of the second valve body 501 to filter the seawater entering the one-way water inlet channel 102 and ensure the observation effect when the seawater enters the pressure reducing chamber 101. Inside the first filter screen 502, there is a first conical water inlet channel with an inner diameter gradually increasing along the water flow direction. Inside the second valve body 501, there is a first blocking ball 503 elastically blocking the first conical water inlet channel, so that seawater can enter the one-way water inlet channel 102 when the external pressure is greater than the internal pressure.

[0027] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, it should be further noted that the channel inside the one-way water inlet channel 102 includes a first filtering channel, a first conical water inlet channel, a first circular water flow channel, and a first conical closing channel connected in sequence along the water flow direction. The diameter of the first blocking ball 503 is smaller than that of the first circular water flow channel. The first filter screen 502 is arranged in the first filtering channel. The outlet of the first conical closing channel is connected to the inlet of the one-way water inlet channel 102. The inner diameter of the first conical closing channel gradually decreases along the water flow direction. A first perforated plate 504 is installed at the outlet of the first circular water flow channel. A first spring 505 is connected between the first perforated plate 504 and the first blocking ball 503 to ensure that the first blocking ball 503 is elastically and stably arranged inside the second valve body 501. A first limiting ring 506 is provided in the middle of the first perforated plate 504, and one end of the first spring 505 is arranged inside the first limiting ring 506 to ensure the stability of the first spring 505.

[0028] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, it should be further noted that a water outlet check valve 6 is installed at the outlet of the unidirectional water outlet channel 103 to ensure that the unidirectional water outlet channel 103 can only discharge water. The water outlet check valve 6 includes a third valve body 601. A second filter screen 602 is provided at the outlet of the third valve body 601 to prevent larger particles from entering the unidirectional water outlet channel 103. A second conical water inlet channel with an inner diameter gradually increasing along the water flow direction is provided at the water inlet of the third valve body 601. A second plugging ball 603 elastically plugging in the second conical water inlet channel is provided in the third valve body 601, so that seawater can flow out when the pressure in the pressure reduction chamber 101 is greater than the external pressure.

[0029] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, it should be further noted that the channel inside the unidirectional water outlet channel 103 includes a second conical water inlet channel, a second circular water inlet channel, a second conical closing channel, and a second filtering channel that are sequentially connected along the water flow direction. The diameter of the second plugging ball 603 is smaller than that of the second circular water inlet channel. The second filter screen 602 is arranged in the second filtering channel. The inlet of the second conical water inlet channel is connected to the outlet of the unidirectional water outlet channel 103. The inner diameter of the second conical closing channel gradually decreases along the water flow direction. A second perforated plate 604 is installed at the outlet of the second circular water inlet channel. A second spring 605 is connected between the second perforated plate 604 and the second plugging ball 603 to ensure that the second plugging ball 603 is elastically and stably arranged in the third valve body 601. A second limiting ring 606 is provided in the middle of the second perforated plate 604. One end of the second spring 605 is arranged in the second limiting ring 606 to ensure the stability of the second spring 605.

[0030] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, it should be further noted that sealing rings 7 are provided between the submersible window 1 and both the inner explosion-proof glass 2 and the outer explosion-proof glass 3 to improve the sealing performance; the middle part of the outer side of the outer explosion-proof glass 3 is a spherical convex surface protruding outward to increase the observation area. An annular groove is provided on the submersible window 1 around the spherical convex surface. The inner diameter of the annular groove is a conical structure gradually decreasing from the outside to the inside. The inlet of the unidirectional water inlet channel 102 and the outlet of the unidirectional water outlet channel 103 are both perpendicular to the inner wall of the annular groove, so as to maximally avoid foreign objects blocking the inlet of the unidirectional water inlet channel 102 and the outlet of the unidirectional water outlet channel 103.

[0031] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A double-layer pressure-resistant sealing structure for a submersible observation window, characterized in that: The invention comprises a submersible window (1), wherein an inner layer explosion-proof glass (2) and an outer layer explosion-proof glass (3) are sealed and installed in the submersible window (1), a pressure reduction chamber (101) is provided between the inner layer explosion-proof glass (2) and the outer layer explosion-proof glass (3), a one-way water inlet channel (102) and a one-way water outlet channel (103) are provided in the submersible window (1) around the outer layer explosion-proof glass (3), the inlet of the one-way water inlet channel (102) and the outlet of the one-way water outlet channel (103) are both connected to the outside of the outer layer explosion-proof glass (3), the outlet of the one-way water inlet channel (102) and the inlet of the one-way water outlet channel (103) are both connected to the pressure reduction chamber (101), and a regulating valve assembly (4) is installed on the one-way water inlet channel (102) for controlling the pressure reduction chamber (101) through the regulating valve assembly (4) in the deep sea. 1) internal pressure, so that the pressure outside the submersible window (1), the pressure reduction chamber (101) and the inside of the submersible window (1) are successively reduced; the regulating valve assembly (4) comprises a first valve body (401) fixed in the submersible window (1), the inlet and outlet of the first valve body (401) are both connected to the one-way water inlet channel (102), an inner cavity separation hole (402) whose central axis is perpendicular to the one-way water inlet channel (102) is provided in the first valve body (401), the inner cavity separation hole (402) divides the inside of the first valve body (401) into an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber, one side of the inner cavity separation hole (402) is blocked by a valve core (403) located in the outlet chamber, and the side of the valve core (403) away from the inner cavity separation hole (402) is elastically connected to the inner wall of the first valve body (401).

2. The double-layer pressure-resistant sealing structure of a submersible observation window according to claim 1, characterized in that: A valve cap (404) is provided on one side of the first valve body (401), and the inner top surface of the valve cap (404) is connected to one side of the valve core (403) via a telescopic rod (405). The telescopic rod (405) is outer-mounted with a compression spring (406) for pressing the valve core (403) toward the inner cavity partition hole (402).

3. The double-layer pressure-resistant sealing structure of a submersible observation window according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the telescopic rod (405) is connected to a limit plate (407), one end of the compression spring (406) is in contact with one side of the limit plate (407), and the other side of the limit plate (407) is connected to a sealing slide rod (408) that slides through the outside of the valve cap (404), a sealing ring is provided between the sealing slide rod (408) and the valve cap (404), and one end of the sealing slide rod (408) extending to the valve cap (404) is connected to a spring force adjustment mechanism for controlling the position of the limit plate (407) in the valve cap (404) through the spring force adjustment mechanism, thereby adjusting the pressing force of the compression spring (406) on the valve core (403).

4. The double-layer pressure-resistant sealing structure of a submersible observation window according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spring force adjustment mechanism comprises a driving motor (409) and a screw (410) threadedly connected to the sealing slide rod (408), the screw (410) being rotatably connected to the submersible window (1), a passive bevel gear (411) being mounted on the screw (410), and an active connecting gear (412) being mounted on the motor shaft of the driving motor (409), the active connecting gear (412) being meshedly connected to the passive bevel gear (411).

5. The double-layer pressure-resistant sealing structure of a submersible observation window according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water inlet one-way valve (5) is installed at the entrance of the one-way water inlet channel (102), and the water inlet one-way valve (5) comprises a second valve body (501). A first filter screen (502) is provided at the inlet of the second valve body (501), and a first conical water inlet channel with an inner diameter gradually increasing along the direction of water flow is provided inside the first filter screen (502). A first blocking ball (503) elastically blocking the first conical water inlet channel is provided in the second valve body (501).

6. The double-layer pressure-resistant sealing structure of a submersible observation window according to claim 5, characterized in that: The channel inside the one-way water inlet channel (102) comprises a first filter channel, a first conical water inlet channel, a first circular water flow channel and a first conical closing channel which are connected in sequence along the water flow direction; the first filter screen (502) is arranged in the first filter channel; the outlet of the first conical closing channel is connected to the inlet of the one-way water inlet channel (102); the inner diameter of the first conical closing channel gradually decreases along the water flow direction; a first porous plate (504) is installed at the outlet of the first circular water flow channel; a first spring (505) is connected between the first porous plate (504) and the first blocking ball (503); a first limiting ring (506) is arranged in the middle of the first porous plate (504); one end of the first spring (505) is arranged in the first limiting ring (506).

7. The double-layer pressure-resistant sealing structure of a submersible observation window according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water outlet one-way valve (6) is installed at the outlet of the one-way water outlet channel (103), and the water outlet one-way valve (6) includes a third valve body (601). A second filter screen (602) is provided at the outlet of the third valve body (601), and a second conical water inlet channel with an inner diameter gradually increasing along the direction of water flow is provided at the water inlet of the third valve body (601). A second blocking ball (603) elastically blocked in the second conical water inlet channel is provided in the third valve body (601).

8. The double-layer pressure-resistant sealing structure of a submersible observation window according to claim 7, characterized in that: The channel inside the one-way water outlet channel (103) includes a second conical water inlet channel, a second circular water inlet channel, a second conical closing channel and a second filter channel which are connected in sequence along the water flow direction. The second filter screen (602) is arranged in the second filter channel. The inlet of the second conical water inlet channel is connected to the outlet of the one-way water outlet channel (103). The inner diameter of the second conical closing channel gradually decreases along the water flow direction. A second porous plate (604) is installed at the outlet of the second circular water inlet channel. A second spring (605) is connected between the second porous plate (604) and the second blocking ball (603). A second limiting ring (606) is arranged in the middle of the second porous plate (604), and one end of the second spring (605) is arranged in the second limiting ring (606).

9. A double-layer pressure-resistant sealing structure for a submersible observation window according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: A sealing ring (7) is provided between the submersible window (1) and the inner layer explosion-proof glass (2) and the outer layer explosion-proof glass (3); the middle portion of the outer side surface of the outer layer explosion-proof glass (3) is a spherical convex surface convex outward, and an annular groove is provided on the submersible window (1) around the spherical convex surface. The inner diameter of the annular groove is a conical structure that gradually decreases from the outside to the inside, and the inlet of the one-way water inlet channel (102) and the outlet of the one-way water outlet channel (103) are both perpendicular to the inner wall of the annular groove.

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