A full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent

Abstract

The application discloses a full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent and relates to the technical field of thixotropic anchoring, and comprises the following steps: performing surface roughness balancing treatment on an anchor hole to be injected with the anchoring agent, cleaning the hole wall through mechanical polishing and high-pressure water jet, eliminating micro-cracks and irregular structures of the hole wall, and reducing the risk of local flow blockage caused by uneven surface roughness. Through an intelligent grouting control system, a variable-viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology and a multi-stage thixotropic reaction method, the application solves the problems of incomplete local solidification, cavities and stress concentration and the like. Dynamic viscosity adjustment ensures full-length uniform filling and synchronous solidification, intelligent monitoring avoids blockage, rework and material waste, improves grouting efficiency, shortens the construction period, reduces the cost, and significantly improves the long-term stability and safety of the supporting structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thixotropic anchoring technology, and more specifically to a full-length anchoring method using a thixotropic anchoring agent. Background Technology

[0002] Thixotropic anchoring for full length refers to the process where, through the properties of the thixotropic material, the anchoring agent flows rapidly and uniformly fills the entire pore after injection into the anchor hole, achieving complete contact and curing from the front to the rear of the anchor body. The thixotropic material exhibits a low-viscosity liquid state under shear force, facilitating injection, but rapidly thickens and solidifies upon rest, ensuring that the anchoring agent fully coats the anchor rod or reinforcing bar within the anchor hole, forming a continuous and uniform consolidation layer. This technology significantly improves the overall load-bearing performance and durability of the anchoring system, making it particularly suitable for support in mines, tunnels, and underground engineering projects under complex geological conditions.

[0003] The existing technology has the following shortcomings:

[0004] In existing thixotropic anchoring processes, the phenomenon of "localized layered curing" during full-length anchoring can lead to serious consequences. This problem is usually caused by uneven surface roughness of the anchor hole or the presence of micro-cracks in the local hole wall, which obstructs the flow path of the anchoring agent during injection, causing some areas to cure prematurely while others fail to fill completely, forming hidden "cavities" or "weak layers." This uneven curing directly weakens the overall force transmission effect of the anchoring system, easily creating stress concentration points in localized areas, leading to anchor slippage, pull-out, or breakage. Especially in complex geological environments or projects with large dynamic load variations, this problem can cause serious safety accidents such as support structure failure, ground deformation, or collapse. Therefore, improving the flowability control and curing time matching of the anchoring agent is a key technical direction for solving this hidden danger. The information disclosed in the background section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a full-length anchoring method using a thixotropic anchoring agent. By employing an intelligent grouting control system, variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology, and a multi-stage thixotropic reaction synchronous curing method, it effectively solves problems such as incomplete local curing, cavity formation, and stress concentration in traditional anchoring processes. Through dynamic viscosity adjustment, the anchoring agent reduces viscosity and enhances fluidity in blocked areas, while increasing viscosity and curing in unblocked areas, achieving uniform filling and synchronous curing along the entire length. Real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment by the intelligent system avoids blockages, rework, and material waste, improves injection efficiency, shortens the construction cycle, reduces construction costs, and significantly improves the long-term stability and safety of the support structure, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for full-length anchoring with a thixotropic anchoring agent, comprising the following steps:

[0007] The anchor holes to be injected with anchoring agent are subjected to surface roughness equalization treatment. The hole walls are cleaned by mechanical grinding and high-pressure water jet to eliminate micro-cracks and irregular hole wall structures, thereby reducing the risk of local flow blockage caused by uneven surface roughness.

[0008] The anchoring agent, formulated with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction, maintains low viscosity and fluidity during initial injection, thereby filling tiny gaps and cracks and preventing incomplete local curing.

[0009] During the anchoring agent injection process, a real-time monitoring intelligent grouting control system is introduced to monitor the pressure changes and anchoring agent flow resistance in the anchor hole in real time, ensuring that the anchoring agent can be evenly distributed to the entire length of the anchor hole.

[0010] The variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology is adopted, which enables the viscosity of the anchoring agent to be adaptively adjusted according to the pressure and shear conditions in the anchor hole;

[0011] A flow path optimization algorithm is introduced to model and analyze the flow behavior of the anchoring agent in the anchor hole, calculate the optimal flow path, and dynamically adjust the grouting parameters to ensure that the anchoring agent is uniformly distributed in the complex hole wall structure.

[0012] By employing a curing time matching algorithm, the curing speed of the anchoring agent is intelligently adjusted according to the flow time and temperature changes in different areas, ensuring that the anchoring agent in the entire anchor hole cures synchronously and avoiding stress concentration caused by premature curing in certain areas.

[0013] Preferably, the specific steps for equalizing the surface roughness of the anchor hole to be injected with anchoring agent, and cleaning the hole wall by mechanical grinding and high-pressure water jet to eliminate micro-cracks and irregular hole wall structures, thereby reducing the risk of local flow blockage caused by uneven surface roughness, are as follows:

[0014] The inner wall of the anchor hole is ground thoroughly with tools to eliminate unevenness and protrusions, thereby reducing the flow resistance of the anchoring agent.

[0015] High-pressure water jets are used to rinse the surface of the anchor holes to remove dust, debris, and loose material from micro-cracks, reducing the risk of flow blockage.

[0016] High-definition scanning technology is used to identify defects in the hole wall, and repair materials are used to fill micro-cracks and grooves to ensure the overall smoothness of the hole wall surface;

[0017] By treating the hole walls with hot air drying and interface agent spraying, the adhesion of the anchoring agent is improved, and moisture is prevented from affecting the curing effect.

[0018] Preferably, the anchoring agent employs a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formulation. The anchoring agent maintains low viscosity and fluidity during initial injection, thereby filling micro-gaps and cracks and preventing incomplete localized curing. The specific steps are as follows:

[0019] An anchoring agent with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formulation is selected according to the construction environment, and its initial fluidity is ensured through stirring and temperature pretreatment.

[0020] The anchoring agent is injected into the anchor hole using equipment, and the grouting speed is dynamically adjusted through a real-time monitoring system to ensure that the anchoring agent successfully covers the entire hole wall.

[0021] After the anchoring agent has been in place for a period of time, it triggers an internal chemical reaction, increases in viscosity and expands to fill the micro-cracks in the hole wall, forming a continuous consolidation layer;

[0022] By using a shear force and curing time matching algorithm, the viscosity of the anchoring agent is adaptively adjusted to ensure that the anchoring agent cures synchronously and uniformly throughout the entire anchor hole.

[0023] Preferably, during the anchoring agent injection process, a real-time monitoring intelligent grouting control system is introduced to monitor the pressure changes and anchoring agent flow resistance within the anchor hole in real time, ensuring that the anchoring agent can be evenly distributed throughout the entire length of the anchor hole. The specific steps are as follows:

[0024] The system is initialized before grouting to ensure that the grouting process is automatically adjusted according to different anchor hole conditions;

[0025] By using sensors to monitor the pressure and flow resistance inside the anchor hole in real time, the blockage area can be accurately located and the cause of abnormal flow can be analyzed.

[0026] When a blockage area is detected, the grouting speed is automatically adjusted, and the pulse grouting mode is activated to overcome flow obstacles and fill gaps.

[0027] The grouting strategy is dynamically adjusted based on real-time monitoring results, and the algorithm model is continuously optimized to ensure uniform distribution and synchronous curing of the anchoring agent.

[0028] Preferably, in areas where the anchoring agent flow is blocked, the anchoring agent automatically reduces its viscosity through shear-sensitive materials to enhance its fluidity, breaking through the blockage and fully filling microcracks and deep areas. The specific steps are as follows:

[0029] After the intelligent grouting system identifies the blockage area, the anchoring agent automatically reduces its viscosity and enhances its fluidity to break through the blockage point.

[0030] The shear-sensitive material in the anchoring agent decomposes its molecular structure under high shear force, changing from a colloidal state to a liquid state to fill deep cracks and micropores;

[0031] Continuously monitor the grouting process and resume normal grouting mode after the blockage is broken to ensure smooth flow of anchoring agent;

[0032] By analyzing pressure data in real time, the flow path is optimized to ensure that the anchoring agent covers the entire length of the anchor hole and fills all micro-cracks.

[0033] Preferably, in unobstructed areas, the anchoring agent rapidly cures by triggering a thickening reaction, forming a stable solidified layer. This prevents material loss due to excessive flow and enhances the bonding strength and durability of the anchor. The specific steps are as follows:

[0034] The anchoring agent triggers a thickening reaction in unblocked areas, rapidly solidifies to form a stable consolidation layer, and prevents material loss.

[0035] In the unblocked area, the reaction catalyst of the anchoring agent is rapidly activated, causing the material to change from a low-viscosity liquid state to a high-viscosity colloidal state and then solidify.

[0036] Adjust the curing time according to the flow time and environmental parameters to ensure that the anchoring agent cures synchronously in the anchor hole and avoid stress concentration.

[0037] The anchoring agent rapidly thickens in unblocked areas, forming a continuous consolidation layer that effectively improves the bonding force between the anchor body and the hole wall, preventing slippage and breakage.

[0038] Preferably, a flow path optimization algorithm is introduced to model and analyze the flow behavior of the anchoring agent in the anchor hole, calculate the optimal flow path, and dynamically adjust the grouting parameters to ensure uniform distribution of the anchoring agent in the complex hole wall structure. The specific steps are as follows:

[0039] Before grouting begins, the geometry and wall characteristics of the anchor holes are modeled, the initial state of the flow path is calculated, and the pressure distribution in the local area is calculated based on the flow resistance. The calculation expressions are as follows:

[0040] In the formula, It is localized pressure. It is the dynamic viscosity of the anchoring agent. It is the flow rate through this area per unit of time. It is the radius of the path region. It is the length of the path segment;

[0041] Based on the local pressure distribution results, an objective function for flow path optimization is established. The optimal flow path is calculated using this function, which is expressed as follows:

[0042] In the formula, It is the objective function for flow path optimization. It is a segment in the flow path. It is the objective function for minimum flow path optimization.

[0043] Preferably, after determining the optimal flow path, the grouting parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the actual structure of the borehole wall to ensure that the anchoring agent can adapt to the irregularity of the borehole wall during the flow process. The formula for dynamically adjusting the grouting rate is as follows:

[0044] In the formula, This is the adjusted grouting flow rate;

[0045] Through continuous real-time feedback and updates, grouting parameters are dynamically optimized to ensure uniform flow and pressure distribution during the grouting process and to avoid localized rapid solidification or loss. To further improve accuracy, the flow path and grouting speed are continuously adjusted based on changes in the borehole wall structure and the actual flow state to adapt to different geological environments. The global optimization feedback formula is as follows:

[0046] In the formula, It is a global optimization goal. It is the flow rate, reflecting the actual flow velocity during the grouting process.

[0047] The technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention in the above technical solution are as follows:

[0048] This invention effectively solves problems such as incomplete local curing, cavity formation, and stress concentration in traditional anchoring processes by employing an intelligent grouting control system, variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology, and a multi-stage thixotropic reaction synchronous curing method. These technical solutions ensure that the viscosity of the anchoring agent can be dynamically adjusted during injection, reducing viscosity and enhancing fluidity in blocked areas, and rapidly increasing viscosity and curing in unblocked areas, achieving uniform filling and synchronous curing along the entire length. This improves the pull-out resistance and overall load-bearing performance of the anchoring system. Especially in complex geological conditions and dynamic load environments, this technology effectively prevents anchor slippage, pull-out, or breakage, significantly improving the long-term stability of the support structure and ensuring the safety and reliability of engineering projects.

[0049] This invention utilizes an automated intelligent grouting control system to achieve real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of pressure changes and flow resistance within the anchor hole. It can automatically adjust the grouting speed, pulse mode, and curing reaction rate according to the conditions of different areas, thereby avoiding blockages, material waste, and rework during the grouting process. Furthermore, the variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent used maintains low viscosity during initial injection, facilitating rapid filling of the anchor hole; after a period of time, it triggers a viscosity-enhancing and curing reaction, reducing the risk of material loss and cavity formation. Through these improvements, this invention not only enhances the efficiency of anchoring agent injection and shortens the construction cycle but also effectively reduces construction and maintenance costs, providing a more economical and efficient technical solution for support operations in mines, tunnels, and underground engineering projects. Attached Figure Description

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings. Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a full-length anchoring method using a thixotropic anchoring agent according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0051] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that the description of this disclosure will be more complete and fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art.

[0052] This invention provides, for example Figure 1 The method for full-length anchoring with a thixotropic anchoring agent, as shown, includes the following steps:

[0053] The anchor holes to be injected with anchoring agent are subjected to surface roughness equalization treatment. The hole walls are cleaned by mechanical grinding and high-pressure water jet to eliminate micro-cracks and irregular hole wall structures, thereby reducing the risk of local flow blockage caused by uneven surface roughness.

[0054] The specific steps for equalizing the surface roughness of the anchor holes to be injected with anchoring agent, including mechanical grinding and high-pressure water jet cleaning of the hole walls to eliminate micro-cracks and irregular hole wall structures, and reduce the risk of local flow blockage caused by uneven surface roughness, are as follows:

[0055] The inner wall of the anchor hole is ground with special tools to eliminate unevenness and protrusions, thereby reducing the flow resistance of the anchoring agent.

[0056] Mechanical grinding is a fundamental step in equalizing the surface roughness of anchor holes, aiming to clean protrusions, sharp edges, and rough, uneven areas from the inner surface of the anchor holes. Specialized anchor hole grinding tools, such as electric grinding heads, rotary steel brushes, or diamond grinding wheels, are typically used to perform comprehensive grinding along the inner wall of the anchor hole in a 360-degree rotation. During grinding, key areas of unevenness on the hole wall are prioritized for smoothing out any areas that might obstruct the flow of the anchoring agent. Simultaneously, the operator needs to control the grinding depth to avoid over-grinding, which could reduce the strength of the hole wall. This step significantly reduces the frictional resistance of the anchoring agent during its flow, ensuring smooth injection of the anchoring agent.

[0057] High-pressure water jets are used to rinse the surface of the anchor holes to remove dust, debris, and loose material from micro-cracks, reducing the risk of flow blockage.

[0058] After mechanical grinding, high-pressure water jet rinsing is used to further remove dust, debris, and fine particles from the borehole surface. This process utilizes a high-pressure water gun with an adjustable nozzle, adjusting the water pressure to between 10 and 20 MPa to ensure effective coverage of the entire inner wall of the anchor hole. The high-pressure water jet not only removes visible particles and debris but also penetrates into the tiny cracks in the borehole wall, flushing out loose material. This process significantly reduces the obstruction of anchoring agent flow by residues on the borehole surface and, to some extent, repairs tiny cracks, reducing the risk of leakage during anchoring agent injection.

[0059] High-definition scanning technology is used to identify defects in the hole wall, and repair materials are used to fill micro-cracks and grooves to ensure the overall smoothness of the hole wall surface;

[0060] After cleaning, it is necessary to identify defects on the inner wall of the anchor hole, focusing on checking for micro-cracks, hole wall depressions, or irregular grooves. Typically, a high-definition camera or laser scanner is used to perform a comprehensive scan of the hole wall, generating a 3D model to analyze the surface smoothness and defect locations.

[0061] If large cracks or depressions are found, operators need to use specialized repair materials (such as cement-based repair grout or epoxy resin) to fill and smooth these defects, ensuring the overall smoothness of the anchor hole's inner wall. At the same time, the selection of repair materials must consider the compatibility with the thixotropic anchoring agent to avoid adverse reactions between materials.

[0062] The adhesion of the anchoring agent is improved by treating the hole walls with hot air drying and interface agent spraying, and moisture is prevented from affecting the curing effect.

[0063] After the repair is completed and dried, a surface drying treatment is performed to remove excess moisture from the hole walls. Hot air drying equipment is used to dry the hole wall surface to a suitable moisture content to ensure that the anchoring agent can fully adhere to the hole wall and to prevent moisture from affecting the curing effect of the thixotropic material.

[0064] In addition, before injecting the anchoring agent, a special interface agent or pretreatment agent can be sprayed onto the inner wall of the anchor hole to further enhance the bonding force between the anchoring agent and the hole wall. The role of the interface agent is to improve the chemical properties of the hole wall surface, making it easier for it to undergo physical and chemical bonding with the anchoring agent, thereby improving the overall strength and durability of the anchoring system.

[0065] The anchoring agent, formulated with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction, maintains low viscosity and fluidity during initial injection, enabling it to quickly fill the anchor hole. After a certain period of time, it triggers an internal chemical reaction, causing the material to expand and increase in viscosity, thereby filling tiny gaps and cracks and preventing incomplete local curing.

[0066] The anchoring agent, formulated with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction, maintains low viscosity and fluidity during initial injection, allowing it to quickly fill the anchor hole. After a certain period, it triggers an internal chemical reaction, causing the material to expand and increase in viscosity, thereby filling tiny gaps and cracks and preventing incomplete local curing. The specific steps are as follows:

[0067] An anchoring agent with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formulation is selected according to the construction environment, and its initial fluidity is ensured through stirring and temperature pretreatment.

[0068] Before anchoring, a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formulation of the anchoring agent must be selected based on the engineering environment and the condition of the borehole wall. The anchoring agent typically consists of a low-viscosity base material, an expanding agent, and a thixotropic reaction catalyst, ensuring good flowability in the initial stage and rapid thickening and curing in the later stage. Before injection, the anchoring agent is uniformly stirred and pre-treated at a certain temperature to ensure that the material's reaction rate matches the conditions of the anchor hole.

[0069] During the preparation process, it is crucial to carefully control the reaction trigger time. The initiation timing of the chemical reaction must be adjusted according to the ambient temperature and humidity to prevent premature reaction, which could lead to increased viscosity of the material during injection and thus the risk of blockage. This pretreatment ensures that the anchoring agent has sufficient fluidity in the initial stage to smoothly pass through rough or irregular hole wall areas.

[0070] Specialized equipment is used to inject the anchoring agent into the anchor hole, and the grouting speed is dynamically adjusted through a real-time monitoring system to ensure that the anchoring agent successfully covers the entire hole wall.

[0071] The prepared anchoring agent is injected into the anchor hole using specialized grouting equipment, utilizing its low viscosity to achieve rapid flow and complete filling of the anchor hole. During the injection process, a real-time monitoring system should be used to monitor the pressure, flow rate, and material flow path within the anchor hole to ensure that the anchoring agent can smoothly pass through grooves, micro-cracks, and other areas on the hole wall, avoiding the formation of cavities or blockage points.

[0072] The equipment used to inject anchoring agent into anchor holes is typically a high-pressure grouting pump or a screw pump, the specific choice depending on the construction environment and the characteristics of the anchoring agent. High-pressure grouting pumps are suitable for scenarios requiring higher pressure, enabling the uniform delivery of low-viscosity anchoring agents to deep fractures, improving penetration. Screw pumps are suitable for controlling the grouting flow rate, ensuring the anchoring agent fills the hole wall at a stable rate. Furthermore, intelligent grouting control systems, combining flow meters, pressure sensors, and real-time monitoring modules, can dynamically adjust the grouting speed and pressure to adapt to the pore structure of different strata, preventing leakage or uneven localized curing, and improving the anchoring effect.

[0073] Because the anchor hole surface has been mechanically ground and cleaned with high-pressure water jets, the low-viscosity anchoring agent can smoothly cover the entire hole wall, filling most of the gaps. Simultaneously, the monitoring system automatically adjusts the grouting speed and pressure to avoid material waste due to excessively fast injection or uneven curing caused by excessively slow injection, ensuring that the anchoring agent's flow process meets design expectations.

[0074] After the anchoring agent has been in place for a period of time, it triggers an internal chemical reaction, increases in viscosity and expands to fill the micro-cracks in the hole wall, forming a continuous consolidation layer;

[0075] After the anchoring agent is injected and remains in the anchor hole for a period of time, the internal thixotropic catalyst begins to trigger a chemical reaction, causing the viscosity of the material to increase rapidly and its volume to expand, thereby filling the tiny cracks and irregular gaps in the anchor hole.

[0076] The expansion and filling process is crucial. It not only enhances the bond between the anchoring agent and the hole wall but also prevents the formation of local cavities caused by uneven hole walls. Especially for micro-crack areas deep within the anchor hole that are difficult to clean, the expanded anchoring agent can effectively fill these hidden areas, thereby forming a continuous and uniform consolidation layer and ensuring the overall load-bearing performance of the anchoring system.

[0077] By using a matching algorithm of shear force and curing time, the viscosity of the anchoring agent is adaptively adjusted to ensure that the anchoring agent cures synchronously and uniformly throughout the entire anchor hole.

[0078] To prevent stress concentration caused by premature curing of the anchoring agent in localized areas, precise control of the reaction time and viscosity change process of the anchoring agent is required. During the chemical reaction triggering process, the viscosity of the anchoring agent adaptively adjusts according to changes in shear force and pressure. That is, the viscosity decreases in the blocked areas within the anchor hole to enhance fluidity, while it rapidly thickens and cures in unblocked areas, thereby achieving a uniform anchoring effect.

[0079] Meanwhile, a curing time matching algorithm is introduced to analyze the flow time and temperature changes in different areas in real time, identify areas that are curing too fast or too slow, and automatically adjust the thixotropic reaction speed to ensure that the anchoring agent in the entire anchor hole is cured synchronously, avoiding structural hazards caused by local uncured or premature curing.

[0080] During the injection of anchoring agent, a real-time monitoring intelligent grouting control system is introduced to monitor the pressure changes and flow resistance of the anchoring agent in the anchor hole in real time. When an abnormal increase in pressure is detected in a certain area, the grouting speed is automatically adjusted and the pulse grouting mode is started to break through the blockage area and ensure that the anchoring agent can be evenly distributed to the entire length of the anchor hole.

[0081] During the anchoring agent injection process, a real-time monitoring intelligent grouting control system is introduced to monitor pressure changes and anchoring agent flow resistance within the anchor hole in real time. When an abnormal increase in pressure is detected in a certain area, the grouting speed is automatically adjusted, and a pulse grouting mode is activated to break through the blockage area and ensure that the anchoring agent can be evenly distributed throughout the entire length of the anchor hole. The specific steps are as follows:

[0082] The system is initialized before grouting to ensure that the grouting process is automatically adjusted according to different anchor hole conditions;

[0083] Before grouting begins, the intelligent grouting control system is first initialized by setting key parameters such as the target pressure range, flow velocity threshold, and resistance change response strategy. The system collects real-time data from the anchor holes using pressure and flow velocity sensors and transmits the data to the control terminal for analysis.

[0084] In this step, pressure warning values ​​for different areas of the system need to be set based on the depth, diameter, and geological conditions of the anchor holes. For example, anchor holes under complex geological conditions may have micro-cracks and blockage areas. The system needs to identify potential risk points in these areas in advance and set warning response strategies. This initialization step ensures that the control system can automatically adjust the grouting process for different working conditions, avoiding grouting failures caused by delayed human intervention.

[0085] By using sensors to monitor the pressure and flow resistance inside the anchor hole in real time, the blockage area can be accurately located and the cause of abnormal flow can be analyzed.

[0086] During the injection of anchoring agent, the intelligent grouting control system monitors the pressure changes and anchoring agent flow resistance within the anchor hole in real time. Pressure sensors are distributed along the depth of the anchor hole, collecting data in segments to ensure comprehensive coverage of pressure changes throughout the entire anchor hole.

[0087] When the system detects an abnormal increase in pressure in a certain area, it usually indicates that there may be micro-crack blockage or irregular pore walls in that area, causing obstruction of anchoring agent flow. In this case, the system will automatically record the location of the blockage and determine whether the grouting rate needs to be adjusted or the grouting strategy changed. Simultaneously, the system will compare and analyze the data with previous flow modeling data to identify whether the blockage is a normal local expansion response, thus avoiding erroneous intervention.

[0088] When a blockage area is detected, the grouting speed is automatically adjusted, and the pulse grouting mode is activated to overcome flow obstacles and fill gaps.

[0089] When the intelligent system detects an abnormally high pressure in a certain area that may lead to grouting interruption or localized solidification, the system will automatically adjust the grouting speed to reduce resistance and prevent the anchoring agent from prematurely solidifying in high-pressure areas. If the deceleration adjustment fails to effectively resolve the blockage, the system will automatically activate the pulse grouting mode.

[0090] Pulsed grouting achieves high-pressure impact over a short period through intermittent, high-frequency grouting, overcoming flow obstacles in blocked areas. This method effectively reduces flow blockage caused by irregular borehole structures or micro-cracks, ensuring the anchoring agent can flow smoothly throughout the entire anchor hole. Furthermore, pulsed grouting can further fill fine cracks and deep voids, enhancing the anchoring effect.

[0091] The grouting strategy is dynamically adjusted based on real-time monitoring results, and the algorithm model is continuously optimized to ensure uniform distribution and synchronous curing of the anchoring agent.

[0092] During the grouting process, the system dynamically adjusts based on real-time monitoring data and feeds the results of each adjustment back to the control system's algorithm model, enabling self-learning and optimization. If the system detects that the blockage area has been successfully cleared, it will automatically revert to normal grouting mode to ensure uniform injection of anchoring agent throughout the anchor hole.

[0093] Furthermore, the system adjusts the thixotropic reaction rate of the anchoring agent based on the flow time and curing progress of each area, avoiding localized stress concentration caused by mismatched curing rates in different areas during grouting. Through dynamic adjustment and feedback optimization, the system can continuously improve the uniformity and stability of grouting, thereby ensuring the overall safety and durability of the anchoring system.

[0094] The use of variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology allows the viscosity of the anchoring agent to be adaptively adjusted according to the pressure and shear conditions within the anchor hole. In areas where the anchoring agent flow is blocked, its viscosity is reduced to enhance fluidity, ensuring that microcracks and deep areas can be completely filled. In unblocked areas, the anchoring agent rapidly thickens and solidifies, avoiding loss caused by excessive flow.

[0095] In areas where the anchoring agent flow is blocked, the anchoring agent automatically reduces its viscosity by using shear-sensitive materials to enhance its fluidity, breaking through the blockage and fully filling microcracks and deep areas. The specific steps are as follows:

[0096] After the intelligent grouting system identifies the blockage area, the anchoring agent automatically reduces its viscosity and enhances its fluidity to break through the blockage point.

[0097] During the anchoring agent injection process, when the intelligent grouting control system detects an abnormal increase in pressure in a certain area, the system determines that there may be flow blockage or irregular structure of the borehole wall in that area. To prevent the anchoring agent from curing prematurely in this location, the thixotropic anchoring agent automatically reduces its viscosity according to changes in shear force and pressure, thereby enhancing its fluidity. This low viscosity adjustment ensures that the anchoring agent can break through the blockage area and continue to flow deeper, achieving full-length anchoring.

[0098] The shear-sensitive material in the anchoring agent decomposes its molecular structure under high shear force, changing from a colloidal state to a liquid state to fill deep cracks and micropores;

[0099] Shear-sensitive materials in anchoring agents are key to achieving low viscosity adaptive adjustment. These materials decompose long-chain molecular structures under high shear stress, causing the anchoring agent to change from a colloidal state to a liquid state. As the anchoring agent flows through micro-cracks and tiny pores within the anchor hole, the shear force increases, and the viscosity decreases accordingly, enhancing the anchoring agent's penetration ability and ensuring that even deep areas and hidden cracks in the anchor hole are completely filled.

[0100] Continuously monitor the grouting process and resume normal grouting mode after the blockage is broken to ensure smooth flow of anchoring agent;

[0101] During the low-viscosity adjustment period, the intelligent grouting system continuously monitors the grouting speed and pressure trends to ensure the anchoring agent flows as expected. If the system detects that a blockage area has been cleared, it automatically adjusts to the normal grouting mode. This real-time adjustment process prevents material from remaining in one position due to blockage, thus effectively preventing the formation of cavities or weak layers.

[0102] By analyzing pressure data in real time, the flow path is optimized to ensure that the anchoring agent covers the entire length of the anchor hole and fills all micro-cracks.

[0103] To further improve the flow efficiency of the anchoring agent in blocked areas, the intelligent system optimizes the flow path of the anchoring agent through real-time pressure data analysis. The system automatically selects the path of least resistance, guiding the anchoring agent to bypass or penetrate the blockage point, ensuring effective filling of micro-cracks and deep areas. Through this adaptive adjustment, the anchoring agent can uniformly cover the entire length of the anchor hole, thereby enhancing the overall anchoring effect.

[0104] In unobstructed areas, the anchoring agent rapidly cures by triggering a thickening reaction, forming a stable solidified layer. This prevents material loss due to excessive flow and enhances the bonding strength and durability of the anchor. The specific steps are as follows:

[0105] The anchoring agent triggers a thickening reaction in unblocked areas, rapidly solidifies to form a stable consolidation layer, and prevents material loss.

[0106] As the anchoring agent flows through unblocked areas, the system automatically triggers its thixotropic reaction mechanism, causing the material viscosity to increase rapidly and begin to solidify. This thickening process is triggered by both internal chemical reactions and environmental changes, ensuring that the anchoring agent can form a stable solidified layer in unblocked areas, preventing the material from flowing out of the anchor hole due to excessive fluidity.

[0107] In the unblocked area, the reaction catalyst of the anchoring agent is rapidly activated, causing the material to change from a low-viscosity liquid state to a high-viscosity colloidal state and then solidify.

[0108] The reactive catalyst in thixotropic anchoring agents is rapidly activated in unblocked areas, causing the anchoring agent to transform from a low-viscosity liquid state to a high-viscosity gel state and then rapidly cure. This thickening reaction is temporally and spatially selective, ensuring that the anchoring agent cures quickly in the necessary locations without affecting the flow process in other areas. This property helps improve the stability and strength of the anchoring system.

[0109] Adjust the curing time according to the flow time and environmental parameters to ensure that the anchoring agent cures synchronously in the anchor hole and avoid stress concentration.

[0110] To achieve synchronous curing throughout the entire anchor hole, the intelligent system dynamically adjusts the initiation timing of the thixotropic reaction based on changes in flow time, temperature, and pressure in different areas. This curing time matching algorithm avoids the problem of premature or delayed curing in local areas, thereby eliminating potential stress concentration and effectively improving the overall load-bearing performance of the anchoring system.

[0111] The anchoring agent rapidly thickens in unblocked areas, forming a continuous consolidation layer, which effectively improves the bonding force between the anchor body and the hole wall, preventing slippage and breakage.

[0112] During the rapid adhesion-enhancing process in unblocked areas, the anchoring agent can better coat the anchor bolt or reinforcing bar and form a continuous consolidation layer with the borehole wall. This process effectively enhances the bonding force between the anchor body and the borehole wall, preventing slippage, pull-out, or breakage of the anchor bolt during long-term use. Especially under complex geological conditions, this adhesion-enhancing and curing mechanism can significantly improve the durability and safety of the anchoring system.

[0113] A flow path optimization algorithm is introduced to model and analyze the flow behavior of the anchoring agent in the anchor hole, calculate the optimal flow path, and dynamically adjust the grouting parameters to ensure that the anchoring agent is uniformly distributed in the complex hole wall structure.

[0114] A flow path optimization algorithm is introduced to model and analyze the flow behavior of the anchoring agent in the anchor hole, calculate the optimal flow path, and dynamically adjust the grouting parameters to ensure uniform distribution of the anchoring agent in the complex hole wall structure. The specific steps are as follows:

[0115] Before grouting begins, the geometry and wall characteristics of the anchor hole are modeled to calculate the initial state of the flow path. Based on the flow resistance, the pressure distribution in the local area is calculated. The goal of this step is to evaluate the flow characteristics of the anchoring agent throughout the anchor hole and determine the initial pressure difference in each region. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0116] In the formula, It is local pressure, representing the pressure at a specific point along the flow path. This is the dynamic viscosity of the anchoring agent, representing the internal friction force of the anchoring agent. It is the flow rate through this area per unit of time. It is the radius of the path region, reflecting the width of the flow channel in that region. It is the length of the path segment, representing the distance from the current path point to the next path point;

[0117] This calculation yields the local pressure distribution in each region, which is useful for subsequent path optimization and grouting speed adjustment.

[0118] Based on the local pressure distribution results, a flow path optimization objective function is established. The optimal flow path is calculated using this function. The optimization objective is to minimize overall flow resistance and ensure flow uniformity, while also considering the roughness and crack variations of the pore wall. The flow direction and velocity of the anchoring agent are adjusted. The core of the optimization is to adjust the flow rate and path of the anchoring agent so that it can fill the micro-cracks to the maximum extent and avoid the formation of clogging areas. The optimization objective function is expressed as follows:

[0119] In the formula, It is the objective function for flow path optimization, representing the total flow resistance along the flow path. It is a segment in the flow path, representing a tiny length of the current path within the optimization region. It is the objective function for minimum flow path optimization;

[0120] By minimizing this objective function, the optimal flow path is determined to ensure that the anchoring agent can pass smoothly through the complex pore wall structure.

[0121] After determining the optimal flow path, the grouting parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the actual structure of the borehole wall (such as microcracks, grooves, and other irregular structures) to ensure that the anchoring agent can adapt to the irregularity of the borehole wall during flow. At this time, the grouting speed needs to be adjusted according to the local flow resistance and pressure changes to optimize the distribution of the anchoring agent. The formula for dynamically adjusting the grouting speed is as follows:

[0122] In the formula, This is the adjusted grouting flow rate;

[0123] This step allows for real-time adjustment of the grouting flow rate, ensuring that the anchoring agent can flow smoothly in areas with complex borehole walls, filling microcracks and irregular areas.

[0124] Through continuous real-time feedback and updates, grouting parameters are dynamically optimized to ensure uniform flow and pressure distribution during the grouting process and to avoid localized rapid solidification or loss. To further improve accuracy, the flow path and grouting speed are continuously adjusted based on changes in the borehole wall structure and the actual flow state to adapt to different geological environments. The global optimization feedback formula is as follows:

[0125] In the formula, The global optimization objective is to minimize the deviation between total flow resistance and grouting speed. It is the flow rate, reflecting the actual flow velocity during the grouting process.

[0126] Through continuous optimization, the entire length can be evenly distributed based on real-time feedback, ensuring that the anchoring agent can effectively fill every area of ​​the complex hole wall structure.

[0127] The curing time matching algorithm is adopted to intelligently adjust the curing speed of the anchoring agent according to the flow time and temperature changes in different areas. The curing time matching algorithm identifies areas that are curing too fast or too slow by analyzing the curing process of each area in real time, and ensures that the anchoring agent in the entire anchor hole is cured synchronously by adjusting the thixotropic reaction speed, thus avoiding stress concentration caused by premature local curing.

[0128] The following steps utilize a curing time matching algorithm to intelligently adjust the curing speed of the anchoring agent based on the flow time and temperature changes in different areas. This ensures synchronous curing of the anchoring agent throughout the anchor hole, preventing stress concentration caused by premature local curing:

[0129] First, a sensor network is used to monitor the temperature changes in each area of ​​the anchor hole in real time to calculate the rate of temperature change in each area. The temperature change directly affects the curing speed of the thixotropic anchoring agent, so the curing process must be adjusted based on the real-time temperature. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0130] In the formula, It is the amount of temperature change within the region. It represents the temperature gradient within the anchor hole, indicating how the temperature changes with depth. It is the axial depth of the anchor hole. It is the anchor hole. It specifies the depth;

[0131] This step takes into account the continuity of temperature distribution and the influence of anchor hole depth on temperature changes, thus more accurately reflecting the effect of temperature on curing speed. By integrating the temperature gradient, we can obtain more detailed temperature changes, providing more accurate basic data for subsequent adjustments to the curing speed.

[0132] Based on the obtained temperature changes and the temperature sensitivity of the material (e.g., the curing reaction rate of thixotropic anchoring agents), the curing rate of each region is calculated. ;

[0133] In this step, the curing rate is not only directly proportional to temperature, but also includes nonlinear reactions caused by temperature changes. Increased temperature leads to an accelerated reaction rate, but the degree of acceleration is controlled by an exponential function. This allows for a more precise description of the effect of temperature changes on the curing rate, particularly regarding sensitivity in high-temperature regions.

[0134] By comparing the curing time with the set target time, areas that cure too quickly or too slowly are identified. For areas that cure too quickly, the reaction rate needs to be reduced, while for areas that cure too slowly, the reaction rate needs to be increased. A dynamic adjustment factor and a spatiotemporal distribution function of the target curing speed are introduced to make the adjustment of the curing speed more precise and multidimensional. The formula is as follows:

[0135] In the formula, The thixotropic reaction rate needs to be adjusted. It is a region The sensitivity coefficient for adjusting the reaction rate depends on the importance of the region. It is a region Curing speed, This is the target curing speed, representing the expected curing speed. It is a region The weighting factor adjusts the priority of reaction rates according to the characteristics of different regions. This is the total number of regions;

[0136] This step introduces a dynamic adjustment factor, and adjusts it according to the importance of the region (via...). and The reaction rate is weighted and adjusted. This method allows for more precise adjustment of the curing rate in each region, ensuring greater flexibility and accuracy in adjusting the reaction rate.

[0137] Finally, based on the curing speed adjustments for each region, a global adjustment is performed to ensure synchronized curing times across all regions. A spatiotemporal optimization algorithm for global reaction rate is introduced to make the global adjustment more efficient. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0138] In the formula, It is the adjustment amount for the global curing reaction rate. It is a region The contribution coefficient of the solidification process to global synchronization. It is a region Adjustment factor for global solidification synchronization.

[0139] By integrating the adjustments made in each region, the global reaction rate is calculated, and the curing process throughout the entire anchor hole is uniformly regulated. This operation ensures that the anchoring agent throughout the anchor hole can cure synchronously, avoiding stress concentration problems caused by premature or slow curing in local areas, thereby enhancing the stability and durability of the overall anchoring system.

[0140] Specific Implementation Method 1: During the injection of thixotropic anchoring agents, the fluidity of the anchoring agent is often hindered due to uneven surface roughness, irregular distribution of micro-cracks, and complex geological conditions within the anchor hole. This can lead to incomplete local curing or cavity formation during grouting. Such problems directly affect the overall load-bearing performance of the anchoring system and can easily cause safety hazards such as anchor slippage, pull-out, or even support failure. To address this issue, this implementation method employs a real-time monitoring intelligent grouting control system. By monitoring and automatically adjusting pressure changes and flow resistance within the anchor hole in real time, it ensures that the anchoring agent is evenly distributed along the entire length of the anchor hole, thereby improving the support effect.

[0141] Before construction, the intelligent grouting system is first initialized. Pressure and flow rate sensors in the system are arranged in sections along the anchor hole depth to ensure comprehensive monitoring of pressure and flow rate changes within the anchor hole. During system initialization, warning pressure thresholds are set for different areas based on the anchor hole depth, diameter, surface characteristics of the hole wall, and geological conditions. For example, for areas with numerous micro-cracks, the system's warning threshold will be appropriately lowered to promptly detect potential flow blockages.

[0142] During the actual injection of the anchoring agent, the intelligent grouting system monitors the pressure changes and flow resistance within the anchor hole in real time. When the system detects an abnormal increase in pressure in a certain area, it usually indicates that there is flow blockage or increased local resistance due to irregular hole walls in that area. At this time, the system will automatically record the blockage location according to the preset response strategy and determine whether it is necessary to adjust the grouting speed or activate the pulse grouting mode.

[0143] When the system detects an abnormal increase in pressure in a certain area that may lead to incomplete local curing, it will automatically reduce the grouting speed to decrease resistance and prevent premature curing of the anchoring agent in that area. This speed adjustment process is automatically completed by the system's control algorithm, avoiding the response lag problem caused by human intervention in traditional grouting processes. Reducing the grouting speed can enhance the fluidity of the anchoring agent, allowing it to better penetrate micro-cracks and deep areas, thereby improving the filling effect.

[0144] If the system detects that the blockage problem persists after reducing the grouting speed, the intelligent grouting system will automatically activate the pulse grouting mode. The pulse grouting mode uses intermittent, high-frequency grouting to deliver high-pressure impacts to the blocked area for a short period, thus overcoming flow obstacles. This mode is particularly suitable for anchor holes with irregular borehole structures or numerous cracks, effectively reducing localized cavities or weak layers formed due to blockage.

[0145] During the grouting process, the intelligent grouting control system dynamically adjusts the grouting speed and pulse pattern based on real-time monitoring data, and feeds the results of each adjustment back to the control algorithm, achieving self-learning and optimization. This dynamic adjustment and feedback optimization mechanism ensures uniform distribution of the anchoring agent and full-length filling effect, thereby improving the overall stability and durability of the anchoring system.

[0146] Specific Implementation Method Two: During the grouting process of thixotropic anchoring agents, traditional fixed-viscosity anchoring agents are prone to flow blockage or incomplete filling due to irregular hole wall surfaces, uneven distribution of microcracks, and difficulty in filling deep voids within the anchor hole. This implementation method employs variable-viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology, enabling the anchoring agent to automatically adjust its viscosity according to the pressure and shear conditions within the anchor hole, thereby achieving adaptive flow control and ensuring efficient filling and uniform curing of the anchoring agent in different areas.

[0147] When the anchoring agent flows through a blocked area, the intelligent system detects an increase in shear force due to irregular pore walls or numerous micro-cracks. At this point, the anchoring agent automatically reduces its viscosity to enhance its fluidity. Under high shear force, the shear-sensitive material in the anchoring agent decomposes its long-chain molecular structure, causing the material to change from a colloidal state to a liquid state. This allows it to better penetrate deep cracks and tiny pores, thoroughly filling all voids and preventing the formation of hidden cavities or weak layers.

[0148] When the anchoring agent enters an unblocked area, its thixotropic reaction mechanism is rapidly triggered to prevent excessive flow and loss, increasing the material viscosity and initiating solidification. Once the reaction catalyst in the thixotropic anchoring agent is activated, the material transforms from a low-viscosity liquid to a high-viscosity gel state and rapidly solidifies within a short time, forming a stable solidified layer that effectively improves the overall stability of the anchoring system.

[0149] During the flow of the anchoring agent, the intelligent grouting system uses real-time pressure and flow velocity data to dynamically model and analyze the flow path within the anchor hole. If the system detects high flow resistance in a certain area, the shear-sensitive material of the anchoring agent automatically reduces its viscosity, making it easier to pass through the blocked area and enter micro-cracks and deep pores. This adaptive flow control technology ensures that the anchoring agent can fully cover the anchor hole even under complex geological conditions, avoiding hidden cavities or weak layers that are easily missed in traditional anchoring methods.

[0150] When anchoring agents penetrate blocked areas, they thoroughly fill micro-cracks and small voids, especially in deep, hidden fractures where traditional high-viscosity anchoring agents struggle to penetrate. Variable-viscosity thixotropic anchoring agents, however, can achieve deep filling of these areas by reducing viscosity, thus significantly improving the integrity and stability of the anchoring system. This technology is particularly effective in engineering projects with complex geological conditions, especially in environments with dynamic load variations or ground displacement, enhancing the support effect.

[0151] To prevent excessive flow of the anchoring agent in unblocked areas, the thixotropic anchoring agent in this embodiment automatically triggers a thickening reaction when the flow resistance decreases. Through the combined action of the internal catalyst and external environmental factors (such as temperature, humidity, and pressure), the viscosity of the anchoring agent increases rapidly and cures within a short time.

[0152] Furthermore, to ensure that the anchoring agent in different areas cures synchronously, the intelligent system dynamically adjusts the initiation timing of the thixotropic reaction based on the flow time, temperature changes, and pressure conditions in each area. This curing time matching algorithm effectively avoids the problem of premature or delayed local curing that occurs in traditional grouting processes, thereby preventing stress concentration caused by inconsistent curing times.

[0153] Ultimately, through this adaptive adjustment and dynamic optimization, the variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology can ensure that the anchoring agent is uniformly distributed and synchronously cured throughout the anchor hole, thereby significantly improving the overall stress performance of the anchoring system and avoiding the risk of slippage, pull-out or breakage of anchor rods or reinforcing bars during long-term use.

[0154] Specific Implementation Method 3: In order to completely solve the problems of incomplete local curing, cavity formation and stress concentration that occur during the injection of anchoring agent, this implementation method adopts an anchoring agent with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formula. By controlling the fluidity, expansion and curing speed of the anchoring agent, the anchoring agent is simultaneously cured throughout the entire length of the anchor hole, thereby forming a continuous and uniform consolidation layer, which greatly improves the overall durability and stability of the support system.

[0155] In the initial stage of grouting, the multi-stage thixotropic anchoring agent maintains a low viscosity to ensure rapid flow and complete coverage of all areas of the anchor hole. The high fluidity of the low-viscosity anchoring agent allows it to easily pass through irregular structures and micro-cracks within the anchor hole, preventing blockages or flow obstruction in the initial stages.

[0156] To ensure smooth initial injection, the intelligent grouting system dynamically adjusts the grouting flow rate and pressure based on the anchor hole depth, diameter, and geological conditions, ensuring that the anchoring agent can cover the entire anchor hole in a short time. The low viscosity state at this stage is a crucial step in ensuring uniform filling of the anchoring agent along its entire length.

[0157] After the anchoring agent is injected into the anchor hole and remains there for a period of time, the expanding material and catalyst inside gradually trigger an expansion reaction, causing the anchoring agent to expand moderately and fill the tiny voids and cracks in the anchor hole. This expansion reaction can effectively repair minor defects in the anchor hole wall and further enhance the bonding force between the anchoring agent and the hole wall.

[0158] The expansion filling process can significantly reduce cavities or weak layers that may exist within the anchor hole, thereby greatly improving the load-bearing performance of the anchoring system. Especially in engineering projects with complex geological environments or dynamic loads, expansion filling technology can effectively reduce the risk of ground deformation or anchor slippage.

[0159] After the expansion and filling are completed, the anchoring agent will trigger a multi-stage adhesion-enhancing reaction according to the environmental changes in different areas. This reaction is divided into three stages: initial adhesion enhancement, intermediate gelation, and final curing, ensuring that the anchoring agent achieves simultaneous adhesion enhancement and curing in different depth areas.

[0160] To achieve this process, the intelligent system monitors the temperature, pressure, and flow time in each area in real time, and adjusts the start time of the curing reaction based on this data, thereby avoiding premature or delayed curing in certain areas. This multi-stage synchronous curing technology effectively prevents stress concentration and ensures the overall strength and stability of the anchoring system.

[0161] As the adhesion-enhancing reaction completes, the anchoring agent within the anchor hole gradually forms a continuous and uniform consolidation layer, firmly bonding the anchor rod or reinforcing bar to the anchor hole wall. This consolidation layer not only possesses high strength and strong adhesion but also effectively resists the effects of external environmental changes and long-term dynamic loads, thereby significantly improving the durability and safety of the support system.

[0162] Ultimately, by adopting a multi-stage thixotropic reaction full-length synchronous curing method, the anchoring agent can achieve efficient support under complex geological conditions, effectively reduce common problems such as anchor slippage, pull-out, or breakage, and significantly improve the overall stability and safety of the project.

[0163] This invention effectively solves problems such as incomplete local curing, cavity formation, and stress concentration in traditional anchoring processes by employing an intelligent grouting control system, variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology, and a multi-stage thixotropic reaction synchronous curing method. These technical solutions ensure that the viscosity of the anchoring agent can be dynamically adjusted during injection, reducing viscosity and enhancing fluidity in blocked areas, and rapidly increasing viscosity and curing in unblocked areas, achieving uniform filling and synchronous curing along the entire length. This improves the pull-out resistance and overall load-bearing performance of the anchoring system. Especially in complex geological conditions and dynamic load environments, this technology effectively prevents anchor slippage, pull-out, or breakage, significantly improving the long-term stability of the support structure and ensuring the safety and reliability of engineering projects.

[0164] This invention utilizes an automated intelligent grouting control system to achieve real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of pressure changes and flow resistance within the anchor hole. It can automatically adjust the grouting speed, pulse mode, and curing reaction rate according to the conditions of different areas, thereby avoiding blockages, material waste, and rework during the grouting process. Furthermore, the variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent used maintains low viscosity during initial injection, facilitating rapid filling of the anchor hole; after a period of time, it triggers a viscosity-enhancing and curing reaction, reducing the risk of material loss and cavity formation. Through these improvements, this invention not only enhances the efficiency of anchoring agent injection and shortens the construction cycle but also effectively reduces construction and maintenance costs, providing a more economical and efficient technical solution for support operations in mines, tunnels, and underground engineering projects.

[0165] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0166] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0167] It should be noted that, in this document, the use of relational terms such as "first" and "second" is merely for distinguishing one entity or operation from another, and does not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0168] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0169] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0170] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0171] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0172] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0173] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0174] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for full-length anchoring with a thixotropic anchoring agent, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The anchor holes to be injected with anchoring agent are subjected to surface roughness equalization treatment. The hole walls are cleaned by mechanical grinding and high-pressure water jet to eliminate micro-cracks and irregular hole wall structures, thereby reducing the risk of local flow blockage caused by uneven surface roughness. The anchoring agent, formulated with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction, maintains low viscosity and fluidity during initial injection, thereby filling tiny gaps and cracks and preventing incomplete local curing. During the anchoring agent injection process, a real-time monitoring intelligent grouting control system is introduced to monitor the pressure changes and anchoring agent flow resistance in the anchor hole in real time, ensuring that the anchoring agent can be evenly distributed to the entire length of the anchor hole. The variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology is adopted, which enables the viscosity of the anchoring agent to be adaptively adjusted according to the pressure and shear conditions in the anchor hole; In areas where the anchoring agent flow is blocked, the anchoring agent automatically reduces its viscosity by using shear-sensitive materials to enhance its fluidity, breaking through the blockage and fully filling microcracks and deep areas. The specific steps are as follows: After the intelligent grouting system identifies the blockage area, the anchoring agent automatically reduces its viscosity and enhances its fluidity to break through the blockage point. The shear-sensitive material in the anchoring agent decomposes its molecular structure under high shear force, changing from a colloidal state to a liquid state to fill deep cracks and micropores; Continuously monitor the grouting process and resume normal grouting mode after the blockage is broken to ensure smooth flow of anchoring agent; By analyzing pressure data in real time, the flow path is optimized to ensure that the anchoring agent covers the entire length of the anchor hole and fills all micro-cracks. A flow path optimization algorithm is introduced to model and analyze the flow behavior of the anchoring agent in the anchor hole, calculate the optimal flow path, and dynamically adjust the grouting parameters to ensure that the anchoring agent is uniformly distributed in the complex hole wall structure. By employing a curing time matching algorithm, the curing speed of the anchoring agent is intelligently adjusted according to the flow time and temperature changes in different areas, ensuring that the anchoring agent in the entire anchor hole cures synchronously and avoiding stress concentration caused by premature curing in certain areas.

2. The method for full-length anchoring with a thixotropic anchoring agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for equalizing the surface roughness of the anchor holes to be injected with anchoring agent, including mechanical grinding and high-pressure water jet cleaning of the hole walls to eliminate micro-cracks and irregular hole wall structures, and reduce the risk of local flow blockage caused by uneven surface roughness, are as follows: The inner wall of the anchor hole is ground thoroughly with tools to eliminate unevenness and protrusions, thereby reducing the flow resistance of the anchoring agent. High-pressure water jets are used to rinse the surface of the anchor holes to remove dust, debris, and loose material from micro-cracks, reducing the risk of flow blockage. High-definition scanning technology is used to identify defects in the hole wall, and repair materials are used to fill micro-cracks and grooves to ensure the overall smoothness of the hole wall surface; By treating the hole walls with hot air drying and interface agent spraying, the adhesion of the anchoring agent is improved, and moisture is prevented from affecting the curing effect.

3. The full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchoring agent, formulated with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction, maintains low viscosity and fluidity during initial injection, thereby filling tiny gaps and cracks and preventing incomplete local curing. The specific steps are as follows: An anchoring agent with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formulation is selected according to the construction environment, and its initial fluidity is ensured through stirring and temperature pretreatment. The anchoring agent is injected into the anchor hole using equipment, and the grouting speed is dynamically adjusted through a real-time monitoring system to ensure that the anchoring agent successfully covers the entire hole wall. After the anchoring agent has been in place for a period of time, it triggers an internal chemical reaction, increases in viscosity and expands to fill the micro-cracks in the hole wall, forming a continuous consolidation layer; By using a shear force and curing time matching algorithm, the viscosity of the anchoring agent is adaptively adjusted to ensure that the anchoring agent cures synchronously and uniformly throughout the entire anchor hole.

4. The full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the anchoring agent injection process, a real-time monitoring intelligent grouting control system is introduced to monitor pressure changes and anchoring agent flow resistance within the anchor hole in real time, ensuring that the anchoring agent can be evenly distributed throughout the entire length of the anchor hole. The specific steps are as follows: The system is initialized before grouting to ensure that the grouting process is automatically adjusted according to different anchor hole conditions; By using sensors to monitor the pressure and flow resistance inside the anchor hole in real time, the blockage area can be accurately located and the cause of abnormal flow can be analyzed. When a blockage area is detected, the grouting speed is automatically adjusted, and the pulse grouting mode is activated to overcome flow obstacles and fill gaps. The grouting strategy is dynamically adjusted based on real-time monitoring results, and the algorithm model is continuously optimized to ensure uniform distribution and synchronous curing of the anchoring agent.

5. The method for full-length anchoring with a thixotropic anchoring agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, In unobstructed areas, the anchoring agent rapidly cures by triggering a thickening reaction, forming a stable solidified layer. This prevents material loss due to excessive flow and enhances the bonding strength and durability of the anchor. The specific steps are as follows: The anchoring agent triggers a thickening reaction in unblocked areas, rapidly solidifies to form a stable consolidation layer, and prevents material loss. In the unblocked area, the reaction catalyst of the anchoring agent is rapidly activated, causing the material to change from a low-viscosity liquid state to a high-viscosity colloidal state and then solidify. Adjust the curing time according to the flow time and environmental parameters to ensure that the anchoring agent cures synchronously in the anchor hole and avoid stress concentration. The anchoring agent rapidly thickens in unblocked areas, forming a continuous consolidation layer that effectively improves the bonding force between the anchor body and the hole wall, preventing slippage and breakage.

6. The full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, A flow path optimization algorithm is introduced to model and analyze the flow behavior of the anchoring agent in the anchor hole, calculate the optimal flow path, and dynamically adjust the grouting parameters to ensure uniform distribution of the anchoring agent in the complex hole wall structure. The specific steps are as follows: Before grouting begins, the geometry and wall characteristics of the anchor holes are modeled, the initial state of the flow path is calculated, and the pressure distribution in the local area is calculated based on the flow resistance. The calculation expressions are as follows: In the formula, It is localized pressure. It is the dynamic viscosity of the anchoring agent. It is the flow rate through this area per unit of time. It is the radius of the path region. It is the length of the path segment; Based on the local pressure distribution results, an objective function for flow path optimization is established. The optimal flow path is calculated using this function, which is expressed as follows: In the formula, It is the objective function for flow path optimization. It is a segment in the flow path. It is the objective function for minimum flow path optimization.

7. The method for full-length anchoring with a thixotropic anchoring agent according to claim 6, characterized in that, After determining the optimal flow path, the grouting parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the actual structure of the borehole wall to ensure that the anchoring agent can adapt to the irregularity of the borehole wall during the flow process. The formula for dynamically adjusting the grouting rate is as follows: In the formula, This is the adjusted grouting flow rate; Through continuous real-time feedback and updates, grouting parameters are dynamically optimized to ensure uniform flow and pressure distribution during the grouting process and to avoid localized rapid solidification or loss. To further improve accuracy, the flow path and grouting speed are continuously adjusted based on changes in the borehole wall structure and the actual flow state to adapt to different geological environments. The global optimization feedback formula is as follows: In the formula, It is a global optimization goal. It is the flow rate, reflecting the actual flow velocity during the grouting process.

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