A vortex wave metasurface antenna

Abstract

The present application discloses a vortex wave metasurface antenna; it includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a third substrate arranged in sequence, the top surface of the first substrate is provided with a first grating array, the bottom surface of the first substrate, the top surface of the second substrate, the bottom surface of the second substrate, and the top surface of the third substrate are all provided with a first phase array, the first phase array is used to compensate for the phase angle of the electromagnetic wave, the first phase array includes a plurality of phase compensation units, and the plurality of phase compensation units are distributed in a vortex shape on the corresponding first substrate, second substrate, or third substrate to form a vortex electromagnetic wave from the incident electromagnetic wave, the bottom surface of the third substrate is provided with a second grating array, and the second grating array is used to perform polarization selection on the incident vortex electromagnetic wave. In the present application, fine adjustment of the phase of the electromagnetic wave can be achieved, and through the collaborative work between different units, the phase difference generated by the electromagnetic wave during the propagation process can be more accurately compensated, thereby improving the formation quality of the vortex electromagnetic wave.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a vortex wave metasurface antenna. Background Art

[0002] Vortex wave antennas are capable of generating and receiving electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). Their core characteristic lies in the spiral phase distribution of the wavefront. This property enables vortex waves to have multiple orthogonal modes. Theoretically, an infinite number of mutually non-interfering modes can be generated at any frequency, providing new degrees of freedom for communication systems. This makes vortex electromagnetic wave antennas promising in wireless communications and radar imaging and detection.

[0003] However, existing vortex wave antennas suffer from low vortex wave quality, insufficient mode purity, and poor electromagnetic wave control capabilities. They are unable to meet the diverse needs of complex scenarios such as autonomous driving and smart wearable devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main technical problem solved by this application is to provide a vortex wave metasurface antenna to solve the problems of low quality of generated vortex waves, insufficient mode purity, and poor control ability of electromagnetic waves.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, a technical solution adopted in the present application is to provide a vortex wave metasurface antenna, comprising a first substrate, a second substrate and a third substrate arranged in sequence, the top surface of the first substrate being provided with a first grating array, the first grating array being used to perform polarization selection on the incident electromagnetic wave, the bottom surface of the first substrate, the top surface of the second substrate, the bottom surface of the second substrate and the top surface of the third substrate being provided with a first phase array, the first phase array being used to compensate for the phase angle of the electromagnetic wave, the first phase array comprising a plurality of phase compensation units, the plurality of phase compensation units being distributed in a spiral shape on the corresponding first substrate, second substrate or third substrate so that the incident electromagnetic wave forms a vortex electromagnetic wave, the phase compensation unit comprising an inner ring patch and an outer ring patch, the outer ring patch being arranged on the outside of the inner ring patch, the inner ring patch comprising an arc-shaped first inner ring piece and a second inner ring piece, the outer ring patch comprising an arc-shaped first outer ring piece and a second outer ring piece, the bottom surface of the third substrate being provided with a second grating array, the second grating array being used to perform polarization selection on the incident vortex electromagnetic wave.

[0006] In some embodiments, the first phase array includes multiple types of phase compensation units, each type of the phase compensation unit has a corresponding phase angle, and the sum of the differences between the phase angles of adjacent phase compensation units is 360°.

[0007] In some embodiments, one type of phase compensation unit among the multiple types of phase compensation units has a phase angle of 0°, and the phase compensation unit of this type is located at the center point of the first substrate, the second substrate, and the third substrate.

[0008] In some embodiments, there are 12 types of phase compensation units in the first phase array, and the differences between the phase angles of adjacent phase compensation units are equal.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first inner ring piece and the second inner ring piece have the same size and shape, and the first inner ring piece and the second inner ring piece together form a circle with two inner ring openings; the first outer ring piece and the second outer ring piece have the same size and shape, and the first outer ring piece and the second outer ring piece together form a circle with two outer ring openings.

[0010] In some embodiments, in different types of phase compensation units, the size and shape of the inner ring patch are the same, and the corresponding center angles of the first outer ring piece and the second outer ring piece, or the arc lengths of the first outer ring piece and the second outer ring piece, are adjusted to adjust the phase angle of the phase compensation unit.

[0011] In some embodiments, the types of phase compensation units include 12, which are defined as a first phase compensation unit, a second phase compensation unit, a third phase compensation unit, a fourth phase compensation unit, a fifth phase compensation unit, a sixth phase compensation unit, a seventh phase compensation unit, an eighth phase compensation unit, a ninth phase compensation unit, a tenth phase compensation unit, an eleventh phase compensation unit and a twelfth phase compensation unit; the seventh phase compensation unit, the eighth phase compensation unit, the ninth phase compensation unit, the tenth phase compensation unit, the eleventh phase compensation unit and the twelfth phase compensation unit are obtained by rotating the first phase compensation unit, the second phase compensation unit, the third phase compensation unit, the fourth phase compensation unit, the fifth phase compensation unit and the sixth phase compensation unit by 90° respectively.

[0012] In some embodiments, the first grating array includes a plurality of grating patches arranged at intervals, the grating patches are in the shape of long strips, and the length of the grating patches is greater than half the length of the first substrate.

[0013] In some embodiments, the second grating array has the same structure as the first grating array, and the second grating array is perpendicular to the first grating array.

[0014] In some embodiments, the first substrate, the second substrate and / or the third substrate are all made of transparent materials, and the first phase array is made of transparent conductive material.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: In the present application, a multi-layer structure of a first substrate, a second substrate, and a third substrate arranged in sequence is adopted, which is conducive to the integrated design of the antenna, and the first grating array, the first phase array, and the second grating array are integrated in a limited space, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna. A first grating array is arranged on the top surface of the first substrate for polarization selection of the incident electromagnetic wave, and a second grating array is arranged on the bottom surface of the third substrate for polarization selection of the outgoing vortex electromagnetic wave. This head-to-tail layout of the grating array design can effectively control the polarization of the electromagnetic wave when it enters and leaves the antenna system, ensuring that only electromagnetic waves with a specific polarization direction can participate in the subsequent phase compensation and vortex wave formation process, thereby improving the antenna's ability to regulate the polarization characteristics of the electromagnetic wave and enhancing the antenna's selectivity and anti-interference ability.

[0016] The first phase array is distributed on the bottom surface of the first substrate, the top surface of the second substrate, the bottom surface of the second substrate and the top surface of the third substrate, making full use of the space of the multi-layer substrate and increasing the number and distribution range of the phase compensation units. This can compensate for the phase angle of the electromagnetic wave more comprehensively and accurately, which helps to form high-quality vortex electromagnetic waves. The first phase array includes multiple phase compensation units, and these units are distributed in a spiral shape on the corresponding first substrate, second substrate or third substrate. Multiple phase compensation units can achieve fine adjustment of the phase of the electromagnetic wave. Through the coordinated work between different units, the phase difference generated by the electromagnetic wave during the propagation process can be more accurately compensated, thereby improving the formation quality of the vortex electromagnetic wave. The spiral distribution of the phase compensation units can make the arrangement of the phase compensation units more consistent with the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, can guide the electromagnetic wave to pass through the phase array more smoothly, reduce the reflection and scattering loss of the electromagnetic wave during the propagation process, and improve the transmission efficiency of the antenna. This distribution method helps to form a more uniform and stable vortex electromagnetic wave field distribution, enhancing the radiation performance of the antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a structural diagram according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of an explosion structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure on the first substrate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure on the second substrate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure on the third substrate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 6is a structural diagram of a first phase compensation unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 7 is a structural diagram of a second phase compensation unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 8 is a structural diagram of a third phase compensation unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 9 is a structural diagram of a fourth phase compensation unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 10 is a structural diagram of a fifth phase compensation unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 11 is a structural diagram of a sixth phase compensation unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 12 12 is a phase simulation diagram of 12 types of phase compensation units according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of far-field 3D vortex wave gain according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the phase of a near-field 2D vortex wave according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 15 is a front view schematic diagram of a near-field 2D vortex wave effect according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure numbers: 1. First substrate, 11. First grating array, 111. Grating patch, 2. Second substrate, 3. Third substrate, 31. Second grating array, 4. First phase array, 41. Phase compensation unit, 411. Inner ring patch, 4111. First inner ring piece, 4112. Second inner ring piece, 4113. Inner ring opening, 412. Outer ring patch, 4121. First outer ring piece, 4122. Second outer ring piece, 4123. Outer ring opening, 100. First phase compensation unit, 200. Second phase compensation unit, 300. Third phase compensation unit, 400. Fourth phase compensation unit, 500. Fifth phase compensation unit, 600. Sixth phase compensation unit, 10. Horn antenna, 20. Antenna, 30. Vortex wave effect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being “fixed on” or “set on” another component, it can be directly on the other component or indirectly set on the other component; when a component is referred to as being “connected to” another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or indirectly connected to the other component.

[0035] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "vertical", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0036] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Thus, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" and "several" mean two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0037] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the conditions under which this application can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantive technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportional relationship or adjustment of size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this application without affecting the efficacy and purpose that can be achieved by this application.

[0038] For the description of this application, the non-limiting Figure 1 The coordinate axes shown in facilitate understanding of the embodiment and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0039] Figures 1-15An embodiment of the vortex wave metasurface antenna of the present application is shown, including a first substrate 1, a second substrate 2 and a third substrate 3 arranged in sequence, the top surface of the first substrate 1 is provided with a first grating array 11, the first grating array 11 is used to perform polarization selection on the incident electromagnetic wave, the bottom surface of the first substrate 1, the top surface of the second substrate 2, the bottom surface of the second substrate 2 and the top surface of the third substrate 3 are all provided with a first phase array 4, the first phase array 4 is used to compensate for the phase angle of the electromagnetic wave, the first phase array 4 includes a plurality of phase compensation units 41, and the plurality of phase compensation units 41 are distributed in a vortex shape on the corresponding first substrate 1, second substrate 2 or third substrate 3, so that the incident electromagnetic wave forms a vortex electromagnetic wave, and the bottom surface of the third substrate 3 is provided with a second grating array 31, the second grating array 31 is used to perform polarization selection on the incident vortex electromagnetic wave.

[0040] In the present application, a multilayer structure of a first substrate 1, a second substrate 2, and a third substrate 3 arranged in sequence is adopted, which is conducive to the integrated design of the antenna, and the first grating array 11, the first phase array 4, and the second grating array 31 are integrated in a limited space, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna. A first grating array 11 is arranged on the top surface of the first substrate 1 for polarization selection of the incident electromagnetic wave, and a second grating array 31 is arranged on the bottom surface of the third substrate 3 for polarization selection of the outgoing vortex electromagnetic wave. This head-to-tail layout of the grating array design can effectively control the polarization of the electromagnetic wave when it enters and leaves the antenna system, ensuring that only electromagnetic waves with a specific polarization direction can participate in the subsequent phase compensation and vortex wave formation process, thereby improving the antenna's ability to regulate the polarization characteristics of the electromagnetic wave and enhancing the antenna's selectivity and anti-interference ability.

[0041] The first phase array 4 is distributed on the bottom surface of the first substrate 1, the top surface of the second substrate 2, the bottom surface of the second substrate 2 and the top surface of the third substrate 3, making full use of the space of the multi-layer substrate and increasing the number and distribution range of the phase compensation units 41. In this way, the phase angle of the electromagnetic wave can be compensated more comprehensively and accurately, which helps to form high-quality vortex electromagnetic waves. The first phase array 4 includes multiple phase compensation units 41, and these units are distributed in a spiral shape on the corresponding first substrate 1, second substrate 2 or third substrate 3. Multiple phase compensation units 41 can achieve fine adjustment of the phase of the electromagnetic wave. Through the coordinated work between different units, the phase difference generated by the electromagnetic wave during the propagation process can be more accurately compensated, thereby improving the formation quality of the vortex electromagnetic wave. The spiral distribution of the phase compensation unit 41 can make the arrangement of the phase compensation unit 41 more consistent with the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, can guide the electromagnetic wave to pass through the phase array more smoothly, reduce the reflection and scattering loss of the electromagnetic wave during the propagation process, and improve the transmission efficiency of the antenna. This distribution method helps to form a more uniform and stable vortex electromagnetic wave field distribution and enhance the radiation performance of the antenna.

[0042] In some embodiments, the first substrate 1 , the second substrate 2 , and the third substrate 3 are square in shape, and have the same size, with a side length of 124 mm and a thickness of 1 mm.

[0043] In some embodiments, the first substrate 1, the second substrate 2, and / or the third substrate 3 can be made of a transparent material, such as organic glass, polystyrene, or polycarbonate. The first substrate 1, the second substrate 2, and the third substrate 3 are quartz glass substrates with a dielectric constant of 3.78 and a dielectric loss factor of tanδ of 0.0009.

[0044] The first substrate 1, the second substrate 2 and the third substrate 3 are all made of transparent materials, which effectively improves the purity of the vortex waves excited by the antenna in practical applications, which is conducive to the efficient transmission of data in communication transmission. It also improves the optical interaction and signal transmission consistency during the integration of multi-layer components, has low dielectric loss to adapt to efficient signal transmission in the microwave frequency band, and allows light to penetrate, which is conducive to seamless integration with optoelectronic devices such as sensors and display elements. In the K-band vortex wave system, transparent materials are ideal carrier platforms. On the one hand, it provides a stable support for the antenna, ensuring the accurate generation and control of vortex waves; the first phase array 4 precisely etched thereon can accurately shape the vortex wave phase profile. On the other hand, the optical transparency property enables new system functions, such as vertically stacking the antenna with optical imaging and sensing modules to build a compact device that integrates communication and perception functions, and realizes the integration of real-time environmental data acquisition and high-speed transmission in autonomous driving and smart wearable devices to meet the diverse needs of complex scenarios.

[0045] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 As shown, the first grating array 11 can effectively improve the polarization conversion efficiency in electromagnetic wave transmission. In some embodiments, the first grating array 11 includes a plurality of spaced grating patches 111, each of which is in the shape of a long strip. The first grating array 11 is used as a grating structure. When an incident electromagnetic wave passes through the first substrate 1, the first grating array 11 located on top of the first substrate 1 will perform polarization selection on the electromagnetic wave. If the input electromagnetic wave enters the first substrate 1 perpendicular to the xy axis (parallel to the z axis), the electromagnetic wave will be decomposed into an x-polarized wave and a y-polarized wave entering the first substrate 1. The first grating array 11 used as a grating structure will eliminate the y-polarized wave in the y-axis direction, leaving only the x-polarized wave in the x-axis direction for downward transmission, thereby achieving polarization selection and thus achieving the goal of polarization reconstruction.

[0046] In some embodiments, the length of the grating patch 111 is greater than half the length of the first substrate 1 .

[0047] In some embodiments, the length of the grating patch 111 is equal to the length of the first substrate 1 .

[0048] In some embodiments, there are 25 grating patches 111 on the first substrate 1 . The length of each grating patch 111 is 124 mm, the width is 0.1 mm, and the spacing between adjacent grating patches 111 is 0.7 mm.

[0049] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 As shown, the second grating array 31 has the same structure as the first grating array 11, and the second grating array 31 is perpendicular to the first grating array 11. The second grating array 31 also functions as a grating structure. Unlike the first grating array 11, the second grating array 31 selects the polarization of the vortex electromagnetic wave to further improve the transmission of x-polarized waves in the x-axis direction through the substrate, which facilitates the transmission of vortex waves generated when the vortex electromagnetic wave passes through the metasurface.

[0050] The first phase array 4 is primarily used to generate vortex waves when polarized electromagnetic waves enter the metasurface to compensate for sufficient phase space. In some embodiments, the thickness of the first phase array 4 is 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, and can be 0.1 mm.

[0051] In some embodiments, the first phase array 4 is made of a transparent conductive material, such as indium oxide, tin oxide, or a composite material of indium oxide and tin oxide. A composite material of indium oxide and tin oxide can be selected, as this material is an n-type semiconductor with high conductivity and high visible light transmittance.

[0052] In some embodiments, as Figure 4 As shown, the first phase array 4 includes multiple types of phase compensation units 41. Each type of phase compensation unit 41 has a corresponding phase angle, and the sum of the differences between the phase angles of adjacent phase compensation units 41 is 360°. This enables the first phase array 4 to cover a phase range of 0°-360°.

[0053] In some embodiments, one type of phase compensation unit 41 among the multiple types of phase compensation units 41 has a phase angle of 0°, and the phase compensation unit 41 of this type is located at the center point of the first substrate 1 , the second substrate 2 , and the third substrate 3 .

[0054] In some embodiments, the number of the phase compensation units 41 in the first phase array 4 can be 3, 4, 6, 10, 12, 16, etc.

[0055] In some embodiments, the phase angle differences between adjacent phase compensating units 41 may be equal or unequal. When the phase angle differences between adjacent phase compensating units 41 are unequal, for example, there may be four types of phase compensating units 41, with the first type of phase compensating unit 41 having a phase angle of 0°, the second type of phase compensating unit 41 having a phase angle of 60°, the third type of phase compensating unit 41 having a phase angle of 140°, and the fourth type of phase compensating unit 41 having a phase angle of 240°. The phase angle difference between the first type and the second type is 60°, the phase angle difference between the second type and the third type is 80°, the phase angle difference between the third type and the fourth type is 100°, and the phase angle difference between the fourth type and the first type is 120°. The sum of these differences is 360°.

[0056] In some embodiments, when the differences between the phase angles of adjacent phase compensating units 41 are equal, for example, there may be four types of phase compensating units 41, with the first type of phase compensating unit 41 having a phase angle of 0°, the second type of phase compensating unit 41 having a phase angle of 90°, the third type of phase compensating unit 41 having a phase angle of 180°, and the fourth type of phase compensating unit 41 having a phase angle of 270°. In this case, the differences between the phase angles of adjacent phase compensating units 41 are all 90°, and the sum of these differences is 360°.

[0057] In some embodiments, as Figures 6-11 As shown, there are 12 types of phase compensating units 41 in the first phased array 4, and the differences between the phase angles of adjacent phase compensating units 41 are equal. The phase angles corresponding to the 12 types of phase compensating units 41 are 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, 180°, 210°, 240°, 270°, 300°, and 330°, respectively. The difference between the phase angles of adjacent phase compensating units 41 is always 30°, and the sum of these differences is 360°.

[0058] In some embodiments, 12 types of phase compensation units 41 form a 31×31 phase array. When an incident electromagnetic wave passes through, the electromagnetic wave compensates the corresponding phase angle of the vortex wave to be generated at the corresponding position of the phase compensation unit 41.

[0059] In some embodiments, as Figures 6-11 As shown, the phase compensation unit 41 includes an inner ring patch 411 and an outer ring patch 412, and the outer ring patch 412 is arranged outside the inner ring patch 411. The radius of the inner ring patch 411 is 0.5mm-2mm, and the radius of the outer ring patch 412 is 1mm-3mm.

[0060] In some embodiments, as Figures 6-11 As shown, the inner ring patch 411 includes an arc-shaped first inner ring piece 4111 and a second inner ring piece 4112. The first inner ring piece 4111 and the second inner ring piece 4112 have the same size and shape. The first inner ring piece 4111 and the second inner ring piece 4112 enclose a circle with two inner ring openings 4113.

[0061] In some embodiments, the outer ring patch 412 includes an arc-shaped first outer ring piece 4121 and a second outer ring piece 4122. The first outer ring piece 4121 and the second outer ring piece 4122 have the same size and shape. The first outer ring piece 4121 and the second outer ring piece 4122 enclose a circle with two outer ring openings 4123.

[0062] In some embodiments, the size and shape of the inner ring patch 411 are the same in different types of phase compensation units 41. The phase angle of the phase compensation unit 41 can be adjusted by changing the corresponding center angle of the first outer ring patch 4121 and the second outer ring patch 4122 or the arc length of the first outer ring patch 4121 and the second outer ring patch 4122.

[0063] In some embodiments, Figures 6-11 Six of the twelve types of phase compensating units 41 are shown. These can be defined as a first phase compensating unit 100, a second phase compensating unit 200, a third phase compensating unit 300, a fourth phase compensating unit 400, a fifth phase compensating unit 500, and a sixth phase compensating unit 600. The remaining six types of phase compensating units 41 can be defined as a seventh phase compensating unit, an eighth phase compensating unit, a ninth phase compensating unit, a tenth phase compensating unit, an eleventh phase compensating unit, and a twelfth phase compensating unit.

[0064] In some embodiments, the central angles corresponding to the first phase compensation unit 100, the second phase compensation unit 200, the third phase compensation unit 300, the fourth phase compensation unit 400, the fifth phase compensation unit 500, and the sixth phase compensation unit 600 can be defined as a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, and a6, respectively. Figures 6-11 It can be seen that a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, and a6 increase in sequence, and the phase angle difference corresponding to these center angles is 30°. However, the center angle difference is not 30°, but varies depending on the phase, with the center angle difference ranging from 5° to 30°. Different center angles can be set according to the phase to achieve a phase angle difference of 30°. The arc length is proportional to the center angle, and the arc length can also be adjusted to achieve a phase angle difference of 30° in the phase compensation unit 41.

[0065] In some embodiments, the first phase compensating unit 100, the second phase compensating unit 200, the third phase compensating unit 300, the fourth phase compensating unit 400, the fifth phase compensating unit 500, and the sixth phase compensating unit 600 cover corresponding phase angles of 150°, 120°, 90°, 60°, 30°, and 0°, respectively. The sixth phase compensating unit 600 is located at the center point of the first substrate 1, the second substrate 2, and the third substrate 3.

[0066] In some embodiments, the seventh phase compensating unit, the eighth phase compensating unit, the ninth phase compensating unit, the tenth phase compensating unit, the eleventh phase compensating unit, and the twelfth phase compensating unit (not shown) are obtained by rotating the first phase compensating unit 100, the second phase compensating unit 200, the third phase compensating unit 300, the fourth phase compensating unit 400, the fifth phase compensating unit 500, and the sixth phase compensating unit 600 by 90°, respectively. For example, the seventh phase compensating unit is obtained by rotating the first phase compensating unit 100 by 90°, and the first phase compensating unit 100 and the seventh phase compensating unit are perpendicular to each other.

[0067] In some embodiments, the phase angles corresponding to the seventh phase compensation unit, the eighth phase compensation unit, the ninth phase compensation unit, the tenth phase compensation unit, the eleventh phase compensation unit and the twelfth phase compensation unit are 330°, 300°, 270°, 240°, 210° and 180°, respectively.

[0068] Figure 12 1 is a phase simulation diagram of 12 types of phase compensation units according to an embodiment of the present application; 1 to 12 in the figure correspond to the first to twelfth phase compensation units, respectively. Figure 12 It is explained that the phases generated by the 12 phase compensation units designed in this application can just cover 0-360°, and the phase intervals between each phase compensation unit are basically consistent, with a difference of about 30°, which is conducive to the formation of vortex waves on the metasurface.

[0069] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of far-field 3D vortex wave gain according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 13 It is illustrated that the antenna 20 of the present application can generate an obvious vortex wave effect 30 at 21 GHz under the premise that a horn antenna 10 provides good radiation of electromagnetic waves. The maximum gain at this frequency point reaches 14 dB, which shows that the present application has good vortex wave performance.

[0070] Figure 14 and Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the phase of a near-field 2D vortex wave according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 14 and Figure 15 is the near-field 2D vortex wave phase diagram at 21 GHz, Figure 14 and Figure 15 It is shown that the present application can generate an obvious second-order vortex wave phase at 21 GHz.

[0071] It can be seen that the present application discloses a vortex wave metasurface antenna. In the present application, a multilayer structure of a first substrate, a second substrate and a third substrate arranged in sequence is adopted, which is conducive to the integrated design of the antenna, and the first grating array, the first phase array and the second grating array are integrated in a limited space, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna. A first grating array is arranged on the top surface of the first substrate for polarization selection of the incident electromagnetic wave, and a second grating array is arranged on the bottom surface of the third substrate for polarization selection of the outgoing vortex electromagnetic wave. This grating array design with a head-to-tail layout can effectively control the polarization of electromagnetic waves when entering and leaving the antenna system, ensuring that only electromagnetic waves with a specific polarization direction can participate in the subsequent phase compensation and vortex wave formation process, thereby improving the antenna's ability to regulate the polarization characteristics of electromagnetic waves and enhancing the antenna's selectivity and anti-interference ability.

[0072] The first phase array is distributed on the bottom surface of the first substrate, the top surface of the second substrate, the bottom surface of the second substrate and the top surface of the third substrate, making full use of the space of the multi-layer substrate and increasing the number and distribution range of the phase compensation units. This can compensate for the phase angle of the electromagnetic wave more comprehensively and accurately, which helps to form high-quality vortex electromagnetic waves. The first phase array includes multiple phase compensation units, and these units are distributed in a spiral shape on the corresponding first substrate, second substrate or third substrate. Multiple phase compensation units can achieve fine adjustment of the phase of the electromagnetic wave. Through the coordinated work between different units, the phase difference generated by the electromagnetic wave during the propagation process can be more accurately compensated, thereby improving the formation quality of the vortex electromagnetic wave. The spiral distribution of the phase compensation units can make the arrangement of the phase compensation units more consistent with the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, can guide the electromagnetic wave to pass through the phase array more smoothly, reduce the reflection and scattering loss of the electromagnetic wave during the propagation process, and improve the transmission efficiency of the antenna. This distribution method helps to form a more uniform and stable vortex electromagnetic wave field distribution, enhancing the radiation performance of the antenna.

[0073] The above are merely embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the scope of patent protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A vortex wave metasurface antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and a third substrate arranged in sequence, wherein a first grating array is provided on the top surface of the first substrate, and the first grating array is used to perform polarization selection on the incident electromagnetic wave, and a first phase array is provided on the bottom surface of the first substrate, the top surface of the second substrate, the bottom surface of the second substrate and the top surface of the third substrate, and the first phase array is used to compensate for the phase angle of the electromagnetic wave, and the first phase array comprises a plurality of phase compensation units, and the plurality of phase compensation units are distributed in a vortex shape on the corresponding first substrate, second substrate or third substrate so that the incident electromagnetic wave forms a vortex electromagnetic wave, and the phase compensation unit comprises an inner ring patch and an outer ring patch, and the outer ring patch is arranged on the outside of the inner ring patch, and the inner ring patch comprises a first inner ring piece and a second inner ring piece in an arc shape, and the outer ring patch comprises a first outer ring piece and a second outer ring piece in an arc shape; the bottom surface of the third substrate is provided with a second grating array, and the second grating array is used to perform polarization selection on the incident vortex electromagnetic wave; The first substrate, the second substrate and / or the third substrate are all made of transparent materials, and the first phase array is made of transparent conductive material; The thickness of the first phase array is 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm.

2. The vortex wave metasurface antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first phase array includes multiple types of phase compensation units, each type of the phase compensation unit has a corresponding phase angle, and the sum of the differences between the phase angles of adjacent phase compensation units is 360°.

3. The vortex wave metasurface antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: Among the multiple types of phase compensation units, one type of phase compensation unit has a phase angle of 0°, and the phase compensation unit of this type is located at a center point of the first substrate, the second substrate, and the third substrate.

4. The vortex wave metasurface antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are 12 types of phase compensation units in the first phase array, and the differences between the phase angles of adjacent phase compensation units are equal.

5. The vortex wave metasurface antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first inner ring piece and the second inner ring piece have the same size and shape, and the first inner ring piece and the second inner ring piece together form a circle with two inner ring openings; the first outer ring piece and the second outer ring piece have the same size and shape, and the first outer ring piece and the second outer ring piece together form a circle with two outer ring openings.

6. The vortex wave metasurface antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: In different types of phase compensation units, the size and shape of the inner ring patch are the same, and the corresponding center angles of the first outer ring piece and the second outer ring piece, or the arc lengths of the first outer ring piece and the second outer ring piece, are adjusted to adjust the phase angle of the phase compensation unit.

7. The vortex wave metasurface antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase compensation unit includes 12 types, which are defined as a first phase compensation unit, a second phase compensation unit, a third phase compensation unit, a fourth phase compensation unit, a fifth phase compensation unit, a sixth phase compensation unit, a seventh phase compensation unit, an eighth phase compensation unit, a ninth phase compensation unit, a tenth phase compensation unit, an eleventh phase compensation unit and a twelfth phase compensation unit; The seventh phase compensating unit, the eighth phase compensating unit, the ninth phase compensating unit, the tenth phase compensating unit, the eleventh phase compensating unit and the twelfth phase compensating unit are respectively obtained by rotating the first phase compensating unit, the second phase compensating unit, the third phase compensating unit, the fourth phase compensating unit, the fifth phase compensating unit and the sixth phase compensating unit by 90°.

8. The vortex wave metasurface antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first grating array includes a plurality of grating patches arranged at intervals. The grating patches are in the shape of long strips, and the length of the grating patches is greater than half the length of the first substrate.

9. The vortex wave metasurface antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second grating array has the same structure as the first grating array, and the second grating array is perpendicular to the first grating array.

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