Method for preparing electrode by using femtosecond laser to process nanoparticles on polymer skeleton or surface

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of material synthesis, and particularly relates to a method for preparing an electrode by processing nanoparticles on a polymer skeleton or a surface by using femtosecond laser, which is used for solving one of the problems that a catalyst used by a fuel cell membrane electrode is low in utilization rate and a preparation method is complicated. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a precursor solution; a substrate material is fixedly arranged at the bottom of a liquid container, and the precursor solution is added into the liquid container; irradiating the interface of the substrate material and the precursor solution with femtosecond laser to obtain a substrate material loaded with metal particles; wherein the precursor solution contains metal acid radical ions; the substrate material is a high polymer material; according to the femtosecond laser parameters, the wavelength is 800 nm or 1030 nm, the laser power ranges from 100 mW to 500 mW, the machining scanning speed ranges from 50 micrometers / s to 500 micrometers / s, and the machining time ranges from 5 min to 30 min; the substrate material loaded with the metal particles is an electrode material with catalytic activity. The preparation method is simple, and the uniformity and strength of the loaded metal particles are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of material synthesis, and in particular to a method for processing nanoparticles on a polymer skeleton or surface using a femtosecond laser for preparing an electrode. Background Art

[0002] As global demand for clean energy continues to grow, hydrogen energy, as an efficient and clean energy carrier, has garnered widespread attention. As a key component of new energy vehicles, hydrogen vehicles face significant challenges in terms of fuel cell performance and cost. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA), a core component of fuel cells, primarily relies on platinum group metal catalysts for its cost, which account for approximately 50% of the MEA's overall cost. Therefore, reducing precious metal loading or employing non-precious metal catalysts, while simultaneously improving the mechanical properties of MEA catalysts, has become a key research focus.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for preparing MEAs in the laboratory include spray coating and transfer printing. During the spray coating process, catalyst loss can reach approximately 50%, resulting in waste of resources and increased costs. Transfer printing also suffers from catalyst loss that varies depending on the substrate. Furthermore, both methods are complex to operate and have high requirements for the environment and equipment.

[0004] Therefore, a new method for preparing MEA is needed to simplify the preparation process and improve catalyst utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above analysis, the embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a method for processing nanoparticles on a polymer skeleton or surface using a femtosecond laser for preparing electrodes, so as to solve one of the problems of low catalyst utilization and complex manufacturing methods used in fuel cell membrane electrodes.

[0006] In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for processing nanoparticles on a polymer skeleton or surface using a femtosecond laser for preparing an electrode, comprising:

[0007] S1: prepare precursor solution;

[0008] S2: Fixing the substrate material at the bottom of the liquid container and adding the precursor solution into the liquid container;

[0009] S3: Using femtosecond laser to irradiate the interface between the substrate material and the precursor solution to obtain a substrate material loaded with metal particles;

[0010] Wherein, the precursor solution contains metal acid ions;

[0011] The base material is a polymer material;

[0012] Femtosecond laser parameters are: wavelength of 800nm or 1030nm, laser power of 100-500mW, processing scan speed of 50-500μm / s, and processing time of 5-30min;

[0013] The base material loaded with metal particles is an electrode material with catalytic activity.

[0014] Furthermore, in S1, the metal element in the metal acid ion is selected from platinum (Pt), gold (Au), ruthenium (Ru), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) and alloys thereof; preferably, the metal element is Pt.

[0015] Furthermore, the precursor solution is an aqueous solution of chloroplatinic acid with a concentration of 0.01-5M.

[0016] Further, the substrate material is selected from proton exchange membrane (such as ), carbon paper, carbon fiber cloth, polymer film (such as PI, PET) and metal-organic framework (MOFs) composite substrate; preferably, the substrate material is DuPont Nafion115 and 117 proton exchange membrane, Fumasep fkb-pk-130 cation exchange membrane, SEN-G115 proton exchange membrane, the carbon fiber paper is HCP010N hydrophilic carbon paper, SGL2AA carbon paper, Japan Toray 060 relatively hydrophilic carbon paper, and the carbon cloth is W0S1011 relatively hydrophilic carbon paper.

[0017] Furthermore, the laser wavelength is 800 nm.

[0018] Furthermore, in S3, a femtosecond laser with a wavelength of 800nm is spatially shaped and focused on the surface of the substrate material through a cylindrical mirror. The movement path of the sample is controlled by a translation stage for processing, and the shuttle simultaneously controls the processing time.

[0019] Furthermore, the base material is 1*1cm 2 The concentration of the precursor solution is 0.01 to 5 M. In S2, the volume of the precursor solution is 1 to 5 mL.

[0020] Furthermore, a cylindrical mirror is used to spatially shape the femtosecond laser, shaping the laser into a line and focusing it on the surface of the polymer substrate in the precursor.

[0021] In one aspect, the present invention further provides an integrated electrode for catalytic water electrolysis and hydrogen evolution reaction, comprising a substrate material obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method, wherein the substrate material is clamped on a platinum electrode clamp;

[0022] The base material obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method is rinsed with ultrapure water and then clamped on a platinum electrode clamp.

[0023] On the one hand, the present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned integrated electrode for catalytic water electrolysis and hydrogen evolution reaction in catalytic water electrolysis and hydrogen evolution.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The present invention utilizes femtosecond laser technology to load nanoparticles on polymer materials. The preparation method is simple, improves the uniformity and strength of the loaded metal particles, can reduce the catalyst loading to achieve efficient catalytic effect, and improves the utilization efficiency of the catalyst.

[0026] Compared to traditional methods for preparing hydrogen evolution electrodes for water electrolysis, this invention utilizes femtosecond laser liquid-phase ablation technology, resulting in a relatively simple process. The structure and metal loading are completed in a single step, eliminating the need for complex equipment and cumbersome process flows. Furthermore, the entire preparation process uses relatively few chemical reagents, and ultrapure water is used as the solvent, making it environmentally friendly and in line with the development of green chemistry.

[0027] By inducing the in-situ generation of Pt nanoparticles through femtosecond laser, the utilization rate of precious metals is improved and the production cost is reduced; in addition, the metal nanoparticles are bonded to the substrate through chemical bonds, and the mechanical strength is higher than that of traditional sprayed electrodes, which improves the bonding strength.

[0028] The method of the present invention is not only applicable to the preparation of electrodes containing Pt nanoparticles using chloroplatinic acid as a precursor salt, but can also use precursor salts of other elements between the third subgroup and the fourth main group in the periodic table. By adjusting the experimental parameters, integrated electrodes with different properties can be prepared to meet the application requirements of different fields. For example, carbon fiber electrodes have shown excellent application potential in fields such as water electrolysis.

[0029] Electrodes fabricated by processing nanoparticles onto polymer backbones or surfaces using femtosecond lasers have high grafting density and high electroaffinity, significantly reducing catalyst loading while enhancing the electrode's mechanical strength and catalytic activity. In the hydrogen evolution reaction (HERE) produced by water electrolysis, these nanoparticles exhibit low H evolution overpotentials and high current densities, demonstrating promising application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be considered limiting of the present invention. Like reference symbols denote like parts throughout the drawings.

[0031] Figure 1 This is the SEM of the membrane electrode obtained in the example of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 The LSV curve of the acidic HER of the membrane electrode obtained in the example of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3The LSV curve of HER of the carbon paper electrode obtained in the example of the present invention in acid-alkaline electrolyte;

[0034] Figure 4 The LSV curves of the HER of the carbon paper obtained in the present invention example and commercial PtC in acidic electrolyte are compared. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0036] As a core component of MEAs, the proton exchange membrane (PEM) processing technology is crucial to MEA performance. Currently, the main methods for preparing MEAs in the laboratory include spray coating and transfer printing. The spray coating method suffers catalyst loss of up to 50% during the preparation process, resulting in wasteful resources and increased costs. The transfer printing method also suffers from catalyst loss that varies depending on the substrate. Furthermore, both methods are complex to operate and have high requirements for the environment and equipment.

[0037] The pulse duration of femtosecond laser is extremely short, only at the femtosecond level (10 -15 Seconds), meaning it releases energy very quickly and achieves extremely high peak power. This property is often used in precision machining, such as micro-hole machining, cutting, and surface structuring, as it reduces the heat-affected zone and avoids thermal damage to surrounding materials. Polymers are generally non-conductive and their surfaces can be relatively inert, making them less susceptible to direct bonding with metals. Therefore, femtosecond lasers are generally not considered for polymer surface treatment to facilitate metal particle loading.

[0038] However, to address the low catalyst utilization and complex manufacturing methods used in fuel cell membrane electrodes, this paper pioneered a method for fabricating electrodes using a femtosecond laser to process nanoparticles onto polymer skeletons or surfaces. This method significantly reduces catalyst loading and improves the mechanical strength of the MEA. Furthermore, this method is also suitable for preparing self-supporting electrodes, such as carbon fiber electrodes, and exhibits excellent application potential in fields such as water electrolysis.

[0039] Specifically, the method includes:

[0040] S1: prepare precursor solution;

[0041] S2: Fixing the substrate material at the bottom of the liquid container and adding the precursor solution into the liquid container;

[0042] S3: Using femtosecond laser to irradiate the interface between the substrate material and the precursor solution to obtain a substrate material loaded with metal particles;

[0043] Wherein, the precursor solution contains metal acid ions;

[0044] The base material is a polymer material;

[0045] The femtosecond laser parameters are: wavelength of 800nm or 1030nm, laser power of 100-500mW, processing scan speed of 50-500μm / s, and processing time of 5-30min;

[0046] The base material loaded with metal particles is an electrode material with catalytic activity.

[0047] Specifically, in step S1, the metal element in the metal acid ion includes but is not limited to elements between the third subgroup and the fourth main group in the periodic table. Exemplarily, the metal element is selected from platinum (Pt), gold (Au), ruthenium (Ru), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) and their alloys; preferably, the metal element is Pt.

[0048] In one possible embodiment, the precursor solution is an aqueous solution of chloroplatinic acid.

[0049] Furthermore, the concentration of the chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution is 0.01-5M.

[0050] In one possible embodiment, 0.1-5 wt % of a surfactant (such as PVP) is added to the aqueous solution of chloroplatinic acid to inhibit particle agglomeration and improve dispersibility.

[0051] Specifically, in step S2, the substrate material is selected from a proton exchange membrane (such as ), carbon paper, carbon fiber cloth, polymer film (such as PI, PET) and metal-organic framework (MOFs) composite substrate; exemplary, the substrate material is DuPont Nafion 115 and 117 proton exchange membrane, Fumasep FKB-PK-130 cation exchange membrane, SEN-G115 proton exchange membrane, the carbon fiber paper is HCP010N hydrophilic carbon paper, SGL2AA carbon paper, Japan Toray 060 relatively hydrophilic carbon paper, and the carbon cloth is W0S1011 relatively hydrophilic carbon paper. Exemplary, proton exchange membrane or carbon paper.

[0052] The precursor solution preferably covers the surface of the substrate material. For example, the height of the precursor solution covering the substrate material is 2-5 mm.

[0053] In one possible embodiment, the substrate material is a proton exchange membrane, and the area of the proton exchange membrane is 1-10 cm 2 The volume of the chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution is 1-5 mL.

[0054] Specifically, in step S3, the processed base material is taken out, rinsed with water for multiple times, and dried to obtain an electrode material loaded with Pt particles.

[0055] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention uses femtosecond laser technology to load nanoparticles on polymer materials. The preparation method is simple, the uniformity and strength of the loaded metal particles are improved, the catalyst loading can be reduced to achieve efficient catalytic effect, and the utilization efficiency of the catalyst is improved.

[0056] Compared to traditional methods for preparing hydrogen evolution electrodes for water electrolysis, this invention utilizes femtosecond laser liquid-phase ablation technology, resulting in a relatively simple process. The structure and metal loading are completed in a single step, eliminating the need for complex equipment and cumbersome process flows. Furthermore, the entire preparation process uses relatively few chemical reagents, and ultrapure water is used as the solvent, making it environmentally friendly and in line with the development of green chemistry.

[0057] By inducing the in-situ generation of Pt nanoparticles through femtosecond laser, the utilization rate of precious metals is improved and the production cost is reduced; in addition, the metal nanoparticles are bonded to the substrate through chemical bonds, and the mechanical strength is higher than that of traditional sprayed electrodes, which improves the bonding strength.

[0058] High-speed continuous production can be achieved through multi-beam parallel processing.

[0059] The method of the present invention is not only applicable to the preparation of electrodes containing Pt nanoparticles using chloroplatinic acid as a precursor salt, but can also use precursor salts of other elements between the third subgroup and the fourth main group in the periodic table. By adjusting the experimental parameters, integrated electrodes with different properties can be prepared to meet the application requirements of different fields. For example, carbon fiber electrodes have shown excellent application potential in fields such as water electrolysis.

[0060] Electrodes fabricated by processing nanoparticles onto polymer backbones or surfaces using femtosecond lasers have high grafting density and high electroaffinity, significantly reducing catalyst loading while enhancing the electrode's mechanical strength and catalytic activity. In the hydrogen evolution reaction (HERE) produced by water electrolysis, these nanoparticles exhibit low H evolution overpotentials and high current densities, demonstrating promising application prospects.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] A method for preparing an electrode by processing nanoparticles on a polymer skeleton or surface using a femtosecond laser, comprising:

[0063] S1: Prepare a 0.1M chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution and add 0.5wt% PVP to the chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution;

[0064] S2: Cut 1cm 2The DuPont Nafion 117 proton exchange membrane was fixed on the bottom of the culture dish, and 4 mL of chloroplatinic acid solution was added to the culture dish to immerse the proton exchange membrane;

[0065] S3: Select an 800nm wavelength laser for processing, adjust the femtosecond laser power to 200mW, the pulse frequency to 1kHz, use a cylindrical mirror to spatially shape the femtosecond laser, shape the laser into a line and focus it on the surface of the proton exchange membrane immersed in chloroplatinic acid solution, adjust the translation stage scanning speed to 50μm / s, and process for 7min;

[0066] The processed proton exchange membrane is taken out, and the processed electrode is rinsed with ultrapure water, dried, and subjected to conductive treatment (such as spraying a carbon layer, chemical plating), to obtain a membrane electrode loaded with Pt nanoparticles.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] The difference from Example 1 is that the substrate material is 060 relatively hydrophilic carbon paper, and the integrated electrode containing Pt nanoparticles is prepared by femtosecond laser processing.

[0069] In S3, the processed carbon paper is taken out, the processed electrode is rinsed with ultrapure water, and dried to obtain an integrated electrode loaded with Pt nanoparticles.

[0070] Example 3: Preparation of multi-metal alloy electrodes

[0071] S1: Prepare a mixed solution of 0.05 M chloroplatinic acid and 0.05 M ruthenium chloride;

[0072] S2: The carbon fiber cloth was immersed in the solution and processed with a 1030 nm femtosecond laser (power 500 mW, scan speed 200 μm / s, pulse frequency 1 kHz) for 15 min;

[0073] S3: Obtain a carbon fiber cloth electrode containing Pt / Ru alloy nanoparticles (average particle size 25 nm).

[0074] Example 4

[0075] The membrane electrode prepared in Example 1 and the integrated electrode prepared in Example 2 are used as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution in water electrolysis.

[0076] Specifically, the prepared electrode was used as the working electrode to test the hydrogen evolution performance in a three-electrode system (counter electrode: platinum sheet or carbon rod; reference electrode: Hg / HgO, Hg / Hg2SO4 or Ag / AgCl; electrolyte: 0.5M H2SO4, 1M KOH or PBS solution), with a linear scanning voltage range of -1 to 1.5V.

[0077] Specifically, a nanoparticle-loaded catalyst substrate (e.g., membrane electrode) cleaned after laser processing was clamped onto a platinum electrode holder as the working electrode for a three-electrode test of hydrogen evolution by water electrolysis. The counter electrode was a carbon rod, and the reference electrode was selected from Hg / HgO, Hg / Hg2SO4, or Ag / AgCl reference electrodes. The electrolytic aqueous solution was selected from 0.5M H2SO4, 1M KOH, or PBS solutions. The CV run range was selected from -1 to 1.5V, and the linear sweep test voltage range was selected from -1 to 1.5V.

[0078] Test Method and Scope: The electrodes were tested using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The CV processing range was -1 to 1.5 V, and the linear sweep test voltage range was -1 to 1.5 V. During the test process, test conditions such as temperature and stirring speed were strictly controlled to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the test data. By analyzing the CV and LSV curves, important parameters such as the electrode's redox peak potential, peak current, onset hydrogen evolution potential, and hydrogen evolution overpotential can be obtained to evaluate the electrode's catalytic activity and stability.

[0079] Specifically, the electrochemical test was carried out in a three-electrode electrolytic cell under normal temperature and pressure conditions, the counter electrode was a platinum sheet, the counter electrode was a carbon rod, the reference electrode was Hg / Hg2SO4, the working electrode was the carbon paper electrode prepared in this example, the electrochemical workstation was Shanghai Chenhua CHI760F, and the electrolytic aqueous solution was 0.5M H2SO4.

[0080] The actual test results are shown in the attached figure, where: Figure 1 The SEM images of the membrane electrode obtained by the example of the present invention are as follows: Figures (a) to (d) are SEM images of four blank membranes that have not been laser processed, corresponding to the SEM images of Nafion 115, SEG-115, FKB-PK-130, and Nafion 117 proton exchange membranes, respectively. Figures (e) to (h) correspond to the SEM images of the above four membranes after laser processing in the precursor solution. Comparison between Figures (a) to (d) and (e) to (h) shows that the laser processing did not damage the membrane surface, which is consistent with the expectation of processing nanoparticles without damaging the membrane surface. However, due to the small size of Pt nanoparticles, the specific nanoparticles cannot be seen on the SEM scale. The ICP analysis of the membrane after processing and testing showed that the Pt content was 1.3 to 6.6 μg / cm 2 It can be seen that the processing method of the present invention can process and load nanoparticles on the surface of the polymer material-membrane without causing damage to the membrane surface.

[0081] Figure 2The LSV curves of the acidic HER of the membrane electrode obtained by the example of the present invention are as follows: Figures (a) to (d) are respectively FKB-PK-130, SEG-115, Nafion 115 and 117 proton exchange membranes, which were laser processed in 0.01M, 0.1M and 1M H2PtCl6 solutions, and then the curves obtained by testing the HER reaction in 0.5M H2SO4. The curve shows that as the concentration of the precursor solution increases during the processing, the current gradually increases at the same test potential, indicating that as the concentration of the precursor solution increases, the amount of Pt loaded on the membrane after laser processing increases. Through this curve, we can intuitively understand the relationship between the current density and potential when the membrane electrode is subjected to the electrolysis of water and hydrogen evolution reaction in an acidic electrolyte. The general trend is that the higher the concentration, the higher the Pt loading and the better the performance. It can be seen that the processing method of the present invention can allow nanoparticles to be loaded on a polymer substrate, and the precursor concentration and the Pt loading on the membrane are proportional during processing.

[0082] Figure 3 Figure (a) shows the LSV curve of HER of the carbon paper electrode obtained in the present invention in an acidic alkaline electrolyte. The blank carbon paper and the carbon paper processed by laser in 1M, 3M, and 5M H2PtCl6 solutions were tested for the acidic HER reaction. The curve shows that the performance is best when the concentration of H2PtCl6 solution is 3M. The overpotential required for the reaction is 85mV. The ICP test shows that the Pt loading is 17μg / cm 2 Figure (b) shows the LSV curve of HER of TGP carbon paper in neutral electrolyte. The performance is still better when the H2PtCl6 solution concentration is 3M. Figure (c) shows the LSV curve of HER of TGP carbon paper in alkaline electrolyte. The performance is better when the H2PtCl6 solution concentration is 1M. There is no linear relationship between the H2PtCl6 concentration and the performance of HER. The reason may be that the H2PtCl6 concentration is too high, which may cause the catalyst to agglomerate, resulting in a reduction in exposed active sites. In summary, the curve shows the difference in hydrogen evolution performance of carbon paper electrodes in acidic and alkaline electrolytes. In different electrolytes, the parameters such as the initial hydrogen evolution potential, hydrogen evolution overpotential and current density of the carbon paper electrode are different, reflecting the influence of the electrolyte on the catalytic performance of the electrode, and providing a basis for selecting a suitable electrolyte.

[0083] Figure 4The LSV curves of the carbon paper obtained in the present invention and commercial PtC in the acidic electrolyte are compared: the solid line is the LSV curve of the carbon powder solution prepared with 0.01M and 20% chloroplatinic acid by laser processing in the acidic electrolyte, which proves that after the experimental process is optimized, the processing performance can be improved at low concentrations, close to the level of commercial PtC, which can prove the feasibility of this method. This curve can intuitively understand the hydrogen evolution performance of the carbon paper electrode in the acidic electrolyte, as well as the LSV curve of the carbon paper electrode at a current density of 10mA / cm 2 The corresponding overpotential is 75 mV, and the feasibility of this method is demonstrated by comparison with commercial PtC.

[0084] The present invention demonstrates the use of femtosecond lasers to process nanoparticles on polymer skeletons or surfaces for the preparation of electrodes. The types of nanoparticles that can be synthesized include, but are not limited to, platinum (Pt), gold (Au), ruthenium (Ru), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) and their alloys. Polymer substrates with specific functions include, but are not limited to, proton exchange membranes, carbon paper, etc. The present invention develops a new method for preparing electrodes and verifies the versatility of this method. Processing in a precursor solution or dripping the precursor solution onto a substrate and then drying it and processing it with a femtosecond laser can both result in a better loading of the catalyst on the substrate. The electrocatalytic test results demonstrate the feasibility of this method.

[0085] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with this technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for processing nanoparticles on a polymer skeleton or surface using a femtosecond laser for preparing an electrode, characterized in that: Including steps: S1: prepare precursor solution; S2: Fixing the substrate material at the bottom of the liquid container and adding the precursor solution into the liquid container; S3: Using femtosecond laser to irradiate the interface between the substrate material and the precursor solution to obtain a substrate material loaded with metal particles; Wherein, the precursor solution contains metal acid ions; The base material is a polymer material; The femtosecond laser parameters are: wavelength of 800nm or 1030nm, laser power of 100-500mW, processing scan speed of 50-500μm / s, and processing time of 5-30min; The base material loaded with metal particles is an electrode material with catalytic activity.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In S1, the metal element in the metal acid ion is selected from platinum (Pt), gold (Au), ruthenium (Ru), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) and alloys thereof; preferably, the metal element is Pt.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The precursor solution is an aqueous solution of chloroplatinic acid with a concentration of 0.01-5M.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The substrate material is selected from proton exchange membranes (such as ), carbon paper, carbon fiber cloth, polymer film (such as PI, PET) and metal-organic framework (MOFs) composite substrate; preferably, the substrate material is DuPont Nafion115 and 117 proton exchange membrane, Fumasep fkb-pk-130 cation exchange membrane, SEN-G115 proton exchange membrane, the carbon fiber paper is HCP010N hydrophilic carbon paper, SGL2AA carbon paper, Japan Toray 060 relatively hydrophilic carbon paper, and the carbon cloth is W0S1011 relatively hydrophilic carbon paper.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The laser wavelength is 800nm.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that In the S3, a femtosecond laser with a wavelength of 800 nm is spatially shaped and focused on the surface of the substrate material by a cylindrical mirror, and the movement path of the sample is controlled by a translation stage for processing, and the shuttle simultaneously controls the processing time.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The base material is 1*1cm 2 The concentration of the precursor solution is 0.01 to 5 M. In S2, the volume of the precursor solution is 1 to 5 mL.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that A cylindrical mirror is used to spatially shape the femtosecond laser, shaping the laser into a line and focusing it on the surface of the polymer substrate in the precursor.

9. An integrated electrode for catalytic water electrolysis and hydrogen evolution reaction, characterized by: The base material comprises a substrate material obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the base material is clamped on a platinum electrode clamp; The base material obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is rinsed with ultrapure water and then clamped on a platinum electrode clamp.

10. Use of the integrated electrode for catalytic water electrolysis and hydrogen evolution reaction according to claim 9 in catalytic water electrolysis and hydrogen evolution.

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