Planting management method for interplanting of safflower and corn

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a planting management method for safflower and corn interplanting, the planting management method is suitable for arid and semi-arid regions, by means of safflower and corn interplanting and reasonable crop line spacing planning, the land exposed area is reduced, the land utilization rate is increased, and the yield is increased. The ventilation and light transmission conditions of crops are improved; through reasonable crop management, the crop yield is improved, and the land income is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a planting management method for intercropping safflower and corn. Background Art

[0002] my country boasts one of the largest arid and semi-arid regions in the world, accounting for 52.5% of the country's total land area. These drylands are primarily distributed across 15 provinces and regions in Northeast, North, and Northwest my country. These regions are fragile and susceptible to factors such as sea temperature, sea ice, and snow cover, leading to extreme weather conditions that damage the ecosystem. However, these vast regions offer significant development potential and are crucial for addressing my country's agricultural challenges. Therefore, finding the right balance between improving the ecological environment and increasing land productivity, and developing key technologies that can achieve both, has become a research hotspot.

[0003] Cultivating drought-tolerant crops like safflower, corn, sorghum, and cassava is a key measure for addressing and improving the ecological environment in arid and semi-arid regions. Existing conventional planting methods for safflower and / or corn often involve improper row spacing or excessively wide or narrow intercropping spacing, which can lead to wasteful land utilization, poor ventilation between crops, low yields, and ineffective regional ecological improvements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the above-mentioned existing technologies and provide a planting and management method for intercropping safflower and corn. The planting and management method is suitable for arid and semi-arid areas. By intercropping safflower and corn and rationally planning the spacing between crop rows, not only the exposed land area is reduced and land utilization rate is increased, but also the ventilation and light conditions of the crops are improved; through rational crop management, crop yield is increased and land benefits are increased.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a planting management method for intercropping safflower and corn, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Site Selection: Choose sandy loam or loam with ample sunlight, deep soil, and good drainage. After leveling the land, divide it into planting areas of 100 cm, 40 cm, 100 cm, and 40 cm, respectively, for safflower, corn, safflower, and corn. Irrigate once in winter in November or December of the year before planting. S2. Safflower Planting S201. Sowing: Sow in holes from mid-March to early April, with a spacing of 25 cm x 40 cm and a hole depth of 3 to 6 cm. Sow 3 to 5 seeds per hole and cover with soil after sowing. Sow at a rate of 0.8 to 1.2 kg per mu and maintain a seedling count of 8,000 to 10,000 plants per mu. S202. Seedling management: Thin out the seedlings when they reach 8-10 cm in height, leaving 1-2 vigorous plants in each hole; S203. Fertilizer and water management: Apply organic fertilizer at 1800-2500 kg / mu during land preparation in autumn. Apply triple compound fertilizer at 10-20 kg / mu during tillage before sowing. Apply topdressing fertilizer in holes 45-60 days after emergence, applying 5-8 kg / mu of urea. After fertilization, build up the soil to prevent fertilizer loss. Apply foliar fertilizer from the budding stage, spraying with a 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution every 10 days for a total of 2-3 sprays, at a dosage of 50-70 kg / mu. S204. Weeding: Depending on the weed density, weeding can be done by manual tillage or using special herbicides. S205. Topping: On fertile soil, when the plant reaches 1 m in height, remove the top to promote branching; on densely planted or infertile land, do not top the plant. S206, pest and disease control: control rust, red flower leaf miner and red flower aphid; S207. Harvesting: 3-5 days after flowering, the flowers enter the peak flowering period and are harvested in time when the top of the corolla turns from yellow to red; S3. Corn Planting S301. Sowing: Sow corn in spring from April to May, ensuring that it is staggered with the growing season of safflower. The row spacing of corn should be 120 cm, and the plant spacing should be 25-30 cm. S302. Field Management: Plant corn seedlings when they have 3 to 4 leaves and transplant them when they have 5 to 6 leaves. Loosen the soil and conserve moisture through shallow tillage, weed, and manage water and fertilizer with the principle of controlling water and slowing down the seedlings. Irrigate appropriately according to soil moisture. S303. Pest and disease control: Use biological and physical control, and choose low-toxic pesticides when necessary; S304. Harvesting: Harvest when the moisture content of the grains is 20% to 25%.

[0006] Preferably, the safflower variety described in S2 is Yumin No. 3, which has strong disease resistance, large thornless heads, and wide adaptability, and the seed storage period does not exceed 1 year.

[0007] Preferably, the safflower sowing in S201 is sown in mid-March in the Yellow River irrigation area in northern Ningxia, in late March in central Ningxia, and in early April in southern Ningxia.

[0008] Preferably, the organic fertilizer in S203 is decomposed cow dung.

[0009] Preferably, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ternary compound fertilizer in S203 is 15:15:15.

[0010] Preferably, the safflower pest control method in S206 is: Rust: Comprehensive agricultural prevention and control: Remove diseased plants during the seedling stage, apply additional phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to promote robust plant growth, promptly remove and burn diseased plant remains in the field after harvest, and rotate crops. Chemical prevention and control: Mix seeds with 25% triadimefon before sowing. At the early stage of the disease, spray 25% triadimefon with an 800-1000 times dilution 2-3 times continuously, with an interval of 7-10 days between each application. Red flower leafminer: In early May, spray 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate (2800 times diluted) 2-3 times continuously, with an interval of 7-10 days between each application. Safflower aphids: During the seedling stage and before flowering, spray with 1000 times diluted 50% pirimicarb, 2000~3000 times diluted 5% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate or 2800 times diluted 2.5% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate at intervals of 10~15 days. Do not use the drug before and after the bud stage.

[0011] Preferably, the low-toxic pesticide control method for corn diseases and insect pests in S303 is: before and after emergence, use 1-1.5 kg of 5% dichlorvos granules and 15 kg of fine soil, mix them, and spread them between rows in the evening to lure and kill underground pests; at the late heart leaf stage and the early stage of aboveground pest occurrence, spray 3000-4000 times of 20% chlorantraniliprole on the leaves, and spray them continuously for 2-3 times with an interval of more than 15 days; to control brown spot disease at the large trumpet stage, spray 1000-1500 times of 25% triadimefon and 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves, and spray them continuously for 2-3 times with an interval of 7 days each time, and spray again after rain; to control ear rot at the tasseling stage, spray 700-800 times of 25% pyraclostrobin on the leaves, and spray them continuously for 2-3 times with an interval of 7 days each time.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant technical effects: 1. The present invention provides a planting and management method for intercropping safflower and corn. By intercropping safflower and corn, the row spacing and plant spacing between crops are rationally planned, which not only increases the vegetation coverage in arid and semi-arid areas, reduces the exposed land area, and improves land utilization rate, but also improves the ventilation and light conditions of crops; through rational crop management, the crop yield is increased and the land income is increased.

[0013] 2. Interplanting safflower and corn so that grain crops and medicinal materials are arranged in alternating rows is beneficial to improving ventilation and light conditions, increasing the utilization rate of light energy, and giving full play to the yield-increasing effect of the advantages of side rows.

[0014] 3. Plant safflower between corn rows. The roots of safflower can increase soil fertility, improve soil aeration and water retention, and provide more nutrients to corn. In addition, safflower can attract beneficial insects, improve biodiversity, and reduce the damage of corn to pests and diseases, thereby reducing the amount and frequency of chemical pesticide application and achieving green agriculture.

[0015] 4. The intercropping method of safflower and corn of the present invention can significantly increase the yield of safflower and improve the content of hydroxysafflower yellow A in safflower. In addition to the income from the harvest of safflower filaments and safflower seeds, the income from the harvest of corn can also be obtained. The per-acre income of safflower can be increased by more than 800 yuan, which is beneficial to increasing the income from land cultivation in arid and semi-arid areas.

[0016] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] Example 1 This embodiment is a planting and management method for intercropping safflower and corn, which was carried out in Fugui Village, Lingsha Township, Pingluo County, Shizuishan City, a Yellow River Irrigation Area in northern Ningxia from 2022 to 2023, with a planting area of 100 mu. The method includes the following steps: S1. Site selection: Choose sandy loam or loam with ample sunlight, deep soil and good drainage. After leveling the land, divide the entire land into safflower, corn, safflower and corn planting areas in the east-west direction with widths of 100cm, 40cm, 100cm and 40cm respectively. Irrigate once in winter in November of the year before planting.

[0018] S2. Safflower Planting Safflower variety selection: Choose the Yumin No. 3 variety, which is highly disease-resistant, thornless, large-headed, and widely adaptable. The seed storage period cannot exceed 1 year. S201. Sowing: Sow in the middle of March, using the hole sowing method, with a row spacing of 25 cm × 40 cm, a hole depth of 5 cm, and 4 seeds per hole. Cover with soil after sowing. The sowing rate is 1 kg / mu, and the number of seedlings to be maintained is 9,000 per mu. S202. Seedling management: Thin out the seedlings when they reach 10 cm in height, leaving one vigorous plant in each hole; S203. Fertilizer and water management: Apply organic fertilizer (well-rotted cow dung) at 2000kg / mu during land preparation in autumn. Apply a three-element compound fertilizer (nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium = 15:15:15) at 15kg / mu during tillage before sowing. Apply topdressing fertilizer in holes 50 days after seedling emergence, applying urea at 7kg / mu. After fertilization, build up the soil to prevent fertilizer loss. Apply foliar fertilizer starting from the budding stage with a 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, spraying every 10 days for a total of three times, at a dosage of 60kg / mu. S204. Weeding: During the safflower growth period, manual weeding or special herbicides should be used depending on the weed density. If the weed density is low and will not affect the yield, consider herb-drug symbiosis and omit weeding. S205. Topping: On fertile soil, when the plant reaches 1m in height, remove the top to promote branching and increase the number of flower buds; do not top plants on densely planted or infertile land. S206, pest and disease control: control rust, red flower leaf miner and red flower aphid; Rust: Comprehensive agricultural prevention and control: Remove diseased plants during the seedling stage, apply additional phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to promote robust plant growth, promptly remove and burn diseased plant remains in the field after harvest, and rotate crops. Chemical prevention and control: Mix seeds with 25% triadimefon before sowing. At the early stage of the disease, spray 25% triadimefon with a 1000-fold dilution twice, 10 days apart. Red flower leafminer: In early May, spray 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate at a dilution of 2800 times for three consecutive times, with an interval of 10 days between each spraying. Red flower aphids: During the seedling stage and before flowering, spray with 50% pirimicarb (1000 times diluted) at intervals of 10 days. Do not use the drug before or after the bud stage. S207. Harvesting: Harvest in time when the top of the corolla turns from yellow to red during the flowering period. Harvesting should be done in the morning after the dew has dried. The harvested filaments cannot be left piled up, but should be spread out in a ventilated and dry place to dry in the shade. It is not suitable to expose them to the sun. Fresh flowers can also be dried in an oven, and the drying temperature should be controlled at 45°C.

[0019] S3. Corn Planting S301. Sowing: Sow corn in spring in May, ensuring that it is staggered with the growing season of safflower; the row spacing of corn is 120 cm, and the plant spacing is 25 cm; S302. Field Management: Carefully thin corn seedlings at the 3-4 leaf stage and transplant them at the 5-6 leaf stage to maintain a reasonable density. Use shallow tillage to loosen the soil to conserve moisture, increase ground temperature, and effectively control weeds (this can be combined with chemical weeding at the 3-5 leaf stage). For water and fertilizer management, control watering and keep seedlings short. Unless the soil is extremely dry, generally do not water or apply nitrogen fertilizer to inhibit excessive growth of the aboveground parts, promote root penetration, strengthen the base internodes, and enhance the plant's resistance to stress. S303. Pest and disease control: Use biological and physical control, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and choose low-toxic pesticides when necessary. This includes: Before and after seedling emergence, mix 1 kg of 5% dimethoate granules with 15 kg of fine soil, and spread between rows in the evening to lure and kill underground pests. At the end of the heartleaf stage and the early infestation of aboveground pests, spray the leaves with a 3000-fold dilution of 20% chlorantraniliprole twice, 16 days apart. To control brown spot disease during the trumpeting stage, spray the leaves with a 1000-fold dilution of 25% triadimefon and a 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution twice, 7 days apart, and re-spray after rain. To control ear rot during the tasseling stage, spray the leaves with a 700-fold dilution of 25% pyraclostrobin twice, 7 days apart. S304. Harvesting: Harvesting is carried out when the moisture content of the grains is 20% to 25%. The harvesting, threshing, and cleaning operations are completed at one time by a machine.

[0020] Comparative Example 1 In Fugui Village, Lingsha Township, Pingluo County, Shizuishan City, a Yellow River Irrigation Area in northern Ningxia, conventional planting methods are used to grow safflower alone, with a planting area of 100 mu.

[0021] The safflower-corn intercropping method of Example 1 of the present invention was compared with the safflower single-cropping method of Comparative Example 1. The results are as follows: Table 1 Effects of safflower-corn intercropping on safflower growth indicators As shown in Table 1, the plant height, stem thickness and curd diameter of the safflower-corn intercropping method of the present invention were increased by 16.2%, 11.3% and 30.7% respectively compared with single safflower planting. It can be seen that the safflower-corn intercropping treatment has a significant promoting effect on the growth of safflower.

[0022] Table 2 Effects of safflower-corn intercropping on safflower photosynthetic indices As shown in Table 2, the SPAD value, transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the safflower-corn intercropping method of the present invention were increased by 3.1%, 8.8%, 9.4%, and 3.6%, respectively, compared with those of single safflower planting. This shows that the safflower-corn intercropping treatment has a certain effect on the photosynthetic indices of safflower.

[0023] Table 3 Effects of safflower-corn intercropping on safflower yield and quality As shown in Table 3, the silk yield, safflower grain yield, hydroxysafflor yellow A, and kaempferol of the safflower-corn intercropping method of the present invention were increased by 21.9%, 88.9%, 8.4%, and 16.1%, respectively, compared with those of single safflower. This shows that the safflower-corn intercropping treatment has a significant promoting effect on the yield and quality of safflower.

[0024] Table 4 Effects of safflower-corn intercropping on the economic benefits of safflower As shown in Table 4, the economic benefits of safflower silk and safflower seeds in the safflower-corn intercropping method of the present invention are increased by 21.9% and 88.8%, respectively, compared with single safflower planting. This shows that the safflower-corn intercropping treatment has a significant promoting effect on the economic benefits of safflower.

[0025] Example 2 This embodiment is a planting and management method for intercropping safflower and corn, which was carried out in Fangbao Village, Guanqiao Township, Haiyuan County, Zhongwei City, in the arid zone of central Ningxia from 2022 to 2023, with a planting area of 100 mu. The method includes the following steps: S1. Site selection: Choose sandy loam or loam with ample sunlight, deep soil and good drainage. After leveling the land, divide the entire land into safflower, corn, safflower, and corn planting areas in the east-west direction with widths of 100cm, 40cm, 100cm, and 40cm, respectively. Irrigate once in winter in December of the year before planting.

[0026] S2. Safflower Planting Safflower variety selection: Choose the Yumin No. 3 variety, which is highly disease-resistant, thornless, large-headed, and widely adaptable. The seed storage period cannot exceed 1 year. S201. Sowing: Sow in the dark in late March, using the hole sowing method, with a row spacing of 25 cm × 40 cm, a hole depth of 3 cm, and 3 seeds per hole. Cover with soil after sowing, with a sowing rate of 0.8 kg / mu and a guaranteed seedling number of 8,000 plants / mu; S202. Seedling management: Thin out the seedlings when they reach 8 cm in height, leaving 2 vigorous plants in each hole; S203. Fertilizer and water management: Apply organic fertilizer (well-rotted cow dung) at 1800 kg / mu during land preparation in autumn. Apply a three-element compound fertilizer (nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium = 15:15:15) at 10 kg / mu during tillage before sowing. Apply topdressing fertilizer in holes 45 days after seedling emergence, applying urea at 5 kg / mu. After fertilization, build up the soil to prevent fertilizer loss. Apply foliar fertilizer starting from the budding stage with a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, spraying every 10 days for a total of three times, at a dosage of 70 kg / mu. S204. Weeding: During the safflower growth period, manual weeding or special herbicides should be used depending on the weed density. If the weed density is low and will not affect the yield, consider herb-drug symbiosis and omit weeding. S205. Topping: On fertile soil, when the plant reaches 1m in height, remove the top to promote branching and increase the number of flower buds; do not top plants on densely planted or infertile land. S206, pest and disease control: control rust, red flower leaf miner and red flower aphid; Rust: Comprehensive agricultural prevention and control: Remove diseased plants during the seedling stage, apply additional phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to promote robust plant growth, promptly remove and burn diseased plant remains in the field after harvest, and rotate crops. Chemical prevention and control: Mix seeds with 25% triadimefon before sowing. At the early stage of the disease, spray 25% triadimefon with an 800-fold dilution three times continuously, with an interval of 7 days between each application. Red flower leaf miner: In early May, spray 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate (2800 times diluted) twice in succession, with an interval of 7 days between each application. Red flower aphids: During the seedling stage and before flowering, spray with 3000 times diluted 5% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate at intervals of 12 days. Do not use the drug before or after the bud stage. S207. Harvesting: Harvest in time when the top of the corolla turns from yellow to red during the flowering period. Harvesting should be done in the morning after the dew has dried. The harvested filaments should not be left piled up, but should be spread out in a ventilated and dry place to dry in the shade. It is not suitable to expose them to the sun. Fresh flowers can also be dried in an oven, and the drying temperature should be controlled at 40℃.

[0027] S3. Corn Planting S301. Sowing: Sow corn in spring in May, ensuring that it is staggered with the growing season of safflower; the row spacing of corn is 120 cm, and the plant spacing is 30 cm; S302. Field Management: Carefully thin corn seedlings at the 3-4 leaf stage and transplant them at the 5-6 leaf stage to maintain a reasonable density. Use shallow tillage to loosen the soil to conserve moisture, increase ground temperature, and effectively control weeds (this can be combined with chemical weeding at the 3-5 leaf stage). For water and fertilizer management, control watering and keep seedlings short. Unless the soil is extremely dry, generally do not water or apply nitrogen fertilizer to inhibit excessive growth of the aboveground parts, promote root penetration, strengthen the base internodes, and enhance the plant's resistance to stress. S303. Pest and disease control: Use biological and physical control, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and choose low-toxic pesticides when necessary. This includes: Before and after seedling emergence, mix 1.5 kg of 5% dimethoate granules with 15 kg of fine soil, and spread between rows in the evening to lure and kill underground pests. At the end of the heartleaf stage and the early infestation of aboveground pests, spray the leaves with a 4000-fold dilution of 20% chlorantraniliprole three times in a row, 20 days apart. To control brown spot disease during the trumpeting stage, spray the leaves with a 1500-fold dilution of 25% triadimefon and a 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution three times in a row, 7 days apart, and re-spray after rain. To control ear rot during the tasseling stage, spray the leaves with an 800-fold dilution of 25% pyraclostrobin two to three times in a row, 7 days apart. S304. Harvesting: Harvesting is carried out when the moisture content of the grains is 20% to 25%. The harvesting, threshing, and cleaning operations are completed at one time by a machine.

[0028] Example 3 This embodiment is a planting and management method for intercropping safflower and corn, which was carried out in Guanting Village, Guanting Town, Yuanzhou District, Guyuan City, southern Ningxia from 2022 to 2023, with a planting area of 100 mu. The method includes the following steps: S1. Site selection: Choose sandy loam or loam with ample sunlight, deep soil and good drainage. After leveling the land, divide the entire land into safflower, corn, safflower and corn planting areas in the east-west direction with widths of 100cm, 40cm, 100cm and 40cm respectively. Irrigate once in winter in November of the year before planting.

[0029] S2. Safflower Planting Safflower variety selection: Choose the Yumin No. 3 variety, which is highly disease-resistant, thornless, large-headed, and widely adaptable. The seed storage period cannot exceed 1 year. S201. Sowing: Sow in early April during the first frost season. Use hole sowing with a spacing of 25 cm × 40 cm and a hole depth of 6 cm. Sow 5 seeds in each hole and cover with soil after sowing. Sow at a rate of 1.2 kg / mu and maintain a seedling count of 10,000 plants / mu. S202. Seedling management: Thin out the seedlings when they reach 10 cm in height, leaving one vigorous plant in each hole; S203. Fertilizer and water management: Apply organic fertilizer (well-rotted cow dung) at 2500kg / mu during land preparation in autumn. Apply a three-element compound fertilizer (nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium = 15:15:15) at 20kg / mu during tillage before sowing. Apply topdressing fertilizer in holes 60 days after seedling emergence, applying 8kg / mu of urea. After fertilization, build up the soil to prevent fertilizer loss. Apply foliar fertilizer starting from the budding stage with a 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, spraying every 10 days for a total of two sprays, at a dosage of 50kg / mu. S204. Weeding: During the safflower growth period, manual weeding or special herbicides should be used depending on the weed density. If the weed density is low and will not affect the yield, consider herb-drug symbiosis and omit weeding. S205. Topping: On fertile soil, when the plant reaches 1 m in height, remove the top to promote branching and increase the number of flower buds; do not top plants on densely planted or infertile land. S206, pest and disease control: control rust, red flower leaf miner and red flower aphid; Rust: Comprehensive agricultural prevention and control: Remove diseased plants during the seedling stage, apply additional phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to promote robust plant growth, promptly remove and burn diseased plant remains in the field after harvest, and rotate crops. Chemical prevention and control: Mix seeds with 25% triadimefon before sowing. At the early stage of the disease, spray 25% triadimefon with a 900-fold dilution twice, with an interval of 8 days between each application. Red flower leaf miner: In early May, spray 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate (2800 times diluted) twice in succession, with an interval of 8 days between each application. Red flower aphids: During the seedling stage and before flowering, spray with 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2800 times diluted, with an interval of 15 days. Do not use the drug before or after the bud stage. S207. Harvesting: Harvest in time when the top of the corolla turns from yellow to red during the flowering period. Harvesting should be done in the morning after the dew has dried up. The harvested filaments cannot be left piled up, but should be spread out in a ventilated and dry place to dry in the shade in time. It is not suitable to expose them to the sun.

[0030] S3. Corn Planting S301. Sowing: Sow corn in April to avoid the growth period of safflower. The row spacing of corn is 120 cm and the plant spacing is 30 cm. S302. Field Management: Carefully thin corn seedlings at the 3-4 leaf stage and transplant them at the 5-6 leaf stage to maintain a reasonable density. Use shallow tillage to loosen the soil to conserve moisture, increase ground temperature, and effectively control weeds (this can be combined with chemical weeding at the 3-5 leaf stage). For water and fertilizer management, control watering and keep seedlings short. Unless the soil is extremely dry, generally do not water or apply nitrogen fertilizer to inhibit excessive growth of the aboveground parts, promote root penetration, strengthen the base internodes, and enhance the plant's resistance to stress. S303. Pest and disease control: Use biological and physical control, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and choose low-toxic pesticides when necessary. This includes: Before and after seedling emergence, use 1.2 kg of 5% dimethoate granules, add 15 kg of fine soil, mix, and spread between rows in the evening to lure and kill underground pests. At the end of the heart leaf stage and the early stage of aboveground pest infestation, spray the leaves with a 3500-fold dilution of 20% chlorantraniliprole twice, 18 days apart. To control brown spot disease during the trumpeting stage, spray the leaves with a 1000-1500-fold dilution of 25% triadimefon and a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution twice, 7 days apart, and re-spray after rain. To control ear rot during the tasseling stage, spray the leaves with a 750-fold dilution of 25% pyraclostrobin twice, 7 days apart. S304. Harvesting: Harvesting is carried out when the moisture content of the grains is 20% to 25%. The harvesting, threshing, and cleaning operations are completed at one time by a machine.

[0031] In summary, the present invention provides a planting and management method for intercropping safflower and corn. By intercropping safflower and corn, the row spacing and plant spacing between crops are rationally planned, which not only increases the vegetation coverage in arid and semi-arid areas, reduces the exposed land area, and improves the land utilization rate, but also improves the ventilation and light conditions of crops, and has a significant promoting effect on the growth indicators, photosynthetic indicators, yield and quality of safflower. In addition to the income from the harvesting of safflower filaments and safflower seeds, the income from the harvesting of corn can also be obtained. The income per mu of safflower can be increased by more than 800 yuan, which is conducive to increasing the income from land planting.

[0032] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent variation made to the above embodiment based on the essence of the invention technology shall still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting management method for intercropping safflower and corn, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. Site Selection: Choose sandy loam or loam with ample sunlight, deep soil, and good drainage. After leveling the land, divide it into planting areas of 100 cm, 40 cm, 100 cm, and 40 cm, respectively, for safflower, corn, safflower, and corn. Irrigate once in winter in November or December of the year before planting. S2. Safflower Planting S201. Sowing: Sow in holes from mid-March to early April, with a spacing of 25 cm x 40 cm and a hole depth of 3 to 6 cm. Sow 3 to 5 seeds per hole and cover with soil after sowing. Sow at a rate of 0.8 to 1.2 kg per mu and maintain a seedling count of 8,000 to 10,000 plants per mu. S202. Seedling management: Thin out the seedlings when they reach 8-10 cm in height, leaving 1-2 vigorous plants in each hole; S203. Fertilizer and water management: Apply organic fertilizer at 1800-2500 kg / mu during land preparation in autumn. Apply triple compound fertilizer at 10-20 kg / mu during tillage before sowing. Apply topdressing fertilizer in holes 45-60 days after emergence, applying 5-8 kg / mu of urea. After fertilization, build up the soil to prevent fertilizer loss. Apply foliar fertilizer from the budding stage, spraying with a 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution every 10 days for a total of 2-3 sprays, at a dosage of 50-70 kg / mu. S204. Weeding: Depending on the weed density, weeding can be done by manual tillage or using special herbicides. S205. Topping: On fertile soil, when the plant reaches 1 m in height, remove the top to promote branching; on densely planted or infertile land, do not top the plant. S206, pest and disease control: control rust, red flower leaf miner and red flower aphid; S207. Harvesting: 3-5 days after flowering, the flowers enter the peak flowering period and are harvested in time when the top of the corolla turns from yellow to red; S3. Corn Planting S301. Sowing: Sow corn in spring from April to May, ensuring that it is staggered with the growing season of safflower. The row spacing of corn should be 120 cm, and the plant spacing should be 25-30 cm. S302. Field Management: Plant corn seedlings when they have 3 to 4 leaves and transplant them when they have 5 to 6 leaves. Loosen the soil and conserve moisture through shallow tillage, weed, and manage water and fertilizer with the principle of controlling water and slowing down the seedlings. Irrigate appropriately according to soil moisture. S303. Pest and disease control: Use biological and physical control, and choose low-toxic pesticides when necessary; S304. Harvesting: Harvest when the moisture content of the grains is 20% to 25%.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The safflower variety described in S2 is Yumin No. 3, which has strong disease resistance, large thornless heads, and wide adaptability, and the seed storage period does not exceed 1 year.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The safflower sowing described in S201 is carried out in mid-March in the Yellow River irrigation area in northern Ningxia, in late March in central Ningxia, and in early April in southern Ningxia.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The organic fertilizer in S203 is decomposed cow dung.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ternary compound fertilizer in S203 is 15:15:

15.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method for controlling safflower diseases and insect pests in S206 is: Rust: Comprehensive agricultural prevention and control: Remove diseased plants during the seedling stage, apply additional phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to promote robust plant growth, promptly remove and burn diseased plant remains in the field after harvest, and rotate crops. Chemical prevention and control: Mix seeds with 25% triadimefon before sowing. At the early stage of the disease, spray 25% triadimefon with an 800-1000 times dilution 2-3 times continuously, with an interval of 7-10 days between each application. Red flower leafminer: In early May, spray 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate (2800 times diluted) 2-3 times continuously, with an interval of 7-10 days between each application. Safflower aphids: During the seedling stage and before flowering, spray with 1000 times diluted 50% pirimicarb, 2000~3000 times diluted 5% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate or 2800 times diluted 2.5% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate at intervals of 10~15 days. Do not use the drug before and after the bud stage.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method for controlling corn diseases and insect pests with low-toxic pesticides described in S303 is: before and after emergence, use 1-1.5 kg of 5% dichlorvos granules and 15 kg of fine soil, mix them, and spread them between rows in the evening to lure and kill underground pests; at the end of the heart leaf stage and the early stage of the occurrence of ground pests, spray 3000-4000 times of 20% chlorfenapyr on the leaves, and spray them continuously for 2-3 times with an interval of more than 15 days; for controlling brown spot disease during the trumpeting stage, spray 1000-1500 times of 25% triadimefon and 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves, and spray them continuously for 2-3 times with an interval of 7 days each time, and spray again after rain; for controlling ear rot during the tasseling stage, spray 700-800 times of 25% pyraclostrobin on the leaves, and spray them continuously for 2-3 times with an interval of 7 days each time.

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