Preparation method of biological fermentation feed for mushrooms

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of feed preparation, and provides a preparation method of a biological fermentation feed for mushrooms, which comprises the following steps: selecting phellinus igniarius, lucid ganoderma and grifola frondosa culture strains, bagging according to a certain proportion, fruiting and culturing, enabling hyphae to fully eat materials, activating metabolic activity, forming a core microbial inoculum with high-efficiency fermentation capability, and adding agricultural wastes into a culture medium for fermentation. Comprising the following steps: pretreating straws, wheat straws, plant leaves, fruit peels and fruit shells, crushing, cleaning and disinfecting to obtain pretreated agricultural wastes, mixing the pretreated agricultural wastes with a core microbial agent, and mixing a dried fungus bag culture medium with auxiliary components according to a certain ratio; according to the method, phellinus igniarius, lucid ganoderma and grifola frondosa strains in a specific proportion are selected for fermentation, the unique metabolic characteristics of the strains are utilized, agricultural waste is converted into high-value biological fermentation feed, and the fermentation efficiency and the product quality are remarkably improved by accurately controlling fermentation parameters and drying treatment conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of feed preparation, in particular to a method for preparing mushroom bio-fermentation feed. Background Art

[0002] With the continued growth of the global population and rapid economic development, people's demand for animal-source foods such as meat, eggs, and milk is constantly increasing. As an important part of the food supply chain, animal husbandry plays a key role in meeting these demands. However, the rapid development of animal husbandry also faces many challenges, the most prominent of which is the problem of feed supply. Traditional feed preparation methods mainly rely on raw materials such as grains and soybean meal. These methods have played an important role in the development of animal husbandry in the past, but under the current situation, their limitations are gradually becoming apparent.

[0003] Existing fermented feed preparation methods suffer from inefficiencies during the fermentation process. Long fermentation times and difficult-to-precisely control fermentation conditions lead to unstable fermentation results and variable product quality. During the post-fermentation drying process, a lack of scientifically controlled drying parameters can easily lead to uneven drying of the material, compromising the quality and shelf life of the feed. These issues not only limit the widespread application of fermented feed but also hinder the market demand for high-quality feed.

[0004] Therefore, those skilled in the art have proposed a method for preparing mushroom bio-fermentation feed to solve the problems raised in the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing mushroom bio-fermentation feed, so as to solve the problems of low efficiency in the fermentation process of the fermentation feed preparation method in the prior art, long fermentation time, difficulty in accurately controlling fermentation conditions, resulting in unstable fermentation effect and uneven product quality.

[0006] A method for preparing a mushroom bio-fermentation feed, comprising: S1: selecting cultivars of Phellinus linteus, Ganoderma lucidum, and Grifola frondosa, bagging them in a certain proportion for fruiting, and culturing them so that their mycelium can fully absorb the material, activating their metabolic activity, and forming a core bacterial agent with efficient fermentation ability;

[0007] S2: pre-treating agricultural waste, including straw, wheat straw, plant leaves, fruit peels, and fruit shells, including crushing, cleaning, and disinfecting steps to obtain pre-treated agricultural waste;

[0008] S3: Mixing the pretreated agricultural waste with the core bacterial agent, placing the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation, controlling parameters such as temperature, humidity, pH value, ventilation volume, etc. during the fermentation process, and setting the fermentation time to T, which satisfies the following formula:

[0009]

[0010] Where V is the volume of the fermentation tank, K is the fermentation rate constant, C0 is the initial material concentration of the fermentation, C t is the material concentration at the end of fermentation;

[0011] S4: Dry the fermented bag culture medium at a temperature of T d , drying time is t d , where T d and t d Satisfy formula (2) and formula (3);

[0012]

[0013]

[0014] S5: Mixing the dried bag culture medium with auxiliary ingredients in a certain ratio to prepare a biological fermentation feed, wherein the auxiliary ingredients include minerals and vitamin additives.

[0015] Preferably, the bagging ratio of the Phellinus linteus, Ganoderma lucidum and Grifola frondosa is 1:1:1 to 3:2:1.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, the agricultural waste is crushed to a particle size of 1 mm to 5 mm.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, the temperature of the fermentation tank is controlled at 25° C. to 35° C., the humidity is controlled at 60% to 80%, the pH value is controlled at 5.5 to 6.5, and the ventilation volume is controlled at 0.5 vvm to 1.5 vvm.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, the fermentation time is 24 to 72 hours.

[0019] Preferably, in step S4, the initial drying temperature is 40°C to 60°C, the heat transfer during the drying process is 1000J to 2000J, and the specific heat capacity of the material is 2J / g·°C to 3J / g·°C.

[0020] Preferably, in step S4, the moisture content W of the material is 30% to 50%, the drying efficiency η is 0.7 to 0.9, and the drying area A is 1m 2 Up to 2m 2 .

[0021] Preferably, in step S5, the amount of the auxiliary components added is 1% to 5% of the mass of the dried bag culture medium.

[0022] Preferably, in step S5, the final ratio of the biological fermentation feed is 80% to 90% of the dried bag culture medium, 5% to 10% of minerals, and 1% to 5% of vitamin additives.

[0023] Preferably, in step S5, the biological fermentation feed is packaged by vacuum packaging or nitrogen-filled packaging, and the water content of the packaged feed does not exceed 10%.

[0024] Through the above technical solution,

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The present invention selects a specific proportion of Phellinus igniarius, Ganoderma lucidum, and Grifola frondosa species for fermentation, and utilizes their unique metabolic characteristics to convert agricultural waste (such as straw, wheat straw, plant leaves, fruit peels, fruit shells, etc.) into high-value bio-fermented feed. By precisely controlling fermentation parameters (such as temperature, humidity, pH value, ventilation volume, etc.) and drying conditions, the fermentation efficiency and product quality are significantly improved, the fermentation time is shortened, and the production cost is reduced. In addition, the fermented feed of the present invention is rich in protein, amino acids, vitamins, and bioactive substances, which can effectively enhance the nutritional value of the feed and the immunity of animals, and promote the healthy growth of animals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1: As shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown: The present invention provides a method for preparing mushroom bio-fermentation feed, comprising: S1: selecting cultivars of Phellinus igniarius, Ganoderma lucidum, and Grifola frondosa, bagging them in a certain proportion for fruiting culture, so that the mycelium can fully absorb the material, activate metabolic activity, and form a core bacterial agent with high fermentation ability; selecting specific cultivars of Phellinus igniarius, Ganoderma lucidum, and Grifola frondosa, which have unique metabolic characteristics and can efficiently decompose cellulose and lignin in agricultural waste and convert them into nutrients that are easily digested and absorbed by animals; optimizing the culturing conditions to ensure that the mycelium fully absorbs the material, activates metabolic activity, and forms a core bacterial agent with high fermentation ability;

[0030] S2: Pre-treating agricultural waste, including straw, wheat straw, plant leaves, fruit peels, and fruit shells, including crushing, cleaning, and disinfecting steps, to obtain pre-treated agricultural waste. The agricultural waste is subjected to pre-treatment steps such as crushing, cleaning, and disinfection to ensure the uniformity and harmlessness of the raw materials and improve fermentation efficiency and product quality;

[0031] S3: Mix the pretreated agricultural waste with the core bacterial agent and place them in a fermentation tank for fermentation. Control the temperature, humidity, pH value, ventilation volume and other parameters during the fermentation process. The fermentation time is T, and the fermentation time satisfies the following formula:

[0032]

[0033] Where V is the volume of the fermentation tank, K is the fermentation rate constant, C0 is the initial material concentration of the fermentation, C t is the material concentration at the end of fermentation. Through this formula, a reasonable fermentation time can be calculated according to the actual fermentation conditions to ensure that the fermentation process is sufficient and efficient. By accurately controlling the temperature, humidity, pH value, ventilation volume and other parameters in the fermentation tank and combining formula (1) to calculate the fermentation time, the efficiency and stability of the fermentation process can be ensured, the fermentation cycle can be shortened, and production efficiency can be improved.

[0034] S4: Dry the fermented bag culture medium at a temperature of T d , drying time is t d , where T d and t d Satisfy formula (2) and formula (3);

[0035]

[0036] Formula (2) takes into account the heat transfer and heat absorption characteristics of the material during the drying process, and can accurately control the drying temperature to avoid damage to the material during the drying process. Formula (3) can calculate the required drying time based on the initial moisture content of the material and the drying conditions to ensure that the material is dried evenly and thoroughly. By accurately controlling the drying temperature and time through formulas (2) and (3), the material is ensured to be dried evenly, avoiding over-drying or under-drying, and improving the quality and preservation of the feed.

[0037] S5: The dried bag culture medium is mixed with auxiliary ingredients in a certain ratio to make biological fermentation feed. The auxiliary ingredients include minerals and vitamin additives. The dried bag culture medium is mixed with auxiliary ingredients such as minerals and vitamin additives to optimize the feed formula and improve the nutritional value of the feed and the immunity of the animal.

[0038] From the above, it can be seen that the method steps significantly improve the fermentation efficiency, shorten the fermentation time, and reduce the production cost by optimizing the strain selection and fermentation parameter control. The fermented feed is rich in protein, amino acids, vitamins and bioactive substances, which can effectively improve the nutritional value of the feed and the immunity of animals, promote the healthy growth of animals, and convert agricultural waste into high-value bio-fermented feed, thereby realizing the recycling of resources and reducing the pollution of waste to the environment. By precisely controlling the fermentation and drying parameters, the quality stability and consistency of the feed products are ensured, meeting the market demand for high-quality feed. By optimizing each step, the efficiency, stability and economy of the entire fermented feed preparation process are ensured, and the feasibility and practicality of the overall solution are improved.

[0039] Example 2: As shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown: This embodiment is basically the same as the previous embodiment, except that, in step S1, the bagging ratio of mulberry linterus, ganoderma lucidum, and maitake mushroom is 1:1:1 to 3:2:1. By precisely controlling the bagging ratio of mulberry linterus, ganoderma lucidum, and maitake mushroom, the synergistic effect between the strains is ensured, the fermentation efficiency and product quality are improved, the optimized strain ratio can better exert the metabolic characteristics of each strain, improve the fermentation efficiency and product quality, and the reasonable strain ratio helps to form a stable fermentation environment, reduce fluctuations in the fermentation process, and improve the consistency of product quality.

[0040] Preferably, in step S2, the particle size of the agricultural waste is 1 mm to 5 mm. By controlling the particle size of the agricultural waste, the uniformity and adaptability of the raw materials are ensured, and the fermentation efficiency and product quality are improved. Appropriate particle size can increase the contact area between the raw materials and the strains, improve the fermentation efficiency, and uniform particle size contributes to the uniformity of the fermentation process and improves the consistency of product quality.

[0041] Specifically, in step S3, the temperature of the fermentation tank is controlled at 25°C to 35°C, the humidity is controlled at 60% to 80%, the pH value is controlled at 5.5 to 6.5, and the ventilation volume is controlled at 0.5vvm to 1.5vvm. By precisely controlling parameters such as temperature, humidity, pH value, and ventilation volume in the fermentation tank, the efficiency and stability of the fermentation process are ensured. The optimized fermentation parameters can significantly improve the fermentation efficiency and shorten the fermentation time. Precise parameter control helps to form a stable fermentation environment and improve the consistency of product quality.

[0042] Specifically, in step S3, the fermentation time is 24 to 72 hours. By precisely controlling the fermentation time, the efficiency and stability of the fermentation process are ensured. Reasonable fermentation time helps to form a stable fermentation environment and ensure the stability and consistency of product quality.

[0043] From the above, it can be seen that by optimizing the key steps in the preparation method of mushroom bio-fermentation feed, the fermentation efficiency and product quality are further improved. By precisely controlling the bagging ratio of Coriolus igniarius, Ganoderma lucidum, and Grifola frondosa, the synergistic effect between the strains is ensured, and the fermentation efficiency and product quality are improved. The crushing particle size of agricultural waste is specified to ensure the uniformity and adaptability of the raw materials. The appropriate crushing particle size can increase the contact area between the raw materials and the strains, improve the fermentation efficiency, and ensure the uniformity of the fermentation process, thereby improving the consistency of product quality. By precisely controlling the temperature in the fermentation tank, the efficiency and stability of the fermentation process are ensured.

[0044] Example 3: As shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown in Example 1, in step S4, the initial drying temperature is 40°C to 60°C, the heat transfer during the drying process is 1000J to 2000J, and the specific heat capacity of the material is 2J / g·°C to 3J / g·°C. The parameter ranges of the initial temperature, heat transfer, and specific heat capacity of the material during the drying process are specified in detail. By precisely controlling these parameters, the material is ensured to be dried evenly and thoroughly, avoiding the problems of over-drying or under-drying. This optimization not only improves the quality and preservation of the feed, but also reduces energy consumption and production costs.

[0045] Specifically, in step S4, the moisture content W of the material is 30% to 50%, the drying efficiency η is 0.7 to 0.9, and the drying area A is 1m 2 Up to 2m 2 By controlling the parameter range of material moisture content, drying efficiency and drying area, we ensure that the material maintains appropriate moisture content and drying efficiency during the drying process, thereby further improving the quality and preservation of the feed.

[0046] Preferably, in step S5, the amount of auxiliary ingredients added is 1% to 5% of the mass of the dried bag culture medium. By precisely controlling the amount of auxiliary ingredients added, the nutritional balance and stable quality of the feed are ensured. The auxiliary ingredients include mineral and vitamin additives, which can effectively meet the comprehensive nutrition required for animal growth and health. Minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium are essential for the development of animal bones and teeth, while vitamins such as vitamins A, D, and E help to enhance the animal's immunity and promote growth.

[0047] Furthermore, in step S5, the final ratio of the bio-fermentation feed is 80% to 90% of the dried bag culture medium, 5% to 10% of minerals, and 1% to 5% of vitamin additives. This ensures the high nutritional value of the feed and realizes the multifunctionality of the feed by rationally matching various ingredients.

[0048] Specifically, in step S5, the packaging of the bio-fermented feed adopts vacuum packaging or nitrogen-filled packaging, and the moisture content of the packaged feed does not exceed 10%. The vacuum packaging or nitrogen-filled packaging technology is used to ensure the quality and stability of the feed during storage and transportation. The vacuum packaging or nitrogen-filled packaging can effectively isolate the oxygen and moisture in the air, prevent the oxidation and mildew of the feed, and extend the shelf life of the feed. At the same time, the moisture content of the packaged feed does not exceed 10%. This strictly controlled moisture content standard further ensures the stability and safety of the feed. The low moisture content not only helps to prevent the growth of microorganisms, but also reduces the nutritional loss of the feed during storage, ensuring that the feed can still maintain its high nutritional value after long-term storage.

[0049] As can be seen from the above, the steps of this method specify the range of the initial drying temperature, heat transfer amount and specific heat capacity of the material during the drying process. By precisely controlling these parameters, the efficiency and uniformity of the drying process are ensured. The drying conditions, including the range of material moisture content, drying efficiency and drying area, are refined to ensure the stability of the drying process and the consistency of product quality. The addition amount and final ratio of auxiliary ingredients are specified to ensure the high nutritional value and versatility of the feed. Finally, vacuum packaging or nitrogen-filled packaging technology is adopted, and the moisture content of the packaged feed is strictly controlled to not exceed 10%, so as to extend the shelf life of the feed and improve its storage stability.

[0050] The embodiments of the present invention are given for the purpose of illustration and description. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. The meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0051] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0052] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0053] In the description of this specification, the reference terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples" or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0054] In the drawings of the embodiments disclosed in the present invention, only the structures involved in the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are involved. Other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0055] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing mushroom bio-fermentation feed, characterized in that: S1: Select mulberry linterus, ganoderma lucidum, and maitake mushroom culture strains, bag them in a certain proportion and cultivate them for fruiting, so that the mycelium can fully absorb the material, activate metabolic activity, and form a core bacterial agent with efficient fermentation ability; S2: pre-treating agricultural waste, including straw, wheat straw, plant leaves, fruit peels, and fruit shells, including crushing, cleaning, and disinfecting steps to obtain pre-treated agricultural waste; S3: Mixing the pretreated agricultural waste with the core bacterial agent, placing the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation, controlling parameters such as temperature, humidity, pH value, ventilation volume, etc. during the fermentation process, and setting the fermentation time to T, which satisfies the following formula: Where V is the volume of the fermentation tank, K is the fermentation rate constant, C0 is the initial material concentration of the fermentation, C t is the material concentration at the end of fermentation; S4: Dry the fermented bag culture medium at a temperature of T d , drying time is t d , where T d and t d Satisfy formula (2) and formula (3); S5: Mixing the dried bag culture medium with auxiliary ingredients in a certain ratio to prepare a biological fermentation feed, wherein the auxiliary ingredients include minerals and vitamin additives.

2. A method for preparing mushroom bio-fermentation feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the bagging ratio of the mulberry linterus, ganoderma lucidum, and maitake mushroom is 1:1:1 to 3:2:

1.

3. The method for preparing mushroom bio-fermentation feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the agricultural waste is crushed to a particle size of 1 mm to 5 mm.

4. The method for preparing mushroom bio-fermentation feed according to claim 1, wherein: In step S3, the temperature of the fermentation tank is controlled at 25° C. to 35° C., the humidity is controlled at 60% to 80%, the pH value is controlled at 5.5 to 6.5, and the ventilation volume is controlled at 0.5 vvm to 1.5 vvm.

5. A method for preparing mushroom bio-fermentation feed according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S3, the fermentation time is 24 to 72 hours.

6. A method for preparing mushroom bio-fermentation feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S4, the initial drying temperature is 40°C to 60°C, the heat transfer during the drying process is 1000J to 2000J, and the specific heat capacity of the material is 2J / g·°C to 3J / g·°C.

7. A method for preparing mushroom bio-fermentation feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the moisture content W of the material is 30% to 50%, the drying efficiency η is 0.7 to 0.9, and the drying area A is 1m 2 Up to 2m 2 .

8. The method for preparing mushroom bio-fermentation feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the amount of the auxiliary components added is 1% to 5% of the mass of the dried bag culture medium.

9. A method for preparing mushroom bio-fermentation feed according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S5, the final ratio of the biological fermentation feed is 80% to 90% of the dried bag culture medium, 5% to 10% of minerals, and 1% to 5% of vitamin additives.

10. A method for preparing mushroom bio-fermentation feed according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S5, the biological fermentation feed is packaged by vacuum packaging or nitrogen-filled packaging, and the water content of the packaged feed does not exceed 10%.

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