Wheat straw fermented feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and particularly relates to a wheat straw fermented feed and a preparation method thereof. In order to solve the problems that in the prior art, wheat straw is utilized for biological fermentation to prepare fermented feed, the process is complex, and the fermentation effect needs to be improved, the invention provides the preparation method of the wheat straw fermented feed, the method comprises the following steps: crushing wheat straw, mixing the crushed wheat straw with corn flour, adding a compound bacteria solution, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation in a fermentation container for 10-30 days to prepare the wheat straw fermented feed. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the palatability of the wheat straw is improved by adopting a mode of mixing the wheat straw and the corn flour and combining with the special fermentation compound bacteria liquid, the nutritional value is increased, the content of crude protein is increased by 40% or above compared with that of raw materials, the content of neutral detergent fibers and acid detergent fibers is reduced by 16-19% respectively, and the pH value is reduced by 30%. The raw materials are easy to obtain, the fermentation method is simple and convenient, the fermentation effect is good, and good practical value is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and particularly relates to a wheat straw fermented feed and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of animal husbandry, the demand for feed resources is growing. The prices of traditional feed ingredients, such as corn and soybean meal, continue to climb, and their supply is subject to seasonal and regional constraints. Finding new sources of feed ingredients has become the key to addressing the bottlenecks in the development of animal husbandry.

[0003] Wheat straw is the main byproduct of wheat harvest, with a wide range of sources and huge output. Existing research has found that wheat straw has the potential to be used as a source of animal feed after processing. However, because wheat straw contains a large amount of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, has a compact structure, and a hard texture, conventional physical and chemical treatment methods are difficult to effectively degrade it, resulting in poor palatability, low animal intake, and low digestibility. How to utilize wheat straw as a resource and solve the problems of its poor palatability and difficulty in utilizing nutrients has become a focus of current feed industry research.

[0004] Currently, with the development of bio-fermentation technology, wheat straw can be used through bio-fermentation. However, how to improve the fermentation effect and obtain better quality bio-fermented feed has become an urgent problem to be solved in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the process of preparing fermented feed by biological fermentation using wheat straw is complicated and the fermentation effect needs to be improved.

[0006] The present invention solves the above technical problems by providing a method for preparing wheat straw fermented feed. The method comprises the following steps:

[0007] a. Take fresh wheat straw and chop it into 1-3 cm in length;

[0008] b. Mix the crushed wheat straw and cornmeal in a weight ratio of 100:2-10, add 2-5wt% of the composite bacterial solution to the total amount of wheat straw and cornmeal, and stir evenly;

[0009] c. The mixed material obtained in step b is placed into a fermentation container, compacted and sealed, and anaerobic fermentation is carried out; the fermentation temperature is controlled at 30-35° C., and the fermentation time is 10-30 days; when the pH value of the fermented material drops to 4.0-5.0 and the number of microorganisms is stable, the fermentation is terminated to obtain wheat straw fermented feed.

[0010] Wherein, in the above-mentioned method for preparing wheat straw fermented feed, the particle size of the cornmeal described in step b is 0.1-0.5 mm.

[0011] Among them, in the above-mentioned method for preparing wheat straw fermented feed, the composite bacterial solution described in step b is prepared by dissolving the composite bacterial agent and brown sugar in warm water.

[0012] Furthermore, the preparation method of the composite bacterial liquid is as follows: 50g of the composite bacterial agent is mixed with 1-2kg of brown sugar, and the mixture is added to 10-20L of warm water, stirred until the composite bacterial agent and brown sugar are completely dissolved, and then cultured for 2-12 hours.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned method for preparing wheat straw fermented feed, the composite bacterial agent in step b is a complex of lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and enzyme preparation.

[0014] Furthermore, the total viable count of bacteria in the composite bacterial agent is ≥1×10 11 The ratio of the number of viable bacteria of the lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 5-10:1-8:2-5.

[0015] Furthermore, the enzyme preparation includes cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase, and protease. Furthermore, the enzyme activity ratio of cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase, and protease in the enzyme preparation is 3-5:8-9:2-5:1. The total enzyme activity in the enzyme preparation is ≥10 U / g.

[0016] The present invention also provides a wheat straw fermented feed prepared by the above preparation method.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] The present invention provides a wheat straw fermented feed and a preparation method thereof. Through specific pretreatment, fermentation strain screening, and fermentation process optimization, the nutritional value of wheat straw is enhanced, and its palatability and digestibility are improved, thereby providing a low-cost, high-quality feed raw material for animal husbandry. The fermentation method of the present invention improves the palatability of wheat straw and increases animal feed intake. It also enhances the nutritional value of wheat straw, increasing its crude protein content by over 40% compared to the raw material, reducing neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber by 16-19%, and lowering its pH by 30%. Furthermore, the fermented feed also enhances digestibility, reduces feed costs, and offers environmental benefits, possessing significant economic value and practical significance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention provides a wheat straw fermented feed and a preparation method thereof. By pre-treating the wheat straw and screening for a suitable composite bacterial solution, and then undergoing a special fermentation process, a fermented feed with higher nutritional value is obtained. Specifically, the fermentation method of the present invention can be carried out by the following steps:

[0020] (1) Wheat straw pretreatment

[0021] Harvesting and Collection: Harvest wheat when it is ripe to ensure the straw is dry and free of mold. Collect the harvested wheat straw promptly to avoid rain and prolonged storage that could degrade its quality.

[0022] Crushing treatment: Use a crusher to crush the wheat straw into pieces of 1-3 cm in length to increase the contact area between the straw and the fermentation bacteria, which is beneficial to the subsequent fermentation process.

[0023] (2) Screening and cultivation of fermentation strains

[0024] Strain Screening: A composite strain of lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is highly efficient in degrading cellulose and hemicellulose is selected. A complex enzyme preparation consisting of cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase, and protease is also added. The ratio and number of viable lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as the ratio and activity of the various enzymes in the complex enzyme preparation, are strictly controlled to ensure optimal fermentation results.

[0025] (3) Fermentation process

[0026] Mixed inoculation: Mix the pretreated wheat straw and cornmeal in a mass ratio of 100:2-10, then add 2-5% of the composite bacterial solution and stir evenly.

[0027] Cornmeal is used because it contains sugar and starch, which provides a carbon source, quickly activates the bacteria, shortens the fermentation cycle, and improves palatability and digestibility. After extensive experimentation and repeated screening, a weight ratio of 100:5 wheat straw to cornmeal was found to be optimal, and a 2% addition ratio of the composite bacterial solution was found to be optimal.

[0028] (4) Fermentation conditions

[0029] The inoculated material is placed into fermentation bags / containers, compacted and sealed, and anaerobic fermentation is carried out. The fermentation temperature is controlled at 30-35°C, and the fermentation time is 10-30 days. During the fermentation process, the pH value, organic acid content, and microbial count of the fermentation material are regularly tested to monitor the fermentation progress.

[0030] Fermentation termination and post-processing: When the pH value of the fermentation material drops to 4.0-5.0 and the number of microorganisms is stable, the fermentation ends and the wheat straw fermented feed product is obtained.

[0031] In the fermentation system described herein, wheat straw provides a crude fiber matrix, and the composite bacterial agent is dissolved in a brown sugar aqueous solution, rapidly activating dormant EM bacteria and enhancing bacterial activity. Furthermore, brown sugar, as a carbohydrate, provides thermal energy and contains trace elements such as copper, iron, zinc, cobalt, manganese, chromium, and other minerals, including riboflavin, carotene, and niacin, essential for biological growth and development. This enriches the nutritional value of the fermented feed.

[0032] During fermentation, key fermentation parameters must be controlled, such as a moisture content of 65-75%, a ball that forms a ball without dripping when held in the hand, to prevent mold and promote anaerobic fermentation. A pH of 4.0-5.0, measured using pH test paper or a portable detector, is beneficial for producing lactic acid to inhibit harmful bacteria. A temperature of 30-35°C maintains bacterial metabolic activity.

[0033] Compared with traditional fermentation methods, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0034] The raw materials of the present invention only require straw + composite bacterial agent + cornmeal, and do not require auxiliary materials such as soybean meal and molasses, which not only reduces the cost but also achieves better fermentation effect. In the fermentation step, the present invention adopts a single mixed sealed fermentation. Compared with the traditional stage-by-stage temperature and oxygen control fermentation, the fermentation efficiency of the present invention is higher and the operation is simpler. At the same time, the present invention also saves fermentation time. Using the method of the present invention, fermentation can be carried out for 10-30 days, which is significantly reduced compared to the existing 30-60 days. Finally, the present invention has lower requirements for fermentation containers. It does not require special fermentation tanks / professional equipment and can be completed using plastic film + ordinary containers.

[0035] The fermented feed obtained by the method of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0036] (1) Improved nutritional value: The fermentation method of the present invention effectively degrades the cellulose and hemicellulose in wheat straw, converting them into nutrients such as sugars, organic acids, and amino acids that are easily digested and absorbed by animals, significantly improving the nutritional value of the feed. Testing has shown that the crude protein content of fermented wheat straw feed is increased by more than 40% compared to the raw material, the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content are reduced by 16-19%, and the pH value is reduced by 30%.

[0037] (2) Improved palatability: The organic acids and alcohols produced during the fermentation process give the feed a unique aroma, improving the original unpleasant odor of wheat straw and increasing the animal's appetite. At the same time, the fermented straw becomes softer, making it easier for animals to chew and swallow.

[0038] (3) Enhanced digestibility: The fermented wheat straw feed has a loose structure and broken cell walls, making the nutrients inside more accessible and decomposed by digestive enzymes in the animal's intestines, thereby improving the digestibility of the feed. After animals are fed the fermented feed of this invention, the amount of undigested feed residue in their feces is significantly reduced, and the feed conversion rate is increased by 10-15%.

[0039] (4) Cost Reduction: The present invention uses wheat straw, a widely available and inexpensive raw material, as its primary raw material. Through simple pretreatment and fermentation processes, it is converted into a high-quality feed product, effectively reducing feed production costs. Compared with traditional feed raw materials, the use of wheat straw fermented feed in the present invention can reduce breeding costs by 15-20%.

[0040] (5) Significant environmental benefits: The implementation of the present invention realizes the resource utilization of wheat straw, reduces the pollution to the environment caused by straw burning and discarding, and reduces the dependence of animal husbandry on traditional feed raw materials, which is beneficial to protecting the ecological environment and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0041] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further explained below through examples, but it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention to the scope described in the examples.

[0042] Example 1 Preparation of fermented feed using the method of the present invention

[0043] The specific steps are as follows:

[0044] a. Take 1000 kg of fresh wheat straw and crush it into 1-3 cm in length;

[0045] b. Mix the crushed wheat straw and 50 kg of cornmeal evenly, add 25 L of composite bacterial solution, and stir evenly; then add 500 L of warm water, and the moisture content of the material is 66.7%; the composite bacterial solution is made by adding 50 g of composite bacterial agent to 1000 g of brown sugar, and then adding 10 L of warm water, stirring until all are dissolved, and then incubating for 5 hours; the lactic acid bacteria content in the composite bacterial solution is ≥ 0.5 × 10 11 CFU / g, Bacillus subtilis content ≥0.25×10 11 CFU / g, Saccharomyces cerevisiae content ≥ 0.25×10 11 CFU / g; cellulase content ≥4U / g, hemicellulase content ≥8U / g, pectinase content ≥4U / g, protease content ≥1U / g;

[0046] c. The mixed material obtained in step b is placed into a fermentation container, compacted and sealed, and anaerobic fermentation is carried out; the fermentation temperature is controlled at 30-35° C., and the fermentation time is 15 days; when the pH value of the fermented material drops to 4.0-5.0 and the number of microorganisms is stable, the fermentation is terminated to obtain wheat straw fermented feed.

[0047] Comparative Example 1: Only wheat straw was used for fermentation

[0048] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that after the wheat straw is crushed, it is not mixed with cornmeal and is directly placed in a fermentation container for fermentation. The fermentation conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0049] Comparative Example 2: Fermentation with wheat straw and water

[0050] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that after the wheat straw is crushed, no cornmeal is mixed in, but warm water is added to ensure that the moisture content of the material is 66.7%, and the material is placed in a fermentation container for fermentation. The fermentation conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0051] Comparative Example 3: Fermentation with wheat straw and composite bacterial agent

[0052] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that after the wheat straw is crushed, no cornmeal is mixed in, but the same composite bacterial solution as in Example 1 is added to ensure that the moisture content of the material is the same as in Example 1, and the material is placed in a fermentation container for fermentation under the same fermentation conditions as in Example 1.

[0053] Comparative Example 4: Fermentation without using the composite bacterial agent of the present invention

[0054] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that Comparative Example 4 uses a single bacterial agent, and the lactic acid bacteria content is ≥1×10 11 CFU / g, cellulase content ≥17U / g, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0055] The fermented feeds obtained in the examples and comparative examples were tested, and the pH value, crude protein content, acid detergent fiber content and neutral detergent fiber content in the fermented feeds were determined using conventional methods. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0056] Table 1 Related indicators of fermented feed obtained by different methods

[0057]

[0058] It can be seen from the results of the examples and comparative examples that the method for preparing fermented wheat straw feed of the present invention has good stability and repeatability, can effectively improve the nutritional value and utilization efficiency of wheat straw, and provides a high-quality, low-cost feed option for animal husbandry.

Claims

1. A method for preparing wheat straw fermented feed, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a. Take fresh wheat straw and chop it into 1-3 cm in length; b. Mix the crushed wheat straw and cornmeal in a weight ratio of 100:2-10, add 2-5wt% of the composite bacterial solution to the total amount of wheat straw and cornmeal, and stir evenly; c. The mixed material obtained in step b is placed into a fermentation container, compacted and sealed, and anaerobic fermentation is carried out; the fermentation temperature is controlled at 30-35° C., and the fermentation time is 10-30 days; when the pH value of the fermented material drops to 4.0-5.0 and the number of microorganisms is stable, the fermentation is terminated to obtain wheat straw fermented feed.

2. The method for preparing wheat straw fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein: The cornmeal particle size described in step b is 0.1-0.5mm.

3. The method for preparing wheat straw fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein: The composite bacterial solution described in step b is prepared by dissolving the composite bacterial agent and brown sugar in warm water.

4. The method for preparing wheat straw fermented feed according to claim 3, wherein: The preparation method of the composite bacterial liquid is as follows: 50g of the composite bacterial agent is mixed with 1-2kg of brown sugar, and the mixture is added into 10-20L of warm water, stirred until the composite bacterial agent and brown sugar are completely dissolved, and then cultured for 2-12 hours.

5. The method for preparing wheat straw fermented feed according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The composite bacterial agent in step b is a complex of lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and enzyme preparation.

6. The method for preparing wheat straw fermented feed according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The total number of active bacteria in the composite bacterial agent is ≥1×10 11 CFU / g; the ratio of the number of viable bacteria of the lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 5-10:1-8:2-5.

7. The method for preparing wheat straw fermented feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The enzyme preparation includes cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and protease.

8. The method for preparing wheat straw fermented feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The total enzyme activity in the enzyme preparation is ≥10 U / g.

9. The method for preparing wheat straw fermented feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The enzyme activity content ratio of cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and protease in the enzyme preparation is 3-5:8-9:2-5:

1.

10. Wheat straw fermented feed directly prepared by the method for preparing wheat straw fermented feed according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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