Pig feed containing nano-selenium and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a pig feed containing nano-selenium and a preparation method of the pig feed. The pig feed is specifically prepared by mixing corn, soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, extruded soybeans, whey powder, an amino acid premix, calcium citrate, monocalcium phosphate, a vitamin premix, a trace element premix, compound enzymes, nano-selenium composite fibers, protein modified loaded nano-selenium and the like. The feed contains nano-selenium, is scientific in formula, meets the nutritional requirements of weaned piglets, and promotes the growth of the piglets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a pig feed containing nano-selenium and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of feed processing. Background Art

[0002] Pork is a major source of protein for people, and piglets are a crucial part of the pig's growth cycle, directly impacting both market volume and pork quality. Piglets have poor tolerance to cold temperatures, their physiological functions are not fully developed (digestive function, enzyme system development, and low immunity), and they grow rapidly. Therefore, careful attention must be paid to piglet feeding. Failure to maintain adequate feeding schedules can lead to growth stagnation, delayed market age, and significant economic losses. Pig barns are often poorly sanitary, and coupled with the stress of weaning, piglets are highly susceptible to diarrhea, growth stagnation, and, in severe cases, death.

[0003] Causes of diarrhea in piglets include bacterial diarrhea, viral diarrhea, nutritional diarrhea, and stress diarrhea. Once diarrhea occurs, the piglet's gastrointestinal tract will inevitably suffer varying degrees of damage, requiring a long recovery time, affecting the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and hindering the piglet's normal weight gain. Therefore, it is essential to adjust the feed composition to reduce diarrhea in piglets.

[0004] Currently, antibiotics are commonly used to prevent and treat diarrhea in piglets. However, these antibiotics are only effective against bacterial diarrhea and are ineffective against viral, nutritional, and stress-induced diarrhea. Excessive and prolonged use of antibiotics can lead to drug resistance in pathogens, disrupting the piglet's gastrointestinal microbiome, disrupting the digestive system, and weakening immunity, ultimately affecting piglet growth and pork quality. Furthermore, antibiotics are excreted into the environment through animal feces, polluting the environment. Antibiotic residues accumulate in pigs and are then transferred to humans through the food chain, posing a threat to human health.

[0005] Piglets are small and their organs are still developing. Feeding them only with concentrated or concentrate feeds cannot meet their needs. A shortage of trace elements will also slow their growth. Therefore, it is very necessary to adjust the feed composition to meet the nutritional needs of piglets and promote digestion and absorption.

[0006] Selenium is a crucial trace element for maintaining mammalian health, widely involved in immune and antioxidant functions. However, selenium deficiency has been shown to cause diarrhea in piglets. Furthermore, with increasing awareness of health issues, demand for selenium-enriched pork has been increasing in recent years. Therefore, the addition of selenium to piglet feed is essential.

[0007] Common selenium can be divided into two forms: organic and inorganic. Organic selenium has high utilization but slow absorption, while inorganic selenium has poor safety. The emergence of nano-selenium addresses these issues, offering high safety, high bioactivity, and rapid absorption. Adding nano-selenium to feed will undoubtedly benefit piglet growth.

[0008] Nanoselenium can be obtained through chemical reduction (chemical nanoselenium) or through microbial (bacterial) biosynthesis (bio-nanoselenium). Bio-nanoselenium offers advantages such as high stability, strong activity, and high biotransformation efficiency, but it relies on a complex biosynthetic pathway and is expensive. Chemical nanoselenium production is simpler, but it suffers from poor stability, is prone to aggregation, and is easily affected by the environment and loses its activity. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a pig feed containing nano-selenium and a preparation method thereof.

[0010] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] A method for preparing pig feed containing nano-selenium, the specific steps are as follows:

[0012] (1) mixing a nano-selenium dispersion with a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixture to obtain a spinning solution, and electrospinning to obtain a nano-selenium composite fiber;

[0013] (2) uniformly mixing the nano-selenium dispersion with the chitosan-algae polyphenol mixture and the starch aqueous dispersion, adding sodium trimetaphosphate, stirring and mixing to obtain an aqueous phase; preparing a Tween 80 soybean oil solution as an oil phase; mixing the aqueous phase and the oil phase, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing, and obtaining loaded nano-selenium; ultrasonically dispersing the loaded nano-selenium in water, adding nano-collagen, ultrasonically oscillating, and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate to obtain protein-modified loaded nano-selenium;

[0014] (3) The following components in parts by weight are mixed and prepared to obtain pig feed: 80-100 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 2-3 parts of fermented soybean meal, 2-3 parts of puffed soybeans, 8-10 parts of whey powder, 1-2 parts of amino acid premix, 0.8-1 part of calcium citrate, 0.8-1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08-0.1 part of vitamin premix, 0.3-0.5 part of trace element premix, 0.8-1 part of complex enzyme, 0.3-0.5 part of nano-selenium composite fiber, and 0.3-0.5 part of protein-modified loaded nano-selenium.

[0015] Preferably, in step (1) and step (2), the nano-selenium dispersion is obtained by reducing sodium selenite with ascorbic acid, and both are freshly prepared and used immediately.

[0016] Further preferably, the specific steps are as follows: sodium selenite is stirred and dissolved in deionized water to obtain a 5 mmol / L sodium selenite solution, the pH is adjusted to 4 using a 0.01 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, and a 20 mmol / L ascorbic acid solution is added dropwise while stirring. After the addition is completed, the mixture is stirred at room temperature (25°C) for 2 to 3 hours to obtain a nano-selenium dispersion; wherein the molar ratio of sodium selenite contained in the sodium selenite solution to ascorbic acid contained in the ascorbic acid solution is 1:2.

[0017] Preferably, in step (1), the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixed solution is prepared by the following method: first, polyvinyl alcohol is added to 8 to 10 times its weight of water, and stirred at 90°C until completely dissolved to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution; then, sodium alginate is added to 8 to 10 times its weight of water, and stirred at room temperature until completely dissolved to obtain a sodium alginate solution; then, the polyvinyl alcohol solution and the sodium alginate solution are mixed in equal volumes and stirred evenly to obtain the product.

[0018] Preferably, in step (1), the nano-selenium dispersion and the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixture are mixed evenly so that the mass concentration of the nano-selenium is 8%.

[0019] Preferably, in step (1), the electrospinning conditions are: 20 mL syringe, voltage 20-25 kV, collection distance 17-18 cm, and injection speed 0.04-0.05 mm / min.

[0020] Preferably, in step (2), the chitosan-fucose polyphenols mixed solution is prepared by the following method: stirring and dissolving chitosan in a 1% mass concentration acetic acid solution to obtain a chitosan solution with a mass concentration of 1%, then adding fucose polyphenols to the chitosan solution and stirring until completely dissolved, so that the molar ratio of chitosan to fucose polyphenols is 1:1, thereby obtaining a chitosan-fucose polyphenols mixed solution.

[0021] More preferably, the chitosan has a deacetylation degree of ≥85% and a molecular weight of 80-100 kDa.

[0022] Preferably, in step (2), the starch aqueous dispersion is obtained by stirring and dispersing corn starch in water 30 to 40 times its weight.

[0023] Preferably, in step (2), the molar ratio of nano-selenium contained in the nano-selenium dispersion, chitosan contained in the chitosan-algae polyphenol mixture, and starch contained in the starch dispersion is 1:1:1, and the mass concentration of sodium trimetaphosphate in the aqueous phase is 2-3%.

[0024] Preferably, in step (2), the pH of the aqueous phase is adjusted to 7.5 using 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution.

[0025] Preferably, in step (2), the soybean oil solution of Tween 80 is obtained by mixing Tween 80 and soybean oil in a mass ratio of 1:8-10.

[0026] Preferably, in step (2), the volume ratio of the water phase to the oil phase is 1:8-10.

[0027] Preferably, in step (2), the mixing and stirring conditions of the aqueous phase and the oil phase are: 40-45° C., and 500-600 r / min for 5-6 hours.

[0028] Preferably, in step (2), washing is performed sequentially using acetone, petroleum ether, and deionized water for 2 to 3 times each.

[0029] Preferably, in step (2), the mass ratio of loaded nano-selenium, water, and nano-collagen is 1:6-7:0.3-0.4.

[0030] Preferably, in step (2), the ultrasonic oscillation treatment conditions are: 300-400W ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 2-3 hours.

[0031] Preferably, in step (2), the nano collagen is prepared by the following method: first, the fish skin is washed and crushed, and immersed in a 0.5 mol / L acetic acid solution of 6 to 7 times its weight, stirred at room temperature for 18 to 20 hours, adjusted to pH 7 to 7.5 with 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, and continued to stir for 2 to 3 hours, and centrifuged at 10,000 to 12,000 r / min for 30 to 40 minutes at 0 to 2° C. to obtain a precipitate; then, the precipitate is dissolved in purified water of 6 to 7 times its weight and dialyzed for 40 to 42 hours, dried, and ground to a particle size of less than 1 μm.

[0032] Preferably, in step (3), the amino acid premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 parts of L-methionine, 0.5 parts of threonine, 0.4 parts of tryptophan, 0.4 parts of arginine, and 0.3 parts of lysine.

[0033] Preferably, in step (3), the vitamin premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 part of vitamin A, 0.05 part of vitamin D, 0.4 part of vitamin E, 0.03 part of vitamin K3, 0.05 part of vitamin B1, 0.08 part of vitamin B2, 0.08 part of vitamin B6, 0.08 part of vitamin B 12 0.02 parts, niacinamide 0.4 parts, folic acid 0.05 parts, pantothenic acid 0.2 parts, biotin 0.05 parts.

[0034] Preferably, in step (3), the trace element premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 parts of glycinate iron, 0.2 parts of glycinate copper, 0.2 parts of glycinate zinc, 0.1 parts of yeast manganese, and 0.1 parts of cobalt chloride.

[0035] Preferably, in step (3), the complex enzyme is obtained by mixing β-glucanase, pectinase, cellulase, neutral protease and the like.

[0036] A pig feed containing nano-selenium is obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0037] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0038] The present invention provides a nano-selenium-containing pig feed and a preparation method thereof. The feed is prepared by mixing corn, soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, puffed soybeans, whey powder, an amino acid premix, calcium citrate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, a vitamin premix, a trace element premix, a complex enzyme, nano-selenium composite fibers, and a protein-modified nano-selenium-loaded feed. The feed contains nano-selenium and has a scientific formula that meets the nutritional needs of weaned piglets and promotes their growth.

[0039] In addition to adjusting specific nutritional components according to the growth needs of piglets, the key to the present invention lies in the addition of nano-selenium. The nano-selenium of the present invention comprises two parts: nano-selenium composite fiber and protein-modified loaded nano-selenium.

[0040] The nano-selenium composite fiber is obtained by uniformly mixing a nano-selenium dispersion with a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixture to obtain a spinning solution, which is then electrospun.

[0041] The preparation method of protein-modified loaded nano-selenium is as follows: uniformly mix the nano-selenium dispersion with the chitosan-algae polyphenol mixture and the starch aqueous dispersion, add sodium trimetaphosphate, stir and mix to obtain an aqueous phase; prepare a Tween 80 soybean oil solution as an oil phase; mix and stir the aqueous phase and the oil phase, centrifuge to obtain a precipitate, wash, and obtain loaded nano-selenium; then ultrasonically disperse the loaded nano-selenium in water, add nano-collagen, perform ultrasonic oscillation treatment, and centrifuge to obtain a precipitate.

[0042] Compared with the existing chemical nano-selenium, the nano-selenium composite fiber and protein-modified loaded nano-selenium of the present invention have good stability, and further introduce chitosan, brown algae polyphenols, and nano-collagen. The nano-selenium composite fiber and protein-modified loaded nano-selenium are fibrous and microspherical, respectively, which promote digestion and absorption of piglets and promote the growth of piglets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments. It should be noted that the following description is only for explaining the present invention and does not limit the content thereof.

[0044] Example 1:

[0045] A method for preparing pig feed containing nano-selenium, the specific steps are as follows:

[0046] (1) mixing a nano-selenium dispersion with a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixture to obtain a spinning solution, and electrospinning to obtain a nano-selenium composite fiber;

[0047] (2) uniformly mixing the nano-selenium dispersion with the chitosan-algae polyphenol mixture and the starch aqueous dispersion, adding sodium trimetaphosphate, stirring and mixing to obtain an aqueous phase; preparing a Tween 80 soybean oil solution as an oil phase; mixing the aqueous phase and the oil phase, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing, and obtaining loaded nano-selenium; ultrasonically dispersing the loaded nano-selenium in water, adding nano-collagen, ultrasonically oscillating, and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate to obtain protein-modified loaded nano-selenium;

[0048] (3) The following components were mixed and prepared to obtain pig feed: 80 kg corn, 20 kg soybean meal, 2 kg fermented soybean meal, 2 kg puffed soybeans, 8 kg whey powder, 1 kg amino acid premix, 0.8 kg calcium citrate, 0.8 kg calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08 kg vitamin premix, 0.3 kg trace element premix, 0.8 kg complex enzyme, 0.3 kg nano-selenium composite fiber, and 0.3 kg protein-modified loaded nano-selenium.

[0049] Wherein, in step (1) and step (2), the nano-selenium dispersion is obtained by reducing sodium selenite with ascorbic acid; the specific steps are as follows: sodium selenite is stirred and dissolved in deionized water to obtain a 5mmol / L sodium selenite solution, 0.01mol / L hydrochloric acid solution is used to adjust the pH to 4, 20mmol / L ascorbic acid solution is added dropwise while stirring, and after the addition is completed, the mixture is stirred at room temperature (25°C) for 2 hours to obtain the nano-selenium dispersion; wherein the molar ratio of sodium selenite contained in the sodium selenite solution to ascorbic acid contained in the ascorbic acid solution is 1:2.

[0050] In step (1), the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixed solution is prepared by the following method: first, polyvinyl alcohol is added to 8 times its weight of water, and stirred at 90°C until it is completely dissolved to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution; then, sodium alginate is added to 8 times its weight of water, and stirred at room temperature until it is completely dissolved to obtain a sodium alginate solution; then, the polyvinyl alcohol solution and the sodium alginate solution are mixed in equal volumes and stirred evenly to obtain the obtained product.

[0051] The nano-selenium dispersion liquid and the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixed liquid are mixed evenly, so that the mass concentration of the nano-selenium is 8%.

[0052] The electrospinning conditions were: 20 mL syringe, voltage 20 kV, collection distance 17 cm, and injection speed 0.04 mm / min.

[0053] In step (2), the chitosan-fucose polyphenols mixture is prepared by stirring and dissolving chitosan in a 1% acetic acid solution to obtain a 1% chitosan solution; then adding fucose polyphenols to the chitosan solution and stirring until completely dissolved, such that the molar ratio of chitosan to fucose polyphenols is 1:1, thereby obtaining the chitosan-fucose polyphenols mixture. The chitosan has a degree of deacetylation of ≥85% and a molecular weight of 80 to 100 kDa.

[0054] The starch aqueous dispersion is obtained by stirring and dispersing corn starch in water 30 times the weight of corn starch.

[0055] The molar ratio of nano-selenium contained in the nano-selenium dispersion, chitosan contained in the chitosan-brown algae polyphenol mixture, and starch contained in the starch dispersion is 1:1:1, and the mass concentration of sodium trimetaphosphate in the aqueous phase is 2%.

[0056] The pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 7.5 using 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution.

[0057] The soybean oil solution of Tween 80 is obtained by mixing Tween 80 and soybean oil in a mass ratio of 1:8.

[0058] The volume ratio of the water phase to the oil phase is 1:8.

[0059] The mixing and stirring conditions of the aqueous phase and the oil phase are: 40°C, 500 r / min and 5 hours.

[0060] The washing was carried out in sequence using acetone, petroleum ether and deionized water, each for 2 times.

[0061] The mass ratio of loaded nano-selenium, water, and nano-collagen is 1:6:0.3.

[0062] The ultrasonic oscillation treatment conditions were: 300W ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 2 hours.

[0063] The nano collagen is prepared by the following method: first, fish skin is cleaned and crushed, and then immersed in a 0.5 mol / L acetic acid solution with a volume of 6 times its weight, stirred at room temperature for 18 hours, adjusted to pH 7 with a 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, and stirred for 2 hours. The mixture is centrifuged at 10,000 r / min for 30 minutes at 0°C to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate is then dissolved in purified water with a volume of 6 times its weight, dialyzed for 40 hours, dried, and ground to a particle size of less than 1 μm.

[0064] In step (3), the amino acid premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 parts of L-methionine, 0.5 parts of threonine, 0.4 parts of tryptophan, 0.4 parts of arginine, and 0.3 parts of lysine.

[0065] The vitamin premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 part of vitamin A, 0.05 part of vitamin D, 0.4 part of vitamin E, 0.03 part of vitamin K3, 0.05 part of vitamin B1, 0.08 part of vitamin B2, 0.08 part of vitamin B6, and 0.1 part of vitamin B 12 0.02 parts, niacinamide 0.4 parts, folic acid 0.05 parts, pantothenic acid 0.2 parts, biotin 0.05 parts.

[0066] The trace element premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 parts of glycinate iron, 0.2 parts of glycinate copper, 0.2 parts of glycinate zinc, 0.1 parts of yeast manganese, and 0.1 parts of cobalt chloride.

[0067] The complex enzyme is obtained by mixing beta-glucanase, pectinase, cellulase, neutral protease and the like.

[0068] Example 2:

[0069] A method for preparing pig feed containing nano-selenium, the specific steps are as follows:

[0070] (1) mixing a nano-selenium dispersion with a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixture to obtain a spinning solution, and electrospinning to obtain a nano-selenium composite fiber;

[0071] (2) uniformly mixing the nano-selenium dispersion with the chitosan-algae polyphenol mixture and the starch aqueous dispersion, adding sodium trimetaphosphate, stirring and mixing to obtain an aqueous phase; preparing a Tween 80 soybean oil solution as an oil phase; mixing the aqueous phase and the oil phase, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing, and obtaining loaded nano-selenium; ultrasonically dispersing the loaded nano-selenium in water, adding nano-collagen, ultrasonically oscillating, and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate to obtain protein-modified loaded nano-selenium;

[0072] (3) The following components were mixed and prepared to obtain pig feed: 100 kg corn, 30 kg soybean meal, 3 kg fermented soybean meal, 3 kg puffed soybeans, 10 kg whey powder, 2 kg amino acid premix, 1 kg calcium citrate, 1 kg calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 kg vitamin premix, 0.5 kg trace element premix, 1 kg complex enzyme, 0.5 kg nano-selenium composite fiber, and 0.5 kg protein-modified loaded nano-selenium.

[0073] Wherein, in step (1) and step (2), the nano-selenium dispersion is obtained by reducing sodium selenite with ascorbic acid; the specific steps are as follows: sodium selenite is stirred and dissolved in deionized water to obtain a 5mmol / L sodium selenite solution, 0.01mol / L hydrochloric acid solution is used to adjust the pH to 4, 20mmol / L ascorbic acid solution is added dropwise while stirring, and after the addition is completed, the mixture is stirred at room temperature (25°C) for 3 hours to obtain the nano-selenium dispersion; wherein the molar ratio of sodium selenite contained in the sodium selenite solution to ascorbic acid contained in the ascorbic acid solution is 1:2.

[0074] In step (1), the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixed solution is prepared by the following method: first, polyvinyl alcohol is added to 10 times its weight of water, and stirred at 90°C until it is completely dissolved to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution; then, sodium alginate is added to 10 times its weight of water, and stirred at room temperature until it is completely dissolved to obtain a sodium alginate solution; then, the polyvinyl alcohol solution and the sodium alginate solution are mixed in equal volumes and stirred evenly to obtain the product.

[0075] The nano-selenium dispersion liquid and the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixed liquid are mixed evenly, so that the mass concentration of the nano-selenium is 8%.

[0076] The electrospinning conditions were: 20 mL syringe, voltage 25 kV, collection distance 18 cm, and injection speed 0.05 mm / min.

[0077] In step (2), the chitosan-fucose polyphenols mixture is prepared by stirring and dissolving chitosan in a 1% acetic acid solution to obtain a 1% chitosan solution; then adding fucose polyphenols to the chitosan solution and stirring until completely dissolved, such that the molar ratio of chitosan to fucose polyphenols is 1:1, thereby obtaining the chitosan-fucose polyphenols mixture. The chitosan has a degree of deacetylation of ≥85% and a molecular weight of 80 to 100 kDa.

[0078] The starch aqueous dispersion is obtained by stirring and dispersing corn starch in water 40 times the weight of corn starch.

[0079] The molar ratio of nano-selenium contained in the nano-selenium dispersion, chitosan contained in the chitosan-brown algae polyphenol mixture, and starch contained in the starch dispersion is 1:1:1, and the mass concentration of sodium trimetaphosphate in the aqueous phase is 3%.

[0080] The pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 7.5 using 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution.

[0081] The soybean oil solution of Tween 80 is obtained by mixing Tween 80 and soybean oil in a mass ratio of 1:10.

[0082] The volume ratio of the water phase to the oil phase is 1:10.

[0083] The mixing and stirring conditions of the aqueous phase and the oil phase are: 45°C, 600 r / min and 6 hours.

[0084] The washing was carried out in sequence using acetone, petroleum ether and deionized water for three times each.

[0085] The mass ratio of loaded nano-selenium, water, and nano-collagen is 1:7:0.4.

[0086] The ultrasonic oscillation treatment conditions were: 400W ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 3 hours.

[0087] The nano collagen is prepared by the following method: first, fish skin is cleaned and crushed, and then immersed in a 0.5 mol / L acetic acid solution with a volume of 7 times its weight, stirred at room temperature for 20 hours, adjusted to pH 7.5 with a 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, and stirred for 3 hours. The mixture is centrifuged at 12,000 r / min for 40 minutes at 2°C to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate is then dissolved in purified water with a volume of 7 times its weight, dialyzed for 42 hours, dried, and ground to a particle size of less than 1 μm.

[0088] In step (3), the amino acid premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 parts of L-methionine, 0.5 parts of threonine, 0.4 parts of tryptophan, 0.4 parts of arginine, and 0.3 parts of lysine.

[0089] The vitamin premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 part of vitamin A, 0.05 part of vitamin D, 0.4 part of vitamin E, 0.03 part of vitamin K3, 0.05 part of vitamin B1, 0.08 part of vitamin B2, 0.08 part of vitamin B6, and 0.1 part of vitamin B 12 0.02 parts, niacinamide 0.4 parts, folic acid 0.05 parts, pantothenic acid 0.2 parts, biotin 0.05 parts.

[0090] The trace element premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 parts of glycinate iron, 0.2 parts of glycinate copper, 0.2 parts of glycinate zinc, 0.1 parts of yeast manganese, and 0.1 parts of cobalt chloride.

[0091] The complex enzyme is obtained by mixing beta-glucanase, pectinase, cellulase, neutral protease and the like.

[0092] Example 3:

[0093] A method for preparing pig feed containing nano-selenium, the specific steps are as follows:

[0094] (1) mixing a nano-selenium dispersion with a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixture to obtain a spinning solution, and electrospinning to obtain a nano-selenium composite fiber;

[0095] (2) uniformly mixing the nano-selenium dispersion with the chitosan-algae polyphenol mixture and the starch aqueous dispersion, adding sodium trimetaphosphate, stirring and mixing to obtain an aqueous phase; preparing a Tween 80 soybean oil solution as an oil phase; mixing the aqueous phase and the oil phase, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing, and obtaining loaded nano-selenium; ultrasonically dispersing the loaded nano-selenium in water, adding nano-collagen, ultrasonically oscillating, and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate to obtain protein-modified loaded nano-selenium;

[0096] (3) The following components were mixed and prepared to obtain pig feed: 90 kg corn, 25 kg soybean meal, 2.5 kg fermented soybean meal, 2.5 kg puffed soybeans, 9 kg whey powder, 1.5 kg amino acid premix, 0.9 kg calcium citrate, 0.9 kg calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.09 kg vitamin premix, 0.4 kg trace element premix, 0.9 kg complex enzyme, 0.4 kg nano-selenium composite fiber, and 0.4 kg protein-modified loaded nano-selenium.

[0097] Wherein, in step (1) and step (2), the nano-selenium dispersion is obtained by reducing sodium selenite with ascorbic acid; the specific steps are as follows: sodium selenite is stirred and dissolved in deionized water to obtain a 5mmol / L sodium selenite solution, 0.01mol / L hydrochloric acid solution is used to adjust the pH to 4, 20mmol / L ascorbic acid solution is added dropwise while stirring, and after the addition is completed, the mixture is stirred at room temperature (25°C) for 2 hours to obtain the nano-selenium dispersion; wherein the molar ratio of sodium selenite contained in the sodium selenite solution to ascorbic acid contained in the ascorbic acid solution is 1:2.

[0098] In step (1), the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixed solution is prepared by the following method: first, polyvinyl alcohol is added to 9 times its weight of water, and stirred at 90°C until completely dissolved to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution; then, sodium alginate is added to 9 times its weight of water, and stirred at room temperature until completely dissolved to obtain a sodium alginate solution; then, the polyvinyl alcohol solution and the sodium alginate solution are mixed in equal volumes and stirred evenly to obtain the obtained product.

[0099] The nano-selenium dispersion liquid and the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixed liquid are mixed evenly, so that the mass concentration of the nano-selenium is 8%.

[0100] The electrospinning conditions were: 20 mL syringe, voltage 23 kV, collection distance 17 cm, and injection speed 0.05 mm / min.

[0101] In step (2), the chitosan-fucose polyphenols mixture is prepared by stirring and dissolving chitosan in a 1% acetic acid solution to obtain a 1% chitosan solution; then adding fucose polyphenols to the chitosan solution and stirring until completely dissolved, such that the molar ratio of chitosan to fucose polyphenols is 1:1, thereby obtaining the chitosan-fucose polyphenols mixture. The chitosan has a degree of deacetylation of ≥85% and a molecular weight of 80 to 100 kDa.

[0102] The starch aqueous dispersion is obtained by stirring and dispersing corn starch in water 35 times the weight of corn starch.

[0103] The molar ratio of nano-selenium contained in the nano-selenium dispersion, chitosan contained in the chitosan-brown algae polyphenol mixture, and starch contained in the starch dispersion is 1:1:1, and the mass concentration of sodium trimetaphosphate in the aqueous phase is 2.5%.

[0104] The pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 7.5 using 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution.

[0105] The soybean oil solution of Tween 80 is obtained by mixing Tween 80 and soybean oil in a mass ratio of 1:9.

[0106] The volume ratio of the water phase to the oil phase is 1:9.

[0107] The mixing and stirring conditions of the aqueous phase and the oil phase are: 42°C, 550 r / min, and 5 hours.

[0108] The washing was carried out in sequence using acetone, petroleum ether and deionized water, each for 2 times.

[0109] The mass ratio of loaded nano-selenium, water, and nano-collagen is 1:6.5:0.35.

[0110] The ultrasonic oscillation treatment conditions were: 400W ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 2 hours.

[0111] The nano collagen is prepared by the following method: first, fish skin is washed and crushed, and immersed in a 0.5 mol / L acetic acid solution with a weight of 7 times the fish skin, stirred at room temperature for 19 hours, adjusted to pH 7.5 with a 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 2 hours, centrifuged at 11000 r / min for 35 minutes at 2°C to obtain a precipitate; then, the precipitate is dissolved with purified water with a weight of 6 times the fish skin, dialyzed for 41 hours, dried, and ground to a particle size of less than 1 μm.

[0112] In step (3), the amino acid premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 parts of L-methionine, 0.5 parts of threonine, 0.4 parts of tryptophan, 0.4 parts of arginine, and 0.3 parts of lysine.

[0113] The vitamin premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 part of vitamin A, 0.05 part of vitamin D, 0.4 part of vitamin E, 0.03 part of vitamin K3, 0.05 part of vitamin B1, 0.08 part of vitamin B2, 0.08 part of vitamin B6, and 0.1 part of vitamin B 12 0.02 parts, niacinamide 0.4 parts, folic acid 0.05 parts, pantothenic acid 0.2 parts, biotin 0.05 parts.

[0114] The trace element premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 parts of glycinate iron, 0.2 parts of glycinate copper, 0.2 parts of glycinate zinc, 0.1 parts of yeast manganese, and 0.1 parts of cobalt chloride.

[0115] The complex enzyme is obtained by mixing beta-glucanase, pectinase, cellulase, neutral protease and the like.

[0116] Comparative Example 1

[0117] A method for preparing pig feed containing nano-selenium, the specific steps are as follows:

[0118] (1) Mixing the nano-selenium dispersion with the chitosan-algae polyphenol mixture and the starch aqueous dispersion, adding sodium trimetaphosphate, stirring and mixing to obtain an aqueous phase; preparing a Tween 80 soybean oil solution as an oil phase; mixing the aqueous phase and the oil phase, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing, and obtaining loaded nano-selenium; then ultrasonically dispersing the loaded nano-selenium in water, adding nano-collagen, ultrasonically oscillating, and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate to obtain protein-modified loaded nano-selenium;

[0119] (2) Pig feed was prepared by mixing the following components: 80 kg corn, 20 kg soybean meal, 2 kg fermented soybean meal, 2 kg puffed soybeans, 8 kg whey powder, 1 kg amino acid premix, 0.8 kg calcium citrate, 0.8 kg calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08 kg vitamin premix, 0.3 kg trace element premix, 0.8 kg complex enzyme, and 0.3 kg protein-modified loaded nano-selenium.

[0120] Wherein, in step (1), the nano-selenium dispersion is obtained by reducing sodium selenite with ascorbic acid; the specific steps are as follows: sodium selenite is stirred and dissolved in deionized water to obtain a 5mmol / L sodium selenite solution, 0.01mol / L hydrochloric acid solution is used to adjust the pH to 4, 20mmol / L ascorbic acid solution is added dropwise while stirring, and after the addition is completed, it is stirred at room temperature (25°C) for 2 hours to obtain the nano-selenium dispersion; wherein the molar ratio of sodium selenite contained in the sodium selenite solution to ascorbic acid contained in the ascorbic acid solution is 1:2.

[0121] The chitosan-fucoidan mixed solution is prepared by stirring and dissolving chitosan in a 1% acetic acid solution to obtain a 1% chitosan solution; then adding fucoidan to the chitosan solution and stirring until completely dissolved, such that the chitosan-fucoidan molar ratio is 1:1, thereby obtaining the chitosan-fucoidan mixed solution. The chitosan has a degree of deacetylation of ≥85% and a molecular weight of 80 to 100 kDa.

[0122] The starch aqueous dispersion is obtained by stirring and dispersing corn starch in water 30 times the weight of corn starch.

[0123] The molar ratio of nano-selenium contained in the nano-selenium dispersion, chitosan contained in the chitosan-brown algae polyphenol mixture, and starch contained in the starch dispersion is 1:1:1, and the mass concentration of sodium trimetaphosphate in the aqueous phase is 2%.

[0124] The pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 7.5 using 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution.

[0125] The soybean oil solution of Tween 80 is obtained by mixing Tween 80 and soybean oil in a mass ratio of 1:8.

[0126] The volume ratio of the water phase to the oil phase is 1:8.

[0127] The mixing and stirring conditions of the aqueous phase and the oil phase are: 40°C, 500 r / min and 5 hours.

[0128] The washing was carried out in sequence using acetone, petroleum ether and deionized water, each for 2 times.

[0129] The mass ratio of loaded nano-selenium, water, and nano-collagen is 1:6:0.3.

[0130] The ultrasonic oscillation treatment conditions were: 300W ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 2 hours.

[0131] The nano collagen is prepared by the following method: first, fish skin is cleaned and crushed, and then immersed in a 0.5 mol / L acetic acid solution with a volume of 6 times its weight, stirred at room temperature for 18 hours, adjusted to pH 7 with a 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, and stirred for 2 hours. The mixture is centrifuged at 10,000 r / min for 30 minutes at 0°C to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate is then dissolved in purified water with a volume of 6 times its weight, dialyzed for 40 hours, dried, and ground to a particle size of less than 1 μm.

[0132] In step (2), the amino acid premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 parts of L-methionine, 0.5 parts of threonine, 0.4 parts of tryptophan, 0.4 parts of arginine, and 0.3 parts of lysine.

[0133] The vitamin premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 part of vitamin A, 0.05 part of vitamin D, 0.4 part of vitamin E, 0.03 part of vitamin K3, 0.05 part of vitamin B1, 0.08 part of vitamin B2, 0.08 part of vitamin B6, and 0.1 part of vitamin B 12 0.02 parts, niacinamide 0.4 parts, folic acid 0.05 parts, pantothenic acid 0.2 parts, biotin 0.05 parts.

[0134] The trace element premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 parts of glycinate iron, 0.2 parts of glycinate copper, 0.2 parts of glycinate zinc, 0.1 parts of yeast manganese, and 0.1 parts of cobalt chloride.

[0135] The complex enzyme is obtained by mixing beta-glucanase, pectinase, cellulase, neutral protease and the like.

[0136] Comparative Example 2

[0137] A method for preparing pig feed containing nano-selenium, the specific steps are as follows:

[0138] (1) mixing a nano-selenium dispersion with a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixture to obtain a spinning solution, and electrospinning to obtain a nano-selenium composite fiber;

[0139] (2) Pig feed was prepared by mixing the following components: 80 kg corn, 20 kg soybean meal, 2 kg fermented soybean meal, 2 kg puffed soybeans, 8 kg whey powder, 1 kg amino acid premix, 0.8 kg calcium citrate, 0.8 kg calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08 kg vitamin premix, 0.3 kg trace element premix, 0.8 kg complex enzyme, and 0.3 kg nano-selenium composite fiber.

[0140] Wherein, in step (1), the nano-selenium dispersion is obtained by reducing sodium selenite with ascorbic acid; the specific steps are as follows: sodium selenite is stirred and dissolved in deionized water to obtain a 5mmol / L sodium selenite solution, 0.01mol / L hydrochloric acid solution is used to adjust the pH to 4, 20mmol / L ascorbic acid solution is added dropwise while stirring, and after the addition is completed, it is stirred at room temperature (25°C) for 2 hours to obtain the nano-selenium dispersion; wherein the molar ratio of sodium selenite contained in the sodium selenite solution to ascorbic acid contained in the ascorbic acid solution is 1:2.

[0141] The polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixed liquid is prepared by the following method: first, polyvinyl alcohol is added to water 8 times its weight, and stirred at 90° C. until completely dissolved to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution; then, sodium alginate is added to water 8 times its weight, and stirred at room temperature until completely dissolved to obtain a sodium alginate solution; and then, the polyvinyl alcohol solution and the sodium alginate solution are mixed in equal volumes and stirred evenly to obtain the mixed liquid.

[0142] The nano-selenium dispersion liquid and the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixed liquid are mixed evenly, so that the mass concentration of the nano-selenium is 8%.

[0143] The electrospinning conditions were: 20 mL syringe, voltage 20 kV, collection distance 17 cm, and injection speed 0.04 mm / min.

[0144] In step (2), the amino acid premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 parts of L-methionine, 0.5 parts of threonine, 0.4 parts of tryptophan, 0.4 parts of arginine, and 0.3 parts of lysine.

[0145] The vitamin premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 part of vitamin A, 0.05 part of vitamin D, 0.4 part of vitamin E, 0.03 part of vitamin K3, 0.05 part of vitamin B1, 0.08 part of vitamin B2, 0.08 part of vitamin B6, and 0.1 part of vitamin B 12 0.02 parts, niacinamide 0.4 parts, folic acid 0.05 parts, pantothenic acid 0.2 parts, biotin 0.05 parts.

[0146] The trace element premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 parts of glycinate iron, 0.2 parts of glycinate copper, 0.2 parts of glycinate zinc, 0.1 parts of yeast manganese, and 0.1 parts of cobalt chloride.

[0147] The complex enzyme is obtained by mixing beta-glucanase, pectinase, cellulase, neutral protease and the like.

[0148] Comparative Example 3

[0149] A method for preparing pig feed containing nano-selenium is provided. The method comprises mixing the following components: 80 kg of corn, 20 kg of soybean meal, 2 kg of fermented soybean meal, 2 kg of puffed soybeans, 8 kg of whey powder, 1 kg of amino acid premix, 0.8 kg of calcium citrate, 0.8 kg of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08 kg of vitamin premix, 0.3 kg of trace element premix, 0.8 kg of complex enzyme, and 0.6 kg of nano-selenium.

[0150] The nano-selenium is obtained by reducing sodium selenite with ascorbic acid. The specific steps are as follows: sodium selenite is stirred and dissolved in deionized water to obtain a 5mmol / L sodium selenite solution, the pH is adjusted to 4 with a 0.01mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, and a 20mmol / L ascorbic acid solution is added dropwise while stirring. After the addition is completed, the solution is stirred at room temperature (25°C) for 2 hours and dried to obtain the nano-selenium. The molar ratio of sodium selenite in the sodium selenite solution to ascorbic acid in the ascorbic acid solution is 1:2.

[0151] Test example

[0152] The feeds obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were used to feed piglets (Large White pigs). A total of 240 piglets, 22-25 days old, of similar weight, of the same sex, and weaned in the same batch, were selected and divided equally into six groups. They were provided with free access to water, automatic feed troughs, and routine hygiene and disinfection procedures. The piglets were fed for one month, and their growth was then observed. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0153] Table 1. Piglet growth

[0154] Average daily weight gain (g / d) Diarrhea (head) Death (Head) Example 1 687.3 0 0 Example 2 687.8 0 0 Example 3 688.6 0 0 Comparative Example 1 622.3 2 0 Comparative Example 2 620.1 3 0 Comparative Example 3 550.6 8 2

[0155] As shown in Table 1, the feeds of Examples 1 to 3 can promote the growth of piglets without causing diarrhea or death.

[0156] In Comparative Example 1, the nano-selenium composite fiber was omitted, the protein-modified loaded nano-selenium was omitted, and in Comparative Example 3, ordinary chemically synthesized nano-selenium was used to replace the nano-selenium composite fiber and protein-modified loaded nano-selenium. The average daily weight gain of the piglets was significantly reduced, and diarrhea or piglet death occurred, indicating that the special addition form of nano-selenium in the present invention is more conducive to the growth of piglets.

[0157] Although the above describes the specific implementation methods of the present invention, it does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Based on the technical solution of the present invention, various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing pig feed containing nano-selenium, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: (1) mixing a nano-selenium dispersion with a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixture to obtain a spinning solution, and electrospinning to obtain a nano-selenium composite fiber; (2) uniformly mixing the nano-selenium dispersion with the chitosan-algae polyphenol mixture and the starch aqueous dispersion, adding sodium trimetaphosphate, stirring and mixing to obtain an aqueous phase; preparing a Tween 80 soybean oil solution as an oil phase; mixing the aqueous phase and the oil phase, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing, and obtaining loaded nano-selenium; ultrasonically dispersing the loaded nano-selenium in water, adding nano-collagen, ultrasonically oscillating, and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate to obtain protein-modified loaded nano-selenium; (3) The following components in parts by weight are mixed and prepared to obtain pig feed: 80-100 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 2-3 parts of fermented soybean meal, 2-3 parts of puffed soybeans, 8-10 parts of whey powder, 1-2 parts of amino acid premix, 0.8-1 part of calcium citrate, 0.8-1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08-0.1 part of vitamin premix, 0.3-0.5 part of trace element premix, 0.8-1 part of complex enzyme, 0.3-0.5 part of nano-selenium composite fiber, and 0.3-0.5 part of protein-modified loaded nano-selenium.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (1) and step (2), the nano-selenium dispersion is obtained by reducing sodium selenite with ascorbic acid.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (1), the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate mixed solution is prepared by the following method: first, polyvinyl alcohol is added to 8 to 10 times the weight of water, and stirred at 90°C until completely dissolved to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution; then, sodium alginate is added to 8 to 10 times the weight of water, and stirred at room temperature until completely dissolved to obtain a sodium alginate solution; then, the polyvinyl alcohol solution and the sodium alginate solution are mixed in equal volumes and stirred evenly to obtain the obtained solution.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (2), the chitosan-fucose polyphenols mixed solution is prepared by the following method: stirring and dissolving chitosan in a 1% mass concentration acetic acid solution to obtain a chitosan solution with a mass concentration of 1%, then adding fucose polyphenols to the chitosan solution and stirring until completely dissolved, so that the molar ratio of chitosan to fucose polyphenols is 1:1, thereby obtaining a chitosan-fucose polyphenols mixed solution.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (2), the nano collagen is prepared by the following method: first, the fish skin is cleaned and crushed, and immersed in a 0.5 mol / L acetic acid solution of 6 to 7 times its weight, stirred at room temperature for 18 to 20 hours, adjusted to pH 7 to 7.5 with 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, and continued to stir for 2 to 3 hours, and centrifuged at 10,000 to 12,000 r / min for 30 to 40 minutes at 0 to 2° C. to obtain a precipitate; then, the precipitate is dissolved in purified water of 6 to 7 times its weight and dialyzed for 40 to 42 hours, dried, and ground to a particle size of less than 1 μm.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (3), the amino acid premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 parts of L-methionine, 0.5 parts of threonine, 0.4 parts of tryptophan, 0.4 parts of arginine, and 0.3 parts of lysine.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (3), the vitamin premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 part of vitamin A, 0.05 part of vitamin D, 0.4 part of vitamin E, 0.03 part of vitamin K3, 0.05 part of vitamin B1, 0.08 part of vitamin B2, 0.08 part of vitamin B6, 0.08 part of vitamin B 12 0.02 parts, niacinamide 0.4 parts, folic acid 0.05 parts, pantothenic acid 0.2 parts, biotin 0.05 parts.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (3), the trace element premix is obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 parts of glycinate iron, 0.2 parts of glycinate copper, 0.2 parts of glycinate zinc, 0.1 parts of yeast manganese, and 0.1 parts of cobalt chloride.

9. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (3), the complex enzyme is obtained by mixing β-glucanase, pectinase, cellulase, neutral protease and the like.

10. A pig feed containing nano-selenium, characterized in that: The invention is obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.