A method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automatic sandblasting and aging

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic aluminum profile preparation, in particular to a method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles through automatic sand blasting and aging. First, raw materials are smelted, cast and extruded to obtain aluminum alloy profiles; then the aluminum alloy profiles are continuously sent into a sand blasting machine on an automatic production line for sand blasting treatment, wherein the sand discharging amount of a lower shot blasting machine is greater than that of an upper shot blasting machine; then the aluminum alloy profiles after sand blasting treatment are vertically hung on a discharging machine and sent into an air vertical aging furnace for aging treatment; finally, the aluminum alloy profiles after aging treatment are continuously hung on an automatic conveying system for anodic oxidation treatment to obtain photovoltaic aluminum profiles. The method of sand blasting and aging enhances the aluminum alloy grain structure distortion energy, better improves the material surface strength in the subsequent aging process, improves the sand blasting effect, forms a uniform and dense sand surface and improves the corrosion resistance, and is convenient for realizing high automation and effectively reducing the production cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic aluminum profile preparation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profile through automatic sand blasting and then aging. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, with the global attention to clean energy, photovoltaic as a kind of clean energy has been widely concerned. With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, photovoltaic aluminum profiles, as the main material of the frame and support of photovoltaic modules, have increasing market demand. Aluminum profiles have the characteristics of light weight, strong corrosion resistance, easy forming, high strength, easy cutting and processing, and recyclability, and are widely used in the solar energy industry.

[0003] In the production process of aluminum profiles, the traditional process is melting-casting-extrusion-aging-surface treatment. Surface treatment usually has sand blasting, anodic oxidation and other means. For example, Chinese patent CN102931273A discloses a processing method of a solar frame. The mold is heated, and the aluminum bar is also heated. The aluminum bar is put into the mold for extrusion forming. The extrusion formed aluminum material is subjected to aging process. The surface of the aged aluminum material is subjected to sand blasting and oxidation. The oxidized aluminum material is ground to obtain the final frame. The method has simple steps, and the processed frame has light weight, good strength and corrosion resistance. Chinese patent CN113073239A discloses a solar photovoltaic frame support aluminum alloy material and a manufacturing method. The aluminum bar with stable performance is formed through alloying-melting-casting-homogenization heat treatment-extrusion. The high-temperature solid solution effect in the extrusion forming process is used to form a supersaturated solid solution through online quenching and rapid cooling. Subsequently, aging and hardening treatment is performed to achieve strengthening effect. Finally, high-strength, easy-to-extrude and beautiful appearance solar photovoltaic frame support is produced through sand blasting and anodic oxidation. However, the aluminum profile will form a high-temperature oxidation film on the surface during the aging process, which will reduce the adhesion of sand blasting, and thus increase the sand blasting amount, resulting in low production efficiency and sand blasting quality, more pollution and waste, and the traditional sand blasting after aging cannot realize high automation because the profile needs to be taken off the production line (automatic production line), assembled and disassembled, and then put on the production line for sand blasting.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop an aluminum profile preparation method with high automation, better green environmental protection and better strength and corrosion resistance. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profile through automatic sand blasting and then aging, and the specific scheme is as follows.

[0006] The method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profile through automatic sand blasting and then aging comprises the following steps.

[0007] Step 1: the metal is fed according to the composition ratio, and the smelting is carried out by furnace temperature rising to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid, which is transported to a pouring mold tray for pouring to obtain an aluminum bar; the transmission system of the automatic production line transports the aluminum bar to a bar furnace for heating, and then the aluminum bar is automatically sawn into short bars and transported to an extrusion cylinder for extrusion to obtain an aluminum alloy profile;

[0008] Step 2: the aluminum alloy profile is continuously sent into a sand blasting machine for sand blasting treatment by using the transmission system of the automatic production line, and the specific process parameters of the sand blasting process are as follows: the sand blasting frequency of the upper thrower is 32-36 Hz, the sand blasting frequency of the lower thrower is 30-34 Hz, and the sand discharge amount of the thrower is 400-600 g / s, wherein the sand discharge amount of the lower thrower is greater than that of the upper thrower;

[0009] Step 3: the aluminum alloy profile after sand blasting treatment is subjected to aging treatment, the aging temperature is 180-190℃, the aging time is 2.5-3.5h, the aluminum alloy profile is heated to the furnace temperature within 10 min, and is naturally air-cooled during the discharging process;

[0010] Step 4: the aluminum alloy profile after aging treatment in step 3 is continuously hung on the transmission system for anodic oxidation treatment to obtain a photovoltaic aluminum profile.

[0011] Further, in step 3, the aluminum alloy profile after sand blasting treatment is vertically hung by using a turnover machine, is entered from the bottom inlet of an air vertical aging furnace upward, is subjected to aging treatment, is discharged from the bottom outlet of the air vertical aging furnace downward, and is naturally air-cooled during the discharging process.

[0012] Further, in step 1, the process parameters of the smelting process are as follows: the smelting temperature is 720-750℃, the smelting time is 8-12h, then one-time slagging is carried out, after one-time slagging, refining is carried out at 720-750℃, the refining time is 0.5-1.5h, and the refining agent is added twice during the refining process.

[0013] Further, in step 1, the process parameters of the pouring process are as follows: the pouring temperature is 720-750℃, the pouring speed is 100-120 mm / min, the online degassing temperature is 700-730℃, and the cooling water flow rate is 400-500 m / h.

[0014] Further, in step 1, the process parameters of the extrusion process are as follows: the bar furnace heating temperature is greater than 450℃, the extrusion cylinder temperature is 380-420℃, the extrusion rod speed is 5-8 mm / s, and the quenching temperature is 520-550℃, and the quenching temperature is 520-550℃.

[0015] Further, in step 4, the anodic oxidation process is as follows:

[0016] Step 1: First, immerse the aluminum alloy profile vertically in a H2SO4 solution, the concentration of H2SO4 is 150-220 g / L, the time is 1-5 min, and after taking out, carry out normal temperature gradient pickling twice with pickling water with pH from small to large, preferably using pickling water with pH 2-4 and pH 4-6 in turn;

[0017] Step 2: Then immerse in a NaOH solution, the concentration of NaOH solution is 30-60 g / L, the temperature of NaOH solution is 30-60℃, the concentration of Al 3+ ≤65 g / L is maintained during the process, preferably the concentration of Al 3+ is controlled at 20-50 g / L, and the soaking time is 1-5 min; after taking out, carry out normal temperature alkaline liquor spraying-water washing, preferably the pH of alkaline liquor is 7-11, and the water washing is tap water;

[0018] Step 3: Then immerse in a H2SO4 solution, the concentration of H2SO4 is 150-220 g / L, the time is 1-5 min, and after taking out, carry out pickling, preferably using pickling water with pH 2-4 and pH 4-6 in turn;

[0019] Step 4: Then carry out anodic oxidation, the electrolyte is a H2SO4 solution with a concentration of 150-220 g / L, the concentration of Al 3+ ≤18 g / L is controlled, the current density is 1.2-1.6 A / dm 2 , and after taking out, carry out gradient pickling with pickling water with pH from small to large, preferably using pickling water with pH 2-4, pH 4-6 and pH 6-7 in turn;

[0020] Step 5: Finally, carry out sealing, the sealing agent is a medium-temperature sealing agent, the concentration of Ni 2+ is 0.8-1.3 g / L, the pH value is controlled at 5.3-5.8, the temperature is 58-62℃, the time is 10-24 min, and then carry out normal temperature water washing twice and hot water washing once.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0022] (1) The present application optimizes the preparation process of aluminum profile: first sandblasting, then aging, and finally anodic oxidation treatment. The first sandblasting can enhance the grain structure distortion energy of aluminum alloy, and the subsequent aging process can better improve the surface strength of the material. The Vickers hardness of the aluminum profile after sandblasting-aging is increased by 10% compared with the original aging-sandblasting process, and the sealing effect after anodic oxidation is also more excellent. At the same time, the first sandblasting avoids the defects such as decreased adhesion of sandblasting, increased sandblasting amount, etc. caused by high-temperature oxidation film generated during the aging process, which can better improve the sandblasting effect, improve the problem of hard material surface hardness, more easily form a uniform and dense sand surface, obtain a more excellent and beautiful profile surface, and improve the corrosion resistance, while less pollution and waste are generated;

[0023] (2) In addition, the preparation process of the present application can realize high automation: the extruded aluminum alloy profile can be directly cut on the production line and sent to the sand blasting machine, and after sand blasting, the profile is hung on the turnover machine, vertically enters and exits the aging furnace, and continues to be transported on the production line to the anodizing tank for vertical soaking treatment. On the one hand, it avoids the difficult-to-automate frame loading and unloading process when using traditional horizontal aging furnace, and on the other hand, when aging first and then sand blasting, the profile surface is prone to scratches due to unstable frame loading and unloading or movement process before and after aging, which requires picking out the scratched products for further sand blasting and subsequent processes, greatly reducing the efficiency and automation degree. When sand blasting first and then aging, the profile has formed a sand surface and the vertical aging furnace does not need to load and unload the frame, so it is not easy to scratch during the aging process and does not need to pick out the scratched products, improving the automation degree, improving the production efficiency and yield, and effectively reducing the production cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] The embodiments of the present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0025] Figure 1 A process flow diagram of the present method is shown;

[0026] Figure 2 A test diagram of the acid mist corrosion resistance of the photovoltaic aluminum alloy frame product of Example 1 is shown;

[0027] Figure 3 A test diagram of the acid mist corrosion resistance of the photovoltaic aluminum alloy frame product of Example 2 is shown;

[0028] Figure 4 A test diagram of the acid mist corrosion resistance of the photovoltaic aluminum alloy frame product of Example 3 is shown;

[0029] Figure 5 A test diagram of the acid mist corrosion resistance of the photovoltaic aluminum alloy frame product of Comparative Example 1 is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings through specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0031] An automatic sand blasting and aging method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles, as shown in FIG. 1, includes the following steps: Figure 1

[0032] ​Step 1: the metals are fed according to the composition ratio, and smelting is performed with the furnace temperature rising. The process parameters of the smelting process are as follows: the smelting temperature is 720-750℃, the smelting time is 8-12h, and then the first slagging is performed. After the first slagging, the refining is performed at 720-750℃, and the refining time is 0.5-1.5h. The refining agent is added twice during the refining process, and the aluminum alloy liquid is obtained;

[0033] The aluminum alloy liquid is transported to the pouring mold tray through the flow tank for pouring. The process parameters of the pouring process are as follows: the pouring temperature is 720-750℃, the pouring speed is 100-120mm / min, the online degassing temperature is 700-730℃, and the cooling water flow rate is 400-500m / h, and the aluminum bar is obtained;

[0034] The transmission system of the automatic production line transports the aluminum bar to the bar furnace for heating, and then automatically cuts the aluminum bar into short bars and transports the short bars to the extrusion cylinder for extrusion. The process parameters of the extrusion process are as follows: the bar furnace heating temperature is greater than 450℃, the extrusion cylinder temperature is 380-420℃, the extrusion rod speed is 5-8mm / s, and the quenching temperature is 520-550℃. After quenching, the air cooling temperature is reduced to below 200℃, and the aluminum alloy profile is obtained;

[0035] Step 2: the transmission system of the automatic production line continuously sends the aluminum alloy profile into the sand blasting machine for sand blasting treatment. The specific process parameters of the sand blasting process are as follows: the sand blasting frequency of the upper thrower is 32-36Hz, the sand blasting frequency of the lower thrower is 30-34Hz, and the sand discharge amount of the thrower is 400-600g / s, wherein the sand discharge amount of the lower thrower is greater than that of the upper thrower;

[0036] Step 3: the aluminum alloy profile treated by sand blasting is vertically hung by the turnover machine, enters from the bottom inlet of the air vertical aging furnace, and is subjected to aging treatment. The aluminum alloy profile is heated to the furnace temperature within 10min, the aging temperature is 180-190℃, the aging time is 2.5-3.5h, and the aluminum alloy profile is discharged from the bottom outlet of the air vertical aging furnace. During the discharging process, the aluminum alloy profile is naturally air cooled;

[0037] Step 4: the aluminum alloy profile treated by aging in step 3 is continuously hung on the transmission system of the automatic production line for anodic oxidation treatment. The anodic oxidation process is as follows:

[0038] (1) first, the aluminum alloy profile is vertically immersed in an H2SO4 solution with a concentration of 150-220g / L for 1-5min. After taking out, the pH is gradually increased by two times of room temperature gradient pickling, and the pickling water with pH 2-4 and pH 4-6 is preferably used in sequence;

[0039] (2) then, the aluminum alloy profile is immersed in a NaOH solution with a concentration of 30-60g / L and a temperature of 30-60℃. During the process, the Al3+ ≤65g / L, preferably Al 3+ The concentration of H2SO4 is controlled at 20-50 g / L, and the soaking time is 1-5 min; after taking out, normal-temperature alkaline liquid spraying-water washing is performed, preferably with alkaline liquid pH 7-11, and the water washing is tap water;

[0040] (3) soaking in H2SO4 solution again, the concentration of H2SO4 is 150-220 g / L, and the time is 1-5 min, and after taking out, acid washing is performed, preferably using washing water with pH 2-4 and pH 4-6 in sequence;

[0041] (4) anodic oxidation is performed again, and the electrolyte is 150-220 g / L H2SO4 solution in the process, Al 3+ ≤18 g / L, and the current density is 1.2-1.6 A / dm 2 After taking out, gradient acid washing is performed from low pH to high pH, preferably using washing water with pH 2-4, pH 4-6 and pH 6-7 in sequence;

[0042] (5) finally, sealing is performed, and the sealing agent is a medium-temperature sealing agent, Ni 2+ The concentration is 0.8-1.3 g / L, the pH value is controlled at 5.3-5.8, the temperature is 58-62℃, the time is 10-24 min, and after taking out, normal-temperature water washing is performed twice and hot water washing is performed once.

[0043] Finally, photovoltaic aluminum profiles for photovoltaic frames are obtained, and the above-mentioned step uses the aging furnace disclosed in the patent CN118421892A “Airborne online vertical aging furnace” and the turnover machine disclosed in the patent CN212608011U “Feeding turnover machine”.

[0044] Embodiment 1:

[0045] A method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automatic sandblasting and aging, comprising the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: the metal is fed according to the composition ratio of the national standard 6005 aluminum alloy, and the furnace is heated for melting, the melting temperature is 750℃, the melting time is 10h, and then the first slagging is performed, and after the first slagging, the refining is performed at 750℃, the refining time is 1h, and the refining agent is added twice during the refining process, to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid;

[0047] The aluminum alloy liquid is conveyed to the pouring mold tray through the flow channel for pouring, the pouring temperature is 750℃, the pouring speed is 120mm / min, the online degassing temperature is 720℃, and the cooling water flow rate is 400m / h, to obtain an aluminum rod;

[0048] The transmission system of the automatic production line transports the aluminum bar to the bar furnace, heats it at 460℃, automatically saws it into short bars, and transports it to the extrusion cylinder for extrusion, with the extrusion cylinder temperature being 400℃, the extrusion rod speed being 6mm / s, and the quenching temperature being 550℃, and after quenching, air cooling is performed to reduce the temperature to below 200℃, thereby obtaining the aluminum alloy profile;

[0049] Step 2: The aluminum alloy profile is continuously sent into the sand blasting machine for sand blasting treatment by using the transmission system of the automatic production line, the sand blasting frequency of the upper thrower is 34Hz, the sand blasting frequency of the lower thrower is 32Hz, the sand discharge amount of the lower thrower is 440g / s, and the sand discharge amount of the upper thrower is 420g / s, the sand blasting frequency of the upper thrower is higher than that of the lower thrower, and the sand discharge amount is less than that of the lower thrower;

[0050] Step 3: The aluminum alloy profile after sand blasting treatment is vertically hung by the turnover machine, enters the air vertical aging furnace from the bottom inlet upward, and is subjected to aging treatment, the aluminum alloy profile is heated to the furnace temperature within 10min, the aging temperature is 180-190℃, the aging time is 3h, and the aluminum alloy profile is taken out from the bottom outlet downward, and is naturally air cooled during the process of taking out;

[0051] Step 4: The aluminum alloy profile after aging treatment in step 3 is continuously hung on the automatic transmission system for anodic oxidation treatment, and the process is as follows:

[0052] (1): First, the aluminum alloy profile is vertically immersed in H2SO4 solution, the concentration of H2SO4 is 160g / L, and the time is 3min, and after taking out, it is washed with pH 2 and pH 4 washing water in turn;

[0053] (2): Then, it is immersed in NaOH solution, the concentration of NaOH solution is 30g / L, the temperature of NaOH solution is 45℃, and during the process, the concentration of Al 3+ is maintained at 30-40 g / L, when the concentration is high, partial tank liquid is replaced, and the soaking time is 3min; after taking out, normal temperature alkali liquid spraying (pH 10) - water washing (pH 7) is performed, and the time is 20s;

[0054] (3): Then, it is immersed in H2SO4 solution, the concentration of H2SO4 is 170g / L, and the time is 3min, and after taking out, it is washed with pH 2 and pH 4 washing water in turn;

[0055] (4): Anodic oxidation is performed again, the electrolyte is 165g / L H2SO4 solution during the process, the concentration of Al 3+ is controlled to be about 17 g / L, the current density is 1.3 A / dm 2 , and after taking out, gradient acid washing with pH from small to large (pH 2, pH 4, pH 6) is performed, the acid liquid is at normal temperature, and the washing time is 20s;

[0056] (5): Finally, the hole sealing is carried out, and the hole sealing agent is a medium-temperature hole sealing agent, Ni 2+ The concentration is 1.0 g / L, the pH value is controlled at 5.5, the temperature is 60 DEG C, the time is 15 min, and then the water is washed twice at room temperature and once with hot water.

[0057] The aluminum alloy profile for photovoltaic frame is obtained, the Vickers hardness is 17HW, the tensile strength is 300Mpa, the yield strength is 280 Mpa, the elongation is 10%, the film thickness is 12μm, and the hole sealing quality loss value is 28mg / dm 2 , the corrosion resistance is as shown in the attached Figure 2 , and the protection level can reach 9.8 levels, and the detection method / determination standard is GB / T 5237.2-2017 aluminum alloy building profile Part 2: anodic oxidation profile and GB / T12967.3-2022 aluminum and aluminum alloy anodic oxidation film and organic polymer film detection method Part 3: salt spray test.

[0058] Example 2:

[0059] A method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profile by automatic sand blasting and aging, wherein steps 1 and 3 are the same as those in example 1.

[0060] Step 2: use the transmission system of the automatic production line to continuously send the aluminum alloy profile into the sand blasting machine for sand blasting treatment, the sand blasting frequency of the upper thrower is 32Hz, the sand blasting frequency of the lower thrower is 30Hz, the sand amount of the lower thrower is 600g / s, and the sand amount of the upper thrower is 550g / s;

[0061] Step 4: the aluminum alloy profile after aging treatment in step 3 is continuously hung on the automatic transmission system for anodic oxidation treatment, and the process is as follows:

[0062] (1): first, immerse the aluminum alloy profile vertically in H2SO4 solution, the concentration of H2SO4 is 200g / L, the time is 2min, and then wash with pH 3 and pH 5 washing water in turn after taking out;

[0063] (2): then immerse in NaOH solution, the concentration of NaOH solution is 40g / L, the temperature of NaOH solution is 30 DEG C, and the Al 3+ concentration is maintained at 30-40 g / L during the process, the concentration is high, and part of the tank liquid is replaced, the soaking time is 1min; after taking out, carry out normal temperature alkali spraying (pH 11)-water washing (pH 7), the time is 20s;

[0064] (3): then immerse in H2SO4 solution, the concentration of H2SO4 is 150g / L, the time is 1min, and then wash with pH 3 and pH 5 washing water in turn after taking out;

[0065] (4): Anodizing is performed again, and the electrolyte is a 185 g / L H2SO4 solution during the process, and the AL 3+ ≈17 g / L, and the current density is 1.4 A / dm 2 After taking out, gradient pickling is performed from low to high pH (pH 3, pH 5, pH 7), and the acid solution is at room temperature, and the washing time is 20 s;

[0066] (5): Finally, sealing is performed, and the sealing agent is a medium-temperature sealing agent, and the Ni 2+ concentration is 0.8 g / L, the pH value is controlled at 5.3, the temperature is 60°C, and the time is 10 min, and then washed twice with water at room temperature and once with hot water.

[0067] An aluminum alloy profile for photovoltaic frame is obtained, the Vickers hardness is 17HW, the tensile strength is 310Mpa, the yield strength is 285 Mpa, the elongation is 10%, the film thickness is 12μm, and the sealing quality loss value is 28mg / dm 2 , the corrosion resistance is as shown in the accompanying Figure 3 , and can reach protection level 9.8, and the detection method / determination standard is GB / T 5237.2-2017 Aluminum Alloy Building Profiles Part 2: Anodized Profiles and GB / T12967.3-2022 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Anodized Film and Organic Polymer Film Detection Method Part 3: Salt Spray Test.

[0068] Example 3:

[0069] A method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automatic sandblasting and aging, wherein steps 1 and 3 are the same as in example 1.

[0070] Step 2: The aluminum alloy profile is continuously sent into the sandblasting machine for sandblasting treatment by using the transmission system of the automatic production line, the sandblasting frequency of the upper thrower is 36Hz, the sandblasting frequency of the lower thrower is 34Hz, the sand amount of the lower thrower is 460g / s, and the sand amount of the upper thrower is 400g / s;

[0071] Step 4: The aluminum alloy profile after aging treatment in step 3 is continuously hung on the automatic transmission system for anodizing treatment, and the process is as follows:

[0072] (1): First, immerse the aluminum alloy profile vertically in a H2SO4 solution, the H2SO4 concentration is 150g / L, the time is 5min, and then wash with pH 4 and pH 6 washing water in turn;

[0073] (2): Then immerse in a NaOH solution, the NaOH solution concentration is 60g / L, the NaOH solution temperature is 60°C, and the Al 3+The concentration is 30-40 g / L, when the concentration is high, partial tank liquid is replaced, and the soaking time is 5 min; after taking out, normal temperature alkali liquid spraying (pH 11)-water washing (pH 7) is carried out, and the time is 20 s;

[0074] (3): immersed in H2SO4 solution again, the concentration of H2SO4 is 220 g / L, the time is 5 min, and after taking out, the washing water with pH 4 and pH 6 is used for cleaning in turn;

[0075] (4): anodic oxidation is carried out again, the electrolyte is 200 g / L H2SO4 solution in the process, AL 3+ ≈17 g / L is controlled, the current density is 1.6 A / dm 2 , after taking out, gradient acid washing with pH from small to large (pH 2, pH 4, pH 7) is carried out, the acid liquid is normal temperature, and the washing time is 20 s;

[0076] (5): finally, sealing is carried out, the sealing agent is medium temperature sealing agent, Ni 2+ concentration is 1.3 g / L, the pH value is controlled at 5.8, the temperature is 60 ℃, the time is 10 min, and then normal temperature water washing is carried out twice and hot water washing is carried out once.

[0077] The aluminum alloy profile for photovoltaic frame is obtained, the Vickers hardness is 18 HW, the tensile strength is 300 Mpa, the yield strength is 283 Mpa, the elongation is 10%, the film thickness is 12 μm, the sealing quality loss value is 29 mg / dm 2 , the corrosion resistance is as shown in the accompanying Figure 4 , and the protection level can reach 9.8 levels, and the detection method / standard is GB / T 5237.2-2017 aluminum alloy building profile Part 2: anodic oxidation profile and GB / T12967.3-2022 aluminum and aluminum alloy anodic oxidation film and organic polymer film detection method Part 3: salt spray test.

[0078] Comparative example 1:

[0079] The process steps are the same as those in example 1, only the aging and sand blasting process sequence are adjusted, the aging treatment is carried out first, and then the sand blasting process and anodic oxidation process are carried out.

[0080] The photovoltaic aluminum alloy profile for photovoltaic frame is obtained, the Vickers hardness is 15 HW, the tensile strength is 280 Mpa, the yield strength is 270 Mpa, the elongation is 10%, the film thickness is 12 μm, the sealing quality loss value is 31 mg / dm 2 , and the corrosion resistance is as shown in the accompanying Figure 5As shown, only to reach the protection level 9.5 level, detection method / decision criteria for GB / T 5237.2-2017 aluminum alloy building profiles Part 2: anodic oxidation profiles and GB / T12967.3-2022 aluminum and aluminum alloy anodic oxidation film and organic polymer film detection method Part 3: salt spray test.

[0081] Some exemplary embodiments of the present application are described above, it can be understood that the above-described embodiments are only used to explain the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present application. The features in these embodiments can be recombined in a suitable manner, and the schemes obtained thereby are still within the scope of protection required by the present application. Based on the above-described embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts, i.e. all modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application, are also within the scope of protection required by the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automated sandblasting followed by aging, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: The metal is fed according to the composition ratio of the national standard 6005 aluminum alloy, and melted as the furnace heats up to obtain aluminum alloy liquid, which is then transported to a casting mold for casting to obtain aluminum bars. The transmission system of the automated production line transports the aluminum bars to a rod furnace for heating, automatically sawing them into short bars, and transporting them to an extrusion cylinder for extrusion to obtain aluminum alloy profiles. Step 2: Use the transmission system of the automated production line to continuously feed the aluminum alloy profiles into the sandblasting machine for sandblasting. The specific process parameters of the sandblasting process are: the sandblasting frequency of the upper shot blasting machine is 32-36Hz, the sandblasting frequency of the lower shot blasting machine is 30-34Hz, and the sand discharge amount of the shot blasting machine is 400-600g / second. The sand discharge amount of the lower shot blasting machine is greater than that of the upper shot blasting machine. Step 3: performing aging treatment on the aluminum alloy profile after sandblasting, wherein the aging temperature is 180-190° C. and the aging time is 2.5-3.5 hours. The aluminum alloy profile is heated to the furnace temperature within 10 minutes and is cooled by natural air during the process of being taken out of the furnace; Step 4: After the aging treatment in step 3, the aluminum alloy profile is continued to be hung on the transmission system for anodizing treatment to obtain a photovoltaic aluminum profile.

2. The method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automated sandblasting followed by aging according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the aluminum alloy profiles after sandblasting are vertically suspended on the upper row of the turning machine, enter upward from the bottom entrance of the aerial vertical aging furnace for aging treatment, and exit from the bottom outlet of the aerial vertical aging furnace downward, and are naturally air-cooled during the process of exiting the furnace.

3. The method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automated sandblasting followed by aging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process parameters of the smelting process in step 1 are: smelting temperature of 720-750°C, smelting time of 8-12h, followed by one slag skimming, and refining at 720-750°C after one slag skimming for 0.5-1.5h. The refining agent is added twice during the refining process.

4. The method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automated sandblasting followed by aging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process parameters of the pouring process in step 1 are: pouring temperature of 720-750° C., pouring speed of 100-120 mm / min, online degassing temperature of 700-730° C., and cooling water flow rate of 400-500 m / h.

5. The method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automated sandblasting followed by aging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process parameters of the extrusion process in step 1 are: the rod furnace heating temperature is greater than 450°C, the extrusion barrel temperature is 380-420°C, the extrusion rod speed is 5-8 mm / s, the quenching temperature is 520-550°C, and the temperature is cooled by air to below 200°C after quenching.

6. The method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automated sandblasting followed by aging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anodizing process in step 4 is specifically as follows: Step 1: First, immerse the aluminum alloy profile vertically in H2SO4 solution with a concentration of 150-220g / L for 1-5 minutes, and then perform normal temperature gradient pickling twice with a pH value from low to high. Step 2: Soak in NaOH solution again, the concentration of NaOH solution is 30-60g / L, the temperature of NaOH solution is 30-60℃, and Al 3+ ≤65g / L, soaking time is 1-5min; after taking out, spray with alkali solution at room temperature and then wash with water; Step 3: Soak in H2SO4 solution again, the H2SO4 concentration is 150-220g / L, the time is 1-5min, and then pickle after taking out; Step 4: Then carry out anodization. The electrolyte is 150-220g / L H2SO4 solution. Control Al 3+ ≤18g / L, current density 1.2-1.6 A / dm 2 , after taking it out, perform gradient acid washing with pH from small to large; Step 5: Finally, seal the hole. The sealing agent is a medium-temperature sealing agent, Ni 2+ The concentration is 0.8-1.3 g / L, the pH value is controlled at 5.3-5.8, the temperature is 58-62℃; the time is 10-24 minutes, then washed twice with room temperature water and once with hot water.

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