Electric heater, thermal management system and electric vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric heater, a thermal management system and an electric vehicle. The electric heater comprises a heating cavity assembly, and the heating cavity assembly comprises a cavity body, a heating plate, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and a closed fluid space formed by the cavity body, the heating plate, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe. The fluid space is provided with a water inlet used for being connected with the water inlet pipe in an inserted mode and a water outlet used for being connected with the water outlet pipe in an inserted mode. The heating element is arranged on the side, away from the fluid space, of the heating plate and used for heating the heat exchange medium fluid flowing through the fluid space; wherein the cavity is made of a blowing-up type cold plate and is used for exchanging heat with the heat exchange medium fluid. The technical problems that an existing heat exchange component is high in cost and complex in tool are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a field of electric heating, thermal management system and electric vehicle. Background Art

[0002] As a key component in thermal management systems, electric heaters are widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage systems and other fields.

[0003] In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency and power density per unit area of the heater, a brazed fin heater is proposed in the prior art, such as Chinese patent applications CN118408286A and CN116487767A. Figure 1 and Figure 2 This structure typically includes independent heat exchange components, resulting in high manufacturing costs. Furthermore, its production relies on a brazing process, which is not only inefficient but also requires complex tooling. More importantly, welding quality cannot be fully guaranteed, with problems such as cold welds and leaking welds occurring, and defects are difficult to detect before shipment.

[0004] To address the above-mentioned problems, no effective solutions have been proposed so far. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide an electric heater, a thermal management system, and an electric vehicle to at least solve the technical problems of high cost and complex tooling of existing heat exchange components.

[0006] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an electric heater, comprising a heating chamber assembly, the heating chamber assembly comprising: a cavity, a heating plate, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, and a sealed fluid space formed by the cavity, the heating plate, the water inlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe, the fluid space having a water inlet for plugging in the water inlet pipe and a water outlet for plugging in the water outlet pipe; a heating element, arranged on the side of the heating plate away from the fluid space, for heating a heat exchange medium fluid flowing through the fluid space; wherein the cavity is made of an inflation-type cold plate for performing heat exchange with the heat exchange medium fluid. The above structure solves the technical problems of the existing high cost and complex tooling of heat exchange components. In addition, the cavity made of an inflation-type cold plate can improve the heat exchange efficiency, realizing an integrated design with a light and thin structure and heat exchange function.

[0007] In some embodiments, the cavity is provided with a plurality of weld points and / or weld beads. After the cavity is inflated, these weld points and / or weld beads form a honeycomb hole array and / or partitions. The honeycomb hole array and / or partitions create turbulent flow of the heat exchange medium flowing through the cavity, thereby enabling the cavity to function as a heat exchange component. In this embodiment, the honeycomb hole array or partitions create turbulent flow, significantly improving heat exchange efficiency and enhancing the performance of the cavity as a heat exchange component.

[0008] In some embodiments, the cavity is provided with a water inlet cavity and a water outlet cavity at the water inlet where the water inlet pipe is plugged in and the water outlet where the water outlet pipe is plugged in, respectively. In particular, at the water inlet cavity and the water outlet cavity, the distance h1 between the cavity and the inner surface of the heating plate is greater than the inflated height h2 of the cavity, so as to facilitate the installation of the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe.

[0009] In some embodiments, the honeycomb cell array and / or partitions are arranged in at least one of the following ways: aligned, staggered, or mixed. In this embodiment, these different arrangements allow for flexible adjustment of flow resistance and direction, modulating the turbulence intensity of the medium, and enhancing overall heat transfer performance.

[0010] In some embodiments, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe each include, in sequence: a sealing section for connecting to an external hose; a positioning ring for welding and sealing the cavity at a target location, wherein the target location of the water inlet pipe is the water inlet, and the target location of the water outlet pipe is the water outlet; and a diverter section located within the cavity for supporting the cavity and distributing flow; wherein the height of the diverter section is slightly greater than the sum of the distance h1 between the cavity and the inner surface of the heating plate at the water inlet plus the cavity thickness t. This structure can increase the local stiffness and compressive strength of the cavity.

[0011] In some embodiments, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively inserted into the cavity through the water inlet and the water outlet in a direction perpendicular to the extension plane of the heating plate. With the above structure, the vertical insertion of the pipes simplifies the installation process, enhances the sealing and connection stability, and facilitates a more compact structure.

[0012] In some embodiments, the water inlet and outlet pipes are arranged at opposite diagonal ends of the cavity. Between the water inlet and the water outlet, there exists a shortest flow path s, a longest flow path l, and several intermediate flow paths. The number of honeycomb holes and / or partitions provided on the shortest flow path s exceeds the number of honeycomb holes and / or partitions provided on each of the several intermediate flow paths, and exceeds the number of honeycomb holes and / or partitions provided on the longest flow path l. This structure adjusts the flow resistance along different flow paths, achieving uniform fluid distribution, preventing localized overheating of the heating element, and extending its service life.

[0013] In other embodiments, the water inlet and outlet pipes are respectively disposed at two adjacent corners of the cavity, and a separation groove is provided on the symmetrical centerline of the cavity. The separation groove forms multiple U-shaped flow channels extending along different paths from the water inlet to the water outlet. The multiple U-shaped flow channels include a shortest flow path s, a longest flow path l, and several intermediate flow paths m. In this embodiment, the separation grooves form multiple U-shaped flow channels, ensuring uniform distribution of fluid within the cavity, thereby achieving a more uniform heat exchange effect.

[0014] In some embodiments, a plurality of primary overflow ports and secondary overflow ports spaced apart from each other are circumferentially provided on the diversion section of the water inlet pipe and / or the water outlet pipe, and the opening direction of the secondary overflow ports approximately points to the shortest flow path.

[0015] In some embodiments, the opening width of each of the primary overflow ports is 3 to 6 times the opening width of the secondary overflow ports.

[0016] In some embodiments, the number of the main overflow ports of each water inlet pipe or water outlet pipe is 2, the number of the secondary overflow ports is 1, the angle between the horizontal projection midline of the secondary overflow port and any side of the cavity ranges from 35° to 55°, the two main overflow ports are arranged symmetrically about the horizontal projection midline of the secondary overflow port, and the angle between the horizontal projection midlines of the two main overflow ports ranges from 90° to 120°.

[0017] In some embodiments, when the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are arranged at two ends of a diagonal line of the cavity, the opening direction of each main overflow port is approximately directed toward the longest flow path.

[0018] Through the above structure, the fluid medium can be evenly distributed in the closed fluid space, and the temperature distribution transition of the heating element is more balanced, thereby reducing the probability of hot spots in the heating element and improving the life of the heating element.

[0019] In some embodiments, the heating element comprises a multilayer composite material structure. Starting from the heating plate, the heating element comprises at least a buffer layer, an insulating layer, a resistor layer, and a connecting layer, and in some cases, a cover layer. This multilayer composite structure achieves low thermal resistance and high insulation performance, enhancing heating efficiency and safety, reducing energy consumption, and extending element life.

[0020] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a thermal management system is provided, comprising the above-mentioned electric heater.

[0021] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an electric vehicle comprising the above-mentioned thermal management system, wherein the electric vehicle is a hybrid vehicle or a pure electric vehicle.

[0022] In the embodiment of the present invention, the above structure solves the technical problems of high cost and complex tooling of existing heat exchange components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The drawings that constitute part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation on this application. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 It is a perspective view of a water-heating electric heater according to the prior art;

[0025] Figure 2 is a perspective view of another water-heating electric heater according to the prior art;

[0026] Figure 3 is a perspective view of a water-heating electric heater according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 is a top view of a water-heating electric heater according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a water inlet pipe / water outlet pipe according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a water-heating electric heater according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a water-heating electric heater having a heating element according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of a water-heating electric heater with a U-shaped flow channel marked according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0033] 10. Heating chamber assembly; 11. Heating plate; 12. Cavity; 121. Welding point; 122. Honeycomb hole; 123. Water inlet chamber; 124. Water outlet chamber; 125. Water inlet; 126. Water outlet; 1251. Positioning protrusion; 127. First flow guide contraction section; 128. Compensation section; 129. Second flow guide contraction section; 13. Heating element; 132. Insulation layer; 133. Resistance layer; 134. Connecting layer; 14. Water inlet pipe; 141. Sealing section of water inlet pipe; 142. Positioning ring of water inlet pipe; 14 3. Diversion section of the water inlet pipe; 1431. Main overflow port of the water inlet pipe; 1432. Secondary overflow port of the water inlet pipe; 1433. Positioning groove of the water inlet pipe; 15. Water outlet pipe; 151. Sealing section of the water outlet pipe; 152. Positioning ring of the water outlet pipe; 153. Diversion section of the water outlet pipe; 1531. Main overflow port of the water outlet pipe; 1532. Secondary overflow port of the water outlet pipe; 1533. Positioning groove of the water outlet pipe; 111. Limiting groove; 120. Isolation groove; 201. Positive electrode sheet; 202. Negative electrode sheet; 20. Control board. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in this application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0035] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0036] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application. At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to actual proportional relationships. The techniques, methods and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the techniques, methods and equipment should be considered as part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific values should be interpreted as being merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following figures, and therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0037] This embodiment of the present application provides a water-heating electric heater with an inflatable cavity structure that also serves as a heat exchange component, resulting in fewer parts than conventional heaters. The water inlet and outlet are arranged perpendicular to the heating plate. The overflow ports of the inlet and outlet pipes and the honeycomb structure of the cavity work together to achieve uniform flow of the heat medium fluid within the heat exchange component.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a water-heating electric heater according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 As shown, the electric heater includes a heating chamber assembly 10, which includes a heating plate 11, a cavity 12, a water inlet pipe 14, and a water outlet pipe 15. The above are sealed and welded to form a closed fluid space with an inlet and an outlet. The heating element 13 is arranged on the other side of the heating plate 11 relative to the fluid space. The cavity 12 is made of a blown cold plate and has the function of a heat exchange component. Preferably, the water inlet pipe 14 and the water outlet pipe 15 are arranged perpendicular to the extension plane of the heating plate 11. The thickness of the cavity 12 is 0.5-1.2 mm, and the material is an aluminum alloy plate or a steel plate.

[0039] The cavity 12 is provided with a number of weld points 121, or weld points and / or weld beads. After inflation molding, a honeycomb hole array and / or honeycomb hole partition containing a plurality of honeycomb holes 122 is formed. Because the cavity 12 and the heating plate 11 are welded together, the heat generated by the heating element 13 is transferred to the cavity 12 through the heating plate 11. The honeycomb hole array and / or honeycomb hole partition in the cavity 12 can create strong turbulence in the medium flowing through it, thereby making the cavity 12 function as a heat exchange component.

[0040] The cavity 12 is further provided with a water inlet cavity 123 and a water outlet cavity 124 . At the water inlet cavity 123 and the water outlet cavity 124 , the distance h1 between the cavity 12 and the inner surface of the heating plate 11 is greater than the inflation height h2 of the cavity 12 .

[0041] The honeycomb hole array can be aligned, staggered in rows, staggered in columns, or a combination of the above arrangements. Figure 4 As shown, the honeycomb holes in the frame are aligned, and the rest are staggered. Due to the use of the inflation process, the diameter of a single honeycomb hole 122 depends only on the diameter of its bottom welding point 121.

[0042] like Figure 4As shown, the water inlet pipe 14 and the water outlet pipe 15 are arranged diagonally. Between the water inlet 125 and the water outlet 126, there is a shortest flow path s and a longest flow path l, as well as several intermediate flow paths m. Because fluids tend to flow along the path of lowest flow resistance, to ensure uniform distribution of the fluid medium within a confined fluid space, it is necessary to appropriately increase the flow resistance on the shortest flow path s. For example, this can be achieved by increasing the number of honeycomb holes along the shortest flow path s. To facilitate arrangement, honeycomb holes with smaller diameters and higher density can be used.

[0043] Since the thickness of the inflatable cold plate used in the cavity 12 is relatively small, usually between 0.5-1.2 mm, a special design is adopted on the inlet and outlet pipes to enhance the rigidity of the heating cavity assembly 10. Specifically, Figure 5 As shown, the water inlet pipe 14 includes a sealing section 141 for connecting to an external hose, a positioning ring 142 for welding and sealing with the cavity 12, and a diversion section 143 for supporting the cavity 12 and distributing the flow. The height h1 of the diversion section 143 is slightly larger than the distance h2 between the cavity 12 and the inner surface of the heating plate 11 at the water inlet plus the cavity thickness t ( Figure 5 In this way, the bottom of the water inlet pipe 141 contacts the inner surface of the heating plate 11, and the two are fixed together by bonding or welding, thereby improving the local rigidity of the cavity 12 and the compressive strength of the heating chamber assembly 10.

[0044] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, taking the water inlet pipe as an example, the diversion section 143 of the water inlet pipe is provided with a plurality of primary overflow ports 1431 and secondary overflow ports 1432, wherein the opening width of the primary overflow port 1431 is approximately 3 to 6 times the opening width of the secondary overflow port 1432, the angle ∠A between the central axis of the secondary overflow port 1432 and any side of the cavity 12 ranges from 35 to 55 degrees, and the opening of the secondary overflow port 1432 approximately points to the shortest flow path. The two groups of primary overflow ports 1431 are arranged symmetrically about the central axis of the secondary overflow port 1432, the angle ∠B between the center lines of the two groups of primary overflow ports 1431 ranges from 90 to 120 degrees, and the primary overflow port 1431 approximately points to the longest flow path. Through the above arrangement, the fluid medium can be evenly distributed in the closed fluid space 100, and the temperature distribution transition of the heating element 13 is more balanced, thereby reducing the probability of hot spots in the heating element and improving the life of the heating element.

[0045] A positioning groove 1433 is also provided on the water inlet pipe diversion section 143, and a water inlet hole 125 is opened on the cavity 12. The water inlet pipe 14 cooperates with the positioning groove 1433 and the positioning protrusion 1251 on the cavity 12. Its function is to limit the axial rotation of the water inlet pipe 14, thereby ensuring the fluid flow direction through the main overflow port 1431 and the secondary overflow port 1432.

[0046] The water outlet pipe 15 and the water inlet pipe 14 are completely identical in structure, that is, the water inlet pipe 14 and the water outlet pipe 15 can be interchangeably arranged. Therefore, the structure of the water outlet pipe 15 will not be described in detail here.

[0047] like Figure 7 As shown, the heating plate 11 is an aluminum plate or a stainless steel plate with a thickness of 2-4 mm. A heating element 13 is provided on the other side of the heating plate 11 away from the cavity 12. The heating element 13 can be a thin film or thick film heating element. Generally, thin film heating elements are made by thermal spraying and / or plasma deposition processes, and thick film heating elements are made by screen printing and sintering processes. A limiting groove 111 is provided on the heating plate 11. The limiting groove 111 limits the coverage range of the heating element 13 and also prevents the thermal insulation glue (usually coated on the surface of the heating element) from overflowing. The heating element 13 is a multi-layer composite material structure. Starting from the heating plate, it typically comprises a buffer layer (not shown), an insulating layer (not shown), a resistor layer 133, a connecting layer 134, and a covering layer (not shown). The resistor layer 133 is made of a nickel-chromium alloy or an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy. The connecting layer 134 is located above the resistor layer 133 and is electrically connected to the positive electrode sheet 201 and the negative electrode sheet 202. The connecting layer 134 is typically made of a highly conductive material such as copper or silver. Its function is to quickly disperse the current from the electrodes and / or the resistor layer 133, reducing the local current density and providing a certain amount of heat dissipation. The other ends of the positive electrode sheet 201 and the negative electrode sheet 202 are connected to the control board (PCBA) 20, and through the control board 20, to the power supply, forming a complete heating circuit.

[0048] The operating process of the electric heater in this embodiment is as follows: External cold water flows into the heating chamber 12 via the water inlet pipe 14 located at one end of the heating chamber assembly 10. The fluid first enters the water inlet chamber 123 within the chamber 12. Since the bottom of the diverter section of the water inlet pipe 14 is securely connected to the inner surface of the heating plate 11, the rigidity of the chamber structure is enhanced. The diverter section of the water inlet pipe is equipped with several primary overflow ports 1431 and secondary overflow ports 1432. The primary overflow ports 1431 direct the longest flow path, while the secondary overflow ports 1432 direct the shortest flow path. These two ports work together to achieve uniform distribution of the fluid within the confined fluid space. After entering the confined fluid space, the fluid flows through a honeycomb array of cells arranged within the chamber. This array is formed through a process of inflating weld points or weld beads, enhancing turbulence and improving heat exchange efficiency. Because the honeycomb array is densely packed and has smaller pores along the shortest flow path, it helps to increase the flow resistance of that path, tending to distribute the fluid along different paths and further achieving uniform flow rate. Heating element 13 is positioned on the side of the heating plate facing away from the cavity. The heat generated by the heating element is evenly transferred from the heating plate to the cavity and further into the fluid medium. Because the cavity itself functions as a heat exchanger, the fluid is heated while flowing within the cavity. The heated fluid is ultimately discharged through the outlet cavity and a diagonally located outlet pipe. This entire process ensures efficient heat exchange while effectively suppressing the formation of hot spots in the heating element, thereby increasing its lifespan.

[0049] The present application also provides another electric heater, such as Figure 8 As shown, the difference between this electric heater and the electric heater of the above embodiment is that the water inlet pipe 14 and the water outlet pipe 15 are arranged on the same side. An isolation groove 120 is provided on the cavity 12. The isolation groove 120 is located on the symmetrical center line of the cavity 12 and forms a plurality of U-shaped flow channels. The width of the U-shaped flow channels in the flow direction is basically the same, and the shortest flow path s ( Figure 8 The path shown by the gray arrow in the figure), the longest flow path l ( Figure 8 The red path in the figure) and several intermediate flow paths m( Figure 8 The above structure evenly distributes the fluid flow rate within the enclosed fluid space (see the blue path in the figure). In this embodiment, since the isolation grooves 120 and the bottom of the honeycomb holes 122 are welded to the heating plate 11 using the same process, no additional manufacturing steps are required for the heating chamber assembly.

[0050] The water inlet pipe 14 and the water outlet pipe 15 of this embodiment are Figure 5 The structures of the water inlet pipe 14 and the water outlet pipe 15 are the same and will not be described again here.

[0051] like Figure 8As shown, in order to further balance the flow velocity distribution of the fluid in the cavity 12 , in this embodiment, a first flow guiding contraction section 127 , a second flow guiding contraction section 129 and a compensation section 128 are provided on the cavity 12 .

[0052] The first flow guide contraction section 127 and the second flow guide contraction section 129 are respectively located on both sides of the isolation groove 120 and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center line of the isolation groove 120. The starting ends of the two flow guide contraction sections are aligned with the ends of the isolation groove 120 (e.g. Figure 8 The constricted section (shown by the green line in the middle) gradually contracts toward the center of the cavity, reducing the length of the peripheral flow channel. Since shorter flow channels reduce flow resistance and increase flow velocity, adjusting the peripheral flow channel length through the constricted section helps reduce resistance differences between paths, making the flow velocity within the cavity more consistent and achieving more uniform heat exchange.

[0053] Compensation section 128 is located between first flow-guiding constriction section 127 and second flow-guiding constriction section 129, connecting the tail regions of the two flow-guiding structures. Since compensation section 128 lacks a honeycomb structure, its flow resistance is relatively low. This allows it to further guide and distribute the fluid after it passes through the flow-guiding constriction, regulating the pressure differential and flow velocity differences between the various U-shaped flow channels, thereby improving the uniformity and thermal efficiency of the overall heat exchange system. This structural design also increases the heat dissipation area, allowing for the placement of additional heating resistors in the heating plate area corresponding to the compensation section, significantly increasing the power of the electric heater.

[0054] Through the above structural design, the fluid is guided and regulated before entering the multiple U-shaped flow channels, effectively eliminating the problem of uneven flow rate caused by path differences and achieving a more stable and balanced heat exchange process.

[0055] Since the separate heat exchange component is eliminated, the total heat density of the heating chamber of this application is slightly lower, which can reach about 15-20W / cm 2 This indicator is basically equivalent to that of a heater using an electric heating tube element, but the inflatable honeycomb panel heater using the solution of this application is smaller in size and lighter in weight, and is particularly suitable for heating applications that do not require too high a power density.

[0056] The advantages of adopting the above-mentioned structure of the present application are that it achieves efficient heat exchange between the heating element and the fluid medium without providing a separate heat exchange component, and evenly distributes the fluid medium in the flow channel of the heat exchange component without providing a separate flow guide. This allows the heat generated by the heating element to be evenly carried away by the fluid medium, resulting in a more balanced temperature field within the heating element, reducing thermal stress caused by temperature differences, and thus extending the life of the heating element.

[0057] This application reduces material consumption due to the reduction in the number of parts and the multifunctionality of a single part, and at the same time reduces production costs by utilizing the inflation process, thereby providing a fluid heater that can achieve efficient heat exchange, high production efficiency and lower cost.

[0058] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature to other devices or features as shown in the figures. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figures. For example, if the device in the drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0059] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0060] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An electric heater, characterized in that: include: A heating chamber assembly (10), wherein the heating chamber assembly (10) comprises: A cavity (12), a heating plate (11), a water inlet pipe (14), a water outlet pipe (15), and a closed fluid space formed by the cavity (12), the heating plate (11), the water inlet pipe (14), and the water outlet pipe (15), wherein the fluid space has a water inlet (125) for plugging the water inlet pipe (14) and a water outlet (126) for plugging the water outlet pipe (15); a heating element (13), arranged on a side of the heating plate (11) facing away from the fluid space, and used for heating the heat exchange medium fluid flowing through the fluid space; The cavity (12) is made of an inflation-type cold plate and is used for heat exchange with the heat exchange medium fluid.

2. The electric heater according to claim 1, characterized in that The cavity (12) is provided with a plurality of welding points and / or welding beads (121). After the cavity (12) is blown and formed, the plurality of welding points and / or welding beads (121) form a honeycomb hole (122) array and / or partition. The honeycomb hole (122) array and / or partition cause the heat exchange medium fluid flowing through to form turbulence, thereby making the cavity (12) function as a heat exchange component.

3. The electric heater according to claim 2, characterized in that The cavity (12) is provided with a water inlet cavity (123) and a water outlet cavity (124) at the water inlet (125) where the water inlet pipe (14) is plugged in and at the water outlet (126) where the water outlet pipe (15) is plugged in, respectively. In particular, at the water inlet cavity (123) and the water outlet cavity (124), the distance h1 between the cavity (12) and the inner surface of the heating plate (11) is greater than the inflation height h2 of the cavity (12).

4. The electric heater according to claim 2, characterized in that: The honeycomb hole (122) array and / or partitions are arranged in at least one of the following ways: aligned arrangement, row staggered arrangement, column staggered arrangement, and mixed arrangement.

5. The electric heater according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water inlet pipe (14) and the water outlet pipe (15) respectively include: A sealing section (141) for connecting to an external hose; a positioning ring (142) for welding and sealing the cavity (12) at a target position, wherein the target position of the water inlet pipe (141) is the water inlet (125), and the target position of the water outlet pipe is the water outlet (126); A flow distribution section (143) is located in the cavity (12) and is used to support the cavity (12) and distribute the flow; The height of the diversion section (143) is slightly greater than the sum of the distance h1 between the cavity (12) and the inner surface of the heating plate (11) at the water inlet cavity (123) plus the cavity thickness t.

6. The electric heater according to claim 1, characterized in that The water inlet pipe (14) and the water outlet pipe (15) are respectively inserted into the cavity (12) through the water inlet (125) and the water outlet (126) in a direction perpendicular to the extension plane of the heating plate (11).

7. The electric heater according to claim 6, characterized in that The water inlet pipe (14) and the water outlet pipe (15) are arranged at both ends of the diagonal line of the cavity, and a shortest flow path s, a longest flow path l, and a plurality of intermediate flow paths are formed between the water inlet (125) and the water outlet (126), wherein the number of honeycomb holes and / or partitions provided on the shortest flow path s> the number of honeycomb holes and / or partitions provided on each of the plurality of intermediate flow paths> The number of honeycomb holes and / or partitions provided on the longest flow path l; or The water inlet pipe (14) and the water outlet pipe (15) are respectively arranged at two adjacent corners of the cavity (12), and an isolation groove (120) is provided on the symmetrical center line of the cavity (12). The isolation groove (120) forms a plurality of U-shaped flow channels extending along different paths from the water inlet (125) to the water outlet (126), and the plurality of U-shaped flow channels include a shortest flow path s, a longest flow path l, and a plurality of intermediate flow paths m.

8. The electric heater according to claim 7, characterized in that A plurality of primary overflow ports (1431 / 1531) and secondary overflow ports (1432 / 1532) spaced apart from each other are circumferentially provided on the diversion section of the water inlet pipe (14) and / or the water outlet pipe (15), and the opening direction of the secondary overflow ports (1432 / 1532) approximately points to the shortest flow path.

9. The electric heater according to claim 8, characterized in that The opening width of each of the primary overflow ports (1431 / 1531) is 3 to 6 times the opening width of the secondary overflow ports (1432 / 1532).

10. The electric heater according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The number of the main overflow ports (1431 / 1531) of each water inlet pipe or water outlet pipe is 2, and the number of the secondary overflow ports (1432 / 1532) is 1, the angle between the horizontal projection center line of the secondary overflow ports (1432 / 1532) and any side of the cavity (12) ranges from 35° to 55°, the two main overflow ports (1431 / 1531) are arranged symmetrically about the horizontal projection center line of the secondary overflow ports, and the angle between the horizontal projection center lines of the two main overflow ports (1431 / 1531) ranges from 90° to 120°.

11. The electric heater according to claim 7, characterized in that When the water inlet pipe (14) and the water outlet pipe (15) are arranged at both ends of the diagonal line of the cavity, the opening direction of each main overflow port (1431 / 1531) is approximately directed toward the longest flow path.

12. The electric heater according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The heating element (13) is a multi-layer composite material structure. Starting from the heating plate (11), the heating element (13) has at least a buffer layer (131), an insulating layer (132), a resistance layer (133), and a connecting layer (134) in sequence.

13. A thermal management system, characterized in that: The thermal management system comprises the electric heater according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. An electric vehicle, characterized in that: The electric vehicle comprises the thermal management system according to claim 13, wherein the electric vehicle is a hybrid vehicle or a pure electric vehicle.

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