Low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradual change slot

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradually-changed slotted holes, and relates to the field of cables, which comprises a first high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated pipe, a second high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated pipe and a protective layer, each of the first high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated pipe and the second high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated pipe comprises a first nano magnesium oxide flame-retardant filling rope, a nano carbon tube reinforcing layer and a copper-silver alloy coating; and the protective layer comprises a second nanometer magnesium oxide flame-retardant filling rope, a gradient dielectric constant foaming layer, a silicon dioxide aerogel heat insulation layer and a piezoelectric ceramic particle filling layer. According to the low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on the periodic gradual change slotted holes, narrow-band radiation limitation can be broken through by arranging the periodic gradual change four-shaped slot group and the periodic gradual change splayed slot group, the requirement for covering the full frequency band from low-frequency communication to 5G high frequency can be met by a single-section cable, cables of different specifications do not need to be installed in a segmented mode, and the cost is reduced. And the system complexity is greatly simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of cables, in particular to a low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots. Background Art

[0002] Leaky coaxial cable has both signal transmission and antenna functions. By controlling the openings of the conductor, it can evenly radiate and receive controlled electromagnetic wave energy along the line, thereby covering the blind spots of the electromagnetic field and achieving the goal of smooth mobile communication.

[0003] Traditional leaky cables produce resonance points due to their fixed slot structure, which leads to enhanced signal reflection in specific frequency bands and narrowed available bandwidth. At the same time, conventional cables are prone to water accumulation in slots in humid environments, causing impedance mutations and signal scattering. Existing technologies rely on regular manual inspections, making it difficult to detect hidden damage in a timely manner. Large bending radiuses need to be reserved in confined spaces, and the frequent use of repeaters increases fault points.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots comprises a first high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube, a second high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube, and a protective layer. The first high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube and the second high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube comprise a first nano-magnesium oxide flame-retardant filling rope, a nano-carbon tube reinforcement layer, and a copper-silver alloy plating layer.

[0008] The protective layer includes a second nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope, a gradient dielectric constant foaming layer, a silica aerogel insulation layer, a piezoelectric ceramic particle filling layer, a water-blocking expansion tape, an embossed copper-plastic composite tape substrate, a shape memory alloy ring, a low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant sheath, a graphene conductive shielding layer, a third nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope, and a self-repairing sheath outer layer.

[0009] Preferably, the first nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope is filled between the copper-silver alloy coating and the first high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube, the copper-silver alloy coating is installed on the outer wall of the nano-carbon tube reinforced layer, and a self-repairing microcapsule filling is installed between the nano-carbon tube reinforced layer and the copper-silver alloy coating, and the self-repairing microcapsule filling is urea-formaldehyde resin wrapped in epoxy resin.

[0010] Preferably, a second nano-magnesium oxide flame-retardant filling rope is filled between the first high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube, the second high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube and the gradient dielectric constant foaming layer.

[0011] Preferably, the gradient dielectric constant foam layer is installed on the outside of the second high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube, the silica aerogel insulation layer is installed on the outside of the gradient dielectric constant foam layer, and the piezoelectric ceramic particle filling layer is filled between the silica aerogel insulation layer and the water-blocking expansion tape.

[0012] Preferably, the water-blocking expansion tape is a sodium acrylate / polyurethane composite tape, and the piezoelectric ceramic particle filling layer is extruded by blending lead zirconate titanate nanoparticles with polyethylene.

[0013] Preferably, a periodic gradient four-shaped groove group and a periodic gradient eight-shaped groove group are provided at the base material of the corrugated copper-plastic composite strip, and anti-deformation reinforcement ribs are installed in the inner cavity of the periodic gradient four-shaped groove group and the periodic gradient eight-shaped groove group. The periodic gradient four-shaped groove group and the periodic gradient eight-shaped groove group are used to suppress resonance and widen the frequency band to six GHz.

[0014] Preferably, the periodic gradient four-shaped groove group is a group in which the long axes of at least two oblique long grooves are distributed in a "four" shape, and the angle between them is acute, forming a symmetrical structure; the periodic gradient eight-shaped groove group is a group in which the long axes of at least two oblique long grooves are distributed in an "eight" shape, and the angle between them is acute, forming a symmetrical structure.

[0015] Preferably, the shape memory alloy ring is installed on the outer wall of the corrugated copper-plastic composite belt substrate, the low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant sheath is installed on the outer wall of the shape memory alloy ring, the graphene conductive shielding layer is installed on the outer wall of the low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant sheath, the third nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope is installed on the outer wall of the graphene conductive shielding layer, and the self-repairing sheath outer layer is installed on the outer wall of the third nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope.

[0016] Preferably, the shape memory alloy ring is formed by annular welding of NiTi alloy wire; the graphene conductive shielding layer is formed by melt co-extrusion of graphene / polyethylene; the outer layer of the self-repairing sheath is microencapsulated DCPD monomer doped with polyurethane; and the outer wall of the outer layer of the self-repairing sheath is provided with axial drainage microgrooves.

[0017] Preferably, a phase change temperature control unit, a piezoresistive deformation monitoring network and a distributed optical fiber sensor are installed at the junction of the graphene conductive shielding layer and the third nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope. The distributed optical fiber sensor is used to monitor the cable deformation and temperature in real time; the axial drainage microgroove is used to absorb overheating energy and delay thermal decay; the piezoresistive deformation monitoring network is used to sense external extrusion.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. This low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots, through a gradient dielectric constant foam layer, a silica aerogel insulation layer, and a piezoelectric ceramic particle filling layer, can significantly reduce signal energy loss during long-distance transmission, ensuring that high-frequency signals maintain stable strength in tunnels several kilometers long, avoiding the rapid signal attenuation problem caused by dielectric loss in traditional cables. The periodic gradient four-shaped slot group and periodic gradient eight-shaped slot group can break through the narrowband radiation limitation. A single cable segment can cover the full frequency band requirements from low-frequency communication to 5G high frequency, eliminating the need to install cables of different specifications in sections, greatly simplifying the system complexity.

[0020] 2. This low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots can completely solve the problems of signal distortion and sheath aging caused by water accumulation in slots in humid environments through the synergistic effect of the water-blocking expansion belt, axial drainage micro-grooves, self-healing sheath outer layer and self-healing microcapsule filling. Even after long-term immersion or mechanical scratching, the material can autonomously restore its physical integrity, thereby extending the service life of the cable in harsh scenarios such as mines and submarine tunnels.

[0021] 3. This low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable, based on periodic, gradient slots, features a first high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube, a second nano-magnesium oxide flame-retardant filler rope, and a low-smoke, halogen-free flame-retardant sheath. This ensures the cable's overall fire resistance and high-temperature resistance, preventing insulation meltdowns caused by high temperatures and meeting the highest safety standards for underground confined spaces. Built-in distributed fiber optic sensors, axial drainage microgrooves, and a phase-change temperature control unit provide real-time sensing of cable deformation, temperature, and external extrusion conditions, providing early warning of external damage risks. Compared to traditional manual inspections, fault location is increased a hundredfold, significantly reducing losses from sudden communication interruptions. The cable's excellent bending properties and lightweight structure allow for direct installation in narrow corners or on ceilings, reducing construction complexity. Combined with a prefabricated interface design, installation efficiency increases by over 10%, eliminating the need for frequent replacement of relay equipment for later maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention as a whole;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the first high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This invention Figure 2Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0026] Figure: 1. First high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube; 2. Second high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube; 3. Protective layer; 4. First nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope; 5. Self-repairing microcapsule filling; 6. Second nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope; 7. Gradient dielectric constant foaming layer; 8. Silica aerogel insulation layer; 9. Piezoelectric ceramic particle filling layer; 10. Corrugated copper-plastic composite tape substrate; 11. Periodic gradient four-shaped groove group; 12. Periodic gradient Variable figure eight groove group; 13. Anti-deformation reinforcement ribs; 14. Shape memory alloy ring; 15. Low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath; 16. Graphene conductive shielding layer; 17. Third nano-magnesium oxide flame-retardant filling rope; 18. Self-repairing sheath outer layer; 19. Phase change temperature control unit; 20. Piezoresistive deformation monitoring network; 21. Distributed optical fiber sensor; 22. Axial drainage micro-groove; 23. Nano-carbon tube reinforcement layer; 24. Copper-silver alloy coating; 25. Water-blocking expansion tape. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0028] Example 1:

[0029] like Figure 1 、 Figure 3 As shown, a low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots includes a first high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube 1, a second high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube 2, and a protective layer 3. The first high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube 1 and the second high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube 2 include a first nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope 4, a nano-carbon tube reinforcement layer 23, and a copper-silver alloy coating 24. The first nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope 4 is filled between the copper-silver alloy coating 24 and the first high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube 1. The copper-silver alloy coating 24 is installed on the outer wall of the nano-carbon tube reinforcement layer 23. A self-repairing microcapsule filling 5 is installed between the nano-carbon tube reinforcement layer 23 and the copper-silver alloy coating 24. The self-repairing microcapsule filling 5 is urea-formaldehyde resin wrapped in epoxy resin. The second nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope 6 is filled between the first high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube 1 and the second high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube 2 and the gradient dielectric constant foaming layer 7.

[0030] Example 2:

[0031] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 4As shown, a low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots, the protective layer 3 includes a second nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope 6, a gradient dielectric constant foaming layer 7, a silica aerogel insulation layer 8, a piezoelectric ceramic particle filling layer 9, a water-blocking expansion tape 25, a corrugated copper-plastic composite tape substrate 10, a shape memory alloy ring 14, a low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant sheath 15, a graphene conductive shielding layer 16, a third nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope 17, and a self-repairing sheath outer layer 18. The gradient dielectric constant foaming layer 7 is installed on the outside of the second high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube 2, the silica aerogel insulation layer 8 is installed on the outside of the gradient dielectric constant foaming layer 7, and the piezoelectric ceramic The particle filling layer 9 is filled between the silica aerogel insulation layer 8 and the water-blocking expansion tape 25. The water-blocking expansion tape 25 is a sodium acrylate / polyurethane composite tape. The piezoelectric ceramic particle filling layer 9 is extruded by blending lead zirconate titanate nanoparticles with polyethylene. The corrugated copper-plastic composite tape substrate 10 is provided with a periodic gradient four-shaped groove group 11 and a periodic gradient eight-shaped groove group 12. The inner cavities of the periodic gradient four-shaped groove group 11 and the periodic gradient eight-shaped groove group 12 are both installed with anti-deformation reinforcement ribs 13. The periodic gradient four-shaped groove group 11 and the periodic gradient eight-shaped groove group 12 are used to suppress resonance and widen the frequency band to six GHz. The periodic gradient four-shaped groove group 11 is at least two oblique long grooves. The long axis is distributed in an "eight" shape, and the angle is acute, forming a symmetrical structure; the periodic gradient eight-shaped groove group 12 is at least two oblique long grooves, the long axis is distributed in an "eight" shape, and the angle is acute, forming a symmetrical structure, the shape memory alloy ring 14 is installed on the outer wall of the corrugated copper-plastic composite tape substrate 10, the low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant sheath 15 is installed on the outer wall of the shape memory alloy ring 14, the graphene conductive shielding layer 16 is installed on the outer wall of the low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant sheath 15, the third nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope 17 is installed on the outer wall of the graphene conductive shielding layer 16, the self-repairing sheath outer layer 18 is installed on the outer wall of the third nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope 17, the shape memory alloy ring 1 4 is formed by annular welding of NiTi alloy wire; the graphene conductive shielding layer 16 is formed by melt co-extrusion of graphene / polyethylene; the self-repairing sheath outer layer 18 is microencapsulated DCPD monomer mixed with polyurethane; the outer wall of the self-repairing sheath outer layer 18 is provided with axial drainage microgrooves 22, and a phase change temperature control unit 19, a piezoresistive deformation monitoring network 20 and a distributed optical fiber sensor 21 are installed at the junction of the graphene conductive shielding layer 16 and the third nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope 17. The distributed optical fiber sensor 21 is used to monitor the cable deformation and temperature in real time; the axial drainage microgrooves 22 are used to absorb overheating energy and delay thermal decay; the piezoresistive deformation monitoring network 20 is used to sense external extrusion.

[0032] Through the gradient dielectric constant foaming layer 7, the silica aerogel insulation layer 8, and the piezoelectric ceramic particle filling layer 9, the energy loss of the signal in long-distance transmission can be significantly reduced, ensuring that the high-frequency signal still maintains stable strength in tunnels of several kilometers, and avoiding the problem of rapid signal attenuation caused by dielectric loss in traditional cables. By opening a periodic gradient four-shaped groove group 11 and a periodic gradient eight-shaped groove group 12, the narrowband radiation limitation can be broken through. A single-segment cable can cover the full frequency band requirements from low-frequency communication to 5G high frequency, without the need to install cables of different specifications in sections, greatly simplifying the complexity of the system. Through the synergistic effect of the water-blocking expansion belt 25, the axial drainage microgroove 22, the self-repairing sheath outer layer 18 and the self-repairing microcapsule filling 5, it can be completely This cable solves the problems of signal distortion and sheath aging caused by water accumulation in slots in humid environments. Even after long-term immersion or mechanical scratching, the material can autonomously restore its physical integrity, extending the cable's service life in harsh environments such as mines and submarine tunnels. The cable's integrated high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube (1), nano-magnesium oxide flame-retardant filler rope (6), and low-smoke, halogen-free flame-retardant sheath (15) ensure overall fire resistance and high-temperature resistance, preventing insulation meltdowns caused by high temperatures and meeting the highest safety standards for underground confined spaces. Built-in distributed fiber optic sensors (21), axial drainage microgrooves (22), and phase-change temperature control units (19) provide real-time sensing of cable deformation, temperature, and external compression, providing early warning of damage. Compared to traditional manual inspections, this cable accelerates fault location by a hundred times, significantly reducing losses from sudden communication interruptions. Its excellent bending properties and lightweight construction allow for direct installation in narrow corners and on ceilings, reducing installation complexity. Its prefabricated interface design increases installation efficiency by over 40%, eliminating the need for frequent replacement of relay equipment for subsequent maintenance.

[0033] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots, comprising a first high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube (1), a second high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube (2), and a protective layer (3), characterized in that: The first high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube (1) and the second high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube (2) comprise a first nano-magnesium oxide flame-retardant filling rope (4), a nano-carbon tube reinforcement layer (23) and a copper-silver alloy plating layer (24); The protective layer (3) comprises a second nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope (6), a gradient dielectric constant foaming layer (7), a silicon dioxide aerogel insulation layer (8), a piezoelectric ceramic particle filling layer (9), a water-blocking expansion tape (25), an embossed copper-plastic composite tape substrate (10), a shape memory alloy ring (14), a low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant sheath (15), a graphene conductive shielding layer (16), a third nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope (17), and a self-repairing sheath outer layer (18).

2. The low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope (4) is filled between the copper-silver alloy coating (24) and the first high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube (1); the copper-silver alloy coating (24) is installed on the outer wall of the nano-carbon tube reinforcement layer (23); and a self-repairing microcapsule filling (5) is installed between the nano-carbon tube reinforcement layer (23) and the copper-silver alloy coating (24); the self-repairing microcapsule filling (5) is urea-formaldehyde resin wrapped in epoxy resin.

3. The low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second nano-magnesium oxide flame-retardant filling rope (6) is filled between the first high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube (1), the second high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube (2) and the gradient dielectric constant foaming layer (7).

4. The low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodically tapered slots according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gradient dielectric constant foaming layer (7) is installed on the outside of the second high-purity oxygen-free copper spiral corrugated tube (2), the silica aerogel thermal insulation layer (8) is installed on the outside of the gradient dielectric constant foaming layer (7), and the piezoelectric ceramic particle filling layer (9) is filled between the silica aerogel thermal insulation layer (8) and the water-blocking expansion tape (25).

5. The low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water-blocking expansion tape (25) is a sodium acrylate / polyurethane composite tape, and the piezoelectric ceramic particle filling layer (9) is extruded by blending lead zirconate titanate nanoparticles with polyethylene.

6. The low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corrugated copper-plastic composite strip substrate (10) is provided with a periodic gradually changing four-shaped groove group (11) and a periodic gradually changing eight-shaped groove group (12), and anti-deformation reinforcement ribs (13) are installed in the inner cavities of the periodic gradually changing four-shaped groove group (11) and the periodic gradually changing eight-shaped groove group (12). The periodic gradually changing four-shaped groove group (11) and the periodic gradually changing eight-shaped groove group (12) are used to suppress resonance and widen the frequency band to 6 GHz.

7. The low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots according to claim 6, characterized in that: The periodic gradually changing figure-eight groove group (11) is a group in which the long axes of at least two oblique long grooves are distributed in a figure-eight shape, and the included angle is acute, forming a symmetrical structure; the periodic gradually changing figure-eight groove group (12) is a group in which the long axes of at least two oblique long grooves are distributed in a figure-eight shape, and the included angle is acute, forming a symmetrical structure.

8. The low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape memory alloy ring (14) is installed on the outer wall of the corrugated copper-plastic composite strip substrate (10), the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath (15) is installed on the outer wall of the shape memory alloy ring (14), the graphene conductive shielding layer (16) is installed on the outer wall of the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath (15), the third nano-magnesium oxide flame-retardant filling rope (17) is installed on the outer wall of the graphene conductive shielding layer (16), and the self-repairing sheath outer layer (18) is installed on the outer wall of the third nano-magnesium oxide flame-retardant filling rope (17).

9. The low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots according to claim 8, characterized in that: The shape memory alloy ring (14) is formed by annular welding of NiTi alloy wires; the graphene conductive shielding layer (16) is formed by melt co-extrusion of graphene / polyethylene; the self-repairing sheath outer layer (18) is microencapsulated DCPD monomer mixed with polyurethane; and the outer wall of the self-repairing sheath outer layer (18) is provided with axial drainage microgrooves (22).

10. The low-attenuation leaky coaxial cable based on periodic gradient slots according to claim 1, characterized in that: A phase change temperature control unit (19), a piezoresistive deformation monitoring network (20) and a distributed optical fiber sensor (21) are installed at the junction of the graphene conductive shielding layer (16) and the third nano-magnesium oxide flame retardant filling rope (17). The distributed optical fiber sensor (21) is used to monitor the cable deformation and temperature in real time. The axial drainage microgrooves (22) are used to absorb overheating energy and delay thermal decay; The piezoresistive deformation monitoring network (20) is used to sense external extrusion.

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