High-efficiency dynamic control device and method for magnetic circuit of single-phase induction motor

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of motor technology and discloses a high-efficiency dynamic control device and method for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor. The device comprises a single-phase motor, a rotor, a stator, and a control device. By adding a control device to the single-phase induction motor, the motor drives a first rotating component and an inclined plate located on the first rotating component to rotate at an inclined angle. This causes a push rod at the top of the inclined plate and a magnetic ring located on the push rod to move back and forth, allowing them to be inserted into the air gap of the stator. By moving the magnetic ring, the magnetic field generated by the main working winding is efficiently adjusted. During insertion, the magnetic field is enhanced, increasing the motor's starting torque, reducing starting current surges, lowering costs, and reducing failure rates. Furthermore, when the single-phase motor is running under light load, the moving magnetic ring retracts from the air gap. Through active field weakening, iron losses are reduced under light load, improving system efficiency and significantly contributing to energy conservation in long-term electrical operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electric motors, specifically relating to a device and method for efficient dynamic control of the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor. Background Technology

[0002] A single-phase induction motor, also known as a single-phase asynchronous motor, is an asynchronous motor driven by a single-phase AC power supply. It is widely used in household appliances and small industrial equipment. The motor consists of a main winding and an auxiliary winding. It achieves self-starting by forming a phase difference magnetic field through a capacitor or resistor. After starting, it is usually maintained by only the main winding. It has advantages such as simple structure, low maintenance cost, and low noise.

[0003] However, existing single-phase motors rely on starting capacitors or resistors to generate a rotating magnetic field by splitting phases, resulting in starting torque that is usually less than the rated torque and starting current that is large.

[0004] This application proposes a high-efficiency dynamic control device and method for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor, which improves upon the aforementioned deficiencies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a magnetic circuit high-efficiency dynamic control device and method for a single-phase induction motor that can increase the starting torque of a single-phase motor.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A high-efficiency dynamic control device and method for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor, the device comprising a single-phase motor, a capacitor junction box, a fan blade and a fan cover, wherein the capacitor junction box is installed on the top of the single-phase motor, and a fan blade capable of dissipating heat from the motor is also installed inside the single-phase motor, the fan blade being built into the fan cover, and the fan cover being installed on the single-phase motor.

[0008] In one specific implementation scheme, the single-phase motor further includes a rotor, a stator, and a control device. The outer wall of the stator is connected to the single-phase motor, the rotor is installed at the center of the stator, the control device is installed on the rotor, the fan blade is located on the rotor, and the control device is connected and fixed to the interior of the single-phase motor through a connecting column at the bottom.

[0009] In one specific implementation scheme, the control device includes a motor, a first rotating component, a reciprocating component, a second rotating component, a connecting plate, a magnetic ring, and a permanent magnet. The motor is connected to the connecting column and installed inside a single-phase motor. The motor is a small stepper motor, and its output end is connected to the first rotating component. The first rotating component is rotatably engaged with the reciprocating component via a bearing. The other side of the reciprocating component is rotatably engaged with the second rotating component via a bearing. The second rotating component has the same structure as the first rotating component, and the rotation surfaces of the first and second rotating components are inclined surfaces. A connecting plate is rotatably engaged on the second rotating component, and the second rotating component rotates on the connecting plate. The top of the connecting plate is connected to the rotor via a rotary bearing. The other end of the reciprocating component is connected to the magnetic ring, which can drive the magnetic ring to move. A permanent magnet is installed on the back side of the magnetic ring, and the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet is the N pole. The magnetic ring is a stack of silicon steel sheets.

[0010] In one specific implementation scheme, the reciprocating component includes a slant plate, a universal ball joint, a push rod, and a connecting block. The two sides of the slant plate are rotatably connected to the first rotating component and the second rotating component. The top of the slant plate is rotatably fitted with a universal ball joint. One side of the universal ball joint is connected to the push rod. The other end of the push rod is rotatably fitted with a connecting block. The connecting block is connected to a magnetic ring and can drive the magnetic ring to move.

[0011] In one specific implementation scheme, a limiting frame is installed on the top of the motor. The limiting frame slides with the connecting block, and the connecting block is located inside the limiting frame. The limiting frame can limit the movement of the connecting block, so that the connecting block can only move back and forth.

[0012] In one specific implementation, the stator includes an auxiliary slot and a drive coil. The auxiliary slot is formed at the root of the stator teeth, and the drive coil is embedded in the auxiliary slot. The drive coil is parallel to the axial direction of the single-phase motor and aligned with the center of the permanent magnet. The drive coil is electrically driven by an external control unit. A magnetic shielding layer is provided between the drive coil and the main winding on the stator. This shielding layer is made of permalloy sheets and is isolated from the main working magnetic circuit through the magnetic shielding layer, so as not to affect the operation of the main working magnetic circuit.

[0013] In one specific implementation scheme, the rotor includes an end cover, a filter screen, and a guide mechanism. The end cover is installed on a single-phase motor to protect the inside of the motor. The end cover has several ventilation holes and a filter screen is installed on it. A guide mechanism is provided on one side of the end cover. The guide mechanism is connected to the rotor and can rotate with the rotor.

[0014] In one specific implementation, the guiding mechanism includes a fixing ring, a sponge brush, an L-plate, and guide blocks. The fixing ring is mounted on the rotor. A sponge brush is installed on the side of the fixing ring near the filter screen, and the position of the sponge brush corresponds to that of the filter screen. An L-plate is fixed on the other side of the fixing ring. A plurality of guide blocks are arrayed on the L-plate, and the positions of the guide blocks on the L-plate are alternately arranged.

[0015] In one specific implementation scheme, the guide block has a wave-shaped structure and a retaining ball is installed at the bottom. The retaining ball rotates in conjunction with several slots on the L-plate, enabling the guide block to rotate omnidirectionally on the L-plate.

[0016] In a specific feasible implementation, the method for efficient dynamic control of the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor is as follows:

[0017] S1, When the single-phase motor starts, the control unit drives the motor to run, which drives the first rotating component to rotate. The first rotating component drives the inclined plate to tilt and rotate under the action of the rotation of the second rotating component, causing the push rod to move back and forth. The push rod is limited by the limit frame, which drives the magnetic ring to move back and forth.

[0018] S2, the magnetic field generated by the air gap adjustment coil between the stator and rotor when the magnetic ring is inserted into the magnetic ring;

[0019] S3. At the same time, a single-phase motor start signal is detected. The external control module supplies positive current to the drive coil, which generates an attractive force to drive the permanent magnet to drive the magnetic ring to insert into the air gap.

[0020] S4, when the magnetic ring is inserted to the set depth, the drive coil current and motor are cut off, and the position of the magnetic ring is maintained by the permanent magnet attraction.

[0021] S5, when running under light load, a reverse current is passed through the drive coil to generate an N-pole magnetic field. The permanent magnet is repelled by the repulsive force and continues to drive the motor to rotate, causing the push rod to move backward. Under the action of the push rod and the repulsive force, the magnetic ring is removed from the air gap.

[0022] S6, the rotor drives the fixed ring to rotate synchronously, and the filter screen on the end cover is cleaned by the sponge brush;

[0023] S7, the fixed ring drives the L plate and guide block to rotate, and the guide block adjusts irregular angles under its own gravity.

[0024] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, the efficient dynamic control device and method for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The present invention adds a control device to the single-phase induction motor. The motor drives the first rotating part and the inclined plate on the first rotating part to rotate together at an inclined angle, thereby driving the push rod on the top of the inclined plate and the magnetic ring on the push rod to move back and forth and be inserted into the air gap of the stator. By moving the magnetic ring, the magnetic field generated by the main working winding is efficiently adjusted. When inserted, the magnetic field is enhanced, the starting torque of the motor is increased, the starting current impact is reduced, and the cost and failure rate are reduced.

[0026] (2) By moving the magnetic ring out of the air gap when the single-phase motor is running under light load, the present invention can reduce iron loss and improve system efficiency by actively weakening the magnet. This is of great significance for energy saving of electrical appliances that have been running for a long time.

[0027] (3) The present invention adds a permanent magnet on the magnetic ring and cooperates with the drive coil on the stator. The drive coil is supplied with a positive current to generate an S pole magnetic field, which in turn attracts the permanent magnet. The permanent magnet drives the magnetic ring to move and insert into the air gap. In cooperation with the control device, the effect and speed of the magnetic ring regulating electromagnetic field are improved. When the magnetic ring is inserted to a set depth, the current of the drive coil is cut off. The position of the magnetic ring is maintained by the permanent magnet attraction, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the control device.

[0028] (4) The present invention provides a guide mechanism on the rotor of a single-phase motor, and uses a sponge brush on the fixed ring to clean the filter screen on the end cover, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation of the motor and the filtration effect of the filter screen. When the fixed ring rotates, it will drive the L plate and several guide blocks to rotate simultaneously. Under the action of rotation and the gravity of the guide blocks themselves, the guide blocks will be driven to rotate at irregular angles, thereby guiding and dispersing the air blown in by the motor fan blades, and then entering the motor through the end cover to dissipate heat from the motor, thus ensuring the heat dissipation effect inside the single-phase motor. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-efficiency dynamic control device for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor in the embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the control device in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the control device in the embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the reciprocating component in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the stator and the magnetic ring in the embodiments of this application;

[0035] Figure 6 Examples of this application Figure 5 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the generation of the magnetic field of the driving coil in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the guide mechanism in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the guiding mechanism in the embodiments of this application;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the guide block in an embodiment of this application.

[0040] In the diagram: Single-phase motor-1, capacitor junction box-2, fan blade-3, fan cover-4, rotor-5, stator-6, control device-7, motor-71, first rotating component-72, reciprocating component-73, second rotating component-74, connecting plate-75, magnetic ring-76, permanent magnet-77, inclined plate-731, universal ball-shaped component-732, push rod-733, connecting block-734, limit frame-711, auxiliary groove-61, drive coil-62, end cover-11, filter screen-12, guide mechanism-13, fixing ring-81, sponge brush-82, L-plate-83, guide block-84, retaining ball-841. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0042] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-6 The specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0043] A high-efficiency dynamic control device and method for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor. The device includes a single-phase motor 1, a capacitor junction box 2, a fan blade 3, and a fan cover 4. The capacitor junction box 2 is installed on the top of the single-phase motor 1. The fan blade 3, which can dissipate heat from the motor, is also installed inside the single-phase motor 1. The fan blade 3 is built into the fan cover 4, which is installed on the single-phase motor 1.

[0044] Please see Figure 2The single-phase motor 1 also includes a rotor 5, a stator 6 and a control device 7. The outer wall of the stator 6 is connected to the single-phase motor 1. The rotor 5 is installed at the center of the stator 6. The control device 7 is installed on the rotor 5. The fan blade 3 is located on the rotor 5. The control device 7 is connected and fixed to the inside of the single-phase motor 1 through the connecting column at the bottom. The magnetic circuit inside the single-phase motor 1 can be adjusted through the control device 7.

[0045] Please see Figure 3 The control device 7 includes a motor 71, a first rotating component 72, a reciprocating component 73, a second rotating component 74, a connecting plate 75, a magnetic ring 76, and a permanent magnet 77. The motor 71 is connected to the connecting column and installed inside the single-phase motor 1. The motor 71 is a small stepper motor, and its output end is connected to the first rotating component 72. The first rotating component 72 is rotatably engaged with the reciprocating component 73 through a bearing. The other side of the reciprocating component 73 is rotatably engaged with the second rotating component 74 through a bearing. The second rotating component 74 has the same structure as the first rotating component 72, and the rotation surfaces of the first rotating component 72 and the second rotating component 74 are inclined surfaces. The connecting plate 75 is rotatably engaged on the second rotating component 74. The second rotating component 74 rotates on the connecting plate 75. The top of the connecting plate 75 is connected to the rotor 5 through a rotary bearing, which can play a balancing and stabilizing role in the installation of the control device 7. The other end of the reciprocating component 73 is connected to the magnetic ring 76, which can drive the magnetic ring 76 to move. A permanent magnet 77 is installed on the back side of the magnetic ring 76. The magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 77 is the N pole. The magnetic ring 76 is a stack of silicon steel sheets. A position sensor is built into the magnetic ring 76, which can detect the position of the magnetic ring in real time and feed back an electrical signal to the external control unit. When the magnetic ring 76 is inserted into the air gap and reaches the target value, the control unit will stop the operation of the control device 7.

[0046] Please see Figures 3-4 The reciprocating component 73 includes a slant plate 731, a universal ball 732, a push rod 733, and a connecting block 734. The two sides of the slant plate 731 are rotatably connected to the first rotating component 72 and the second rotating component 74. The top of the slant plate 731 is rotatably fitted with the universal ball 732. One side of the universal ball 732 is connected to the push rod 733. The other end of the push rod 733 is rotatably fitted with the connecting block 734. The connecting block 734 is connected to the magnetic ring 76 and can drive the magnetic ring 76 to move.

[0047] Please see Figures 3-4 A limit frame 711 is installed on the top of the motor 71. The limit frame 711 is slidably engaged with the connecting block 734. The connecting block 734 is located inside the limit frame 711. The limit frame 711 can limit the movement of the connecting block 734, so that the connecting block 734 can only move back and forth.

[0048] Please see Figures 3-4The motor 71 drives the first rotating component 72 connected to it to rotate. When the first rotating component 72 rotates, it drives the inclined plate 731 connected to it to rotate at an inclined angle under the action of the second rotating component 74. This causes the push rod 733 at the top of the inclined plate 731 to move back and forth. When the push rod 733 moves, the position of the connecting block 734 is limited by the limiting frame 711, which allows the push rod 733 to drive the connecting block 734 to move back and forth. This allows the magnetic ring 76, which is fixed to the connecting block 734, to move back and forth and be inserted into the air gap between the stator 6 and the rotor 5. The magnetic field generated by the main working winding of the coil is adjusted by moving the magnetic ring 76. The magnetic ring 76 provides a low magnetic reluctance path. Due to the high magnetic permeability (μ) of its material, which is much higher than that of air (μ≈μ0), according to the magnetic reluctance formula R = l / (μ * A) When the length l and area A are similar, high permeability μ means low magnetic reluctance R. Therefore, during insertion, it is equivalent to connecting a low magnetic reluctance branch in parallel in this region. According to the principle of magnetic circuit shunting, more magnetic flux will be attracted to flow through this low magnetic reluctance path. This will result in an increase in the local magnetic flux density in the target region, and a decrease in the equivalent magnetic reluctance of the air gap in the original path, thereby reducing the effective air gap at that point, reducing magnetic reluctance, and strengthening the magnetic field. However, during withdrawal, the low magnetic reluctance branch is removed, increasing magnetic reluctance and weakening the magnetic field.

[0049] Please see Figure 5 The stator 6 includes an auxiliary slot 61 and a drive coil 62. The auxiliary slot 61 is provided at the tooth root of the stator 6, and the drive coil 62 is embedded in the auxiliary slot 61. The drive coil 62 is parallel to the axial direction of the single-phase motor 1 and aligned with the center of the permanent magnet 77. The drive coil 62 is driven by an external control unit. A magnetic shielding layer is provided between the drive coil 62 and the main winding on the stator 6. The shielding layer is made of permalloy sheets and is isolated from the main working magnetic circuit through the magnetic shielding layer, so as not to affect the operation of the main working magnetic circuit.

[0050] Please see Figures 5-6 When a start signal of the single-phase motor 1 is detected, the external control module supplies a positive current to the drive coil 62, generating an S-pole magnetic field in the region of the drive coil 62, which in turn attracts the permanent magnet 77, driving the permanent magnet 77 to move and insert the magnetic ring 76 into the air gap. When the magnetic ring 76 is inserted to a set depth, the current to the drive coil 62 is cut off, and the position of the magnetic ring 76 is maintained by the permanent magnet attraction. Then, by supplying a reverse current to the drive coil 62, an N-pole magnetic field is generated in the region of the drive coil 62, at which point the permanent magnet 77 is repelled and will be pulled outward.

[0051] Example 2: Please refer to Figures 7-9 The specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0052] Please see Figure 7The rotor 5 includes an end cover 11, a filter screen 12, and a guide mechanism 13. The end cover 11 is installed on the single-phase motor 1 to protect the inside of the motor. The end cover 11 has several ventilation holes and a filter screen 12 is installed on it. The filter screen 12 can prevent a large amount of dust from entering the inside of the motor. A guide mechanism 13 is provided on one side of the end cover 11. The guide mechanism 13 is connected to the rotor 5 and can rotate with the rotor 5.

[0053] Please see Figure 8 The guiding mechanism 13 includes a fixing ring 81, a sponge brush 82, an L-plate 83, and guide blocks 84. The fixing ring 81 is mounted on the rotor 5. The sponge brush 82 is mounted on the side of the fixing ring 81 near the filter screen 12. The position of the sponge brush 82 corresponds to the filter screen 12 and can clean the filter screen 12. The L-plate 83 is fixed on the other side of the fixing ring 81. Several guide blocks 84 are arrayed on the L-plate 83. The positions of the guide blocks 84 on the L-plate 83 are alternately arranged.

[0054] Please see Figure 9 The guide block 84 has a wave-shaped structure and a retaining ball 841 is installed at the bottom. The retaining ball 841 rotates with several slots on the L plate 83, enabling the guide block 84 to rotate omnidirectionally on the L plate 83, thereby adjusting the angle of the guide block 84.

[0055] Please see Figures 8-9 When the motor rotor 5 rotates, it drives the connected fixed ring 81 to rotate synchronously. The sponge brush 82 on the fixed ring 81 cleans the filter screen 12 on the end cover 11, ensuring heat dissipation inside the motor and the filtration effect of the filter screen 12. When the fixed ring 81 rotates, it drives the L plate 83 and several guide blocks 84 on the L plate 83 to rotate synchronously. Under the action of rotation and the gravity of the guide blocks 84, the guide blocks 84 rotate at irregular angles on the L plate 83. The wave structure guides and disperses the air blown in by the motor fan blade 3, and then enters the motor through the end cover 11 to dissipate heat from the motor.

[0056] Based on the above embodiments, the method for efficient dynamic control of the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor is specifically used as follows:

[0057] S1, when the single-phase motor 1 is started and used, the control unit drives the motor 71 inside the single-phase motor 1 to run. The motor 71 drives the first rotating part 72 to rotate. When the first rotating part 72 rotates, it will drive the inclined plate 731 connected to it to rotate together under the action of the rotation of the second rotating part 74, thereby driving the push rod 733 at the top of the inclined plate 731 to move back and forth. When the push rod 733 moves, it is limited by the position of the limit frame 711, which enables the push rod 733 to drive the magnetic ring 76 to move back and forth.

[0058] S2, when the magnetic ring 76 is inserted into the air gap between the stator 6 and the rotor 5, the magnetic field generated by the main working winding of the coil is adjusted by moving the magnetic ring 76. The magnetic ring 76 provides a low magnetic resistance path. When inserted, it is equivalent to connecting a low magnetic resistance branch in parallel in this area. More magnetic flux will be attracted to flow through this low magnetic resistance path. This will result in an increase in the local magnetic flux density in the target area and a decrease in the equivalent magnetic resistance of the air gap in the original path. This will reduce the effective air gap at this point, reduce the magnetic resistance, enhance the magnetic field, improve the starting torque of the motor, reduce the starting current surge, and reduce costs and failure rate.

[0059] S3. At the same time, when the start signal of the single-phase motor 1 is detected, the external control module sends a positive current to the drive coil 62 provided in the stator 6, so that the drive coil 62 generates an S pole magnetic field, which in turn attracts the permanent magnet 77 on the magnetic ring 76, drives the permanent magnet 77 to move the magnetic ring 76 and insert it into the air gap, which can cooperate with the control device 7.

[0060] S4, when the insertion depth of the magnetic ring 76 reaches the set value, the current of the drive coil 62 and the motor 71 in the control device 7 are cut off, and the position of the magnetic ring 76 is maintained by the permanent magnet attraction.

[0061] S5, when the single-phase motor 1 is running under light load, by passing a reverse current through the drive coil 62, a N-pole magnetic field is generated in the region of the drive coil 62. At this time, the permanent magnet 77 will be repelled and will be pushed outward. Then, the drive motor 71 continues to rotate, which will drive the push rod 733 to move back and forth. Under the repulsive force of the push rod 733 and the drive coil 62, the magnetic ring 76 will be pushed out of the air gap, thereby removing the low magnetic resistance branch, increasing the magnetic resistance, weakening the magnetic field and thus improving the efficiency under light load.

[0062] S6, and when the single-phase motor 1 is running, the rotor 5 drives the connected fixed ring 81 to rotate synchronously, and the sponge brush 82 provided on the fixed ring 81 cleans the filter screen 12 on the end cover 11, ensuring the heat dissipation of the motor and the filtration effect of the filter screen 12.

[0063] S7. When the fixed ring 81 rotates, it will synchronously drive the L plate 83 and several guide blocks 84 located on the L plate 83 to rotate. Under the action of rotation and the gravity of the guide blocks 84 themselves, the guide blocks 84 will rotate at irregular angles on the L plate 83. In this way, the wave structure will guide and disperse the air blown in by the motor fan blade 3, and then enter the motor through the end cover 11 to dissipate heat from the motor. This ensures that the single-phase motor 1 will not accumulate heat due to the installation of the control device 7.

[0064] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0065] The control method of the present invention is through a controller. The control circuit of the controller can be implemented by simple programming by those skilled in the art. The power supply is also common knowledge in the art. Therefore, the control method and circuit connection will not be explained in detail in the present invention.

[0066] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency dynamic control device for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor, the device comprising a single-phase motor (1), a capacitor junction box (2) mounted on the top of the single-phase motor (1), a fan blade (3) disposed inside the single-phase motor (1), and a fan cover (4) located on one side of the single-phase motor (1), the single-phase motor (1) further comprising a rotor (5), a stator (6), and a control device (7), the outer wall of the stator (6) being connected to the single-phase motor (1), the rotor (5) being mounted at the center of the stator (6), the control device (7) being mounted on the rotor (5), the fan blade (3) being located on the rotor (5), and the control device (7) being connected to the interior of the single-phase motor (1) via a connecting post at the bottom; characterized in that: The control device (7) includes a motor (71), a first rotating component (72) located at the output end of the motor (71), a reciprocating component (73) for rotating with the first rotating component (72) via a bearing, a second rotating component (74) located on the other side of the reciprocating component (73) for rotating with the second rotating component (74), a magnetic ring (76) located at the other end of the reciprocating component (73) and a permanent magnet (77) installed on the back side of the magnetic ring (76). The magnetic pole of the permanent magnet (77) is the N pole, and the magnetic ring (76) is a stack of silicon steel sheets. The stator (6) includes an auxiliary slot (61) and a drive coil (62). The stator (6) has an auxiliary slot (61) at the tooth root. The drive coil (62) is embedded in the auxiliary slot (61). The drive coil (62) is parallel to the axis of the single-phase motor (1) and aligned with the center of the permanent magnet (77). The drive coil (62) is electrically driven by an external control unit. A magnetic shielding layer is provided between the drive coil (62) and the main winding on the stator (6). The shielding layer is made of permalloy sheets and is isolated from the main working magnetic circuit through the magnetic shielding layer. The rotor (5) includes an end cap (11), a plurality of vent holes provided on the end cap (11) and a filter screen (12) installed thereon, and a guide mechanism (13) located on one side of the end cap (11). The guiding mechanism (13) includes a fixing ring (81), a sponge brush (82) located on the side of the fixing ring (81) near the filter screen (12), an L plate (83) located on the other side of the fixing ring (81), and a plurality of guide blocks (84) arrayed on the L plate (83). The plurality of guide blocks (84) are alternately arranged on the L plate (83). The reciprocating component (73) includes a slant plate (731), a universal ball (732) rotatably engaged at the top of the slant plate (731), a push rod (733) located on one side of the universal ball (732), and a connecting block (734) rotatably engaged with the other end of the push rod (733). The connecting block (734) is connected to the magnetic ring (76) and can drive the magnetic ring (76) to move.

2. The high-efficiency dynamic control device for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limiting frame (711) is installed on the top of the motor (71), and the limiting frame (711) is slidably engaged with the connecting block (734), which is located inside the limiting frame (711).

3. The high-efficiency dynamic control device for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide block (84) has a wave-shaped structure and a ball (841) is installed at the bottom. The ball (841) rotates with several slots on the L plate (83) to enable the guide block (84) to rotate in all directions on the L plate (83).

4. The high-efficiency dynamic control device for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second rotating member (74) has the same structure as the first rotating member (72), and the rotating surfaces of the first rotating member (72) and the second rotating member (74) are inclined surfaces.

5. A method for efficient dynamic control of the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor, characterized in that: The high-efficiency dynamic control device for the magnetic circuit of the single-phase induction motor as described in claim 4 has the following control method: S1, when the single-phase motor (1) starts, the control unit drives the motor (71) to run, which drives the first rotating part (72) to rotate. The first rotating part (72) drives the inclined plate (731) to tilt and rotate under the rotation of the second rotating part (74), causing the push rod (733) to move back and forth. The push rod (733) is limited by the limit frame (711), which drives the magnetic ring (76) to move back and forth. S2, the magnetic ring (76) is inserted into the magnetic field generated by the air gap regulating coil between the stator (6) and the rotor (5); S3, at the same time, the start signal of the single-phase motor (1) is detected, and the external control module sends a positive current to the drive coil (62) to generate an attractive force to drive the permanent magnet (77) to drive the magnetic ring (76) to insert into the air gap; S4, when the insertion depth of the magnetic ring (76) reaches the set value, the current of the drive coil (62) and the motor (71) are cut off, and the position of the magnetic ring (76) is maintained by the permanent magnet attraction. S5, when running under light load, a reverse current is passed through the drive coil (62) to generate an N-pole magnetic field. The permanent magnet (77) is repelled by the repulsive force and continues to drive the motor (71) to rotate, causing the push rod (733) to move backward. Under the action of the push rod (733) and the repulsive force, the magnetic ring (76) is removed from the air gap. S6, the rotor (5) drives the fixed ring (81) to rotate synchronously, and the filter screen (12) on the end cover (11) is cleaned by the sponge brush (82); S7, the fixed ring (81) drives the L plate (83) and the guide block (84) to rotate, and the guide block (84) adjusts the angle irregularly under its own gravity.

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