Composition

Abstract

The present specification relates to a composition, a fire extinguishing device, and a use thereof. The present specification discloses compositions, fire extinguishing devices, and uses thereof that can be applied to products or elements having the possibility of heat, fire, and / or explosion during drive, storage, and / or maintenance processes to effectively respond to heat, fire, and / or explosion. The present specification discloses substantially non-flammable and non-toxic compositions and uses thereof.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0072165, filed on June 5, 2023, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] This specification discloses a composition, a fire extinguishing device and uses thereof. Background Art

[0003] Technologies for handling heat generated by products are becoming increasingly important, but handling, maintaining, and controlling heat in products composed of multiple heat-generating elements (heating elements) is a challenge.

[0004] For example, it is very important to prevent the so-called TR (Thermal Runaway) or TP (Thermal Propagation) phenomenon from occurring in a battery module or battery pack. A battery module or battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells or a plurality of battery modules positioned relatively adjacent to each other. In such a structure, the phenomenon in which abnormal heating, fire, and / or explosion occurring in one battery cell and / or battery module is transmitted to other adjacent battery cells in a chain reaction is called TR or TP phenomenon. From the perspective of safety, chain reaction fires or chain reaction explosions caused by such TR or TP phenomena must be managed.

[0005] In order to manage TR, TP, etc., a method of using a material having a fire extinguishing function may be considered.

[0006] For example, if a material having a fire extinguishing function is positioned adjacent to a plurality of heat generating products and exhibits a fire extinguishing function when abnormal heating, fire and / or explosion has occurred, it can cope with TR and TP phenomena, etc.

[0007] Depending on the product in which the fire extinguishing material is used, it may be necessary to ensure that the fire extinguishing material remains substantially in a liquid phase at low temperatures. For example, a battery cell may experience significant volume expansion during charging or use. However, if the adjacent fire extinguishing material is solid at the time of volume expansion, it may not be able to effectively respond to the stress caused by the volume expansion.

[0008] Furthermore, if the fire extinguishing material is applied in a liquid phase and then exposed to a low temperature environment to be converted into a solid phase, a volume change or a hardness change occurs during the process, so that it may adversely affect adjacent products.

[0009] Furthermore, it can be advantageous to vaporize fire extinguishing materials to perform fire extinguishing functions. For example, when using water as a fire extinguishing material, if it is vaporized and converted into water vapor by the heat generated during abnormal heating, fire, and / or explosion, it can quickly perform fire extinguishing functions over a wider range. However, if water becomes a solid state (e.g., ice) in a low-temperature environment, the vaporization efficiency may decrease.

[0010] However, while the fire extinguishing function of the fire extinguishing material is performed in a timely manner, it is not easy to make it exist in a liquid phase at low temperatures. For example, as mentioned above, water is a useful fire extinguishing material, but it may easily convert to a solid phase at low temperatures due to its high freezing point. Summary of the Invention

[0011] Technical issues

[0012] This specification relates to compositions, fire extinguishing devices and uses thereof. Composition can be a fire extinguishing composition. This specification is intended to disclose a product or element that can be applied to the possibility of heating, catching fire and / or exploding during driving, storage and / or maintenance process to effectively respond to compositions, fire extinguishing devices and uses thereof that heat, catch fire and / or explode. For example, when a fire extinguishing composition or a fire extinguishing device is applied to a product comprising a plurality of products or elements, it can respond to abnormal heating, explosion and / or catching fire that occurs in one of the elements or products, and prevent or minimize such heating, explosion and / or catching fire from propagating to other adjacent elements or products.

[0013] The present specification also aims to disclose a substantially non-flammable and non-toxic fire extinguishing composition, and a fire extinguishing device containing the same.

[0014] This specification also aims to provide a use of a fire extinguishing device.

[0015] Technical Solution

[0016] The term room temperature means a natural temperature without heating or cooling, and for example, the room temperature may be any temperature within a range of about 10°C to 30°C, or a temperature around about 23°C, about 25°C, or about 27°C.

[0017] Among the physical properties mentioned in this specification, physical properties affected by measurement temperature are physical properties measured at room temperature unless otherwise specified.

[0018] Unless otherwise specified, all temperatures mentioned in this specification are in degrees Celsius (° C.).

[0019] The term normal pressure means a natural pressure without increased or decreased pressure, which may generally mean a pressure of about 730 mmHg to 790 mmHg or so.

[0020] Among the physical properties mentioned in this specification, unless otherwise specified, the physical properties affected by the measurement pressure are physical properties measured under normal pressure.

[0021] Among the physical properties mentioned in this specification, unless otherwise specified, the physical properties affected by the measured humidity are physical properties measured under standard humidity.

[0022] Standard state humidity means any relative humidity within the range of 40% to 60%, for example, a relative humidity around about 55% or about 60%.

[0023] This specification discloses compositions. The term composition may refer to a mixture of two or more different components. The composition may be a fire extinguishing composition. A fire extinguishing composition is a composition capable of responding to abnormal heating, fire, and explosion.

[0024] The term fire extinguishing mentioned in this specification does not necessarily mean a fire extinguishing function, but has a meaning including all functions that respond to abnormal heating, fire and / or explosion while including a fire extinguishing function.

[0025] The term non-flammability mentioned in this specification may mean that the target material has no flash point, which means a case where the flash point is 120° C. or higher such that the flash point reaches a level capable of responding to heat generation, fire, and / or explosion.

[0026] In this specification, the term non-toxic means an environment-friendly and human-friendly situation because toxic gas emission is less or does not exist.

[0027] The composition may be non-flammable and formulated to be environmentally and human-friendly.

[0028] For example, according to the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 704 standard, the flammability rating of a composition may be 0 or 1. The NFPA 704 standard is a standard announced by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) of the United States, which is a standard expressed in a so-called fire diamond created to enable rapid response to hazardous materials in an emergency, and the flammability rating is represented by a red area. The standard is divided into 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 levels, where 0 means no flammability, and 1 means that it ignites when heated sufficiently, which is approximately a flash point of 93°C or higher. Such a flammability rating evaluation method follows the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 704 standard.

[0029] According to the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 704 standard, the composition can exhibit non-flammability with a flammability rating of 0 or 1. For example, according to the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 704 standard, the composition can have a health hazard rating of 0, 1, or 2. The health hazard rating is represented by the blue area in the fire diamond of the NFPA 704 standard. The standard is divided into levels 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, where Level 0 is a situation where there is no health hazard and no special precautions are required, Level 1 is a situation where there is a potential for causing minor injury upon exposure, and Level 2 is a situation where there is a potential for causing temporary incapacity or injury upon continuous / normal contact but not prolonged contact.

[0030] In order for the composition to exhibit the aforementioned ratings, the components constituting the composition may also use materials that exhibit the aforementioned flammability and / or health hazard ratings.

[0031] The composition includes a solvent having fire extinguishing properties. Furthermore, the freezing point of the fire extinguishing composition may be lower than the freezing point of the solvent. The vaporizable solvents described below generally exhibit suitable fire extinguishing properties, but have relatively high freezing points, making it difficult to maintain the fire extinguishing composition in a liquid phase in a low-temperature environment. This specification allows for the provision of fire extinguishing compositions having a low freezing point while containing a sufficient amount of the vaporizable solvent by adjusting the composition of the fire extinguishing composition.

[0032] The composition may include a solvent. Such a solvent has a fire extinguishing function. Therefore, when heating, ignition and / or explosion have occurred in a target object adjacent to the composition, the solvent may be used to reduce heat by heat exchange, etc., or to eliminate the flame generated by ignition and / or explosion. The solvent may correspond to a vaporizable solvent. A vaporizable solvent is a solvent that can be vaporized under certain temperature and / or pressure conditions. The composition disclosed herein may occur at a time point (e.g., at a time point when abnormal heating, ignition and / or explosion or abnormal heating, ignition and / or explosion are at risk of occurring) when it is necessary to vaporize such a solvent, and may be formulated to form a form suitable for abnormal heating, ignition and / or explosion. The gas discharged to the outside by such vaporization may quickly exhibit the above-mentioned fire extinguishing function in a wider range.

[0033] As the vaporizable solvent, a solvent having a freezing point and / or boiling point within a certain range can be used. Unless otherwise specified, the freezing point and boiling point mentioned in this specification are the freezing point and boiling point at 1 atmosphere.

[0034] For example, the lower limit of the freezing point of the vaporizable solvent may be around -10°C, -8°C, -6°C, -5°C, -4°C, -3°C, -2°C, -1°C, or 0°C, and the upper limit thereof may be around 10°C, 9°C, 8°C, 7°C, 6°C, 5°C, 4°C, 3°C, 2°C, or 1°C. The freezing point may be within a range less than, equal to, or less than any of the above upper limits; or within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the above lower limits; or within a range less than, equal to, or less than any of the above upper limits and within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the above lower limits.

[0035] The boiling point of the vaporizable solvent can be within a certain range to exhibit appropriate vaporization properties. For example, the lower limit of the boiling point of the vaporizable solvent can be around 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, or 95°C, and the upper limit can be around 120°C, 115°C, 110°C, or 105°C. The boiling point can be within a range less than, equal to, or less than any of the aforementioned upper limits; or within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits; or within a range less than, equal to, or less than any of the aforementioned upper limits and within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits. Such freezing point and / or boiling point can be adjusted according to the application of the fire extinguishing device as described below.

[0036] As the vaporizable solvent, any suitable type can be selected and used without particular limitation, as long as it has a freezing point and / or boiling point within the ranges described. In addition, as the solvent, any type that is non-flammable or has less or no toxic gas emissions can be selected from known solvents.

[0037] A representative example of the vaporizable solvent having a freezing point and / or boiling point within the range is water, and thus, water may be used as the vaporizable solvent of the composition, but the type of applicable vaporizable solvent is not limited thereto.

[0038] For example, the lower limit of the content of the vaporizable solvent in the composition can be about 10 weight %, 15 weight %, 20 weight %, 25 weight %, 30 weight %, 35 weight %, 40 weight %, 45 weight %, 50 weight % or 55 weight %, and its upper limit can be about 95 weight %, 90 weight %, 85 weight %, 80 weight %, 75 weight %, 70 weight %, 65 weight % or 60 weight %. The ratio can be in the range of less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above-mentioned upper limits; or in the range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above-mentioned lower limits; or in the range of less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above-mentioned upper limits and in the range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above-mentioned lower limits. The solvent included in such a range can effectively work in various exothermic, ignition and / or explosive environments.

[0039] The fire extinguishing composition may include a vaporizable solvent while exhibiting a lower freezing point than the vaporizable solvent.

[0040] For example, the lower limit of the freezing point of the fire extinguishing composition may be around -60°C, -55°C, -50°C, -45°C, -40°C, -35°C, -30°C, or -25°C, and the upper limit may be around -20°C, -25°C, or -30°C. The freezing point may be within a range less than or equal to, or less than, any of the aforementioned upper limits; or within a range greater than or equal to, or greater than, any of the aforementioned lower limits; or within a range less than or equal to, or less than, any of the aforementioned upper limits and greater than or equal to, or greater than, any of the aforementioned lower limits. With a freezing point within this range, the fire extinguishing composition is stably maintained in a liquid phase at a constant low temperature, thereby effectively and quickly responding to heat generation, fire, and / or explosion, and preventing adverse effects on surrounding components or products due to volume changes or hardness changes caused by phase transitions.

[0041] The composition may contain additional components to ensure the freezing point.

[0042] For example, the composition may include a freezing point modifier.

[0043] The term freezing point modifier may refer to a component wherein the freezing point of the fire extinguishing composition as described above is achieved by virtue of the presence of the component. There are a variety of substances known to be able to control the freezing point, but these substances may exhibit flammability or produce toxic gases. The compositions disclosed herein may include a non-flammable and / or non-toxic freezing point modifier.

[0044] The freezing point modifier may be free radical reactive. When energy, such as heat, is applied thereto, the freezing point modifier may decompose and combine with active free radicals (e.g., H radicals or OH radicals) of the combustible material to form a stable product. For example, when the freezing point modifier is potassium carbonate (K2CO3), potassium formate (HCOOK), potassium acetate (CH3COOK), etc., as described below, it forms potassium radicals (K*), and K* combines with OH to form a stable product, such as KOH. In addition, a freezing point modifier having such free radical reactivity can effectively resist heating, fire, and / or explosion.

[0045] In addition, the freezing point adjuster may be a gas generating freezing point adjuster. When heat is applied thereto, the freezing point adjuster may decompose to generate gas. In addition, the freezing point adjuster may also serve as a gas generating material to be described below.

[0046] In the freezing point regulator of this specification, the gas produced after the freezing point regulator is exposed for 8 hours can be nontoxic. In order to make the freezing point regulator show non-flammability and / or nontoxicity, the component that does not comprise any specific functional group can be used. The freezing point regulator comprising specific components or functional groups may be flammable and / or toxic, which may be included in the composition to form a flammable and / or toxic composition. The component comprising the component or functional group may produce known toxic gases, such as chlorine, ammonia and the gas comprising halogen elements, such as hydrofluoric acid. In the freezing point regulator of this specification, for example, the component that does not comprise hydroxyl and / or chlorine can be used, and such component can be used: do not comprise any component that produces other sulfur dioxide gases, ammonia and ethylene oxide or produces related components. In addition, the component that does not comprise halogen elements, such as hydrofluoric acid can be used.

[0047] The amount of the freezing point adjuster added may be adjusted in consideration of the desired freezing point of the fire extinguishing composition and, if necessary, the vaporization form. The freezing point adjuster may be present in an amount such that ΔT2 of the following equation 2 is within a predetermined range.

[0048] [Equation 2]

[0049] ΔT2=1.86×M2×I2

[0050] In Equation 2, M2 is the molar concentration of the freezing point adjuster contained in the composition relative to the solvent. That is, M2 is the number of moles of the freezing point adjuster per 1 kg of the solvent. When the freezing point adjuster is an ionic compound, in Equation 2, I2 is the number of moles of ions produced when 1 mole of the ionic compound dissociates. In this case, dissociation means when the ionic compound is completely dissociated. When the freezing point adjuster is not an ionic compound, I2 is 1.

[0051] When two or more freezing point adjusters are present in the composition, ΔT2 of each freezing point adjuster is calculated, and the sum thereof is used as ΔT2 of Equation 2.

[0052] ΔT2 is selected taking into account the desired freezing point and, if necessary, the vaporization pattern. The lower limit of ΔT2 may be around 5, 10, 15, or 20, and the upper limit thereof may be around 38, 35, 30, 25, 20, or 15. ΔT2 may be within a range less than or equal to, or less than any of the aforementioned upper limits; or within a range greater than or equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits; or within a range less than or equal to, or less than any of the aforementioned upper limits while also within a range greater than or equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits. Within such a range, the composition can be formulated so that it remains in a liquid phase at the necessary time point and vaporizes at the desired time point, while the associated vaporization can occur very quickly.

[0053] The lower limit of the weight of the freezing point regulator relative to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable solvent may be 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 21 parts by weight, 22 parts by weight, 23 parts by weight, 24 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 26 parts by weight, 27 parts by weight, 28 parts by weight, 29 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 31 parts by weight, 32 parts by weight, 33 parts by weight, 34 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 36 parts by weight, 37 parts by weight, 38 parts by weight, 39 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 41 parts by weight, 42 parts by weight, 43 parts by weight, 44 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 46 parts by weight, 47 parts by weight, 48 parts by weight, 49 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 51 parts by weight, 52 parts by weight, 53 parts by weight, 54 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight, 56 parts by weight, 57 parts by weight, 58 parts by weight, 59 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 61 parts by weight, 62 parts by weight, 63 parts by weight, 64 parts by weight, 65 parts by weight, 66 parts by weight, 67 parts by weight, 68 parts by weight, 69 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 71 The ratio may be in the range of less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above upper limits; or in the range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above lower limits; or in the range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above lower limits and in the range of less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above upper limits.

[0054] As the freezing point modifier, an ionic compound can be used. The category of ionic compounds mentioned herein includes ionic substances themselves, or substances capable of generating ions such as salts.

[0055] The freezing point adjuster may be a non-flammable ionic compound or an ionic compound having a flash point of 120°C or higher. The non-flammable ionic compound may mean a compound whose flash point cannot be determined when evaluated in the manner described in "12. Flammability Evaluation" of the Example section in this specification. In addition, the flash point is also evaluated in the manner described in "12. Flammability Evaluation". When the flash point of the ionic compound is 120°C or higher, the upper limit of the flash point is not particularly limited. That is, since the ionic compounds disclosed in this specification have a flash point of a certain level or higher and therefore do not ignite at the time of abnormal heat generation, fire and / or explosion, there is no limit on the upper limit of the flash point, and for example, the upper limit of the flash point may be around 1,000°C or 500°C.

[0056] Non-flammable ionic compounds or ionic compounds having a flash point of 120° C. or higher that can be used as freezing point adjusters can be exemplified by one or more selected from the group consisting of formates, acetates, carbonates, and sulfates. Specifically, for example, one or more of the following substances can be used as freezing point adjusters: sodium acetate (CH3COONa), sodium formate (HCOONa), potassium acetate (CH3COOK), potassium formate (HCOOK), calcium formate ((HCOO)2Ca), magnesium formate ((HCOO)2Mg), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4).

[0057] It may be appropriate for the freezing point adjuster to have a certain level of solubility in the vaporizable solvent. By selecting a freezing point adjuster having an appropriate solubility, the degree of freedom of the addition amount of the freezing point adjuster increases, and therefore, an addition amount that can ensure a desired freezing point while improving the fire extinguishing function without any inhibition can be selected.

[0058] The lower limit of the solubility of the freezing point adjuster at 0°C relative to 100g of the vaporizable solvent or water may be around 20g, 25g, 30g, 35g, 40g, 45g, 50g, 55g, 60g, 65g, 70g, 75g, 80g, 85g, 90g, 95g, 100g, 110g, 115g, 120g, 125g, 130g, 135g, 140g, 145g, 150g, 155g, 160g, 165g, 170g, 175g, 180g, 185g, 190g, 195g, 200g, 205g, 210g or 215g, and the upper limit thereof may be 1,000g, 900g, 800g , 700g, 600g, 500g, 400g, 300g, 250g, 245g, 240g, 235g, 230g, 225g, 220g, 215g, 210g, 205g, 200g, 195g, 190g, 185g, 180g, 175g, 170g, 165g, 160g, 155g, 150g, 145g, 140g, 135g, 130g, 125g, 120g, 115g, 110g, 105g, 100g, 95g, 90g, 85g, 80g, 75g, 70g, 65g, 60g, 55g, 50g, 45g, 40g, 35g or about 30g. The solubility may be within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the above lower limits; or within a range less than, equal to, or less than any of the above upper limits and within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the above lower limits. The solubility is the maximum weight (g) of the freezing point adjuster that can be dissolved in 100 g of water at 0°C, and is evaluated in the manner described in "2. Solubility Evaluation" of the Examples section of this specification.

[0059] The lower limit of the solubility of the freezing point modifier in 100g of vaporizable solvent or water at 25°C may be 75g, 80g, 85g, 90g, 95g, 100g, 110g, 115g, 120g, 125g, 130g, 135g, 140g, 145g, 150g, 155g, 160g, 165g, 170g, 175g, 180g, 185g, 190g, 195g, 200g, 205g, 210g, 215g, 225g, 230g, 235g, 240g, 255g, 260g, 265g, 270g, 275g, 280g, 285g, 290g, 295g, 300g, 305g, 310g, 315g or 320g, and the upper limit thereof may be 1,000g, 900g, g, 800g, 700g, 600g, 500g, 400g, 350g, 345g, 340g, 335g, 330g, 325g, 320g, 315g, 31 0g, 305g, 300g, 295g, 290g, 280g, 275g, 270g, 265g, 260g, 255g, 250g, 245g, 240g, 23 The solubility of the freezing point modifier may be about 5g, 230g, 225g, 220g, 215g, 210g, 205g, 200g, 195g, 190g, 185g, 180g, 175g, 170g, 165g, 160g, 155g, 150g, 145g, 140g, 135g, 130g, 125g, 120g, 115g, 110g, 105g or 100g. The solubility may be within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the above lower limits; or within a range less than, equal to, or less than any of the above upper limits and within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the above lower limits. The solubility is the maximum weight (g) of the freezing point modifier that can be dissolved in 100g of water at 25°C, and is evaluated in the manner described in "2. Solubility Evaluation" of the Examples section of this specification.

[0060] As freezing point regulator, can use the component of molar mass in predetermined range.When the molar weight of freezing point regulator is maintained at appropriate level, the freezing point of whole composition can be adjusted to desired level, and the function (for example, fire extinguishing function) of other components of fire extinguishing composition is maintained and improved simultaneously.For example, the lower limit of the molar mass of freezing point regulator can be about 10g / mol, 15g / mol, 20g / mol, 25g / mol, 30g / mol, 35g / mol, 40g / mol, 45g / mol, 50g / mol, 55g / mol, 60g / mol, 65g / mol, 70g / mol, 75g / mol, 80g / mol, 85g / mol, 90g / mol or 95g / mol, and its upper limit can be about 300g / mol. The molar mass can be about 100 g / mol, 250 g / mol, 200 g / mol, 150 g / mol, 145 g / mol, 140 g / mol, 135 g / mol, 130 g / mol, 125 g / mol, 120 g / mol, 115 g / mol, 110 g / mol, 105 g / mol, 100 g / mol, 95 g / mol, 90 g / mol, 85 g / mol, 80 g / mol, 75 g / mol, 70 g / mol or 65 g / mol. The molar mass can be in a range of less than, or less than, any one of the above upper limits; or in a range of less than, or less than, any one of the above upper limits and in a range of greater than, or greater than, any one of the above lower limits.

[0061] In addition to the ionic compound used as a freezing point modifier, the composition may also contain other ionic compounds. In such a case, the ionic compound may be present so that ΔT1 of the following equation 1 is within a predetermined range. Thus, the freezing point and vaporization form of the composition can be appropriately controlled while ensuring the amount of the solvent having a fire extinguishing function in the composition.

[0062] [Equation 1]

[0063] ΔT1=1.86×M1×I1

[0064] In Equation 1, M1 is the molar concentration of all ionic compounds contained in the composition relative to the solvent. That is, M1 is the number of moles of the ionic compound per 1 kg of the solvent. In Equation 1, I1 is the number of moles of ions produced when 1 mole of the ionic compound is dissociated. In this case, dissociation means when the ionic compound is completely dissociated.

[0065] When two or more ionic compounds are present in the composition, ΔT1 of each ionic compound is calculated, and the sum thereof is used as ΔT1 of Equation 1.

[0066] ΔT1 is selected taking into account the desired freezing point and, if necessary, the vaporization form. The lower limit of ΔT1 may be around 5, 10, 15, 20, 22, or 24, and the upper limit thereof may be around 40, 35, 30, 25, or 20. ΔT1 may be within a range less than or equal to, or less than any of the aforementioned upper limits; or within a range greater than or equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits; or within a range greater than or equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits while also within a range less than or equal to, or less than any of the aforementioned upper limits. Within such a range, the composition can be formulated so that it remains in a liquid phase at the necessary time point and vaporizes at the desired time point, while the associated vaporization can occur very quickly.

[0067] The composition may be controlled so that the ratio ΔT2 / ΔT1 of ΔT2 in the above Equation 2 to the above ΔT1 is within a predetermined range.

[0068] For example, the lower limit of the ratio ΔT2 / ΔT1 can be about 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, or 0.85, and the upper limit thereof can be about 1, 0.95, 0.9, 0.85, 0.8, 0.75, or 0.7. The ratio ΔT2 / ΔT1 can be within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits; or within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits while being within a range less than, equal to, or less than any of the aforementioned upper limits. Within such a range, the composition can be formulated so that it remains in a liquid phase at the necessary time point and vaporizes at the desired time point, while the associated vaporization can occur very quickly.

[0069] The composition may also be formulated such that ΔT3 of the following Equation 3 is within a predetermined range.

[0070] [Equation 3]

[0071] ΔT3=1.86×M3

[0072] In Equation 3, M3 is the molar concentration of all alcohols contained in the fire extinguishing composition relative to the vaporizable solvent. That is, M3 is the number of moles of alcohol per 1 kg of solvent. When two or more alcohols are present in the composition, ΔT3 is calculated for each alcohol, and their sum is used as ΔT3 in Equation 3.

[0073] The upper limit of ΔT3 may be approximately 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, or 0, and the lower limit thereof may be approximately 0. ΔT3 may be within a range less than, equal to, or less than any of the aforementioned upper limits; or within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits while being within a range less than, equal to, or less than any of the aforementioned upper limits.

[0074] The fact that ΔT3 is within this range means that substantially no alcohol is present in the composition. Alcohols (e.g., ethylene glycol) are conventional additives used to control the freezing point. However, given the characteristics of the fire extinguishing composition disclosed herein, they do not exhibit a suitable freezing point adjustment effect, cannot properly control the vaporization form, and may impart flammability and / or toxicity to the composition, making it appropriate to control them within the ΔT3 range.

[0075] Fire extinguishing composition can comprise for example carbonizable organic material as another component. Carbonizable organic material is an organic material that carbonizes to form carbide when exposed to flame or heat of predetermined temperature. The carbide formed by such organic material is usually porous, so it can have heat-insulating function. Therefore, when composition has been exposed to heating, catching fire or explosion, organic material can form suitable carbide to show heat-insulating function. For example, when the organic material is used together with the gas generating material to be described below, when the organic material has been exposed to heating, catching fire or explosion, in the process of forming carbide, by the effect of the gas produced by the gas generating material, porous carbide can be formed more effectively.

[0076] As the organic material, any suitable type can be applied without particular limitation, as long as it is a material that forms carbides when exposed to heat or flame. In addition, as the organic material, any type that is non-flammable or has less or no toxic gas emissions can be selected from known organic materials.

[0077] Examples of such organic materials can be exemplified by: sugars such as sorbitol or mannitol; polysaccharides such as starch or dextrin (e.g., MC (maleated cyclodextrin) or a metal salt of MC); polyols such as pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol or THEIC (tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate); cellulose; BSPPO (bis(4-methoxy-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]-octane-1-sulfide)phenyl phosphate); lignin (alkali lignin or urea-modified lignin); melamine compounds such as hydroxymethyl melamine; phenolic resins; and / or carbonizable polymers (char-forming polymers) such as PA6T (polyhexamethylene terephthalamide); and the like, but are not limited thereto.

[0078] Typically, starch is used as a carbonizable organic material. Starch is relatively easy to obtain and can form suitable carbides when exposed to heat or flame. To ensure that carbides are effectively formed and that the formed carbides effectively exert the desired fire extinguishing or heat insulating effects, the type of starch can be adjusted. For example, starch includes amylose and amylopectin, and while there are no particular limitations, starch with an adjusted ratio of these two chains can be used.

[0079] For example, as starch, a starch comprising amylose and amylopectin whose ratio is adjusted to an appropriate level can be used. As known, amylopectin and amylose are polysaccharide types mainly found in plants, and the starch of the polysaccharide is composed of amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is composed of glucose molecules connected by α (1 → 4) glycosidic bonds and has a linear chain structure, while amylopectin has a relatively short and highly branched chain. Compared with amylopectin, amylose is relatively easy to crystallize, and amylopectin has a relatively higher solubility in water than amylose.

[0080] By using starch having such characteristics and containing amylose and amylopectin at an appropriate ratio, a desired composition can be provided more efficiently.

[0081] For example, in a starch comprising amylose and amylopectin, the lower limit of the weight ratio of amylopectin relative to 100 parts by weight of amylose can be about 150 parts by weight, 200 parts by weight, 250 parts by weight or 300 parts by weight, and the upper limit thereof can be about 900 parts by weight, 850 parts by weight, 800 parts by weight, 750 parts by weight, 700 parts by weight, 650 parts by weight, 600 parts by weight, 550 parts by weight, 500 parts by weight, 450 parts by weight, 400 parts by weight, 350 parts by weight or about 300 parts by weight. The ratio can be in the range of less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above-mentioned upper limits; or in the range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above-mentioned lower limits; or in the range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above-mentioned lower limits and at the same time in the range of less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above-mentioned upper limits. The ratio of amylose to amylopectin can be measured according to the method described in the Examples section of this specification.

[0082] As starch, a starch having a molecular weight, for example, a weight average molecular weight (Mw) within a predetermined range can be used. For example, the lower limit of the weight average molecular weight of starch can be 200,000 g / mol, 250,000 g / mol, 300,000 g / mol, 350,000 g / mol, 400,000 g / mol, 450,000 g / mol, 500,000 g / mol, 550,000 g / mol, 600,000 g / mol, 650,000 g / mol, 700,000 g / mol, 750,000 g / mol, 800,000 g / mol, 850,000 g / mol, 900,000 g / mol, g / mol, 950,000g / mol, 1,000,000g / mol, 1,500,000g / mol, 2,000,000g / mol, 2,500,000g / mol, 3,000,000g / mol, 3,500,000 g / mol, 4,000,000g / mol, 4,500,000g / mol, 5,000,000g / mol, 5,500,000g / mol, 6,000,000g / mol, 6,500,000g / mol, 7,000,0 The molecular weight of the present invention may be about 100 g / mol, 200 g / mol, 300 g / mol, 400 g / mol, 0 g / mol or 500 g / mol, and the upper limit thereof may be about 1,000 g / mol, 900 g / mol, 0 g / mol or 0 g / mol. The molecular weight can be in the range of less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above upper limits; or in the range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above lower limits; or in the range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above lower limits and in the range of less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above upper limits.Starch having such a molecular weight (Mw) can more effectively form a carbide having a desired function (eg, a heat insulating function) when exposed to heat or flame.

[0083] In the case of including a carbonizable organic material, in the fire extinguishing composition, the lower limit of the weight ratio of the carbonizable organic material relative to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable solvent can be about 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, or 10 parts by weight, and the upper limit thereof can be about 100 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, or 3 parts by weight. The ratio can be within a range of less than or equal to, or less than any of the above upper limits; or within a range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any of the above lower limits; or within a range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any of the above lower limits and within a range of less than or equal to, or less than any of the above upper limits. The carbonizable organic material included in such a ratio can effectively form carbides in the composition as needed and can ensure that the composition as a whole has excellent handleability and storage stability.

[0084] Composition can also comprise for example fire extinguishing agent as another component, to ensure suitable fire extinguishing function.Such fire extinguishing agent can promote the carbonization of carbonizable organic material and / or the gas generation of the gas generating material to be described below.For example, fire extinguishing agent forms acid or salt or ion based on acid at high temperature, and these components can be used to promote carbonization and gas generation process.In addition, according to the type of fire extinguishing agent, carbide can be given flame retardancy, or the component that shows flame retardancy separately can be formed.For example, the fire extinguishing agent to be described below forms material based on phosphoric acid by decomposing etc. at high temperature, and this material can be polymerized to have flame retardancy.Therefore, fire extinguishing agent can be included in composition, so that composition can respond to abnormal heating, ignition and / or explosion.

[0085] It is suitable that such material has certain level or higher solubility in solvent (for example, water).By controlling the solubility in solvent, the reunion or the phase separation phenomenon of the component in the composition can not occur, and the formation effect of above-mentioned carbide and / or the formation of fire retardant can also be carried out more effectively.For example, the lower limit of the solubility of fire extinguishing agent in solvent can be about 5g, 10g, 15g, 20g, 25g, 30g, 35g or 40g, and its upper limit can be about 1000g, 900g, 800g, 700g, 600g, 500g, 400g, 300g, 200g, 100g, 90g, 80g, 70g, 60g, 50g, 40g or 30g. The solubility can be within a range of less than or equal to, or less than, any of the aforementioned upper limits; or within a range of greater than or equal to, or greater than, any of the aforementioned lower limits; or within a range of greater than or equal to, or greater than, any of the aforementioned lower limits and less than or equal to, or less than, any of the aforementioned upper limits. The solubility is the maximum weight (g) of the fire extinguishing agent that can be dissolved in 100 g of water at 25°C, and is evaluated in the manner described in "2. Solubility Evaluation" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0086] As fire extinguishing agent, can suitably select and use the reagent with above solubility, and its example comprises phosphoric acid compound such as phosphoric acid and phosphate, phosphonate / ester compound or phosphate ester compound.Fire extinguishing agent can be for example ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or diammonium hydrogen phosphate, urea phosphate, guanyl urea phosphate or ammonium polyphosphate etc., and can select and use one or both or more of the aforementioned.In addition, as fire extinguishing agent, can select non-flammable or have less toxic gas emission or the type without toxic gas emission from known fire extinguishing agent.

[0087] In the case of including a fire extinguishing agent, the lower limit of the weight ratio of the fire extinguishing agent relative to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable solvent may be about 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight, or 20 parts by weight, and the upper limit thereof may be about 100 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, or 10 parts by weight. The ratio may be within a range of less than or equal to, or less than, any of the aforementioned upper limits; or within a range of greater than or equal to, or greater than, any of the aforementioned lower limits; or within a range of greater than or equal to, or greater than, any of the aforementioned lower limits and less than or equal to, or less than, any of the aforementioned upper limits. The fire extinguishing agent contained in such a ratio can exert an effective heat or flame suppression effect and a porous carbide formation effect in the composition as needed, and can ensure excellent handleability and storage stability of the composition as a whole.

[0088] The composition may also include a gas-generating material. A gas-generating material that may be included in the composition is a material that generates gas when exposed to heat or flame. The generated gas can directly extinguish the heat or flame and can also make the carbide more porous during the formation of the carbide from the carbonizable organic material.

[0089] The type of gas generated by the gas generating material may be various gas generating materials, but a type that is non-flammable or has little or no toxic gas emission may be selected from known gas generating materials. The type of gas generated by the gas generating material may be, for example, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and / or water vapor.

[0090] Various materials that generate such gases are known. For example, materials that generate nitrogen include melamine, phosphates, guanidine, urea, melamine pyrophosphate, dicyandiamide, guanyl urea phosphate, and glycine; materials that generate carbon dioxide include potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, and magnesium bicarbonate; and materials that generate water vapor include calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide. However, the materials suitable for use in this specification are not limited thereto.

[0091] As the gas generating material, one or a mixture of two or more selected from the above types may be used.

[0092] In the case of including a gas generating material, the lower limit of the weight ratio of the gas generating material relative to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable solvent may be about 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight or 10 parts by weight, and the upper limit thereof may be about 100 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight or 10 parts by weight. The ratio may be in the range of less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above upper limits; or in the range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above lower limits; or in the range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above lower limits and in the range of less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above upper limits. The gas generating material included in such a ratio can exert an effective heat or flame suppression effect and a porous carbide formation effect in the composition as needed, and can ensure that the composition as a whole has excellent operability and storage stability.

[0093] The composition may also comprise water-absorbing polymers as further components.

[0094] A water-absorbing polymer is a polymer that has the property of absorbing water. In one example, the water-absorbing polymer may be a so-called hydrogel polymer or hydrogel, which is generally defined as a cross-linked hydrophilic polymer. Such polymers are also referred to as SAPs (Super Absorbent Polymers).

[0095] The water-absorbing polymer is a material that can absorb water in an amount of tens to thousands times its own weight. Such a material allows the composition of the present specification to exist as a gel as a whole, thereby performing the function of ensuring handleability and storage stability.

[0096] The type of the water-absorbing polymer is not particularly limited, and any polymer generally applicable as SAP can be used without limitation. In addition, as the water-absorbing polymer, a type that is non-flammable or has less or no toxic gas emissions can be selected from known water-absorbing polymers.

[0097] Typically, a polyacrylate-based vinyl polymer is used as the water-absorbing polymer. Here, the polyacrylate-based polymer is a polymer made from an acrylate-based monomer, and if necessary, other known monomers may be further used to form the polymer.

[0098] The water absorption properties can be adjusted so that the water-absorbing polymer exhibits properties suitable for the uses disclosed in this specification.

[0099] For example, the lower limit of the centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) of the water-absorbing polymer according to EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association) method WSP 241.3 may be around 12 g / g, 13 g / g, 14 g / g, 15 g / g, 16 g / g, 17 g / g, 18 g / g, 19 g / g, 20 g / g, 21 g / g, 22 g / g, 23 g / g, 24 g / g, 25 g / g, 26 g / g, 27 g / g, 28 g / g, 29 g / g, 30 g / g, 31 g / g, 32 g / g or 33 g / g, and the upper limit thereof may be around 60 g / g, 55 g / g, 50 g / g, 45 g / g, 40 g / g or 35 g / g. The reserved capacity (CRC) may be within a range less than or equal to, or less than any of the above upper limits; or within a range greater than or equal to, or greater than any of the above lower limits; or within a range greater than or equal to, or greater than any of the above lower limits and within a range less than or equal to, or less than any of the above upper limits.

[0100] The water-absorbent polymer having the above absorption rate may be combined with other components of the composition of the present specification to exhibit desired characteristics.

[0101] In one example, the water-absorbing polymer may be a particulate polymer, wherein the lower limit of the average particle size of the water-absorbing polymer may be approximately 10 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, or 140 μm, and the upper limit thereof may be approximately 1000 μm, 950 μm, 900 μm, 850 μm, 800 μm, 750 μm, 700 μm, 650 μm, 600 μm, 550 μm, 500 μm, 450 μm, 400 μm, 350 μm, 300 μm, 250 μm, or 200 μm. The average particle size may be within a range of less than or equal to, or less than, any of the aforementioned upper limits; within a range of greater than or equal to, or greater than, any of the aforementioned lower limits; or within a range of less than or equal to, or less than, any of the aforementioned upper limits and within a range of greater than or equal to, or greater than, any of the aforementioned lower limits. The above average particle size can be measured according to the method specified in NWSP 210.0.R2 (15).

[0102] When the water-absorbing polymer is included in the composition, the lower limit of the weight ratio of the water-absorbing polymer relative to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable solvent may be about 1.0 parts by weight, 1.5 parts by weight, 2.0 parts by weight, 2.5 parts by weight, 3.0 parts by weight, 3.5 parts by weight, 4.0 parts by weight, 4.5 parts by weight or 5.0 parts by weight, and the upper limit thereof may be 20.0 parts by weight, 19.5 parts by weight, 19.0 parts by weight, 18.5 parts by weight, 18.0 parts by weight, 17.5 parts by weight, 17.0 parts by weight or 16.0 parts by weight. The ratio may be within the range of less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above upper limits; or within the range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above lower limits; or within the range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above lower limits and within the range of less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above upper limits.

[0103] The composition contains the above components and, if necessary, may further contain additional components.

[0104] For example, the composition may further comprise a buffer.

[0105] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 , in an abnormal state, heat may be applied to the fire extinguishing device, and in addition, instantaneous high pressure may also be applied. For example, in an abnormal state such as Figure 1 In the structure, if the battery cells 12, 13, 14, 15 adjacent to the fire extinguishing device 100 explode or expand rapidly, high pressure is applied to the fire extinguishing device 100. If the fire extinguishing device 100 contracts instantaneously due to the pressure thus applied, the vaporizable material present inside may be discharged to the outside before it is vaporized, and such discharge may reduce the efficiency of the fire extinguishing effect.

[0106] The buffer can buffer the instantaneous pressure applied as described above, thereby allowing sufficient vaporization of the vaporizable material within. Furthermore, the buffer also plays a role in optionally carrying the vaporizable material. Specifically, if the buffer has a porosity as described below, or is in the form of a woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, or felt, the buffer can exhibit the property of absorbing or carrying the vaporizable material.

[0107] The type of the buffer is not particularly limited as long as it can perform the role, and for example, a buffer having an appropriate density and / or thermal decomposition temperature can be used.

[0108] For example, the upper limit of the density of the buffer may be about 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1.3, 1.1, 0.9, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3, 0.1, 0.08, 0.06, or 0.04, and the lower limit thereof may be about 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.15. The density may be within a range of less than, equal to, or less than any of the above upper limits; or within a range of less than, equal to, or less than any of the above upper limits and within a range of greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the above lower limits. The unit of density is g / cm 3 .

[0109] For example, the upper limit of the thermal decomposition temperature of the buffer may be around 2,000°C, 1,800°C, 1,600°C, 1,400°C, 1,200°C, 1,000°C, 900°C, 800°C, 600°C, 500°C, or 400°C, and the lower limit thereof may be around 150°C, 200°C, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, 550°C, 600°C, 650°C, 700°C, 750°C, or 800°C. The thermal decomposition temperature may be within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the above lower limits; or within a range less than, equal to, or less than any of the above upper limits while also within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the above lower limits. A method for measuring the thermal decomposition temperature is described in "11. Thermal Decomposition Temperature" of the Examples section of this specification.

[0110] As the buffer, any known material can be used without particular limitation, as long as it has the above-described density and / or thermal decomposition temperature. For example, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, and / or mineral fibers known as thermal insulation materials can be used as the buffer. Such inorganic fibers can be in the form of a porous film, a porous sheet, a porous foil, a wool fabric, or a woven or non-woven fabric, such as a felt.

[0111] In addition, as a buffer, for example, inorganic foams such as various metal foams; woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics or felts made of glass wool, mineral wool, glass fibers or mineral fibers; or foams, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics or felts formed from carbonizable organic materials to be described below can also be used.

[0112] An inorganic gel called a so-called wet gel (eg, silica gel) can also be used as a buffer.

[0113] As the buffer, any one selected from various types or a combination of two or more types can be used.

[0114] The size of the buffer is determined according to the size of the sealed space and is not particularly limited. For example, when the buffer is in the form of a porous membrane, porous sheet, porous foil, wool fabric, woven fabric, non-woven fabric or felt as described above, the lower limit of the thickness of the relevant buffer may be about 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm or 2.5 mm, and the upper limit thereof may be about 20 mm, 15 mm, 10 mm, 9 mm, 8 mm, 7 mm, 6 mm, 5 mm, 4 mm or 3 mm. The thickness may be within a range less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above upper limits; or within a range greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above lower limits; or within a range less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above upper limits and within a range greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above lower limits.

[0115] The composition can exhibit advantageous physical properties, etc., including a desired fire extinguishing effect, by combining the above components.

[0116] The composition may have a controlled viscosity and / or thixotropic index.

[0117] For example, the lower limit of the viscosity of the composition may be 30,000 cP, 40,000 cP, 50,000 cP, 60,000 cP, 70,000 cP, 80,000 cP, 90,000 cP, 100,000 cP, 110,000 cP, 120,000 cP, 130,000 cP, 140,000 cP, 150,000 cP or 155,000 cP. The viscosity may be in the range of less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above upper limits; or in the range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above lower limits; or in the range of less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above upper limits and in the range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above lower limits. Such viscosity is a value measured at room temperature (about 25° C.) and a rotation speed of 0.5 rpm, and the specific measurement method is described in the Examples section.

[0118] For example, the lower limit of the thixotropic index of the composition may be about 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 or 10.5, and the upper limit thereof may be about 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8 or 6. The thixotropic index may be in a range less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above upper limits; or in a range greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above lower limits; or in a range less than or equal to, or less than any one of the above upper limits and in a range greater than or equal to, or greater than any one of the above lower limits. Such a thixotropic index is a value obtained by dividing the viscosity measured at room temperature (about 25° C.) and a rotation speed of 0.5 rpm by the viscosity measured at room temperature (about 25° C.) and a rotation speed of 5 rpm, and the specific measurement method is described in the Examples section.

[0119] A composition having such a viscosity and / or thixotropic index can exhibit excellent workability, storage stability, and the like.

[0120] Compositions may exhibit certain latent heat properties. Latent heat is generally defined as the amount of heat required for any material to undergo a change of state (phase change) in the absence of any change in temperature. However, when a composition exhibits latent heat, it does not necessarily have to undergo a change of state as a whole. Latent heat can be generated during the process of changing the state of at least a portion of the composition or a component included in the composition.

[0121] The fact that a composition exhibits latent heat means that the composition exhibits an endothermic peak within a predetermined temperature range in a DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) analysis performed in the manner described in the Examples described below. The process in which the composition exhibits latent heat may be an isothermal process or a process similar thereto. Therefore, the composition can be applied to heat-generating products to control heat while maintaining a uniform temperature of the product, and can minimize or prevent the impact of abnormal heating, explosion, and / or fire in one product on other adjacent products.

[0122] The lower limit of the latent heat exhibited by the above composition may be, for example, around 500 J / g, 550 J / g, 600 J / g, 650 J / g, 700 J / g, 750 J / g, 800 J / g, 850 J / g, 900 J / g, 950 J / g, 1000 J / g, 1100 J / g, 1200 J / g, or 1300 J / g, and the upper limit thereof may be around 3000 J / g, 2800 J / g, 2600 J / g, 2400 J / g, 2200 J / g, 2000 J / g, 1800 J / g, 1600 J / g, 1400 J / g, 1200 J / g, 1000 J / g, or 900 J / g. The latent heat may be within a range of less than or equal to, or less than any of the above upper limits; or within a range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any of the above lower limits; or within a range of less than or equal to, or less than any of the above upper limits and within a range of greater than or equal to, or greater than any of the above lower limits.

[0123] The lower limit of the range of the onset temperature at which the composition begins to express latent heat may be, for example, around 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, or 95°C, and the upper limit thereof may be around 200°C, 180°C, 160°C, 140°C, 120°C, 100°C, 90°C, or 80°C. The onset temperature can be determined within a range that is greater than or equal to, or greater than, any of the above lower limits, and less than or equal to, or less than any of the above upper limits. The onset temperature refers to the temperature of the left starting point of the endothermic peak section in DSC analysis.

[0124] The lower limit of the temperature band representing the latent heat of the composition may be, for example, about 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 95°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, or 180°C, and the upper limit thereof may be about 300°C, 280°C, 260°C, 240°C, 220°C, 200°C, 180°C, or 160°C. The temperature band range can be determined within a range that is greater than or equal to, or greater than, any of the above lower limits, while being less than or equal to, or less than any of the above upper limits. The temperature band is a value obtained by subtracting the temperature of the left starting point from the temperature of the right starting point in the endothermic peak band analyzed by DSC.

[0125] In addition, if the above-mentioned physical properties are not impaired, the composition may further include various types of known additives. In this case, the type of additive is not particularly limited. Various types of additives can be used, but it may be appropriate to select from known additives that are non-flammable or have less or no toxic gas emissions.

[0126] The present specification also discloses a fire extinguishing device comprising the composition. The fire extinguishing device can be manufactured by loading the composition into a suitable housing.

[0127] The fire extinguishing device comprises a shell with a sealed space inside and a vaporizable solvent or composition present in the sealed space. The composition can be the fire extinguishing composition mentioned above, and the vaporizable solvent can be a component of the composition.

[0128] The housing is a container for holding a vaporizable solvent or composition. The housing has a sealed space inside, or is configured to form a sealed space. Here, "the housing is configured to form a sealed space inside" means that the housing exists in a state where a sealed space is formed inside the housing, or that the housing exists so that a certain space exists inside the housing, and this space is not in a sealed state, but a sealed space can be formed by sealing an open portion.

[0129] The sealed space of such a housing may have a ventilation area. The term ventilation area may refer to an area that is sealed in a first state to maintain the sealed state of the space, but is open in a second state to allow the material inside the space to be discharged. The second state may refer to a state in which, for example, abnormal fire, heat generation, and / or explosion occurs in the environment in which the composition or fire extinguishing device is used, and the first state may refer to a state in which abnormal fire, abnormal heat generation, and abnormal explosion do not occur.

[0130] Such ventilation areas may be formed in the manner described below.

[0131] In one embodiment, the housing may have a WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) within a predetermined range, or may include a portion having such a WVTR. For example, at least a portion of the housing forming the sealed space may have a WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) within a predetermined range. For example, the upper limit of the WVTR of the housing may be approximately 10, 9.5, 9, 8.5, 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.15, 0.1, 0.05, or 0.01, and its lower limit may be approximately 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5. The WVTR may be within a range of less than or equal to, or less than, any of the above upper limits; or within a range of less than or equal to, or less than, any of the above upper limits and greater than or equal to, or greater than any of the above lower limits. The closer the WVTR is to the range disclosed in the Examples section of this specification within the above range, the better the effect can be ensured. The unit of WVTR is g / m 2 Days, which were measured in the manner described in "7. WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) Evaluation" of the Examples section in this specification.

[0132] In one example, when at least a sealed space has been formed within the housing, a certain level or more of the entire area of the housing forming the sealed space may have a WVTR within the above range.

[0133] For example, the WVTR within the aforementioned range can be determined for an area that is greater than or equal to a certain ratio of the total area of the housing. For example, the lower limit of the ratio of the area of the portion of the total area of the housing having a WVTR within the aforementioned range can be approximately 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, or 99%, and the upper limit can be approximately 100%. This ratio can be within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits; or within a range less than, equal to, or less than any of the aforementioned upper limits, while also within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits.

[0134] In another example, a certain level or more of the area of the portion of the housing forming the sealed space may have a WVTR (water vapor transmission rate) within the above-mentioned range. For example, the lower limit of the ratio of the portion of the area of the housing forming the sealed space exhibiting a WVTR within the above-mentioned range may be approximately 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, or 99%, and the upper limit thereof may be approximately 100%. This ratio may be within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the above-mentioned lower limits; or within a range less than, equal to, or less than any of the above-mentioned upper limits, and within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the above-mentioned lower limits.

[0135] The content means that the sealed space inside the housing is completely surrounded by a region substantially having a WVTR within the above range. By this configuration, an instantaneous increase in the internal pressure inside the fire extinguishing device to be described below can be effectively caused.

[0136] The fire extinguishing device is configured to stably retain the vaporizable solvent or composition within it under normal conditions, and then release all or a portion of the vaporizable solvent or composition, or its vapor, to the outside under abnormal conditions. Abnormal conditions may include, for example, abnormal heating, fire, and / or explosion, or the occurrence or risk of TR and / or TP.

[0137] Description will be made assuming a case where the fire extinguishing apparatus is applied to a battery module.

[0138] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a case where a fire extinguishing device S is applied to a battery module. Figure 1 As shown, the battery module can be configured by arranging a plurality of battery cells 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 adjacent to each other, wherein the fire extinguishing device S can be arranged between the battery cells as shown (e.g., Figure 1 Between 12 and 13 and Figure 1 between 14 and 15 in the table).

[0139] The fire extinguishing device S maintains the vaporizable solvent etc. in the normal state. In the abnormal state, the vaporizable solvent etc. of the fire extinguishing device S can be sprayed ( Figure 1 The dotted arrow in FIG) also has directionality, such as spraying through the above-mentioned ventilation area, etc., in response to high temperature or flames caused by abnormal heating, fire and / or explosion. Figure 1 In the embodiment, the case where the material is sprayed from the upper end and the lower end of the fire extinguishing device S is described, but the spraying direction is not limited to Figure 1 The spray direction may also be in one direction of the fire extinguishing device S, or in two or more directions. Such a spray direction can be adjusted by forming a ventilation area.

[0140] In order for a fire extinguishing device to effectively function under abnormal conditions, it is required that the vaporizable solvent, etc., present in the interior of the housing under normal conditions be stably maintained, and that when an abnormal condition occurs, the vaporizable solvent, etc., be rapidly consumed by discharging as much of the vaporizable solvent, etc. as possible to the outside in a vaporized state. The fire extinguishing device can meet these requirements.

[0141] The principle of how the fire extinguishing system works is explained.

[0142] Figure 2 Only shown separately Figure 1 Fire extinguishing device S. In such Figure 1 In the configuration of , if abnormal heating, fire and / or explosion occurs in at least one of the battery cells, Figure 2 As shown by the solid arrow in , a certain level or more of high heat is instantaneously applied to the fire extinguishing device. The vaporizable solvent present in the fire extinguishing device is vaporized by the applied heat. Figure 2 In the embodiment of the present invention, as indicated by the dotted arrows in the sealed space within the fire extinguishing device housing 1001, the vaporized material thus propagates randomly in all directions within the space. If the sealed space of the housing 1001 is substantially surrounded by the portion having the aforementioned WVTR, the vaporized material cannot be released to the outside, causing the interior of the housing 1001 to instantaneously reach a very high pressure state. When the housing's ventilation area 1002 is momentarily opened at a high pressure of a certain level or higher, the internal gas is rapidly discharged to the outside through the opened ventilation area 1002.

[0143] If the WVTR of the shell surrounding the sealed space is not high, the internal pressure of the shell 1001 may not be effectively increased in this state, or the increase speed may be slow, so that the opening of the ventilation area 1002 may not be effectively carried out, or even when the ventilation area 1002 is opened, the internal pressure may be insufficient, so that some vaporized materials may remain without being consumed by being discharged to the outside, or the discharge speed may be too slow.

[0144] If the WVTR of the housing is kept low, this has the additional effect of ensuring the storage stability of the internal material under normal conditions.

[0145] Furthermore, since the composition includes the above-mentioned ionic compound and the like and satisfies ΔT1 and ΔT2 and the like, the effect can be maximized.

[0146] There is no particular limitation on the method for forming a ventilation area. The ventilation area can be formed by designing the shell that forms the sealed space so that the shell can be opened when the internal pressure of the shell has reached a certain level. For example, if some areas of the shell that forms the sealed space are configured to have a lower strength than other areas, the parts with lower strength can be opened by increasing the internal pressure. In addition, by forming the sealed space by sealing using a hot-melt material or the like, a method in which the opening occurs by melting at a predetermined temperature can also be used. In another method, the ventilation area can be formed by only making a specific part of the shell that forms the sealed space have a thinner thickness relative to other areas. Such a method of forming a ventilation area can be easily adopted by those skilled in the art.

[0147] For example, when the fire extinguishing device is used in a battery module or battery pack, the housing can be rectangular, pouch-shaped, and / or cylindrical, the same shape as the battery cells, for ease of application. In this case, a vent area can also be formed by controlling the bonding strength of the lid that forms the sealed space within the rectangular or cylindrical housing.

[0148] The housing may be formed using a known material as long as it can satisfy the above-mentioned WVTR, wherein the material may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure of two or more layers.

[0149] For example, the housing may be formed using appropriate organic and / or inorganic layers of materials that can exhibit a WVTR within the above range.

[0150] As the organic layer, for example, a known polymer film or sheet can be used. Examples of the organic film include: cellulose-based polymer films; COP (cyclic olefin copolymer) films; acrylic polymer films; polyolefin films; PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) films; PVC (polyvinyl chloride) films; PES (polyethersulfone) films; PEEK (polyetheretherketone) films; PPS (polyphenylsulfone) films; PEI (polyetherimide) films; PEN (polyethylene naphthalate) films; polyester films such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) films; PI (polyimide) films; PSF (polysulfone) films and / or PAR (polyarylate) films.

[0151] For example, a metal layer, a metal oxide layer, a metal nitride layer, or a metal oxynitride layer can be used as the inorganic layer. For example, the inorganic layer can be a metal layer, a metal oxide layer, a metal nitride layer, or a metal oxynitride layer, which contains one or more selected from the following: In, Sn, Pb, Au, Cu, Ag, Zr, Hf, Zn, Al, Si, La, Ti, and Ni. For example, a foil, sheet, or film of the above materials can be used, or a layer formed by depositing a metal layer, metal oxide layer, metal nitride layer, or metal oxynitride layer on a suitable substrate can be used.

[0152] The material forming the shell may be any single layer selected from an inorganic layer and an organic layer, or a multilayer structure in which two or more layers are laminated.

[0153] The thickness of the inorganic and / or organic layers is selected based on physical properties (e.g., desired WVTR) and is not particularly limited. For example, the lower limit of the thickness may be approximately 1 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, or 30 μm, and the upper limit thereof may be approximately 5,000 μm, 4,000 μm, 3,000 μm, 2,000 μm, 1,000 μm, 500 μm, 200 μm, 150 μm, 100 μm, 90 μm, 80 μm, 70 μm, 60 μm, 50 μm, 40 μm, or 30 μm. The thickness may be within a range of less than or equal to, or less than, any of the aforementioned upper limits; or within a range of greater than or equal to, or greater than, any of the aforementioned lower limits; or within a range of less than or equal to, or less than, any of the aforementioned upper limits and greater than or equal to, or greater than, any of the aforementioned lower limits.

[0154] The fire extinguishing device may include additional features to enable it to perform more effectively.

[0155] For example, the fire extinguishing device may further include a heat-conducting layer. Such a heat-conducting layer may be present at an appropriate location within the fire extinguishing device. For example, the heat-conducting layer may be present between the housing of the fire extinguishing device and the vaporizable solvent or composition, or the heat-conducting layer may be present adjacent to the housing.

[0156] Figure 3 For Figure 2 The heat conducting layer 2001 is added to the fire extinguishing device of FIG. The heat conducting layer may be present at different positions in the housing, and the number thereof may be one, or two or more.

[0157] The term "thermal conductive layer" refers to a layer having a thermal conductivity (based on 20°C) within the range described below. The lower limit of the thermal conductivity (based on 20°C) of the thermal conductive layer may be approximately 15, 18, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, or 400, and the upper limit may be approximately 2,000, 1,500, 1,000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 100, or 50. The thermal conductivity may be within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits; or within a range less than, equal to, or less than any of the aforementioned upper limits, while also within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits. The unit of thermal conductivity is W / mK.

[0158] The type of thermally conductive layer is not particularly limited, as long as it has the thermal conductivity described. Generally, a metal material can be used as the thermally conductive layer because it has excellent thermal conductivity characteristics. For example, a layer made of a metal material (such as aluminum, gold, pure silver, tungsten, copper, nickel or platinum) can be used.

[0159] The thickness of the thermally conductive layer is not particularly limited, and an appropriate thickness can be set taking into account the specifications of the fire extinguishing device, etc. For example, the lower limit of the thickness of the thermally conductive layer can be approximately 1 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 50 μm, 75 μm, or 90 μm, and the upper limit can be approximately 500 μm, 400 μm, 300 μm, 200 μm, 100 μm, 50 μm, 40 μm, or 30 μm. The thickness can be within a range of less than, equal to, or less than any of the aforementioned upper limits; within a range of greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits; or within a range of less than, equal to, or less than any of the aforementioned upper limits and within a range of greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits.

[0160] like Figure 3 As shown, in some cases, heat generated during an abnormal state may not be uniformly applied to the fire extinguishing device, but may be applied only locally to a certain area. However, in order to quickly vaporize the vaporizable solvent within the fire extinguishing device and achieve a high-pressure state, the heat generated during the abnormal state must be uniformly applied to the fire extinguishing device. The presence of a heat-conducting layer allows for rapid transfer of the heat throughout the fire extinguishing device, even if the heat is applied locally. This allows the fire extinguishing device to rapidly and effectively extinguish the fire, as described above.

[0161] To more effectively ensure the effectiveness of the fire extinguishing device, the amount of vaporizable solvent or composition containing a vaporizable solvent present in the internal space or sealed space of the housing of the fire extinguishing device can be adjusted. For example, the lower limit of the ratio of the volume occupied by the vaporizable solvent or composition to the total volume of the internal space or sealed space of the housing can be approximately 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%, and its upper limit can be approximately 100%. This ratio can be within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits; or within a range less than, equal to, or less than any of the aforementioned upper limits and within a range greater than, equal to, or greater than any of the aforementioned lower limits. At such a ratio, the rapid increase in internal pressure as described above can be more effectively caused.

[0162] This specification also discloses electronic equipment or devices using the composition or fire extinguishing device.

[0163] The type of electronic device or apparatus is not particularly limited. For example, the composition or fire extinguishing device can be applied to equipment or apparatus that has a risk of abnormal heating, fire, and / or explosion during operation, maintenance, and / or storage and must control the related abnormal phenomena.

[0164] Examples of such devices or apparatuses typically include batteries. In particular, in a battery module constructed using a plurality of battery cells, it is important to prevent abnormal heating, fire, and / or explosion occurring in one battery cell from spreading to other adjacent battery cells.

[0165] Therefore, this specification discloses a battery module or battery pack, etc., including a fire extinguishing device.

[0166] Such a battery module may basically include: a plurality of battery cells; and a fire extinguishing device disposed between the battery cells.

[0167] If the fire extinguishing device is applied, the specific configuration of the battery module (eg, the type of battery cell, etc.) is not particularly limited, and known materials can be applied. For example, known pouch-shaped, rectangular, or cylindrical battery cells can be used as battery cells.

[0168] The manufacturing method of the battery module is not particularly limited, and for example, as described above, a method may be used in which the fire extinguishing device is manufactured as a battery cell and then placed at a desired location during the manufacturing process of the battery module or the like.

[0169] Beneficial effects

[0170] This specification relates to fire extinguishing compositions, fire extinguishing devices, and their uses. This specification provides compositions, fire extinguishing devices, and their uses that can be applied to products or components that have the potential for heat generation, fire, and / or explosion during driving, storage, and / or maintenance processes to effectively respond to heat generation, fire, and / or explosion. This specification also provides fire extinguishing compositions that are non-flammable to the point of having no flash point, or that have a flash point that is suitable for responding to heat generation, fire, and / or explosion, and are non-toxic, as well as fire extinguishing devices containing the same. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0171] Figure 1 An exemplary diagram of a battery module to which a fire extinguishing device is applied.

[0172] Figure 2 It is an exemplary diagram for explaining the operation of the fire extinguishing device.

[0173] Figure 3 It is an exemplary diagram for explaining the working principle of the fire extinguishing device.

[0174] Figure 4 It is a figure for demonstrating the process of manufacturing the fire extinguishing apparatus in Example.

[0175] Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a cross section showing an exemplary form of a housing used in the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0176] Hereinafter, the fire extinguishing composition and the like disclosed in this specification will be specifically described through examples and comparative examples, but the scope of the fire extinguishing composition and the like is not limited to the following examples.

[0177] 1. Freezing point measurement

[0178] Freezing point was assessed by the method specified in OECD Chemical Testing Guideline 102 (adopted by the Committee on 27 July 1995).

[0179] 2. Solubility Assessment

[0180] The solubility was evaluated based on the ASTM E1148-02 standard. According to this standard, the maximum amount of a sample that dissolves in 100 g of water at 0° C. or room temperature (about 25° C.) is evaluated to determine the solubility.

[0181] 3. Convection test

[0182] The composition is loaded into the aluminum tray having a bottom thickness of about 0.2mm. Load so that the thickness of the composition is about 3mm. The aluminum tray is placed on a temperature sensor (k-type thermocouple). Subsequently, flame is vertically applied at a height of about 1 inch of the composition loaded on the tray. Use butane gas (can type butane gas (unused product) that has a capacity of 220g) and a blowtorch to apply flame. When applying flame for about 3 minutes, measure the temperature with a temperature sensor, and evaluate temperature according to the following standard.

[0183] <Evaluation Criteria>

[0184] PASS: When the measured temperature of the temperature sensor remains below 250°C

[0185] NG: When the temperature sensor measures a temperature higher than 250°C, or the aluminum plate is observed to be melting

[0186] 4. Chain fire test

[0187] Rectangular batteries are arranged side by side at intervals of about 3 mm, and a fire extinguishing device containing the composition is placed therebetween. As a rectangular battery, a product of CATL (120Ah, 3.2V, size = thickness × width × depth (thickness × breadth × width) = 48 × 174 × 165) is used, and is applied to the test in a 100% charged state. In the above arrangement, according to the SAEJ2464:2009 standard, a battery fire is initiated in one rectangular battery, and a chain fire in other cells is checked. The battery fire is caused by piercing a nail with a diameter of about 5 mm into the rectangular battery at a speed of 25 mm / second (nail penetration method).

[0188] <Evaluation Criteria>

[0189] PASS: When no fire occurs in any battery cell other than the one pierced by the nail

[0190] NG: When a fire occurs in a battery cell other than the one pierced by the nail

[0191] 5. Molecular Weight Measurement

[0192] The molecular weight of starch was evaluated in the following manner.

[0193] (1) Preparation of mobile phase

[0194] Mobile phase A was prepared by filtering 1000 mL of a 150 mM NaNO 3 aqueous solution containing 0.02 wt % NaN 3 using a solvent purification system (Millipore Millisolve Kit, MilliporeSigma).

[0195] (2) Preparation of sample solution

[0196] A sample to be measured was collected in an amount of 25 mg and mixed with 5 mL of a 150 mM NaNO 3 aqueous solution containing 0.02 wt % NaN 3 , and then a sample solution was prepared by heating the mixture at 80° C. for 20 hours and then filtering it with a 0.4 μm nylon syringe filter.

[0197] (3) GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) / MALS (Multi-Anglue Light Scattering Detection) Conditions

[0198] The molecular weight was evaluated using the sample solution and mobile phase A in the following manner.

[0199] Measuring instrument: Agilent GPC (Agilent 1200 series, USA)

[0200] Stationary phase: Connecting Shodex OH-Pak 804 column and Shodex OH-Pak 80 column Mobile phase: A; 0.02% NaN3, 150mM NaNO3 aqueous solution = 100 (volume / volume%)

[0201] Flow rate: 0.4 mL / min

[0202] Stationary phase temperature: 25°C

[0203] Injection volume: 100 μl (0.45 μm filtered)

[0204] Analysis time: 120 minutes

[0205] 6. Measurement of Amylopectin and Amylose Content

[0206] The amylopectin and amylose contents in starch were evaluated according to the method described in the paper (Potato Research 31 (1988) 241-246).

[0207] First, the sample was prepared by dissolving about 5 mg of starch in about 1 mL of sterile water (step 1) and heating to 95°C in a constant temperature water bath for about 15 minutes (step 2).

[0208] Subsequently, about 20 μl of the sample was placed in a cuvette (step 3), and about 980 μl of the iodine solution was added thereto and mixed (step 4).

[0209] Subsequently, the absorbance of the sample mixed with the iodine solution at wavelengths of 525 nm and 700 nm was measured and recorded, respectively (step 5). The absorbance was measured using the OPTIZEN POP model from KLAB.

[0210] About 20 μl of water is placed in another cuvette, 980 μl of iodine solution is added thereto and mixed (step 6). For the solution of step 6, the absorbance at wavelengths of 525 nm and 700 nm is measured and recorded in the same manner as in step 5 (step 7).

[0211] The absorbance obtained in step 7 is subtracted from the absorbance obtained in step 5, and the ratio (%) of amylose is determined according to the following equation C (step 8).

[0212] [Equation C]

[0213]

[0214] In equation C, PA is the ratio of amylose (%), OD is 700 is the value obtained by subtracting the absorbance at a wavelength of 700 nm measured in step 7 from the absorbance at a wavelength of 700 nm measured in step 5, and OD 525 is a value obtained by subtracting the absorbance at a wavelength of 525 nm measured in step 7 from the absorbance at a wavelength of 525 nm measured in step 5.

[0215] 7.WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) Evaluation

[0216] The WVTR (water vapor transmission rate) of the housing was evaluated under the conditions of 38° C. and 100% relative humidity according to ASTM F1249 standard.

[0217] 8. Melting Point Evaluation

[0218] The melting point of the hot-melt film used in the manufacture of fire extinguishing equipment was evaluated using a DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) device (TA Instruments, Model Q200). The temperature range for evaluation was set between 25°C and 300°C. The left and right starting points of the endothermic peak range, determined while increasing the temperature from 25°C to 300°C at a rate of approximately 10°C / minute, were designated as the start and end of the phase transition, and the temperature of the maximum peak in the relevant range was designated as the melting point.

[0219] 9. CRC (centrifugal retention capacity)

[0220] CRC was measured according to EDA NSW SP 241.3. Approximately 0.2 g (W0) of a water-absorbing polymer was placed in a nonwoven envelope, sealed, and then immersed in a physiological saline solution at room temperature. A 0.9 wt% NaCl aqueous solution was used as the physiological saline solution. This state was maintained for approximately 30 minutes. Water was then removed from the envelope using a centrifuge at 250 G for 3 minutes, and the envelope's mass (g, W2) was then measured.

[0221] The same operation was performed on the same nonwoven envelope without any water-absorbing polymer, and the mass (g, W1) was measured.

[0222] CRC(g / g) is calculated by substituting the measurement results into the following equation A.

[0223] The evaluation was performed under constant temperature and humidity conditions (23±1° C., relative humidity: 50±10%).

[0224] [Equation A]

[0225] CRC(g / g)={[W2(g)-W1(g)] / W0(g)}-1

[0226] 10.AUP (Absorption Percentage Under Pressure)

[0227] AUP was measured according to EDANA method WSP 242.3. A 400-mesh stainless steel screen was mounted on the bottom of a plastic cylinder with an inner diameter of approximately 60 mm. 0.0 g (W0) (0.90 g) of water-absorbent polymer was evenly sprayed onto the screen. A piston, which applied a uniform 0.3 psi load, was then mounted on the screen. The piston had an outer diameter slightly less than 60 mm, maintained a gap with the inner wall of the cylinder, and was mounted so that it could move up and down. The weight of the device (g, W3) was measured.

[0228] A glass filter having a diameter of 90 mm and a thickness of 5 mm was placed inside a culture dish having a diameter of 150 mm, and physiological saline solution was added so that the upper surface thereof and the glass filter were at the same level. As physiological saline solution, a NaCl aqueous solution having a concentration of 0.9 % by weight was used. A filter paper having a diameter of 90 mm was placed thereon. A measuring device was placed on the filter paper and, under a load of 0.3 psi, physiological saline solution was absorbed for 1 hour. After this, the measuring device was raised and its weight (g, W4) was measured.

[0229] AUP (g / g) was estimated by substituting the obtained value into the following equation B.

[0230] The evaluation was performed under constant temperature and humidity conditions (23±1° C., relative humidity: 50±10%).

[0231] [Equation B]

[0232] AUP(g / g)=[W4(g)-W3(g)] / W0(g)

[0233] 11. Thermal decomposition temperature

[0234] The thermal decomposition temperature was determined by TGA (thermogravimetric analysis). Using a TGA e850 device from Mettler-Toledo, the temperature of the sample was raised from about 20°C at a rate of 5°C / min in a N2 flow atmosphere, and the point at which the weight loss was 5% or greater was defined as the thermal decomposition temperature.

[0235] 12. Flammability assessment

[0236] The flammability of the freezing point modifier was evaluated according to ASTM D93. A sample (ignition source) was placed in a 100 mL brass test cup at approximately 90% by volume, stirred at approximately 100 times / minute, and the diameter of the ignition source was set to approximately 3.2 mm to 4.8 mm. The flash point was evaluated while the temperature was increased at a rate of 5°C / minute.

[0237] In the evaluation, when the sample did not ignite but vaporized, a sample without any flash point or with a flash point of 120° C. or higher was evaluated as PASS, and when it ignited, the temperature at the time of ignition was set as the flash point, thereby evaluating it as NG.

[0238] 13. Assessment of toxic gas generation

[0239] According to the ASTM D4599-21 standard, the production of toxic gases was assessed using a dye length colorimetric dosimeter. A dye length colorimetric dosimeter is a tube that can measure concentration based on color, and the measuring tube is designated for various toxic gases. A gas sample generated by the target substance is collected for about 1 minute and quantified. The sample is injected into the open end of the dye length colorimetric dosimeter using a 100ml syringe and then held for about 8 hours before the concentration of each gas is measured. The toxic gases measured using this method are chlorine, ammonia, and hydrofluoric acid gas.

[0240] 14. The existence of ignition

[0241] The fire extinguishing composition was placed in an aluminum can and its ignition properties were evaluated. The aluminum can was made of aluminum foil with a thickness of approximately 3 mm and an open top. The horizontal and vertical lengths of the can were approximately 9 cm and 12 cm, respectively, and the internal volume was approximately 32.4 cm. 3 about.

[0242] The fire extinguishing composition was filled in a can, and with the top of the can open, a flame was applied vertically to one of the side surfaces of the can at intervals of about 1 inch. The flame was applied using butane gas (canned butane gas with a capacity of 220 g (unused product)) and a blowtorch.

[0243] Whether or not a flame appears at the open top is observed while applying the flame for 5 minutes or so, wherein if no flame appears, it is evaluated as PASS, and if a flame does appear, it is evaluated as NG.

[0244] Example 1.

[0245] Preparation of fire extinguishing composition

[0246] Water (W), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4) (DAEJUNG Chemicals & Metals) (molar mass: 115.0257 g / mol), and potassium formate (F) (HCOOK) (DAEJUNG Chemicals & Metals) (molar mass 84.12 g / mol) were mixed in a weight ratio (W:N:F) of 100:20:30 to prepare a first mixture. The mixture was mixed at 300 rpm for approximately 10 minutes at room temperature (approximately 25°C).

[0247] Potassium formate is a non-flammable substance without any flash point and is a non-toxic substance, with all concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured according to the toxic gas evaluation method being 0 ppm. Furthermore, potassium formate has a solubility of approximately 32.8 g in 100 g of water at 0°C and a solubility of approximately 331 g in 100 g of water at 25°C.

[0248] The solubility of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4) in 100g of water at 25°C is approximately 29g. Subsequently, starch (S) (Sigma-Aldrich) and melamine (M) (ACROS ORGANICS) are additionally mixed into the first mixture to prepare a second mixture. In the second mixture, the ratio of water (W) to starch (S) to melamine (M) (W:S:M) is adjusted to approximately 100:10:10. Mixing is performed at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 300rpm for approximately 30 minutes. When making the second mixture, corn starch is used as the starch, wherein a starch having a weight average molecular weight of approximately 51,000,000g / mol and a weight ratio of amylose to amylopectin (amylose:amylopectin) of approximately 25:75 is used. Subsequently, a water-absorbing polymer (SAP) is additionally mixed into the second mixture to prepare a composition. The water-absorbent polymer was mixed by mixing the second mixture with the water-absorbent polymer and mixing them at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 300 rpm for approximately 2 hours. Mixing was performed so that the weight ratio (W:P) of water (W) to water-absorbent polymer (P) in the mixture was approximately 100:5. The water-absorbent polymer used was LG Chemical's SAP GS-803ND product, which was crushed and classified to a size of approximately 150 μm. This water-absorbent polymer had a CRC (centrifuge retention capacity) of approximately 33.5 g / g and an AUP (absorption under pressure) of approximately 28.1 g / g.

[0249] Fire extinguishing equipment

[0250] The fire extinguishing composition is placed inside a can (housing) made of aluminum material for manufacturing a rectangular battery, and the open portion is sealed to manufacture a fire extinguishing device. The WVTR of the can for rectangular batteries is about 0 g / m 2 · About a day.

[0251] like Figure 4 As shown, a fire extinguishing composition is injected into the interior of a can 1001, and then a cover 1002 is attached to manufacture a fire extinguishing device. When manufacturing the fire extinguishing device, the composition is injected so that the composition fills at least 90% of the volume of the empty space inside the can. As a can for a rectangular battery, a can with a width of 9 cm, a length of 12 cm, and a thickness of 3 cm is used.

[0252] Example 2.

[0253] A fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguishing apparatus were each prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that sodium formate (HCOONa) (DAEMYUNG Chemical) (molar mass: 68.01 g / mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (DAEJUNG Chemicals & Metals).

[0254] Sodium formate is a non-flammable substance without any flash point and is a non-toxic substance, wherein all concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured according to the toxic gas evaluation method are 0 ppm. In addition, the solubility of sodium formate in 100 g of water at 0°C is about 43.82 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is about 97.2 g.

[0255] Example 3.

[0256] A fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguishing apparatus were each prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that potassium acetate (CH 3 COOK) (DAEJUNG Chemicals & Metals) (molar mass: 98.15 g / mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (DAEJUNG Chemicals & Metals) in the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition.

[0257] Potassium acetate is a non-flammable substance without any flash point and is a non-toxic substance, wherein all concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured according to the toxic gas evaluation method are 0 ppm. In addition, the solubility of potassium acetate in 100 g of water at 0°C is about 216 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is about 268.6 g.

[0258] Example 4.

[0259] Preparation of fire extinguishing composition

[0260] A first mixture was prepared by mixing water (tap water) (W), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4) (DAEJUNG Chemicals & Metals), and potassium acetate (CH3COOK) (DAEJUNG Chemicals & Metals) (molar mass 98.15 g / mol) (F) in a weight ratio (W:N:F) of 160:15:90. Mixing was performed at 300 rpm for approximately 10 minutes at room temperature (approximately 25°C).

[0261] Potassium acetate is a non-flammable substance without any flash point and is a non-toxic substance, wherein all concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured according to the toxic gas evaluation method are 0 ppm. In addition, the solubility of potassium acetate in 100 g of water at 0°C is about 216 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is about 268.6 g.

[0262] The ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (N) (NH₄H₂PO₄) was the same as that used in Example 1. Subsequently, starch (S) (the same starch used in Example 1) was additionally mixed into the first mixture to prepare a fire extinguishing composition. In the second mixture, the ratio of water (W) to starch (S) (W:S) was adjusted to approximately 160:3. Mixing was performed at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 300 rpm for approximately 30 minutes.

[0263] Subsequently, the fire extinguishing composition was loaded on the porous membrane. As the porous membrane, glass wool (thickness: about 2.5 mm, density: about 0.03 g / cm 3 , thermal decomposition temperature: about 400°C) (glass wool blanket, Rosewool).

[0264] Fire extinguishing equipment

[0265] A fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that glass wool loaded with the fire extinguishing composition was used instead of the fire extinguishing composition. At this time, the fire extinguishing composition and the glass wool loaded with the composition filled at least 90% of the volume of the empty space inside the tank.

[0266] Comparative Example 1.

[0267] A fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguishing apparatus were each prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that ethylene glycol (DAEJUNG Chemicals & Metals) (molar mass: 62.07 g / mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (DAEJUNG Chemicals & Metals) in preparing the fire extinguishing composition.

[0268] Ethylene glycol is a combustible substance having a flash point of approximately 111° C., and is a non-toxic substance, in which all concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured according to the toxic gas evaluation method are 0 ppm.

[0269] Comparative Example 2.

[0270] A fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguishing apparatus were each prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that CaCl 2 (DAEJUNG Chemicals & Metals) (molar mass: 110.98 g / mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (DAEJUNG Chemicals & Metals) in the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition.

[0271] CaCl2 is a non-flammable substance without any flash point and is a toxic substance, wherein the concentration of chlorine gas measured according to the toxic gas evaluation method is 0.001ppm, and the concentrations of ammonia gas and hydrofluoric acid gas are each 0ppm. In addition, the solubility of CaCl2 in 100g of water at 0°C is about 59.5g, and the solubility in 100g of water at 25°C is about 74.5g.

[0272] Comparative Example 3.

[0273] A fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguishing apparatus were each prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that xylitol (DAEJUNG Chemicals & Metals) (molar mass: 152.15 g / mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (DAEJUNG Chemicals & Metals) in the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition, and the weight ratio (W:F) of water (W) to xylitol (F) was set to 100:15.

[0274] Xylitol is a non-flammable substance without any flash point and is a non-toxic substance, wherein all concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured according to the toxic gas evaluation method are 0 ppm. In addition, the solubility of xylitol in 100 g of water at 0°C is about 10 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is about 10 g.

[0275] Comparative Example 4.

[0276] A fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguishing apparatus were each prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Al2(SO4)3 (DAEMYUNG Chemical) (molar mass: about 342.14 g / mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (DAEJUNG Chemicals & Metals) in the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition.

[0277] Al2(SO4)3 is a non-flammable substance without any flash point and is a non-toxic substance, with all concentrations of chlorine, ammonia, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured according to the toxic gas evaluation method being 0 ppm. Furthermore, the solubility of Al2(SO4)3 in 100 g of water at 0°C is approximately 31.2 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is approximately 36.4 g.

[0278] The evaluation results of the fire extinguishing devices are described in Tables 1 and 2 below.

[0279] In Tables 1 and 2 below, flammability is the result of evaluation according to "14. Presence of flammability," and toxicity is the result of evaluation of generated gas and its concentration according to "13. Evaluation of toxic gas generation." If the relevant box is empty, it means that no toxic gas was generated according to the evaluation method.

[0280] In Tables 1 and 2 below, ΔT1 is a value obtained by calculating the ionic compounds for all the ionic compounds in the fire extinguishing composition using the equation 1.86×M1×I (M1 is the molar concentration of each ionic compound relative to water, and I is the number of moles of ions produced when 1 mole of the ionic compound has completely dissociated), ΔT2 is a value obtained by calculating the ionic compounds having a solubility of 75 g or more in water at 25° C. using the equation 1.86×M2×I (M2 is the molar concentration of each ionic compound relative to water, and I is the number of moles of ions produced when 1 mole of the ionic compound has completely dissociated) among the ionic compounds in the fire extinguishing composition, and ΔT3 is a value obtained by calculating the alcohols (ethylene glycol and xylitol) in the fire extinguishing composition using the equation 1.86×M3 (M3 is the molar concentration of the alcohol relative to water).

[0281] [Table 1]

[0282]

[0283] [Table 2]

[0284]

[0285] Example 5

[0286] A fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a bag was used instead of a can. The bag was manufactured by laminating a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film (thickness: about 10 μm), an aluminum foil (thickness: about 20 μm), and a PP (polypropylene) hot melt film (thickness: about 70 μm) in the above order. The PET film was laminated on one side of the aluminum foil with an adhesive, and the PP hot melt film was laminated on the other side at a temperature of about 200°C to manufacture an outer shell. A film having a melting point of about 140°C was used as the PP hot melt film. Figure 5As shown, a recess I is formed in the central portion of the shell to prepare the upper shell 121 and the lower shell 122 respectively. The fire extinguishing composition is placed in the recess I between the upper shell 121 and the lower shell 122, and the PP hot melt films are fused to each other at a temperature of about 200°C in the sealing portion S to manufacture a fire extinguishing device. Thereafter, three of the four sealing portions S are folded so that the unfolded sealing portion can serve as a ventilation area. Here, the composition is injected to occupy at least 90% of the volume of the sealed space formed by the recess I. The WVTR of the shell is about 0 g / m 2 The housing is manufactured to have a width of 9 cm, a length of about 12 cm, and a thickness of about 3 cm.

[0287] Example 6

[0288] A fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the bag manufactured in Example 5 was used instead of the canister.

[0289] Example 7

[0290] A fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the bag of Example 5 was used instead of the canister.

[0291] Example 8

[0292] A fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the bag of Example 5 was used instead of the canister.

[0293] Comparative Example 5

[0294] A fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the bag of Example 5 was used instead of the can.

[0295] Comparative Example 6

[0296] A fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2, except that the bag of Example 5 was used instead of the can.

[0297] Comparative Example 7

[0298] A fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3, except that the bag type of Example 5 was used instead of the can.

[0299] Comparative Example 8

[0300] A fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4, except that the bag of Example 5 was used instead of the canister.

[0301] The results of the evaluation of the fire extinguishing devices are described in Tables 3 and 4 below.

[0302] In the following Tables 3 and 4, the meanings of ignition properties, toxicity, ΔT1, ΔT2 and ΔT3 are the same as those in Tables 1 and 2.

[0303] [Table 3]

[0304]

[0305] [Table 4]

[0306]

Claims

1. A composition comprising: Solvents with a freezing point of -10°C or higher at 1 atmosphere; and Ionic compounds having a solubility of 75 g or more in water at 25°C and being non-flammable or having a flash point of 120°C or more, wherein ΔT1 of the following equation 1 is in the range of 5 to 40, and The ratio ΔT2 / ΔT1 of ΔT2 of the following equation 2 to the above ΔT1 is 0.4 or greater: [Equation 1] ΔT1=1.86×M1×I1 [Equation 2] ΔT2=1.86×M2×I2 in, M1 is the molar concentration of all ionic compounds contained in the composition relative to the solvent, I1 is the molar number of ions produced by the dissociation of 1 mole of the ionic compound having a molar concentration of M1, M2 is the molar concentration of the non-flammable ionic compound or the ionic compound having a flash point of 120°C or higher contained in the composition relative to the solvent, and I2 is the molar number of ions produced by the dissociation of 1 mole of the ionic compound having a molar concentration of M2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein ΔT2 is in the range of 5 to 38.

3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein ΔT3 of the following equation 3 is 7 or less: [Equation 3] ΔT3=1.86×M3 in, M3 is the molar concentration of all alcohols contained in the composition relative to the solvent.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the boiling point of the solvent is in the range of 80°C to 120°C.

5. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the solvent is water. 6 . The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the solvent is 40% by weight or greater.

7. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the ionic compound which is non-flammable or has a flash point of 120°C or higher has a solubility of 20 g or more in 100 g of water at 0°C.

8. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the ionic compound which is non-flammable or has a flash point of 120°C or higher has a solubility of 80 g or greater in 100 g of water at 25°C.

9. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the ionic compound which is non-flammable or has a flash point of 120°C or higher has a molar mass of 300 g / mol or less.

10. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the ionic compound which is non-flammable or has a flash point of 120°C or higher is one or more selected from the group consisting of formates, acetates, carbonates, and sulfates.

11. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising phosphoric acid, a phosphate salt, a phosphonate compound, or a phosphate ester compound.

12. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a carbonizable organic material.

13. The composition according to claim 12, wherein the carbonizable organic material is a polysaccharide, a polyol, cellulose, lignin, BSPPO, a carbonizable polymer or a melamine compound.

14. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising a water-absorbing polymer.

15. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, further comprising a buffer.

16. A fire extinguishing device comprising: case; and A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15 present within the housing.

17. The fire extinguishing device according to claim 16, wherein the WVTR (water vapor transmission rate) of the housing is 0.5 g / m 2 days or less.

18. The fire extinguishing device according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the composition occupies 70% or more of the volume of the interior of the housing.

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