Electric motor (II)

Abstract

An electric motor is provided that is capable of at least partially recovering the primary power required for a primary induced magnetic field in a rotor of 500 to 2000 watts, typically about 1200 watts, through a secondary induced magnetic field in a cylinder. Compared with other motors, the novel motor shows significantly lower temperature development, the friction loss is also significantly reduced, and the rotating speed of a driver can generally reach 500-1800 rpm, and the highest rotating speed can reach about 2000 rpm. Due to the special arrangement of the magnets on the connecting rod, the motor operates very stably and quietly.

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of electrical engineering and relates to an improved electric motor having lower energy loss, high energy recovery rate and particularly smooth running performance. Technical Background

[0002] The rotational motion of an electric motor is based on the attractive and repulsive forces (Lorentz forces) generated by the interaction of multiple magnetic fields. In a typical electric motor, there is a stationary outer part and an inner part that rotates inside it. One of the parts has permanent magnets, while the other is an electromagnetic coil, or both parts have coils. Each coil carrying current generates a magnetic field whose direction (north / south pole) depends on the direction of the current flow—if the current flows through the coil in the opposite direction, the magnetic field also reverses. Continuous rotation of the inner part is achieved by reversing the polarity of the coils multiple times during a single rotation.

[0003] Since 1820 / 21 Since Faraday's fundamental development and Siemens' invention of the first generator, the electric motor has become one of the hallmarks of the Second Industrial Revolution. If you search for this term in relevant databases today, the results show that there are more than 300,000 applied for and granted patents related to this topic.

[0004] Electric motors are currently attracting increasing commercial attention within the context of "e-mobility." The search is on for highly efficient electric motors capable of operating motors, such as those used in motor vehicles, for as long as possible on limited battery power. A key challenge is recovering the energy required for primary induction in the rotor-stator combination during operation, for which existing electric motors do not yet offer a satisfactory solution.

[0005] Related existing technologies

[0006] US 2014 0306532 A1 (LLOYD GRAY) discloses a generator featuring five cylinders arranged radially around a common crankshaft. Mechanical input power from the engine is applied to the crankshaft, which converts it into electrical output power. Each of the five radial cylinders contains four sets of equally spaced shuttle magnets arranged end to end and separated by spacers and insulators. The shuttle magnets are mounted as an assembly on a rod that is driven independently of the crankshaft so that each of the five rods can reciprocate in a different phase within four sets of matched equally spaced pickup coils. The AC current from each of the twenty total pickup coils is individually rectified, filtered, and regulated to charge a battery pack or supercapacitor. A solid-state inverter can be connected to the battery or supercapacitor to generate, for example, AC power.

[0007] EP 3382868 B1 (VARLI) proposes an electric motor capable of at least partially recovering 500 to 2000 W, typically about 1200 W, of the primary power for generating the primary induced magnetic field in the rotor via a secondary induced magnetic field in the cylinder.

[0008] Technical issues

[0009] The electric motor disclosed in EP 3382868 B1 is capable of generating surprisingly high amounts of electricity and, in theory, could be operated at speeds of up to 2000 rpm. However, in practice, this has been found to be impossible. In fact, at the higher speeds required to generate the desired current, the entire system would begin to vibrate, quickly leading to serious damage. Furthermore, the noise level of this motor would be unacceptable in any technical implementation. To avoid these drawbacks, it is necessary to operate the motor at a lower speed, even though this would result in a failure to achieve the theoretically achievable amount of electricity.

[0010] The object of the present invention is therefore to improve the electric motor of EP 33828678 B1 in such a way as to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In a first embodiment, the invention relates to an electric motor installed in a motor vehicle for obtaining electrical energy, storing electrical energy or feeding it back to an electric drive, comprising or consisting of (i) a drive (C) comprising:

[0012] (ia) securing the magnetic stator element;

[0013] (ib) a rotor element movably disposed within the stator element, comprising an iron core and a rotor coil wound therearound; and

[0014] (ic) a drive shaft (B), rotatably mounted, on which a rotor element (R) is mounted;

[0015] (id) a power supply with sliding contacts for driving the rotor elements; and optionally,

[0016] (ie) polarity converters;

[0017] (ii) at least two cylinders (Z), each containing:

[0018] (ii-a) at least one magnetic core (M1, M2, M3);

[0019] (ii-b) at least one cylinder coil (X1, X2);

[0020] (ii-c) a single connecting rod (P) for each cylinder (C);

[0021] (ii-d) connecting rod bearing (PB);

[0022] (iii) a housing (G) for accommodating the actuator (C) and the cylinder (Z),

[0023] in

[0024] (a1) at least one cylinder coil (X1, X2) is fixedly arranged in the cylinder (Z);

[0025] (a2) The magnetic core (M1, M2, M3) is connected to the drive shaft (B) through a connecting rod (P);

[0026] (a3) The connecting rods are arranged in two opposing groups, which are respectively connected to the drive shaft (B) to form a "V" shape; wherein

[0027] (a4) The rotational motion of the drive shaft (B) is converted into the translational motion of the connecting rod (P) through the connecting rod, and then converted into the translational motion of the magnetic core (M1, M2, M3) in each cylinder (Z);

[0028] (a5) The magnetic cores (M1, M2, M3) regularly pass through the cylinder coils (X1, X2) set in the cylinder (Z), thereby inducing a magnetic field and generating electrical energy.

[0029] Among them, the magnetic core (M1, M2, M3)

[0030] (b1) is mounted on a single connecting rod (P) and is movable within a corresponding cylinder (Z); and

[0031] (b2) Each individual connecting rod is separated from each other by a spacer (S1, S2, S3), wherein the spacer is in the shape of a truncated cone.

[0032] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, each assembly consisting of a magnetic core (M) and its corresponding spacer (S) is fixed to its corresponding connecting rod (P) by means of a locking ring (R).

[0033] Surprisingly, it has been found that inserting the frustoconical spacers between the magnetic cores and preferably securing each assembly consisting of a magnetic core and its corresponding spacer to the connecting rod by means of a locking ring solves the underlying problem of the present invention. The entire motor is more stable, runs more smoothly and is virtually silent, which allows the motor to run at significantly higher speeds and thus generate more energy.

[0034] Electric Motor Principle

[0035] The electric motor according to the invention is driven by a magnetic field generated by current in a rotating conductor coil, the mutual attractive and repulsive forces of which are converted into motion of the drive shaft relative to permanently mounted permanent magnets. Rotational speeds of 500 to 1800 rpm, and even up to about 2000 rpm, are typically achievable.

[0036] Specifically, the drive consists of permanent magnets, a stator that generates a constant magnetic field, and a moving part (called a rotor, armature, or armature) that moves between the two poles of the stator. The rotor is supported by a rotatably mounted drive shaft, such as a crankshaft. Coils are wound around the rotor, such as an iron core, through which current is passed. The electrical energy is supplied via sliding contacts, so-called "brushes," mounted on the rotor. If a DC drive is used, a pole inverter (commutator) is provided as a further element, which reverses the direction of the current in each case so that the rotor does not stop as long as the opposite poles of the rotor and stator are opposite to each other.

[0037] When current flows through the coils, the rotor core becomes magnetized. The repulsive force between the opposite magnetic poles causes the rotor to rotate within the stator housing. When AC power is used, the direction of the current and the polarity of the rotor magnets automatically and periodically change, enabling continuous rotation. When DC power is used, the direction of the current and the polarity of the rotor magnets are controlled by a polarity converter, enabling continuous rotation. This rotational motion is transmitted to the drive shaft, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.

[0038] Energy recovery principle

[0039] According to the present invention, a drive shaft is used to drive two or more cylinders. Unlike conventional electric motors, the energy generated and utilized here is not rotational energy, but translational energy.

[0040] The cylinders are characterized in that they contain at least one, but preferably two or three, magnetic cores which are arranged on a connecting rod which in turn is connected to the drive shaft. Specifically, the rotational motion of the drive shaft is converted by the connecting rod into a translational motion of the connecting rod and thus into a translational motion of the magnets in each cylinder.

[0041] The magnets are movable within the cylinder via connecting rods and are moved back and forth along the cylinder axis via a drive shaft. The cylinder also contains at least one, but preferably two or three, coils fixedly connected to the cylinder housing and preferably arranged concentrically within the housing. As the magnets move along the cylinder axis, they regularly pass through the coils, inducing a magnetic field and generating electrical energy that can be harvested, stored, or fed back to the electric drive. In this way, at least 50% and even up to 70% of the energy required to induce the magnetic field in the rotor can be recovered. Preferably, the device according to the present invention has two, four, six, or eight cylinders, each typically arranged in pairs facing each other and driven by a drive shaft via connecting rods. This also allows the cylinders to be timed and adjusted.

[0042] In principle, the device is also suitable for the case where a single magnet passes through the magnetic field of the coil, but it has proven to be more advantageous to use two or preferably three magnets with regard to higher energy recovery. The diameters of the magnets should be equal and matched to the cross-section of the cylinder, but their lengths can be the same or different. Typical diameters are 1 to about 10 cm, preferably about 2 to about 4 cm. Typical lengths are about 2 to about 20 cm, preferably about 4 to about 8 cm. As shown in the figure, for reasons of stability, it is recommended to make the two outer magnets slightly shorter than the middle one. Particularly preferred are so-called neodymium magnets, i.e. permanent magnets made of an alloy of neodymium, iron and boron, with the composition Nd2Fe 14 B.

[0043] The following will refer to Figures 1 to 6 The present invention will be explained in more detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The meanings of the accompanying drawings are as follows:

[0044] (1) Motor details

[0045] (2) Electric motor with separated view of drive and drive shaft

[0046] (3) Cylinder

[0047] (4) Housing - Top

[0048] (5) Shell-bottom

[0049] (6) Aluminum round bar-top

[0050] (7) Neodymium magnet 1

[0051] (8) Coil

[0052] (9) Aluminum round bar-connector

[0053] (10) Neodymium magnet 2

[0054] (11) Aluminum round bar-bottom

[0055] (12) Drive shaft

[0056] (13) Drive shaft gear

[0057] Figure 1 The figure shows a view of an electric motor having a total of 4 cylinders arranged opposite each other. The reference numerals used therein have the following meanings:

[0058] (G) Housing

[0059] (2) Motor oil pan (metal)

[0060] (3) Drive shaft

[0061] (4)Upper part

[0062] (Z) Cylinder

[0063] (6) Side support round bar

[0064] (7) Cover

[0065] (8) Screws

[0066] The housing (G) consists of a lower part, a trough (2), and an upper part (4) containing the cylinders (Z). The cylinders (Z) are arranged in pairs and are each held in place by four round rods (6) and a cover plate (7). The round rods used as side supports are screwed to the cover plate through threaded holes (8). Between the two housing parts are the bearings for the drive shaft (3).

[0067] Figure 2 A second, more detailed view of the electric motor is shown. Here, the drive (C) can be seen in detail, i.e. the rotor-stator combination connected to the drive shaft (C).

[0068] Figure 3 Not according to the present invention, but rather a cross-section of a cylinder of an original electric motor according to EP 3382868 B1 is shown, specifically showing the situation where the magnets are in a state of maximum deflection. The reference figures used in the figure have the following meanings:

[0069] (ZO) Cylinder housing, upper part

[0070] (ZU) Cylinder housing, lower (PO) Connecting rod, upper

[0071] (M1, M2) cores 1 and 2

[0072] (X1,X2) coil

[0073] (PS) connecting rod, connecting piece (M3) magnetic core 3

[0074] (PU) Connecting rod, lower

[0075] The cylinder housing is usually made of plastic and has an opening at each end to guide the connecting rod. As shown in the figure, the three magnets are connected by independent connecting rod elements (PO, PS, PU).

[0076] Figure 4 This is again in accordance with the present invention. The cores are assembled in the same manner and move within the cylinder to generate the magnetic field. However, the cores are assembled on a connecting rod (P) and separated from each other by spacers (S). Each core and spacer assembly is secured to the connecting rod by a locking ring (R).

[0077] Figure 5 and Figure 4Similar, but also showing the connection between the connecting rod (P) and the connecting rod bearing (PB).

[0078] Figure 6 Details of the spacer, locking ring and connecting rod are shown.

[0079] In another embodiment of the present invention, the electric motor can also be connected in series to a generator, thereby providing an output power of up to 5000 watts per hour. In addition, typical applications of the new electric motor include motor vehicles, trucks, buses, ships, aircraft, etc.

Claims

1. An electric motor installed in a motor vehicle for obtaining electrical energy, storing electrical energy or feeding it back to an electric drive, comprising or consisting of the following components (i) Driver (C), comprising: (ia) securing the magnetic stator element; (ib) a rotor element movably disposed within the stator element, comprising an iron core and a rotor coil wound thereon; as well as (ic) a drive shaft (B), rotatably mounted, on which a rotor element (R) is mounted; (id) a power supply with sliding contacts for driving the rotor elements; and optionally, (ie) polarity converters; (ii) at least two cylinders (Z), each containing: (ii-a) at least one magnetic core (M1, M2, M3); (ii-b) at least one cylinder coil (X1, X2); (ii-c) a single connecting rod (P) for each cylinder (C); (ii-d) connecting rod bearing (PB); (iii) a housing (G) for accommodating the drive (C) and the cylinder (Z), in (a1) at least one cylinder coil (X1, X2) is fixedly arranged in the cylinder (Z); (a2) The magnetic core (M1, M2, M3) is connected to the drive shaft (B) through a connecting rod (P); (a3) The connecting rods are arranged in two opposing groups, and the two groups of connecting rods are connected to the drive shaft (B) respectively, thereby forming a "V" shape; in (a4) the rotational motion of the drive shaft (B) is converted into the translational motion of the connecting rod (P) through the connecting rod, and thus into the translational motion of the magnetic core (M1, M2, M3) in each cylinder (Z); and (a5) The magnetic cores (M1, M2, M3) regularly pass through the cylinder coils (X1, X2) set in the cylinder (Z), thereby inducing a magnetic field and generating electrical energy. Among them, the magnetic core (M1, M2, M3) (b1) is mounted on a single connecting rod (P) and is movable within a corresponding cylinder (Z); and (b2) Each individual connecting rod is separated from each other by a spacer (S1, S2, S3), wherein the spacer is in the shape of a truncated cone.

2. An electric motor according to claim 1, wherein each assembly consisting of a core (M) and its corresponding spacer (S) is fixed to each individual connecting rod (P) by means of a locking ring (R).

3. The electric motor according to claim 1, having two, four, six or eight cylinders (Z), each cylinder being arranged in pairs opposite to each other and driven by a drive shaft via a connecting rod (P).

4. The electric motor of claim 1, operating at a primary power of 500 to 2000 watts.

5. The electric motor of claim 1, operating at a speed of up to 2000 rpm.

6. The electric motor of claim 1, providing at least 50% recovery of external energy required to drive the rotor coils.

7. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder (Z) consists of aluminum.

8. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder (Z) contains at least two, preferably three, magnetic cores (M1, M2, M3).

9. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic cores (M1, M2, M3) have the same diameter and the same or different lengths.

10. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic core (M1, M2, M3) consists of a neodymium alloy.

11. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder (Z) contains at least two cylinder coils (X1, X2).

12. A power generation device comprising at least one electric motor according to claim 1 and a generator connected in series therewith.

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