Fertilizing method for improving quality and yield of oat seeds

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a fertilization method for improving the quality and yield of oat seeds, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and biochar are used as base fertilizers, the application amount of the diammonium hydrogen phosphate is 10-12 kg / mu, the application amount of the biochar is 10-15 kg / mu, bacterial fertilizer dressing is carried out in the seedling emergence period of crops, and chemical fertilizer dressing is not carried out in the later period; the bacterial fertilizer is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculant and a trichoderma inoculant. The use amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced, and the negative effect of excessive use of the chemical fertilizer on crop growth is reduced; the soil environment is improved by additionally applying biochar, and the nutrient utilization efficiency is improved; by utilizing a hypha network formed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root systems, the absorption area of the oat root systems is increased, and the nutrient utilization efficiency of plants is improved; the application of the trichoderma can promote the development of lateral roots of plants and accelerate the growth speed of the plants in the seedling stage; the fertilization method can improve the quality and yield of the oat seeds, is simple and easy to implement, is suitable for large-scale popularization and application, and has a wide market prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of biological agriculture, and particularly relates to a fertilization method for improving the quality and yield of oat seeds. Background Art

[0002] Forage oats are an important forage grass. Currently, domestic oat cultivation has reached 4 million mu (approximately 1.5 acres) and commercial hay production is approximately 2 million tons annually. Demand for forage oat seeds continues to increase, and current research on oat cultivation focuses on optimizing the planting process. For example, Chinese patent CN201811530097.1 discloses a method for cultivating oats, comprising the following steps: A. plowing and leveling the land, and creating furrows and beds; B. sun-drying mature oat seeds and soaking them in water for 5-6 hours; C. mixing the soaked oat seeds with the mycorrhizae of Ammonium oxysporum fungi. Within 1-240 minutes after mixing, evenly sow the oat seeds in the furrows created in step A. This improved oat cultivation method replaces the application of chemical fertilizers with an AM fungus that can coexist with plants, significantly improving oat yield and disease resistance. Chinese patent CN202311771156.5 discloses a low-disturbance, rapid production method for forage oats suitable for natural grasslands. The method includes the following steps: selecting natural grasslands with good natural rainfall, good fertility, deep soil, and flat terrain; selecting oat varieties with a short growth period of 65-70 days; sowing oats using no-tillage overseeding technology 3-4 days before rain from June 15th to June 30th, according to the weather forecast, with soil moisture content of 3-6%. The sowing method is to mix diammonium phosphate fertilizer and oat seeds in a weight ratio of 2:1, sow them into the cut slits at one time, and then press them with a roller after sowing. The sowing rows are 30-40 cm apart; the oat seed sowing rate is 8-10 kg / mu; and topdressing of 8-10 kg / mu is applied on rainy days according to the weather forecast. In August, at the heading stage of the oats, the oats are harvested together with the native grassland forage. This method achieves efficient and rapid production of oat forage in a short period of time without damaging the native vegetation of the natural grassland. Chinese patent CN202110271496.6 discloses a method for planting forage oats in the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountain, which belongs to the field of agricultural technology. The method includes the following steps: Step 1. Area selection; Step 2. Site selection; Step 3. Variety selection; Step 4. Sowing time; Step 5. Top-frost sowing; Step 6. Mowing time; Step 7. Flattening; Step 8. Splicing; Step 9. Rotary tillage and weeding; Step 10. Integrated water and fertilizer; The sowing, harvesting and splicing times are clarified; The average yield of two crops of forage oats green hay reaches more than 1,000 kg / mu; and the supporting mechanized field operations are basically solved.

[0003] The above existing technologies all focus on optimizing the planting process of forage oats, but the fertilization method is also crucial to oat yield and seed quality. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a fertilization method to improve the quality and yield of forage oats seeds. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a fertilization method for improving the quality and yield of oat seeds by optimizing the type of fertilizer and the fertilization time, thereby improving the quality and yield of oat seeds.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fertilization method for improving the quality and yield of oat seeds. The oats are forage oats, diammonium phosphate and biochar are used as base fertilizers, the diammonium phosphate application rate is 10-12 kg / mu, the biochar application rate is 10-15 kg / mu, bacterial fertilizer is applied during the crop emergence stage, and no chemical fertilizer is applied in the later stage; the bacterial fertilizer is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agent and trichoderma agent.

[0006] The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agent of the present invention is provided by Nanjing Cuijingyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with an application rate of 0.5-1 kg / mu, and the agent is diluted 200 times with water and sprayed on the roots of crops; the Trichoderma agent is provided by Jiangsu Siweibo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with an application rate of 0.5-1 kg / mu, and the agent is diluted 500 times with water and sprayed on the roots of crops.

[0007] The fertilization method of the present invention can improve the soil environment, so that in areas with relatively poor soil conditions, the yield of forage oats can be increased while also improving the soil environment.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the present invention uses Trichoderma agents and arbuscular mycorrhizal agents as topdressing fertilizers for the first time during the oat seedling emergence stage, thereby reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers used and reducing the negative effects of excessive use of chemical fertilizers on crop growth. The soil environment is improved by increasing the application of biochar, thereby increasing nutrient utilization efficiency. The mycelial network formed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the root system is utilized to increase the absorption area of the oat root system, thereby improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of the plant. The application of Trichoderma can promote the development of plant lateral roots and accelerate the growth rate of the plant during the seedling stage. The fertilization method of the present invention can not only improve the quality and yield of oat seeds, but also improve the soil environment. The method is simple and easy to implement, provides a new idea and method for forage seed field planting, is suitable for large-scale promotion and use, and has broad market prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 The present invention relates to the effects of different treatments on the height of oats. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The present invention is further described in detail below through specific examples.

[0011] Example 1:

[0012] This embodiment relates to a fertilization method for improving the quality and yield of oat seeds, wherein the oats are forage oats, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and biochar are used as base fertilizer, bacterial fertilizer is applied during the crop emergence stage, and no chemical fertilizer is applied later; the bacterial fertilizer is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agent and a Trichoderma agent; the specific steps are:

[0013] (1) Applying base fertilizer: Spread diammonium phosphate and biochar into the tilled soil. The application rate of diammonium phosphate is 12 kg / mu and the application rate of biochar is 10 kg / mu.

[0014] (2) Topdressing: Apply bacterial fertilizers during the emergence stage of forage oats. The bacterial fertilizers are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma. The application rate of the AMF is 1 kg / mu, and the agent is diluted 200 times with water and sprayed on the roots of crops. The application rate of the Trichoderma is 1 kg / mu, and the agent is diluted 500 times with water and sprayed on the roots of crops.

[0015] The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agent described in this example was provided by Nanjing Cuijingyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the Trichoderma agent was provided by Jiangsu Siweibo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0016] Watering and other field management during the cultivation of forage oats are the same as existing conventional management methods.

[0017] Example 2:

[0018] This embodiment relates to a fertilization method for improving the quality and yield of oat seeds, wherein the oats are forage oats, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and biochar are used as base fertilizer, bacterial fertilizer is applied during the crop emergence stage, and no chemical fertilizer is applied later; the bacterial fertilizer is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agent and a Trichoderma agent; the specific steps are:

[0019] (1) Applying base fertilizer: Spread diammonium phosphate and biochar into the tilled soil. The application rate of diammonium phosphate is 10 kg / mu and the application rate of biochar is 13 kg / mu.

[0020] (2) Topdressing: Apply fertilizers during the emergence stage of forage oats. The fertilizers are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma. The application rate of AMF is 0.5 kg / mu, and the agent is diluted 200 times with water and sprayed on the roots of crops. The application rate of Trichoderma is 0.8 kg / mu, and the agent is diluted 500 times with water and sprayed on the roots of crops.

[0021] The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agent described in this example was provided by Nanjing Cuijingyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the Trichoderma agent was provided by Jiangsu Siweibo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0022] Watering and other field management during the cultivation of forage oats are the same as existing conventional management methods.

[0023] Example 3:

[0024] This embodiment relates to a fertilization method for improving the quality and yield of oat seeds. The oats are forage oats, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and biochar are used as base fertilizer, and bacterial fertilizer is applied during the crop emergence stage, and no chemical fertilizer is applied later. The bacterial fertilizer is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agent and a Trichoderma agent. The specific steps are:

[0025] (1) Applying base fertilizer: Spread diammonium phosphate and biochar into the tilled soil. The application rate of diammonium phosphate is 11 kg / mu and the application rate of biochar is 15 kg / mu.

[0026] (2) Topdressing: Apply fertilizers during the emergence stage of forage oats. The fertilizers are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma. The application rate of AMF is 0.8 kg / mu, and the agent is diluted 200 times with water and sprayed on the roots of crops. The application rate of Trichoderma is 0.5 kg / mu, and the agent is diluted 500 times with water and sprayed on the roots of crops.

[0027] The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agent described in this example was provided by Nanjing Cuijingyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the Trichoderma agent was provided by Jiangsu Siweibo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0028] Watering and other field management during the cultivation of forage oats are the same as existing conventional management methods.

[0029] Example 4:

[0030] This example involves an experiment on the effect of the fertilization method described in Example 1. The experiment was designed with 5 treatments, each treatment was repeated 5 times, and there were 25 plots in total, each plot had an area of 4*5=20m 2 , seed sowing rate: 12kg / mu, average 360g / plot; sowing method: drill sowing, 16 rows per plot, row spacing 25cm, 5cm protection rows on both sides of the plot; 5 treatments including Example 1 treatment and 4 comparative example treatments:

[0031] Comparative Example 1: Conventional fertilization, applying diammonium hydrogen phosphate as base fertilizer, and topdressing during the jointing stage of crop growth, with urea as the topdressing fertilizer;

[0032] Comparative Example 2: Applying biochar base fertilizer on the basis of applying 90wt% conventional diammonium hydrogen phosphate base fertilizer;

[0033] Comparative Example 3: On the basis of applying 90wt% conventional diammonium hydrogen phosphate base fertilizer, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agent was applied at the seedling stage of forage oats;

[0034] Comparative Example 4: On the basis of applying 90wt% conventional diammonium hydrogen phosphate base fertilizer, Trichoderma agent was applied at the seedling stage of forage oats;

[0035] Example 1: On the basis of applying 80 wt% conventional diammonium hydrogen phosphate base fertilizer, biochar base fertilizer was applied, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and trichoderma agents were topdressed at the seedling stage of forage oats.

[0036] The specific fertilizer amounts for the five treatments are shown in Table 1.

[0037] Table 1 Fertilization type of each treatment

[0038] Plant heights of forage oats at different growth stages were measured under different treatments, and the quality of ears and seeds was analyzed. Soil physical and chemical properties were also analyzed before and after the different treatments. The results are as follows:

[0039] (1) The effects of different treatments on plant height at different growth stages of crops are shown in Table 2 and Figure 1 As shown:

[0040] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on plant height at different growth stages of crops (unit: cm)

[0041] From Table 2 and Figure 1 It can be seen that there is no significant difference in the plant height data of each treatment during the tillering period, indicating that during the tillering period, the nutrients obtained by forage oats from the soil can meet their normal growth.

[0042] During the jointing stage, forage oats require substantial nutrient supplementation to promote growth. During this period, the plant heights of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 surpassed those of the other treatments, while Comparative Example 2 had the shortest plant height. Comparative Example 2, which reduced fertilizer application by 10% and applied only biochar, failed to meet the growth requirements of forage oats. However, Example 1, which reduced fertilizer application by 20% and added biochar, combined with the application of Trichoderma and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, increased the average plant height of forage oats by 0.44 cm compared to conventional fertilization (Comparative Example 1).

[0043] From the booting stage to the maturity stage, the average plant height of Example 1 increased by 3.75 cm compared to that of Control Example 1. This result is because the pore structure of biochar provides a habitat for microorganisms and supplements them with carbon nutrients, improving the soil microecological environment, increasing the activity of functional microorganisms, activating soil nutrients, meeting the growth needs of crops, and promoting crop growth.

[0044] (2) Effects of different treatments on crop wheat ear-related indicators

[0045] The spike of forage oats is an important organ for photosynthesis in oats, affecting the quality and yield of forage oat seeds. The spike length, spike weight, and spikelet number of wheat ears with different treatments were measured, and the results are shown in Table 3. As can be seen from Table 3, the spike length, spike weight, and spikelet number of forage oats using the treatment method of Example 1 are all higher than those of Comparative Examples 1-4. Compared with the normal fertilization treatment (Comparative Example 1), the fertilization method according to the present invention does not significantly increase the spike length of the crop, but the spike weight and spikelet number increase by 20.31% and 6.82%, respectively. On the basis of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer used, the nutrient accumulation of forage oat seeds can also be significantly increased.

[0046] The reason for this result may be that biochar has a certain adsorption effect on soil nutrients. Compared with conventional fertilization methods, it can achieve a slow-release effect of nutrients, provide continuous nutrient supply for crop growth, and meet the nutrient needs of crops at different stages; while conventional fertilization methods have large fertilizer losses and low utilization rates, which cannot meet the nutrient needs of crops in the later stages of growth and must be met through topdressing of fertilizers.

[0047] Table 3 Effects of different treatments on crop wheat ear related indicators

[0048] (3) Effects of different treatments on seed quality

[0049] The yield indexes of forage oats seeds treated with different methods were measured, and the results are shown in Table 4. As can be seen from Table 4, the number of seeds, thousand-grain weight, and seed yield of Example 1 were all higher than those of Comparative Examples 1-4. The seed yield of Example 1 was increased by 16.22% compared with Comparative Example 1.

[0050] Table 4 Effects of different treatments on seed quality

[0051] (4) Effects of different treatments on soil physical and chemical properties

[0052] The physical and chemical properties of the soil were tested before and after different fertilization treatments, and the results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.

[0053] Table 5 Basic physical and chemical properties of soil

[0054] Table 6 Physical and chemical properties of soil after different fertilization treatments

[0055] As can be seen from Tables 5 and 6, conventional fertilization in Comparative Example 1 did not improve the soil environment. The physical and chemical properties of the soil after treatment in Comparative Examples 2-4 were inferior to those in Example 1. Treatment 1 effectively improved soil activity.

[0056] In summary, fertilization can promote tillering and vegetative growth of forage oats, influence flower bud differentiation, and thus affect seed yield and quality. The present invention reduces the amount of chemical fertilizer used, thereby reducing the negative effects of excessive fertilizer use on crop growth (which can lead to excessive plant growth, slender stems, and an increased risk of lodging, thereby reducing seed yield). The soil environment is improved by increasing the application of biochar as a base fertilizer, thereby increasing nutrient utilization efficiency. The mycelial network formed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the root system increases the root absorption area of the forage oats, thereby improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of the plant. The application of Trichoderma can promote the development of plant lateral roots and accelerate the growth rate of the plant during the seedling stage. Topdressing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma can also effectively improve the soil environment. Combining the above measures, a fertilization method for improving the quality of forage oats seeds is formed, which can not only reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer applied, but also improve the soil environment, achieving the purpose of reducing fertilizer and increasing efficiency.

Claims

1. A fertilization method for improving oat seed quality and yield, characterized in that: The oats are forage oats, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and biochar are used as base fertilizers, bacterial fertilizer is applied during the crop emergence stage, and no chemical fertilizer is applied in the later stage; the bacterial fertilizers are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agents and trichoderma agents; the fertilization method can not only improve the quality and yield of forage oats seeds, but also effectively improve the soil environment.

2. The fertilization method for improving oat seed quality and yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application rate of diammonium phosphate is 10-12kg / mu, and the application rate of biochar is 10-15kg / mu.

3. The fertilization method for improving oat seed quality and yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus agent is 0.5-1 kg / mu, and the application amount of the trichoderma agent is 0.5-1 kg / mu.

4. The fertilization method for improving oat seed quality and yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: When applying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agents, dilute the agents 200 times with water and spray them on the roots of crops; when applying Trichoderma agents, dilute the agents 500 times with water and spray them on the roots of crops.

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