Prevention and control technology for conopomorpha sinensis and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a conopomorpha sinensis prevention and control technology and application. The technology comprises a comprehensive prevention and control method combining agricultural prevention and control, chemical prevention and control and biological prevention and control. According to the practical agricultural prevention and control, the insect source cardinal number is reduced by improving the microhabitat, and favorable conditions are created for chemical prevention and control and biological prevention and control; chemical control rapidly reduces the population number in the pest outbreak period, and reduces the biological control pressure; the biological control makes up the short-term defect of the chemical control through long-acting pest control, the agricultural control, the chemical control and the biological control form a three-dimensional control system of'prevention-pressing-continuous control ', the three-dimensional control system formed by the agricultural control, the chemical control and the biological control not only remarkably improves the control effect of conopomorpha sinensis, but also protects natural enemy communities by reducing the use of pesticides, and the economic benefit of the conopomorpha sinensis is improved. Unification of economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits is achieved, and key technical support is provided for green and sustainable development of the litchi industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of litchi stalk borer control, and in particular to a litchi stalk borer control technology and application. Background Art

[0002] The litchi stem borer is one of the main fruit-boring pests of subtropical fruit trees such as litchi and longan. Its larvae feed on litchi fruits, flower spikes and tender shoots, causing fruit rot, fruit drop and quality deterioration, seriously affecting the yield and economic benefits of litchi.

[0003] At present, the prevention and control of litchi stem borer still faces many challenges: traditional single chemical control methods easily lead to increased pest resistance, excessive pesticide residues and ecological damage; relying solely on agricultural control or biological control has problems such as long control cycle, slow effect, and unstable control effect. In the existing technology, the comprehensive control technology system for litchi stem borer is still imperfect, especially in the synergistic mechanism of different control methods and the optimization of specific operating parameters (such as pruning transmittance, agent ratio concentration, biological control agent release amount, etc.). There are technical gaps, making it difficult to achieve efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable control goals. Therefore, the present invention provides a litchi stem borer control technology and application for solving the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a litchi stem borer control technology and application to solve the problems in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a litchi stem borer control technology and application, including an integrated control method combining agricultural control, chemical control, and biological control. Agricultural control: After litchi fruit is harvested, the tree crown is rationally pruned to remove insect-infested branches, overcrowded branches, and overlapping branches. After pruning, the branches in the tree crown are evenly distributed and well ventilated and light-permeable. At the same time, dead branches, fallen leaves, and fallen fruits in the orchard are promptly cleaned and destroyed in a centralized manner. During the litchi flower bud differentiation period, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied is controlled, and organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are increased. The organic fertilizer is fully decomposed farmyard manure, and 15-20 kg per plant is applied.

[0006] Chemical control: During the peak period of adult emergence and egg hatching of litchi stem borer, spray the tree crowns with 2000-3000 times diluted 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, 2500-3500 times diluted 10% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate, or 1500-2500 times diluted 5% lufenuron suspension concentrate;

[0007] Biological control: Release trichogrammatids in the litchi orchard during the egg stage of the litchi stem borer. The release quantity is 100,000 to 150,000 per mu, divided into 3 to 5 releases, with an interval of 5 to 7 days between each release. At the same time, hang pheromone traps in the orchard at a height of 1.5 to 2 meters from the ground.

[0008] In the agricultural prevention and control, the light transmittance of the litchi tree crown after pruning reaches 30%-40%.

[0009] In the agricultural control, the organic fertilizer includes superphosphate and potassium sulfate. The superphosphate is applied at 0.5-1 kg per plant, and the potassium sulfate is applied at 0.3-0.5 kg per plant.

[0010] In the chemical control, the preparation method of 2000 times diluted 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate is as follows: take 1 part of 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, add 150 ml of clean water, and stir evenly.

[0011] In the chemical control, the preparation method of 2500 times diluted 10% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate is as follows: take 1 part of 10% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate, add 120 ml of clean water, and stir evenly.

[0012] In the chemical control, the preparation method of 1500 times diluted 5% lufenuron suspension is as follows: take 1 part of 5% lufenuron suspension, add 200 ml of clean water, and stir evenly.

[0013] In the chemical control, the crown spraying is carried out at intervals of 7-10 days, and the spraying is continuous 2-3 times.

[0014] In the biological control, the trichogrammatid is a pine caterpillar trichogrammatid or a corn borer trichogrammatid.

[0015] In the biological control method, the sex pheromone in the sex pheromone trap is a mixture of cis-11-hexadecenal and cis-9-hexadecenal, with a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0016] In the biological control, the number of sex pheromone traps hung per acre in the orchard is 8-12.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention,.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The agricultural control in the present invention reduces the insect source base by improving the microhabitat, creating favorable conditions for chemical control and biological control; chemical control quickly reduces the population size during the pest outbreak period, reducing the pressure of biological control; biological control compensates for the short-term defects of chemical control through long-term pest control. The three form a three-dimensional control system of "prevention-suppression-continuous control".

[0020] 2. The three-dimensional control system formed by agricultural control, chemical control and biological control in the present invention not only significantly improves the control effect of litchi stem borer, but also achieves the unity of economic, ecological and social benefits by reducing the use of pesticides and protecting natural enemy communities, providing key technical support for the green and sustainable development of the litchi industry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "up," "down," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inside," "outside," and the like, indicating positions or relationships, are used solely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used solely for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It can be a direct connection or a connection through an intermediate medium. It can also be a communication between the two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances. The meaning of "plurality" in the present invention is two or more, and unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, they all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Embodiment: The present invention provides a technical solution: a comprehensive control method comprising agricultural control, chemical control and biological control. Agricultural control: After the litchi fruit is harvested, the tree crown is rationally pruned to remove insect-infested branches, overcrowded branches, and overlapping branches. After pruning, the branches in the tree crown are evenly distributed and well ventilated and light-permeable. At the same time, dead branches, fallen leaves and fallen fruits in the orchard are promptly cleaned and destroyed in a centralized manner. During the litchi flower bud differentiation period, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied is controlled, and organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are increased. The organic fertilizer is fully decomposed farmyard manure, and 15-20 kg per plant is applied.

[0025] Chemical control: During the peak period of adult emergence and egg hatching of litchi stem borer, spray the tree crowns with 2000-3000 times diluted 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, 2500-3500 times diluted 10% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate, or 1500-2500 times diluted 5% lufenuron suspension concentrate;

[0026] Biological control: Release trichogrammatids in the litchi orchard during the egg stage of the litchi stem borer. The release quantity is 100,000 to 150,000 per mu, divided into 3 to 5 releases, with an interval of 5 to 7 days between each release. At the same time, hang pheromone traps in the orchard at a height of 1.5 to 2 meters from the ground.

[0027] In the agricultural prevention and control, the light transmittance of the litchi tree crown after pruning reaches 30%-40%.

[0028] In the agricultural control, the organic fertilizer includes superphosphate and potassium sulfate. The superphosphate is applied at 0.5-1 kg per plant, and the potassium sulfate is applied at 0.3-0.5 kg per plant.

[0029] In the chemical control, the preparation method of 2000 times diluted 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate is as follows: take 1 part of 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, add 150 ml of clean water, and stir evenly.

[0030] In the chemical control, the preparation method of 2500 times diluted 10% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate is as follows: take 1 part of 10% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate, add 120 ml of clean water, and stir evenly.

[0031] In the chemical control, the preparation method of 1500 times diluted 5% lufenuron suspension is as follows: take 1 part of 5% lufenuron suspension, add 200 ml of clean water, and stir evenly.

[0032] In the chemical control, the crown spraying is carried out at intervals of 7-10 days, and the spraying is continuous 2-3 times.

[0033] In the biological control, the trichogrammatid is a pine caterpillar trichogrammatid or a corn borer trichogrammatid.

[0034] In the biological control method, the sex pheromone in the sex pheromone trap is a mixture of cis-11-hexadecenal and cis-9-hexadecenal, with a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0035] In the biological control, the number of sex pheromone traps hung per acre in the orchard is 8-12.

[0036] Working steps:

[0037] 1. Agricultural prevention and control work steps:

[0038] 1) Use sharp pruning shears and saws. Disinfect with 75% alcohol or 1% potassium permanganate solution before pruning to avoid cross-infection. Focus on removing insect-infested branches (check for insect holes and brown necrotic spots), overcrowded branches (branch spacing <10cm), overlapping branches (cross-shading of upper and lower branches), and diseased and weak branches. After pruning, ensure that branches are evenly distributed in the crown. Use a illuminometer to check the canopy's light transmittance to ensure it reaches 30%-40% (i.e., the area of the light spot under the canopy at noon accounts for 30%-40%).

[0039] 2) Collect pruned branches, dead branches, fallen leaves, and fallen fruits in the orchard using plastic baskets or woven bags.

[0040] Choose an open space far away from the orchard for burning (must comply with local environmental protection requirements), or dig a pit more than 50cm deep to bury it, cover it with soil ≥20cm thick and compact it;

[0041] 3) Stop applying nitrogen fertilizers like urea and instead use fully decomposed farmyard manure (e.g., chicken manure, pig manure; maturity criteria: odorless, brown, loose). Apply 15-20kg per plant in a circular trench (30-40cm deep, 50cm from the trunk). Apply 0.5-1kg of superphosphate per plant mixed with the farmyard manure to supplement phosphorus. Apply 0.3-0.5kg of potassium sulfate per plant in a shallow trench along the drip line of the canopy. Cover with soil and water to promote potassium absorption.

[0042] 4). Dig a 30cm deep and 20cm wide circular trench along the periphery of the tree crown projection to avoid damaging roots with a diameter greater than 1cm. First spread farmyard manure, then evenly spread superphosphate and potassium sulfate, gently turn over the surface soil to mix the fertilizer, backfill the trench with original soil, tamp and level it to prevent fertilizer loss.

[0043] 2. Chemical control steps:

[0044] Hang yellow sticky traps (10-15 per mu, 1.5-2m high) in the orchard and record the number of adult insects caught daily. If there is a sudden increase in the number of adults for three consecutive days (more than 50% increase compared to the previous week's average), it is considered the peak of adult emergence.

[0045] 2) Randomly select 5-10 litchi trees and take 5 new leaves from each tree in the east, south, west, north, and center directions. Use a magnifying glass to observe the eggs on the back of the leaves (litchi stem borer eggs are oval, milky white when first laid, and turn orange-red before hatching).

[0046] 3). Selection and preparation of pesticides (taking 300kg of water consumption per mu of orchard as an example)

[0047] 2.5% highly effective chlorfenapyr emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times diluted, 300kg of water requires the agent = 300kg ÷ 2000 = 0.15kg (i.e. 150ml), first take 150ml of emulsifiable concentrate and pour it into a 5L bucket, add a small amount of clean water and stir evenly, then pour it into the sprayer water tank, add clean water to 300kg, and continue stirring for 2 minutes;

[0048] 10% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2500 times liquid, 300kg water required medicine = 300kg ÷ 2500 = 0.12kg (i.e. 120ml), as above, dilute first and then add water to ensure uniform liquid;

[0049] 5% lufenuron suspension concentrate 1500 times diluted, 300kg of water requires the agent = 300kg ÷ 1500 = 0.2kg (i.e. 200ml), shake the suspension concentrate before use, add water in proportion and stir for 3 minutes.

[0050] 4) Use an electric sprayer (pressure 2-3 MPa) or drone (flying at an altitude of 2-3 meters and a speed of 5 km / h), ensuring droplet diameters of 100-300 μm. Spray on both sides of leaves (eggs are primarily found on the undersides of leaves), the base of fruit clusters, trunk crevices, and shaded areas within the crown. Spray 2-3 times every 7-10 days, with the last application ≥ 20 days after fruit harvest (following the pesticide safety interval). Peak egg hatching is determined when the egg hatching rate reaches 10%-15%.

[0051] 3. Biological control work steps:

[0052] 1) Use Trichogramma pine caterpillaris or Trichogramma corn borer (commercial bee cards, each card contains 10,000-15,000 bees, parasitism rate ≥ 85%), 100,000-150,000 bees per acre, and release them in 3-5 batches, each with an interval of 5-7 days;

[0053] Tear the bee card into 5-10 small pieces and fix them to the shady branches in the middle and lower layers of the tree canopy (1.2-1.8m from the ground) with toothpicks or thin wires, with each bee card 5-8m apart. Choose a sunny day before 10 am or after 4 pm to release them, avoiding direct sunlight and rainy days.

[0054] 2). The bait core contains cis-11-hexadecenal and cis-9-hexadecenal (mass ratio 3:2). Each core is effective for 4-6 weeks. Use a boat-shaped or basin-shaped trap with a built-in sticky insect board or water basin (add a small amount of laundry detergent).

[0055] Hang 8-12 traps per acre 1.5-2m above the ground (consistent with the activity height of adult lychee stem borers), evenly distribute them in the orchard (deeply increase the spacing in the edge area, ≤15m), check the traps every 2 weeks, replace them in time when the sticky boards are full of adults or the medicine solution in the basin is turbid, and replace the lure core once a month.

[0056] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations that come within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be embraced therein.

Claims

1. A litchi stem borer control technology and application, comprising an integrated control method combining agricultural control, chemical control, and biological control, characterized in that: Agricultural control: After picking litchi fruits, prune the tree crowns properly to remove insect-infested branches, overcrowded branches, and overlapping branches. After pruning, the branches in the crowns are evenly distributed and well-ventilated and light-permeable. At the same time, promptly clean up dead branches, fallen leaves, and fallen fruits in the orchard and destroy them in a centralized manner. During the litchi flower bud differentiation period, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied and increase the application of organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Use fully decomposed farmyard manure for organic fertilizers, applying 15-20kg per plant. Chemical control: During the peak period of adult emergence and egg hatching of litchi stem borer, spray the tree crowns with 2000-3000 times diluted 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, 2500-3500 times diluted 10% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate, or 1500-2500 times diluted 5% lufenuron suspension concentrate; Biological control: Release trichogrammatids in the litchi orchard during the egg stage of the litchi stem borer. The release quantity is 100,000 to 150,000 per mu, divided into 3 to 5 releases, with an interval of 5 to 7 days between each release. At the same time, hang pheromone traps in the orchard at a height of 1.5 to 2 meters from the ground.

2. The litchi stem borer control technology and application according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the agricultural prevention and control, the light transmittance of the pruned litchi tree crown reaches 30%-40%.

3. The litchi stem borer control technology and application according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the agricultural control, the organic fertilizer includes superphosphate and potassium sulfate. The superphosphate is applied at 0.5-1 kg per plant, and the potassium sulfate is applied at 0.3-0.5 kg per plant.

4. The litchi stem borer control technology and application according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the chemical control, the preparation method of 2000 times diluted 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate is as follows: take 1 part of 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, add 150 ml of clean water, and stir evenly.

5. The litchi stem borer control technology and application according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the chemical control, the preparation method of 2500 times diluted 10% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate is as follows: take 1 part of 10% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate, add 120 ml of clean water, and stir evenly.

6. The litchi stem borer control technology and application according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the chemical control, the preparation method of 1500 times diluted 5% lufenuron suspension is as follows: take 1 part of 5% lufenuron suspension, add 200 ml of clean water, and stir evenly.

7. The litchi stem borer control technology and application according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the chemical control, the crown spraying is carried out at intervals of 7-10 days, and the spraying is continuous 2-3 times.

8. The litchi stem borer control technology and application according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the biological control, the trichogrammatid is a pine caterpillar trichogrammatid or a corn borer trichogrammatid.

9. The litchi stem borer control technology and application according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the biological control method, the sex pheromone in the sex pheromone trap is a mixture of cis-11-hexadecenal and cis-9-hexadecenal, with a mass ratio of 3:

2.

10. The litchi stem borer control technology and application according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the biological control, the number of sex pheromone traps hung per acre in the orchard is 8-12.