An explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and specifically to an explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell, comprising a battery box and a battery body arranged therein, wherein an air passage is formed between the outer side of a battery stack of the battery body and the inner wall of the battery box; an external air inlet and an internal air inlet are provided at the bottom of the battery box, and an air outlet is provided at the top; the fuel cell further comprises: a fan, a sealing component, a nitrogen tank, and a hydrogen concentration sensor. By arranging the fan, the sealing component, the inert gas tank, and the hydrogen concentration sensor in the battery box, when a trace amount of hydrogen leaks from the battery body, the fan actively forces ventilation to quickly dilute and discharge the hydrogen to avoid continuous accumulation; and when hydrogen leaks rapidly, the external air inlet is immediately sealed by the sealing component, and the inert gas tank is connected to the internal air inlet to quickly establish an oxygen-free environment, fundamentally eliminating the conditions for deflagration, and solving the problems of a single response mode and insufficient safety redundancy in the explosion-proof design of traditional hydrogen fuel cells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to an explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells, a key development in the new energy sector, face safety challenges that have hindered their large-scale commercial application. Due to the unique physical and chemical properties of hydrogen, leaks can easily form explosive mixtures within confined spaces, posing a significant safety challenge. Existing technologies for protecting against hydrogen leaks suffer from a single response mode and insufficient safety redundancy, making them difficult to adapt to the complex operating conditions of varying leak rates.

[0003] Traditional explosion-proof solutions usually adopt a passive ventilation design, maintaining the hydrogen concentration in the battery compartment within a safe range through continuous airflow exchange. However, this single mode often shows obvious lag when facing sudden rapid leakage, and cannot intervene in time before dangerous concentrations are formed. More importantly, while conventional ventilation systems introduce outside air, they may also bring in potential ignition sources, which increases safety hazards. On the other hand, some high-safety application scenarios use a completely enclosed inert gas protection solution. Although it can effectively suppress the risk of explosion, it brings problems such as system complexity and high operating costs, and affects the normal heat dissipation requirements of the battery stack.

[0004] Current fuel cell explosion protection technology suffers from significant adaptability limitations when dealing with varying leak rates. Slow-moving, trace leaks require cost-effective dilution and elimination mechanisms, while sudden, large leaks require rapid and reliable inerting measures. Existing technologies only utilize low-speed ventilation, failing to address emergencies, or rely excessively on inert gas protection, resulting in a waste of resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the problems existing in the existing technology, an explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell is provided. By arranging a fan, a sealing component, an inert gas tank and a hydrogen concentration sensor in the battery box, when a small amount of hydrogen leaks from the battery body, the ventilation fan actively forces ventilation to quickly dilute and discharge the hydrogen to avoid continuous accumulation; and when hydrogen leaks rapidly, the external air inlet is immediately sealed by the sealing component, and the inert gas tank is connected to the internal air inlet to quickly establish an oxygen-free environment, fundamentally eliminating the conditions for deflagration, and solving the problems of a single response mode and insufficient safety redundancy in the traditional hydrogen fuel cell explosion-proof design.

[0006] To solve the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides an explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell, comprising a battery box and a battery body arranged therein, wherein an air passage is formed between the outer side of the battery stack of the battery body and the inner wall of the battery box; an external air inlet and an internal air inlet are provided at the bottom of the battery box, and an air outlet is provided at the top, forming a through-type air flow path; the fuel cell further comprises: a fan installed at the internal air inlet, for driving an air flow from the external air inlet through the internal air inlet, and then passing through the air passage and the air outlet in sequence; a sealing component arranged between the external air inlet and the internal air inlet, for switching the external air inlet between an open and a closed state; a nitrogen tank arranged on the battery box, a solenoid valve provided at its output port, the solenoid valve being connected to the internal air inlet; a hydrogen concentration sensor arranged in the air passage and connected to the solenoid valve signal; wherein, when the detection value of the hydrogen concentration sensor exceeds a threshold value, the sealing component is triggered to close the external air inlet, and the solenoid valve is opened at the same time, so that the nitrogen tank is connected to the internal air inlet.

[0007] Preferably, a mixing flow structure is provided in the air outlet, and the mixing flow structure includes at least two rows of mixing flow channel groups arranged along the air flow direction, and each row of mixing flow channel groups contains at least two mixing flow channels arranged at intervals along the width direction of the air outlet; the mixing flow channels in adjacent rows are staggered in a plane perpendicular to the air flow direction.

[0008] Preferably, a dustproof net is provided at the external air inlet.

[0009] Preferably, the air outlet extends horizontally toward the outside of the battery box.

[0010] Preferably, the air outlet is a double air outlet structure symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the battery box; the top of the battery box inner cavity forms a V-shaped inclined guide top surface, and the top of the inclined guide top surface extends to connect with the top of the air outlet.

[0011] Preferably, the air outlet and the top of the inclined guide top surface together constitute a movable plate, one end of the movable plate is rotatably connected to the top of the battery box through a hinge shaft, and the other end of the movable plate covers the top of the air outlet to form an openable top surface. When the air pressure in the air passage exceeds a set threshold, the movable plate rotates around the hinge shaft to cause the air outlet to form an expanded exhaust state.

[0012] Preferably, a gas spring is provided between the outer side of the other end of the movable plate and the battery box. The gas spring provides increasing damping force when the movable plate is opened, and drives the movable plate to reset when the air pressure drops below a set threshold.

[0013] Preferably, an installation cavity is provided between the external air inlet and the internal air inlet, and the closing assembly comprises two closing plates which are slidably arranged in the installation cavity, a cavity being provided inside the closing plates, and a nitrogen exhaust port being provided at the top end, and the solenoid valve is connected to the inner cavity of the closing plate through a pipeline; two groups of electromagnets are provided in the installation cavity, and their output shafts are respectively connected to the corresponding closing plates; when the hydrogen concentration exceeds the standard: the electromagnet is powered off, and the two closing plates move toward each other to reach sealing contact, thereby completing the closure of the external air inlet; the solenoid valve is opened, and the inert gas is discharged from the nitrogen exhaust port at the top of the closing plate through the internal channel of the closing plate.

[0014] Preferably, a slidable inner sealing strip is provided in the closing plate, one side of the inner sealing strip passes through the outer side of the closing plate, an inclined surface is provided at the top of the inner cavity of the closing plate, the nitrogen exhaust port is located on the inclined surface, an inclined groove is provided at the top of the inner sealing strip to cooperate with the inclined surface, and a nitrogen inlet connected to the solenoid valve is provided on the battery box. Under normal circumstances, the inner sealing strip blocks the nitrogen inlet; when the two closing plates are in abutment with each other, the inclined groove is separated from the inclined surface to form a nitrogen channel.

[0015] Preferably, a guide rod extending along the sliding direction of the closing plate is provided in the installation cavity, the guide rod passes through the closing plate and the inner sealing strip, an inner spring is sleeved on the guide rod, and the inner spring is located between the inner sealing strip and the inner wall of the closing plate.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0017] This application achieves dynamic monitoring and graded treatment of leaked hydrogen by arranging a fan, a sealing component, a nitrogen tank, and a hydrogen concentration sensor in the battery box. When in normal state or when a trace leak is detected, the forced ventilation mode is automatically activated, and the fan drives the airflow quickly through the air passage outside the battery stack, diluting and discharging the leaked hydrogen in time, effectively preventing its accumulation in the confined space; at the same time, the flowing air can dissipate heat from the battery stack, effectively reducing the operating temperature of the battery body, so that the battery body can maintain a stable temperature distribution under various operating conditions, effectively extending the service life of the battery stack; when the hydrogen concentration sensor detects a sudden increase in hydrogen concentration, it immediately triggers the emergency mechanism, the sealing component quickly cuts off the external air inlet, and the nitrogen tank is connected to the internal air inlet through a solenoid valve, forming an inert gas protective layer around the battery stack, completely eliminating the combustion-supporting conditions of the three elements of deflagration through physical isolation. Not only does it solve the limitation of traditional solutions that cannot distinguish the degree of leakage and adopt a single protection mode, but it also significantly improves the safety and reliability of the system through the organic coordination of multiple protection mechanisms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional diagram of an explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention at a first viewing angle.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a stereoscopic diagram of an explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention under a second viewing angle.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of an explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of an explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention when the outer air inlet and the inner air inlet are connected.

[0022] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of point A.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention when the external air inlet is closed.

[0024] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional exploded view of an explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a fan at an inner air inlet in an explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10 It is a three-dimensional exploded view of a sealing component in an explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention.

[0028] The numbers in the figure are: 1. Battery box; 11. External air inlet; 111. Dustproof net; 12. Internal air inlet; 13. Air outlet; 131. Mixed flow channel group; 14. Inclined guide top surface; 15. Movable plate; 16. Gas spring; 17. Nitrogen inlet; 2. Battery body; 3. Air passage; 4. Fan; 5. Closing assembly; 51. Closing plate; 511. Nitrogen exhaust port; 512. Long strip; 513. Long groove; 52. Electromagnet; 53. Internal sealing strip; 54. Guide rod; 55. Inner spring; 56. External spring; 6. Nitrogen tank; 7. Solenoid valve; 8. Hydrogen concentration sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to further understand the features, technical means, specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, an explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell comprises a battery box 1 and a battery body 2 arranged therein, wherein an air passage 3 is formed between the outer side of the battery stack of the battery body 2 and the inner wall of the battery box 1; the battery box 1 is provided with an external air inlet 11 and an internal air inlet 12 at the bottom, and an air outlet 13 at the top, forming a through-type air flow path; further comprising: a fan 4 installed at the internal air inlet 12, for driving air flow from the external air inlet 11 through the internal air inlet 12, and sequentially passing through the air passage 3 and the air outlet 13; a sealing component 5 , arranged between the external air inlet 11 and the internal air inlet 12, for switching the open and closed states of the external air inlet 11; a nitrogen tank 6, arranged on the battery box 1, and having an output port provided with a solenoid valve 7, the solenoid valve 7 being connected to the internal air inlet 12; a hydrogen concentration sensor 8, arranged in the gas passage 3, and connected to the signal of the solenoid valve 7; wherein, when the detection value of the hydrogen concentration sensor 8 exceeds the threshold value, the closing component 5 is triggered to close the external air inlet 11, and at the same time the solenoid valve 7 is opened, so that the nitrogen tank 6 is connected to the internal air inlet 12.

[0031] The battery body 2 is arranged in the battery box 1, and an air passage 3 is formed between the outside of the battery stack and the box, providing a necessary path for gas flow. The through-type airflow design introduces gas from the external air inlet 11 and the internal air inlet 12 at the bottom of the box, passes through the air passage 3 and is finally discharged from the top air outlet 13, so that the battery has a good ventilation foundation. The addition of the fan 4 transforms this ventilation from passive flow to active drive, realizing dynamic regulation of the internal air environment. Once the fan 4 is turned on, the gas will form a directional flow along the designed path, ensuring that the gas inside the cabin is constantly updated and reducing the possibility of hydrogen accumulation.

[0032] Hydrogen concentration sensor 8, deployed in gas passage 3, provides real-time, continuous monitoring of leaking hydrogen. Once the detected value exceeds a set threshold, the system triggers a coordinated response: First, sealing assembly 5 actuates rapidly, sealing external air inlet 11 to prevent further entry of external air (containing oxygen). Then, solenoid valve 7 automatically opens, connecting nitrogen tank 6 to internal air inlet 12. This allows nitrogen and other inert gases to rapidly flow into the battery box 1, diluting the oxygen concentration and creating a hypoxic, or even near-anaerobic, environment, thereby suppressing the flammability of hydrogen.

[0033] Combining active ventilation dilution and oxygen-free deflagration suppression, the system proactively mitigates low-intensity leaks by enhancing ventilation through fan 4. In the face of high-concentration, rapid leaks, a combined containment and inert gas injection strategy is immediately activated to mitigate the situation. These two modes are dynamically switched based on hydrogen concentration sensor 8, demonstrating a high degree of automation and responsiveness.

[0034] like Figure 7 、 Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, a mixing flow structure is provided in the air outlet 13, and the mixing flow structure includes at least two rows of mixing flow channel groups 131 arranged along the air flow direction, and each row of mixing flow channel groups 131 includes at least two mixing flow channels spaced apart along the width direction of the air outlet 13; the mixing flow channels in adjacent rows are staggered in a plane perpendicular to the air flow direction.

[0035] The interior of the gas outlet 13 is designed with multiple rows of parallel mixing channels 131. Each row contains multiple mixing channels evenly spaced across the width. The mixing channels in different rows are staggered, creating cross-mixing flows in a plane perpendicular to the airflow direction. This arrangement ensures that the airflow is fully disturbed and mixed before it is discharged, thereby accelerating the diffusion and dilution of hydrogen with air or inert gas.

[0036] Active ventilation dilution and the subsequent propulsion of hydrogen toward outlet 13 effectively prevent the "straight-through" emission of locally high-concentration hydrogen. Instead, multipath perturbations and diversions are achieved within the mixed-flow structure, increasing the complexity and contact surface of the gas path. This allows for more complete mixing with the surrounding gas, further reducing its concentration. The mixed-flow structure acts as a secondary buffer and dilution barrier, enhancing the reliability of risk control.

[0037] like Figure 5 As shown, a dustproof net 111 is provided at the external air inlet 11 .

[0038] The dust screen 111 is primarily used to block particulate matter, dust, and impurities that flow in with the air, preventing these tiny pollutants from entering the battery compartment 1 and accumulating on the surfaces of key components such as the battery stack, fan 4, or sensors, potentially degrading performance or interfering with normal function. Especially when fan 4 is actively ventilating, external air is continuously drawn in. Without an effective filtering device, this can lead to increased contamination within the system over time, potentially causing localized overheating, reduced heat dissipation efficiency, and electrical short circuits.

[0039] In addition, the dustproof net 111 can also block the entry of insects, small particles of debris or liquid splashes to a certain extent, thereby improving the operating stability of the system in outdoor or complex environments.

[0040] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the air outlet 13 extends horizontally toward the outside of the battery box 1 .

[0041] The horizontally extending air outlet 13 can utilize the principle of natural airflow guidance in its spatial layout. Once the hydrogen flows to the air outlet 13 in the box through the fan 4 or passive ventilation, the horizontal airflow path helps to discharge the hydrogen evenly. Although the vertical exhaust port can achieve hydrogen discharge, it is often more susceptible to external wind force and airflow direction, resulting in poor exhaust. The horizontal exhaust port can reduce the impact of these external interference factors and ensure smooth discharge of hydrogen.

[0042] The horizontal design helps increase the gas discharge velocity by increasing the cross-section of the gas outlet. Compared to a vertical design, the horizontal outlet 13 effectively disperses hydrogen accumulation points, reducing single-point excessive hydrogen concentration and enhancing gas dilution. Especially at high hydrogen concentrations, rapid discharge can effectively reduce the risk of fire or explosion.

[0043] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the air outlet 13 is a double air outlet 13 structure symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the battery box 1; the top of the inner cavity of the battery box 1 forms a V-shaped inclined guide top surface 14, and the top of the inclined guide top surface 14 extends to connect with the top of the air outlet 13.

[0044] When hydrogen leakage occurs, the dual gas outlets 13 can simultaneously assume the exhaust function, dispersing the gas pressure to the two outlets, greatly shortening the residence time of the gas in the cavity.

[0045] Two-way exhaust can alleviate the problem of local high flow rate that may occur in a single exhaust port, making the gas discharge more uniform and stable in the entire top area.

[0046] Since hydrogen has a low density and is easy to float, the V-shaped structure can guide the rising hydrogen to slide along the slope and concentrate at the top of both sides, where the gas outlet 13 is located, thereby realizing "automatic collection" of the gas at the top of the cavity.

[0047] In extreme cases such as the absence of fan 4 or failure of fan 4, the V-shaped inclination can rely on the buoyancy of the gas itself to guide and discharge.

[0048] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the air outlet 13 and the top of the inclined guide top surface 14 together constitute a movable plate 15. One end of the movable plate 15 is rotatably connected to the top of the battery box 1 through a hinge shaft, and the other end of the movable plate 15 covers the top of the air outlet 13 to form an openable top surface. When the air pressure in the air passage 3 exceeds the set threshold, the movable plate 15 rotates around the hinge shaft to cause the air outlet 13 to form an expanded exhaust state.

[0049] The movable plate 15 is formed by the top of the gas outlet 13 and the inclined guide surface 14. One end is connected to the top of the battery box 1 via a hinge, enabling it to rotate under pressure. When the pressure inside the battery box 1 rises above a set threshold due to a hydrogen leak or other malfunction, the movable plate 15 rotates about the hinge, driving the top of the gas outlet 13 to open, achieving an expanded exhaust channel.

[0050] When the gas pressure exceeds the set value, the gas itself directly pushes the movable plate 15 open, simplifying the control system and improving system reliability. Secondly, the "expansion exhaust" state after the movable plate 15 is opened can significantly increase the flow area of ​​the exhaust channel, thereby quickly releasing excessive pressure inside the cavity and preventing the risk of explosion caused by hydrogen accumulation.

[0051] In addition, when the movable plate 15 is not opened, the normal exhaust channel structure is still maintained, and conventional gas diversion is completed in coordination with the inclined guide top surface 14 and the double air outlets 13; and once the air pressure increases abnormally, the movable plate 15 deflects upward to increase the opening of the air outlet 13, thereby quickly releasing the pressure in the battery box 1.

[0052] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a gas spring 16 is provided between the outer side of the other end of the movable plate 15 and the battery box 1. The gas spring 16 provides a gradually increasing damping force when the movable plate 15 is opened, and drives the movable plate 15 to reset when the air pressure drops below a set threshold.

[0053] When the air pressure inside the battery box 1 rises and exceeds a set threshold, the gas pushes the movable plate 15 to rotate about the hinge axis, causing the air outlet 13 to expand. At this point, the gas spring 16, located between the outer side of the movable plate 15 and the battery box 1, begins to operate. It does not immediately generate a resisting force, but rather provides a damping force that gradually increases with displacement.

[0054] In the initial stage of exhaust, the resistance provided by the gas spring 16 is relatively small, which helps the movable plate 15 to open quickly.

[0055] As the movable plate 15 continues to rotate, the damping of the gas spring 16 gradually increases, effectively suppressing the movable plate 15 from violently opening or excessive vibration due to gas impact, protecting the stability of the mechanism and extending its service life.

[0056] When the internal air pressure drops below a safe value, the originally compressed gas spring 16 will release energy in the reverse direction, driving the movable plate 15 to return to the initial closed state, so that the air outlet channel returns to the normal exhaust port shape.

[0057] like Figure 5 and Figure 10As shown, an installation cavity is provided between the external air inlet 11 and the internal air inlet 12, and the closing assembly 5 includes two closing plates 51, which are slidably arranged in the installation cavity. A cavity is provided inside the closing plates, and a nitrogen exhaust port 511 is provided at the top. The solenoid valve 7 is connected to the inner cavity of the closing plate 51 through a pipeline; two groups of electromagnets 52 are provided in the installation cavity, and their output shafts are respectively connected to the corresponding closing plates 51; when the hydrogen concentration exceeds the standard: the electromagnet 52 is powered off, and the two closing plates 51 move toward each other to seal and contact, completing the closure of the external air inlet 11; the solenoid valve 7 is opened, and the inert gas is discharged from the nitrogen exhaust port 511 at the top of the closing plate 51 through the internal channel of the closing plate 51.

[0058] A mounting cavity is defined between the outer and inner air inlets 11, 12. The closure assembly 5 comprises two symmetrically arranged closure plates 51, which slide relative to each other within the mounting cavity, providing a dynamic response capability. Each closure plate 51 is hollow, with a nitrogen outlet 511 at its top to facilitate the targeted release of inert gas. The internal cavity of each closure plate 51 is connected to the solenoid valve 7 via a pipeline, enabling connection to a nitrogen source when needed, creating a flow path within the predetermined passageway and completing nitrogen filling and displacement within the gas passage 3.

[0059] Two sets of electromagnets 52 are also installed within the mounting cavity, corresponding to and connected to the output shafts of the two sealing plates 51. Under normal conditions, the electromagnets 52 are energized and continuously output power, maintaining the sealing plates 51 in a separated state. This creates an unobstructed air passage between the external air inlet 11 and the internal air inlet 12, ensuring the fresh air supply required for system operation. The entire structure remains normally open in normal operating conditions, providing excellent adaptability to changes in the external environment.

[0060] When the hydrogen concentration sensor 8 detects that the hydrogen concentration in the gas passage 3 exceeds the set threshold, the two sets of electromagnets 52 are immediately de-energized, and the closing plate 51 slides rapidly without output support, moving toward the middle, and finally achieving mutual sealing, structurally cutting off the gas supply path of the external air inlet 11, preventing more oxygen from entering the system, and further reducing the possibility of the formation of a combustion-supporting environment.

[0061] At the same time, the solenoid valve 7 is opened synchronously to control the nitrogen to enter the hollow cavity of the closing plate 51 along a predetermined path, and then released into the installation cavity through the exhaust port located at the top of the closing plate 51, thereby realizing the effective injection and diffusion of the inert gas.

[0062] During the release process, nitrogen is directed to the top of the gas channel 3, effectively replacing the remaining combustible gas in the cavity, especially the diffused hydrogen component, diluting the gas concentration and enhancing the exhaust efficiency with the help of the "closed volume effect" brought by the seal, ultimately achieving a dual safety goal: blocking the external oxygen supply and actively diluting the combustible material, significantly reducing the risk of explosion or combustion.

[0063] like Figure 5 and Figure 10 As shown, a slidable inner sealing strip 53 is provided in the closing plate 51, one side of the inner sealing strip 53 passes through the outer side of the closing plate 51, an inclined surface is provided at the top of the inner cavity of the closing plate 51, a nitrogen outlet 511 is located on the inclined surface, and an inclined groove is provided at the top of the inner sealing strip 53 to cooperate with the inclined surface. A nitrogen inlet 17 connected to the solenoid valve 7 is provided on the battery box 1. Under normal circumstances, the inner sealing strip 53 blocks the nitrogen inlet 17; when the two closing plates 51 are in contact with each other, the inclined groove is separated from the inclined surface to form a nitrogen channel.

[0064] When the outer air inlet 11 and the inner air inlet 12 are in communication, both ends of the inner sealing strip 53 block the nitrogen inlet 17 .

[0065] Each sealing plate 51 is fitted with a slidable inner sealing strip 53. One end of the inner sealing strip 53 extends through the outer surface of the sealing plate 51, enabling external drive or relative sliding. A sloped surface is located at the top of the inner cavity, with a nitrogen outlet 511 defined thereon for directional release of inert gas. A corresponding chute is designed at the top of the inner sealing strip 53, which fits snugly with the sloped surface, thereby controlling the connectivity of the nitrogen outlet 511.

[0066] The battery box 1 is equipped with a nitrogen inlet 17 connected to the solenoid valve 7. This inlet is located below the sealing plate 51. Under normal conditions (i.e., when the system is operating normally), the internal sealing strip 53 is naturally closed, effectively blocking the nitrogen inlet 17 at both ends. The top bevel groove aligns with the inclined surface, forming a double barrier. At this time, the two sealing plates 51 remain separated, and the electromagnet 52 is continuously energized, maintaining the sealing plates 51 in the normally open position, ensuring unimpeded airflow to the system.

[0067] When the hydrogen sensor detects an excessive concentration, it immediately triggers a response mechanism. The first step is to de-energize the electromagnet 52. Without electrical support, the sealing plates 51 rapidly slide into contact under the action of the elastic component or gravity. This contact not only structurally blocks the external air inlet 11, cutting off the source of the supporting combustion gas, but also, through the abutting and squeezing of the two sealing plates 51, causes the inner sealing strip 53 to slide axially relative to the sealing plates 51. This disengages the previously closed chute from the inclined surface, forming a channel running from the nitrogen inlet 17 to the nitrogen outlet 511.

[0068] When the two inner sealing strips 53 have not yet abutted against each other, the relative movement of the two closing plates 51 will cause the end face of the inner sealing strip 53 to separate from the nitrogen inlet 17, thereby connecting the inner cavity of the closing plate 51 with the nitrogen inlet 17. Once the channel is opened, the nitrogen will be rapidly discharged along the chute-inclined surface path under the action of the pressure difference, and directly enter the gas channel 3 and the installation cavity through the nitrogen outlet 511 at the top of the closing plate 51, effectively replacing the hydrogen therein. This series of actions are all driven by the structure, without relying on complex sensor feedback or control programs, which greatly shortens the system response time. Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, both ends of the closing plate 51 are open, and the ends of the inner sealing strip 53 pass through the openings. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, at this time, the external air inlet 11 and the internal air inlet 12 are in a connected state, and the end of the inner sealing strip 53 blocks the nitrogen inlet 17 on the battery box 1. When the solenoid valve 7 is de-energized, the two closing plates 51 drive the inner sealing strips 53 therein to move synchronously toward each other, while the position of the nitrogen inlet 17 remains unchanged, so that the end of the inner sealing strip 53 moves away from the inner end of the nitrogen inlet 17, thereby connecting the nitrogen inlet 17 with the inner cavity of the closing plate 51. At this time, because the two inner sealing strips 53 abut against each other, the two inner sealing strips 53 move relative to the closing plate 51, so that the inclined surface of the inner sealing strip 53 separates from the inclined surface of the closing plate 51 to form a nitrogen channel, so that the nitrogen enters the inner cavity of the closing plate 51 through the nitrogen inlet 17, and then enters the battery box 1 through the nitrogen outlet 511 through the nitrogen channel, so as to present the following Figure 6 The status shown.

[0069] like Figure 5 and Figure 10 As shown, a guide rod 54 extending along the sliding direction of the closing plate 51 is provided in the installation cavity. The guide rod 54 passes through the closing plate 51 and the inner sealing strip 53. An inner spring 55 is sleeved on the guide rod 54. The inner spring 55 is located between the inner sealing strip 53 and the inner wall of the closing plate 51.

[0070] An outer spring 56 is also sleeved on the guide rod 54 and is located between the closing plate 51 and the inner wall of the installation cavity. When the electromagnet 52 is powered off, the compressed outer spring 56 quickly abuts the two closing plates 51 and quickly closes the outer air inlet 11.

[0071] The opposite ends of the two closing plates 51 are provided with long grooves 513 and long strips 512 extending along the length direction thereof. When the two closing plates 51 abut against each other, the long grooves 513 and the long strips 512 are interlocked with each other to improve the sealing performance.

[0072] Internal spring 55, located between inner sealing strip 53 and the inner wall of closing plate 51, primarily preloads inner sealing strip 53, ensuring it remains sealed when no external force is applied. Internal spring 55 not only maintains the seal between closing plate 51 and inner sealing strip 53, but also provides a rebound force during movement of closing plate 51, ensuring that inner sealing strip 53 automatically returns to its original position upon system recovery, maintaining a sealed state.

[0073] The outer spring 56 is located between the sealing plates 51 and the inner wall of the mounting cavity. Its primary function is to quickly press the two sealing plates 51 together when the electromagnet 52 is de-energized, ensuring that the external air inlet 11 is completely sealed. The design and compression characteristics of the outer spring 56 directly influence the speed and response time of the sealing plates 51. After the electromagnet 52 is de-energized, the outer spring 56 quickly returns to its pre-set shape, pushing the sealing plates 51 into close contact, achieving rapid closure.

[0074] When the electromagnet 52 is energized, the sealing plates 51 maintain a certain distance from each other, and the inner sealing strip 53 is in a closed state. The inner spring 55 pushes the inner sealing strip 53 toward the inner wall of the sealing plate 51 through elastic force, ensuring that the nitrogen inlet 17 is effectively blocked.

[0075] Once the hydrogen concentration exceeds the specified value, electromagnet 52 is de-energized, causing sealing plate 51 to rapidly contact under the action of external spring 56. Guided by guide rod 54, inner sealing strip 53 begins to slide along the guide track, separating from the inclined surface of sealing plate 51 and opening the nitrogen passage. Nitrogen is then rapidly discharged through the passage, rapidly reducing the hydrogen concentration.

[0076] After the emergency release is completed, the electromagnet 52 is powered on again, the closing plate 51 is separated again, and the inner spring 55 provides a return force to ensure that the inner sealing strip 53 returns to the closed state, and the system returns to normal.

[0077] The above embodiments merely represent one or more embodiments of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell, comprising a battery box and a battery body disposed therein, characterized in that: A gas passage is formed between the outer side of the battery stack of the battery body and the inner wall of the battery box; The battery box is provided with an external air inlet and an internal air inlet at the bottom and an air outlet at the top, forming a through-type air flow path; Also includes: a fan, mounted at the inner air inlet, for driving air flow from the outer air inlet into the inner air inlet, and sequentially passing through the air passage and the air outlet; A closing component, provided between the outer air inlet and the inner air inlet, for switching the outer air inlet between an open state and a closed state; A nitrogen tank is mounted on the battery box, and a solenoid valve is provided at its output port, the solenoid valve being connected to the inner air inlet; A hydrogen concentration sensor is provided in the gas passage and is connected to the solenoid valve signal; When the detection value of the hydrogen concentration sensor exceeds the threshold, the sealing component is triggered to close the external air inlet, and the solenoid valve is opened to connect the nitrogen tank with the internal air inlet; A mounting cavity is provided between the outer air inlet and the inner air inlet, and the sealing component comprises: Two closing plates are slidably arranged in the installation cavity, each of which has a cavity inside and a nitrogen outlet at the top. The solenoid valve is connected to the inner cavity of the closing plate through a pipeline. Two sets of electromagnets are arranged in the mounting cavity, and their output shafts are respectively connected to corresponding closing plates; When the hydrogen concentration exceeds the standard: The electromagnet is powered off, and the two closing plates move toward each other until they are in sealing contact, completing the sealing of the outer air inlet; The solenoid valve opens, and the inert gas is discharged from the nitrogen outlet on the top of the sealing plate through the internal channel; A slidable inner sealing strip is provided in the closing plate, one side of the inner sealing strip passes through the outer side of the closing plate, an inclined surface is provided at the top of the inner cavity of the closing plate, the nitrogen exhaust port is located on the inclined surface, an inclined groove is provided at the top of the inner sealing strip that cooperates with the inclined surface, and a nitrogen inlet connected to the solenoid valve is provided on the battery box. Under normal circumstances, the inner sealing strip blocks the nitrogen inlet; when the two closing plates are in contact with each other, the inclined groove is separated from the inclined surface to form a nitrogen channel.

2. The explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mixing flow structure is provided in the air outlet, which includes at least two rows of mixing flow channel groups arranged along the airflow direction, each row of mixing flow channel groups including at least two mixing flow channels spaced apart along the width direction of the air outlet; adjacent rows of mixing flow channels are staggered in a plane perpendicular to the airflow direction.

3. An explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A dustproof net is provided at the external air inlet.

4. An explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The air outlet extends horizontally toward the outside of the battery box.

5. The explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air outlet is a double air outlet structure symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the battery box; the top of the battery box inner cavity forms a V-shaped inclined guide top surface, and the top of the inclined guide top surface extends to connect with the top of the air outlet.

6. The explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The air outlet and the top of the inclined guide top surface together constitute a movable plate, one end of the movable plate is rotatably connected to the top of the battery box through a hinge shaft, and the other end of the movable plate covers the top of the air outlet to form an openable top surface. When the air pressure in the air passage exceeds a set threshold, the movable plate rotates around the hinge shaft to cause the air outlet to form an expanded exhaust state.

7. The explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: A gas spring is provided between the outer side of the other end of the movable plate and the battery box. The gas spring provides increasing damping force when the movable plate is opened, and drives the movable plate to reset when the air pressure drops below a set threshold.

8. The explosion-proof composite hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide rod extending along the sliding direction of the closing plate is provided in the installation cavity. The guide rod passes through the closing plate and the inner sealing strip. An inner spring is sleeved on the guide rod. The inner spring is located between the inner sealing strip and the inner wall of the closing plate.

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