Mycelium carbon and metal nano composite material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a hypha carbon and metal nano composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.The hypha carbon and metal nano composite material is used for a plasmon polariton photothermal effect and comprises the following steps that S1, adsorption is conducted, specifically, cultured filamentous fungi are immersed in metal cation waste water and taken out after adsorption of the filamentous fungi is completed, and the filamentous fungi are obtained; performing freeze drying to obtain a hypha complex; and S2, annealing carbonization, wherein the hypha complex is subjected to high-temperature carbonization in a high-temperature furnace, and the hypha carbon and metal nano composite material is obtained. The adsorption performance of fungal hyphae on metal cations is utilized, cation wastewater can be purified, metal nanoparticles can be synthesized in situ, and high-performance photo-thermal interface evaporation is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of solar thermal conversion, and in particular relates to a mycelium carbon and metal nanocomposite material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Against the backdrop of increasingly scarce global water resources, the development of efficient and environmentally friendly water treatment technologies has become a top priority. While traditional water treatment technologies, such as membrane distillation and condensation, have alleviated water resource issues to some extent, they still suffer from drawbacks such as high energy consumption and high costs. Solar energy, as a clean, green, and sustainable energy source, has become a research hotspot in seawater desalination in recent years. However, due to the low thermal conductivity of water and its poor absorption of sunlight, solar interfacial evaporation has emerged. Solar interfacial evaporation leverages the light-absorbing properties of blackbody materials to achieve excellent photothermal conversion. It also disperses water to the gas / liquid interface through capillary forces within the pores, preventing heat loss in large water clusters. Therefore, solar interfacial evaporation can significantly improve evaporation rate and efficiency, while reducing heat loss. Existing evaporation materials primarily include metals, semiconductors, carbon materials, and high-performance composites. Composite materials formed from metal nanoparticles and carbonaceous substrates can exploit the plasmon effect in solar interfacial evaporation to achieve efficient interfacial evaporation.

[0003] The plasmon photothermal effect, a thermal effect generated by the interaction between free electrons and photons in metal nanostructures, has the ability to efficiently convert light energy into heat. When the frequency of incident light matches the plasmon resonance frequency of metal nanoparticles, it induces a strong localized electromagnetic field enhancement on the metal surface, leading to a significant increase in light absorption and scattering. This effect is particularly attractive in the field of solar thermal utilization because it can effectively improve the thermal conversion efficiency of solar absorbers. In this field, the plasmon photothermal effect is being used to design novel solar absorbers that can capture a wider range of wavelengths, including near-infrared light, which is typically difficult for traditional absorber materials to absorb. Metal nanoparticles, such as gold or silver nanoparticles, are integrated into the surface of the solar absorber. They can absorb more light energy through plasmon resonance and convert it into heat. This enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency not only improves the efficiency of solar thermal energy collection but also reduces the size and cost of solar thermal utilization systems.

[0004] However, the high cost of metal nanoparticles, especially precious metal nanoparticles such as gold and silver, seriously restricts their application in the field of photothermal evaporation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the above technical problems, the present invention provides a mycelium carbon and metal nanocomposite material and its preparation method and application. The present invention utilizes the adsorption performance of fungal mycelium for metal cations, which can not only purify cationic wastewater, but also synthesize metal nanoparticles in situ to achieve high-performance photothermal interface evaporation.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material for plasmon photothermal effect, comprising the following steps: S1: Adsorption: The cultured filamentous fungi are immersed in the metal cation wastewater, and after the filamentous fungi have completed adsorption, they are taken out and freeze-dried to obtain a mycelium complex; S2: Annealing and carbonization: Carbonizing the mycelium complex at high temperature in a high temperature furnace to obtain a mycelium carbon and metal nanocomposite material.

[0007] Preferably, the annealing and carbonization process involves placing the mycelium composite in a high-temperature furnace under an inert atmosphere, heating it to 500-900°C, maintaining the temperature for 2 hours, and then naturally cooling it to obtain a mycelium carbon and metal nanocomposite material. Within this temperature range, the metal can be reduced to metal nanoparticles and the mycelium can be carbonized. The higher the temperature, the better the carbonization, the better the light absorption properties, and the higher the evaporation effect.

[0008] Preferably, the heating rate of the high-temperature furnace in the high-temperature carbonization step is 5°C / min. A heating rate of 5°C / min can prevent cracks caused by uneven thermal field inside the material due to excessive heating.

[0009] Preferably, the filamentous fungus cultivation in step S1 specifically includes: A101: Preparation of filamentous fungal liquid: Commercially available freeze-dried powders of various fungi of the genera Mucor, Aspergillus, and Trichoderma were mixed with purified water to obtain a filamentous fungal liquid with a fungal concentration of 1-1.5 wt%; A102: Preparation and Inoculation of Solid Culture Medium: After sterilizing the required culture medium and various containers at 120°C and 0.15 MPa, mix commercial solid culture medium powder (preferably containing agar) with pure water to produce a solid culture medium with a mass concentration of 3.5 wt%. Then, inoculate the filamentous fungal liquid from step A101 into the solid culture medium. The solid culture medium is then placed in a constant temperature and humidity incubator for 24 hours, and mycelial growth is observed every 8 hours. A103: Preparation, inoculation, and cultivation of liquid culture medium: Mix the commercial liquid culture medium with pure water to obtain a liquid culture medium with a mass concentration of 3.5 wt%. Then transfer the mycelium cultured in step A102 to the liquid culture medium. The liquid culture medium is then placed in a constant temperature shaker for cultivation. After 24 hours of cultivation, the mycelium growth is observed every 8 hours.

[0010] The filamentous fungi cultured in the liquid culture medium are repeatedly washed in pure water, freeze-dried for 24 hours, taken out, and then immersed in metal cation wastewater. After the filamentous fungi are adsorbed, they are taken out and freeze-dried again.

[0011] Preferably, the commercial solid culture medium in step A102 is glucose agar medium and / or potato agar medium, and the constant temperature and humidity culture conditions are a temperature of 23-37° C. and a relative humidity of 80-100%.

[0012] Preferably, the commercial liquid culture medium in step A103 is Sabouraud dextrose broth and / or tryptic soy broth, and the culture conditions of the constant temperature shaker are temperature 23-37° C., relative humidity 80-100%, and rotation speed 20-30 r / min.

[0013] Preferably, the molar concentration of metal cations in the metal cation wastewater in step S1 is 0.01-1M, and the soaking time is 10 min-1 h. Regulating the concentration of metal cations and the soaking time of filamentous fungi in the metal cation wastewater can regulate the plasmon photothermal effect.

[0014] Preferably, the cation type in the metal cation wastewater in step S1 is any one of gold, silver, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel or magnesium ions or any mixture thereof.

[0015] The second aspect of the present invention provides a mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing the mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material.

[0016] A third aspect of the present invention provides an application of a mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material in a plasmon photothermal effect, wherein the mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0017] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects compared with the prior art: This invention utilizes widely available filamentous fungi as the strain, leveraging the unique adsorption properties of mycelium to complex metal cation pollutants in wastewater. This is then annealed at high temperatures to reduce them to metal nanoparticles, forming a mycelium-carbon nanocomposite. This mycelium-carbon nanocomposite achieves wastewater purification performance. Furthermore, the mycelium-carbon nanocomposite offers a simple process for synthesizing metal nanoparticles (particularly precious metal nanoparticles) in a low-cost, pollution-free manner. Furthermore, this mycelium-carbon nanocomposite can achieve a plasmon effect, enhancing photothermal interfacial evaporation performance. Ultimately, its low cost, environmentally friendly, simple process, and superior performance make it suitable for large-scale industrial production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a transmission electron micrograph of the mycelium carbon silver nanoparticle composite material of Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an XRD graph of the mycelium carbon silver nanoparticle composite material of Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the mycelium carbon gold nanoparticle composite material of Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an XRD graph of the mycelium carbon gold nanoparticle composite material of Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a graph showing the light and heat quality-time variation of the mycelium carbon composite material of Examples 1-3 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a graph showing the temperature rise during illumination of the mycelium carbon composite material of Examples 1-3 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a graph showing the light and heat quality-time variation of the mycelium carbon composite material under different irradiation intensities in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a curve diagram of the evaporation efficiency of the mycelium carbon composite material of Example 1 of the present invention under different radiation intensities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Due to the high cost of precious metal nanoparticles such as gold and silver, their application in the field of photothermal evaporation is seriously restricted. Fungal mycelium is rich in amino acids and polysaccharides. In 2021, Huang et al. proposed that due to the unique negative charge of filamentous fungi, they can realize complexation reaction with metal cations; in 2022, Zhang et al. proposed that porous carbon synthesized by mycelium can efficiently adsorb pollutants in water, especially cationic pollutants. Therefore, the present invention utilizes the adsorption properties of fungal mycelium for metal cations to adsorb metal cations in metal cation wastewater, and then high-temperature annealing is performed to synthesize metal nanoparticles in situ, which can produce a plasmon photothermal effect and realize photothermal interface evaporation.

[0020] The following is a detailed description of the mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material, its preparation method, and its application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description.

[0021] Example 1: (1) Preparation of bacterial solution: Commercial freeze-dried powder of Mucor was mixed with pure water to a concentration of 1 wt% of Mucor mass to form a Mucor solution.

[0022] (2) Preparation and inoculation of solid culture medium: Commercial Sabouraud dextrose agar medium powder was mixed with pure water to prepare a Sabouraud dextrose agar medium with a mass concentration of 3.5 wt%. After mixing, the mixture was allowed to stand to form a solid culture medium. The Mucor liquid from step (1) was inoculated into the solid culture medium and cultured in an environment at 28°C and 80% relative humidity. After 24 hours of culture, the mycelial growth was observed every 8 hours.

[0023] (3) Preparation, inoculation, and cultivation of liquid culture medium: Commercial Sabouraud dextrose broth was prepared with ultrapure water to a Sabouraud dextrose broth concentration of 3.5 wt% to form a liquid culture medium. The mycelium cultured in step (2) was then transferred to the liquid culture medium and cultured in a constant temperature shaker at 28°C, 80% relative humidity, and 20 rpm. After 24 hours of culture, the mycelial growth was observed every 8 hours.

[0024] (4) The filamentous fungi cultured in step (3) were repeatedly washed in ultrapure water, freeze-dried for 24 hours, taken out, and then immersed in 0.1 M silver ion wastewater for 1 hour. After the filamentous fungi were adsorbed, they were taken out and freeze-dried again for 24 hours to obtain a mycelium complex.

[0025] (5) The mycelium complex prepared in step (4) was placed in a crucible, and the crucible was placed in a tube furnace. Under argon protection, the crucible was heated to 500°C at a rate of 5°C / min, and then naturally cooled after being kept at this temperature for 2 hours.

[0026] (6) After the temperature drops to 30°C, the mixture is taken out to obtain a mycelium carbon silver nanoparticle composite material.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a transmission electron microscope image of mycelial carbon silver nanoparticles. It can be found that the silver nanoparticles are uniform in size and randomly dispersed in the mycelial carbon. Figure 2 This is the XRD pattern of the mycelium carbon silver nanoparticle composite material. It can be found that silver ions are indeed reduced to elemental silver nanoparticles to form a Mucor mycelium carbon / silver nanoparticle composite material.

[0028] Example 2 (1) Preparation of bacterial solution: Commercial freeze-dried powder of Mucor was mixed with pure water to a concentration of 1 wt% of Mucor mass to form a Mucor solution.

[0029] (2) Preparation and inoculation of solid culture medium: Commercial Sabouraud dextrose agar medium powder was mixed with pure water to prepare a Sabouraud dextrose agar medium with a mass concentration of 3.5 wt%. After mixing, the mixture was allowed to stand to form a solid culture medium. The Mucor liquid from step (1) was inoculated into the solid culture medium and cultured in an environment at 28°C and 80% relative humidity. After 24 hours of culture, the mycelial growth was observed every 8 hours.

[0030] (3) Preparation, inoculation, and cultivation of liquid culture medium: Commercial Sabouraud dextrose broth was prepared with ultrapure water to a Sabouraud dextrose broth concentration of 3.5 wt% to form a liquid culture medium. The mycelium cultured in step (2) was then transferred to the liquid culture medium and cultured in a constant temperature shaker at 28°C, 80% relative humidity, and 20 rpm. After 24 hours of culture, the mycelial growth was observed every 8 hours.

[0031] (4) The filamentous fungi cultured in step (3) were repeatedly washed in ultrapure water, freeze-dried for 24 hours, taken out, and then immersed in 0.1 M gold ion wastewater for 15 minutes. After the filamentous fungi were adsorbed, they were taken out and freeze-dried again for 24 hours to obtain a mycelium complex.

[0032] (5) The mycelium complex prepared in step (4) was placed in a crucible, and the crucible was placed in a tube furnace. Under argon protection, the crucible was heated to 500°C at a rate of 5°C / min, and then naturally cooled after being kept at this temperature for 2 hours.

[0033] (6) After the temperature drops to 30°C, the mixture is taken out to obtain a mycelium carbon gold nanoparticle composite material.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a transmission electron microscope image of the mycelium carbon gold nanoparticle composite material. It can be found that the gold nanoparticles have different properties, including rod-shaped or regular pentagonal structures. Figure 4 This is the XRD pattern of the mycelium carbon gold nanoparticle complex. It can be found that the gold ions are indeed reduced to elemental gold nanoparticles, forming a Mucor mycelium carbon / gold nanoparticle composite material.

[0035] Example 3 (1) Preparation of bacterial solution: Commercial freeze-dried powder of Mucor was mixed with pure water to a concentration of 1 wt% of Mucor mass to form a Mucor solution.

[0036] (2) Preparation and inoculation of solid culture medium: Commercial Sabouraud dextrose agar medium powder was mixed with pure water to prepare a Sabouraud dextrose agar medium with a mass concentration of 3.5 wt%. After mixing, the mixture was allowed to stand to form a solid culture medium. The Mucor liquid from step (1) was inoculated into the solid culture medium and cultured in an environment at 28°C and 80% relative humidity. After 24 hours of culture, the mycelial growth was observed every 8 hours.

[0037] (3) Preparation, inoculation, and cultivation of liquid culture medium: Commercial Sabouraud dextrose broth was prepared with ultrapure water to a Sabouraud dextrose broth concentration of 3.5 wt% to form a liquid culture medium. The mycelium cultured in step (2) was then transferred to the liquid culture medium and cultured in a constant temperature shaker at 28°C, 80% relative humidity, and 20 rpm. After 24 hours of culture, the mycelial growth was observed every 8 hours.

[0038] (4) The filamentous fungi cultured in step (3) were repeatedly washed in ultrapure water, freeze-dried for 24 hours, taken out, and then immersed in 0.1 M copper ion wastewater for 15 minutes. After the filamentous fungi were adsorbed, they were taken out and freeze-dried again for 24 hours to obtain a mycelium complex.

[0039] (5) The mycelium complex prepared in step (4) was placed in a crucible, and the crucible was placed in a tube furnace. Under argon protection, the crucible was heated to 500°C at a rate of 5°C / min, and then naturally cooled after being kept at this temperature for 2 hours.

[0040] (6) After the temperature drops to 30°C, the mixture is taken out to obtain a mycelium carbon copper nanoparticle composite material.

[0041] Copper ions were reduced to elemental copper nanoparticles, forming a Mucor mycelium carbon / copper nanoparticle composite material.

[0042] Example 4 (1) Preparation of bacterial solution: Commercial actinomycete freeze-dried powder was mixed with pure water to a concentration of 1.5 wt% of Mucor mass concentration to form an actinomycete solution.

[0043] (2) Preparation and inoculation of solid culture medium: Commercial potato dextrose agar medium powder was mixed with pure water to prepare a potato dextrose agar medium with a mass concentration of 3.5 wt%. After mixing, the mixture was allowed to stand to form a solid culture medium. The actinomycete solution from step (1) was inoculated into the solid culture medium and cultured in an environment at 28°C and 80% relative humidity. After 24 hours of culture, the mycelial growth was observed every 8 hours.

[0044] (3) Preparation, inoculation, and cultivation of liquid culture medium: Commercial trypsin-soya liquid culture medium was prepared with ultrapure water to a trypsin-soya liquid concentration of 3.5 wt% to form a liquid culture medium. The mycelium cultured in step (2) was then transferred to the liquid culture medium and cultured in a constant temperature shaker at 28°C, 80% relative humidity, and 20 rpm. After 24 hours of culture, the mycelial growth was observed every 8 hours.

[0045] (4) The filamentous fungi cultured in step (3) were repeatedly washed in ultrapure water, freeze-dried for 24 hours, taken out, and then immersed in 0.1 M copper ion wastewater for 15 minutes. After the filamentous fungi were adsorbed, they were taken out and freeze-dried again for 24 hours to obtain a mycelium complex.

[0046] (5) The mycelium complex prepared in step (4) was placed in a crucible, and the crucible was placed in a tube furnace. Under argon protection, the crucible was heated to 900°C at a rate of 5°C / min, and then naturally cooled after being kept at this temperature for 2 hours.

[0047] (6) After the temperature drops to 30°C, the mixture is taken out to obtain a mycelium carbon copper nanoparticle composite material.

[0048] Copper ions were reduced to elemental copper nanoparticles, forming actinomycete carbon / copper nanoparticle composite materials.

[0049] Example 5 (1) Preparation of bacterial solution: Commercial freeze-dried powder of Aspergillus niger was mixed with pure water to a concentration of 1 wt% of Mucor mass to form Aspergillus niger solution.

[0050] (2) Preparation and inoculation of solid culture medium: Commercial Sabouraud dextrose agar medium powder was mixed with pure water to prepare a Sabouraud dextrose agar medium with a mass concentration of 3.5 wt%. After mixing, the mixture was allowed to stand to form a solid culture medium. The Aspergillus niger liquid from step (1) was inoculated into the solid culture medium and cultured in an environment at 28°C and 80% relative humidity. After 24 hours of culture, the mycelial growth was observed every 8 hours.

[0051] (3) Preparation, inoculation, and cultivation of liquid culture medium: Commercial Sabouraud dextrose broth was prepared with ultrapure water to a Sabouraud dextrose broth concentration of 3.5 wt% to form a liquid culture medium. The mycelium cultured in step (2) was then transferred to the liquid culture medium and cultured in a constant temperature shaker at 37°C, 80% relative humidity, and 20 rpm. After 24 hours of culture, the mycelial growth was observed every 8 hours.

[0052] (4) The filamentous fungi cultured in step (3) were repeatedly washed in ultrapure water, freeze-dried for 24 hours, taken out, and then immersed in 0.1 M silver ion wastewater for 1 hour. After the filamentous fungi were adsorbed, they were taken out and freeze-dried again for 24 hours to obtain a mycelium complex.

[0053] (5) The mycelium complex prepared in step (4) was placed in a crucible, and the crucible was placed in a tube furnace. Under argon protection, the crucible was heated to 500°C at a rate of 5°C / min, and then naturally cooled after being kept at this temperature for 2 hours.

[0054] (6) After the temperature drops to 30°C, the mixture is taken out to obtain a mycelium carbon silver nanoparticle composite material.

[0055] Silver ions were reduced to elemental silver nanoparticles, forming Aspergillus niger mycelium carbon / silver nanoparticle composite materials.

[0056] Example 6 (1) Preparation of bacterial solution: Commercial Trichoderma freeze-dried powder was mixed with pure water to a concentration of 1 wt% of Trichoderma to form a Trichoderma solution.

[0057] (2) Preparation and inoculation of solid culture medium: Commercial Sabouraud dextrose agar medium powder was mixed with pure water to prepare a Sabouraud dextrose agar medium with a mass concentration of 3.5 wt%. After mixing, the mixture was allowed to stand to form a solid culture medium. The Trichoderma liquid prepared in step (1) was inoculated into the solid culture medium and cultured in an environment at 28°C and 80% relative humidity. After 24 hours of culture, the mycelial growth was observed every 8 hours.

[0058] (3) Preparation, inoculation, and cultivation of liquid culture medium: Commercial Sabouraud dextrose broth was prepared with ultrapure water to a Sabouraud dextrose broth concentration of 3.5 wt% to form a liquid culture medium. The mycelium cultured in step (2) was then transferred to the liquid culture medium and cultured in a constant temperature shaker at 37°C, 80% relative humidity, and 20 rpm. After 24 hours of culture, the mycelial growth was observed every 8 hours.

[0059] (4) The filamentous fungi cultured in step (3) were repeatedly washed in ultrapure water, freeze-dried for 24 hours, taken out, and then immersed in 0.1 M silver ion wastewater for 1 hour. After the filamentous fungi were adsorbed, they were taken out and freeze-dried again for 24 hours to obtain a mycelium complex.

[0060] (5) The mycelium complex prepared in step (4) was placed in a crucible, and the crucible was placed in a tube furnace. Under argon protection, the crucible was heated to 500°C at a rate of 5°C / min, and then naturally cooled after being kept at this temperature for 2 hours.

[0061] (6) After the temperature drops to 30°C, the mixture is taken out to obtain a mycelium carbon silver nanoparticle composite material.

[0062] Silver ions were reduced to elemental silver nanoparticles, forming a Trichoderma mycelium carbon / silver nanoparticle composite material.

[0063] Application Examples Parallel experiments were conducted on the mycelium carbon metal nanoparticle composite materials of Examples 1-3 respectively: Photothermal experiments were conducted at an ambient temperature of 22°C and a relative humidity of 50%. Each mycelium-carbon-metal nanoparticle composite was filtered through a medium-speed qualitative filter paper with a diameter of 4 cm to form a mycelium-carbon evaporator. This mycelium-carbon evaporator was then placed tightly against a hydrophilic plant fiber cloth. The plant fiber cloth was then wrapped with a piece of polystyrene foam and floated on artificial seawater with a mass concentration of 3.5 wt%. The extended portion of the plant fiber cloth was immersed in the artificial seawater, and capillary force transferred the water to the surface and further into the mycelium-carbon-metal nanoparticle composite. A xenon lamp was used to illuminate the sample to simulate sunlight. The weight loss of the evaporator was recorded using an analytical balance, and the temperature of the different samples was recorded using an infrared camera.

[0064] Figure 5 The photothermal evaporation curves of the mycelium carbon composites of Examples 1, 2 and 3 show that the evaporation rate of the mycelium carbon silver nanoparticle composite material is the highest, reaching 2.5 kg / m under the irradiation of 1 standard sun. 2 h, which proves that this type of mycelium carbon composite material has excellent photothermal evaporation potential. Figure 6 This is a temperature rise curve of the mycelium carbon silver nanoparticle composite material of Example 1. It can be observed that under the irradiation of 1, 3, and 5 standard sunlight, the plasmon effect is continuously enhanced, which greatly increases the temperature of the evaporator, and the maximum temperature can reach 90°C.

[0065] Application Example 2 The Mucor mycelium carbon / silver nanoparticle composite material of Example 1 was used for the experiment: The photothermal experiment was carried out under the conditions of an ambient temperature of 22°C and a relative humidity of 50%. The Mucor mycelium carbon / silver nanoparticle composite material of Example 1 was filtered and filtered separately into a medium-speed qualitative filter paper with a diameter of 4 cm to form a mycelium carbon evaporator. The mycelium carbon evaporator was then tightly attached to a hydrophilic plant fiber cloth. The plant fiber cloth was then wrapped with a piece of polystyrene foam and floated on 3.5wt% artificial seawater. The extended part of the fiber cloth was immersed in the artificial seawater, and the water was transferred to the surface by capillary force and further transferred to the Mucor mycelium carbon / silver nanoparticle composite material. A xenon lamp was used to irradiate the sample to simulate sunlight irradiation, an analytical balance was used to record the weight loss of the evaporator, and an infrared camera was used to record the temperature of different samples.

[0066] Figure 7 The photothermal evaporation curves of the Mucor mycelium carbon / silver nanoparticles complex of Example 1 under different light intensities show that as the solar irradiation intensity increases from 1 to 5 standard solar lights, the photothermal evaporation rate also increases from 2.5 kg / m 2 h increased to 6.01kg / m 2 h, which demonstrates the evaporation potential of the Mucor mycelial carbon / silver nanoparticles composite at higher irradiation. Figure 8 This is the evaporation efficiency curve of the photothermal evaporation of the Mucor mycelium carbon / silver nanoparticle composite material of Example 1. It can be found that with the increase of solar radiation intensity, the evaporation efficiency of the Mucor mycelium carbon / silver nanoparticle composite material does not show a significant decrease, and can still ensure high-efficiency photothermal evaporation of more than 87%.

[0067] Therefore, the above application examples illustrate that the mycelium carbon metal nanoparticle composite material prepared by the present invention can produce a plasmon photothermal effect, achieve efficient interface evaporation, and be applied in the field of solar thermal interface evaporation.

[0068] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Even if various changes are made to the present invention, if these changes fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, they still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material for plasmon photothermal effect, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Adsorption: The cultured filamentous fungi are immersed in the metal cation wastewater, and after the filamentous fungi have completed adsorption, they are taken out and freeze-dried to obtain a mycelium complex; S2: Annealing and carbonization: Carbonizing the mycelium complex at high temperature in a high temperature furnace to obtain a mycelium carbon and metal nanocomposite material.

2. The method for preparing the mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annealing carbonization specifically includes placing the mycelium composite in a high-temperature furnace, heating it to 500-900° C. under the protection of an inert atmosphere, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, and then naturally cooling it to obtain a mycelium carbon and metal nanocomposite material.

3. The method for preparing the mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heating rate of the high temperature furnace in the high temperature carbonization step is 5°C / min.

4. The method for preparing the mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filamentous fungus cultivation in step S1 specifically includes: A101: Preparation of filamentous fungal liquid: Commercially available freeze-dried fungal powder was mixed with purified water to obtain a filamentous fungal liquid with a fungal concentration of 1-1.5 wt%; A102: Preparation and inoculation of solid culture medium: Commercial solid culture medium powder was mixed with pure water to obtain a solid culture medium with a mass concentration of 3.5 wt%. The filamentous fungal culture liquid from step A101 was then inoculated into the solid culture medium. The solid culture medium was then placed in a constant temperature and humidity incubator for culture. A103: Preparation, inoculation and cultivation of liquid culture medium: Mix the commercial liquid culture medium with pure water to obtain a liquid culture medium with a mass concentration of 3.5 wt%, then transfer the mycelium cultured in step A102 into the liquid culture medium, and then place the liquid culture medium in a constant temperature shaker for cultivation.

5. The method for preparing the mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The commercial solid culture medium in step A102 is selected from glucose agar medium and / or potato agar medium, and the constant temperature and humidity culture conditions are a temperature of 23-37° C. and a relative humidity of 80-100%.

6. The method for preparing the mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The commercial liquid culture medium in step A103 is Sabouraud dextrose broth and / or tryptic soy broth. The culture conditions of the constant temperature shaker are a temperature of 23-37° C., a relative humidity of 80-100%, and a rotation speed of 20-30 r / min.

7. The method for preparing the mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal cation wastewater in step S1 has a metal cation molar concentration of 0.01-1 M, and the soaking time is 10 min-1 h.

8. The method for preparing the mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal cation type in the metal cation wastewater in step S1 is any one of gold, silver, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel or magnesium ions or any mixture thereof.

9. A mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material prepared by the method for preparing a mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An application of mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite materials in plasmon photothermal effect, characterized in that: The mycelial carbon and metal nanocomposite material is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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