A geotechnical-biological synergistic energy dissipation system and test method for controlling debris flow from landslide material sources

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of geotechnical-biological collaborative energy dissipation system and test method for landslide material source control type debris flow, step 1: in situ sampling in watershed, determine the maximum particle size, minimum particle size, average particle size in watershed.Step 2: select appropriate filter screen based on particle size distribution.Step 3: collect the size of channel in watershed, design the size of configuration body.Step 4: determine the dominant species in the watershed, and combine the ecological design of configuration body.Step 5: carry out small flume model test, calculate the energy reduction rate of configuration technology and method.The geotechnical-biological collaborative energy dissipation system for landslide material source control type debris flow proposed in the present application makes full use of the solid particles in debris flow to form a natural sand dam, which can dissipate the energy of debris flow, and at the same time, sets up ecological materials and various plants to block, improves the diversity of ecological system in watershed, and achieves comprehensive management of debris flow.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geological disaster reduction technology, specifically relating to a rock-soil-biological synergistic energy dissipation system and experimental method for debris flows controlled by landslide material sources. Background Technology

[0002] Debris flows are typical small watershed activities in mountainous areas, and among the three essential elements of their formation, the source of loose solid material is a crucial factor. Current standards and research classify debris flow basins into three types based on their material sources: transport-controlled (source from sediment replenishment), loose solid material-controlled (source from bedrock weathering), and landslide-source-controlled (source from landslide and collapse deposits). Compared to the former two, landslide-source-controlled basins have higher debris flow content, characterized by sudden onset, multiple occurrences, extreme destructiveness, and chain reactions. This not only leads to more frequent and larger-scale debris flows but also causes them to carry large amounts of landslide material, blocking and elevating river channels to form dams, triggering siltation and flooding disasters. These factors seriously threaten the lives and property of mountain residents, damage national infrastructure and the safe operation of hydropower, and pose a significant challenge to debris flow prevention and control in mountainous areas.

[0003] Currently, debris flow prevention and control measures mainly rely on soil and rock measures, forming a comprehensive disaster management system of "stabilization, interception, drainage, and cessation." This system effectively reduces debris flow flow, weakens energy, intercepts sand and gravel, and diverts soil and water. While soil and rock measures can quickly achieve disaster reduction, they suffer from low durability, high cost, and environmental unfriendliness, failing to consider the impact on the ecological environment of debris flow basins. Regarding biological measures, while plants are resilient and economically viable, their long growth cycle makes it difficult to guarantee the timeliness of disaster reduction. Combining soil and rock measures with biological methods is the trend in debris flow management in mountainous areas, especially for debris flow basins controlled by landslide debris sources. Constructing a soil-rock and rock-biological synergistic energy dissipation configuration technology can not only improve my country's debris flow disaster prevention capabilities but also scientifically support the construction of a safer and more beautiful China. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a soil-rock synergistic energy dissipation system and experimental method for debris flows controlled by landslide material sources. Unstable landslide material within the watershed is used as a raw material resource to construct the main sediment-trapping dam. Simultaneously, a filter screen is used to trap landslide particles, improving the internal efficiency of the sediment-trapping dam and optimizing the energy dissipation effect of traditional sediment-trapping dams. Based on the dimensions of the main sediment-trapping dam, an ecological sediment-trapping dam is installed at its outlet for secondary energy dissipation.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical features, the purpose of this invention is as follows: a soil-rock-biological synergistic energy dissipation system for debris flows controlled by landslide material sources, wherein the energy dissipation system is deployed in the debris flow communication zone of the watershed, and the energy dissipation system is a multi-dimensional protection system composed of a W-type filtration system, a main dam, branch dams and vegetation dams.

[0006] The main dam is arranged inside the upper opening of the W-shaped filtration system, and the sub-dams are set between adjacent main dams.

[0007] The plant dam is installed inside the lower opening of the W-type filtration system;

[0008] The W-type filtration system is equipped with a nozzle device for water collection and a sprinkler irrigation device for irrigation.

[0009] Preferably, the W-type filtration system includes multiple impact columns arranged in a W-shape, with adjacent impact columns on the inner side being fixedly connected by an inner filter screen fence, and adjacent impact columns on the outer side being fixedly connected by an outer filter screen fence.

[0010] Preferably, the main dam is an arc-shaped structure composed of gabion mesh and landslide bodies within the watershed; the root of the main dam is fixedly connected to the impact column, the size of the main dam is half the opening size of the W-type filter system, and the angle formed with it is 45°, and the cross-section is arc-shaped;

[0011] The landslides within the watershed are blocks with a particle size greater than 40 mm.

[0012] Preferably, the size of the sub-dam is half that of the main dam, the angle formed with the W-shaped filtration system is 60°, and the cut surface is a straight edge with a cut angle greater than 60°.

[0013] Preferably, the plant dam is a sand-retaining dam formed by planting shrubs and trees on an ecological substrate;

[0014] The shrubs and trees are arranged in an alternating curve pattern in an arc shape;

[0015] The plant dam consists of two rows of plants arranged in two opposing fan-shaped rings. The width of each ring is the same as the diameter of the impact column. The center of the upper fan-shaped ring is the centroid of the lower fan-shaped ring, and vice versa. The ecological substrate of the entire plant dam base is vegetation concrete.

[0016] Preferably, the nozzle device includes a water collection pipe, which is a water collection network formed by an inner filter screen fence and an outer filter screen fence;

[0017] The water inlet is located on the water collection pipe at the bottom. The water collection pipe is connected to the upper hollow water storage column. The upper hollow water storage column is the upper structure of the impact column. The bottom of the upper hollow water storage column is the lower solid impact column.

[0018] Preferably, the sprinkler irrigation device includes a sprinkler irrigation device body, a sprinkler irrigation device connection port is provided at the bottom of the sprinkler irrigation device body, the sprinkler irrigation device connection port is connected to the upper hollow water storage column, multiple water spray holes are provided on the outside of the sprinkler irrigation device body, and a sprinkler irrigation back pressure pumping device is provided at the top of the sprinkler irrigation device body.

[0019] Another aspect of the present invention provides an experimental method for soil-rock synergistic energy dissipation in debris flows controlled by landslide material sources. The method utilizes the aforementioned soil-rock synergistic energy dissipation system and includes the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: Conduct on-site sampling within the watershed to determine the particle size distribution within the watershed;

[0021] Step 2: Select a suitable filter screen based on particle size distribution;

[0022] Step 3: Collect basic information within the watershed and design the size of the energy dissipation system;

[0023] Step 4: Identify the dominant species in the watershed and conduct ecological design in conjunction with the energy dissipation system;

[0024] Step 5: Conduct a small flume model test to calculate the energy reduction rate of the energy dissipation system for debris flow.

[0025] Preferably, the on-site sampling in step 1 includes soil samples from the upper and lower layers of the source area, flow area, and deposition area within the watershed;

[0026] The source region provides the material conditions for the formation of debris flows;

[0027] The flow zone is used to alter the movement characteristics of debris flows;

[0028] The deposition area is used to provide a place for debris flows to stop and accumulate;

[0029] The particle size distribution includes the maximum particle size, the minimum particle size, and the average particle size.

[0030] In step 2, the filter size P for:

[0031] P =( P max + P min ) / 2;

[0032] In the formula, P max The maximum particle size within the watershed. P min This represents the minimum particle size within the watershed.

[0033] The filter size of the outer filter fence is set as follows: P min ;

[0034] In step 3, the basic information within the watershed includes: hydrological conditions, climate conditions, topography, geological environment, human conditions, and disaster situation;

[0035] The hydrological conditions include river length, river flow direction, tributary morphology, number of tributaries, river network density, river drop, and canyon distribution.

[0036] The topography includes topography type, terrain undulation, terrain slope direction, terrain extremes, and altitude.

[0037] In step 3, during the design of the energy dissipation system dimensions: the opening angle θ of the W-type filter system is related to the peak flow rate of the debris flow with frequency P. Q C The relationship is functional, where Q C Determined by the storm flood flow corresponding to frequency P;

[0038] Peak flow rate of debris flow Q C The calculation formula is:

[0039] ;

[0040] in, The peak flow rate of debris flow is P, expressed in m³ / s. The design flow rate for a rainstorm flood with frequency P is expressed in m³ / s. Here is the debris flow sediment correction factor, where ; This refers to the unit weight of debris flow, expressed in t / m³. This is the specific gravity of clean water, expressed in t / m³, with a value of 1.0. The specific gravity of solid matter in a debris flow is expressed in t / m³. The blockage coefficient of debris flow;

[0041] The impact column adopts a variable cross-section design, wherein the main impact column cross-sectional area A at the axis is... m satisfy:

[0042] ;

[0043] in, This represents the peak value of the debris flow impact load. For a safety margin, a value of 1.5-2.0 is used; To ensure the yield strength of the impact column material, the bending section strength of the main impact column should be 1.2-1.5 times that of the other impact columns, and its embedment depth must meet the overturning stability requirements.

[0044] The height H1 of the lower solid impact column satisfies:

[0045] ;

[0046] Where h max The maximum flow depth of debris flow in the basin; Δh is the safe freeboard, taken as 0.3-0.5m; the height of the upper hollow aquifer. H 2. Determined based on the demand for rainwater retention.

[0047] Preferably, the energy reduction rate of the energy dissipation system for debris flows in step 5 is:

[0048] ;

[0049] in, W The energy reduction rate of debris flows within the basin; C The energy coefficient for debris flow experiments; This represents the volume fraction of solid particles. The average particle size of the solid particles is expressed in meters (m). The unit is the bulk density of solid particles, expressed in kN / m³. The solid particle flow velocity is expressed in m / s. The liquid phase density is expressed in kN / m³. The value represents the liquid flow rate, expressed in m / s. The angle between the flow direction and the flow velocity.

[0050] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0051] This invention provides a soil-rock-ecological synergistic energy dissipation system for debris flows controlled by landslide sources. Based on the hydrological, climatic, topographical, geological, human, and disaster conditions within the watershed, the basic configuration dimensions are determined. Combined with the particle size distribution within the watershed, the internal filter screen is designed to achieve energy dissipation within the main body of the dam. An ecological retaining dam is designed based on the outlet dimensions of the retaining dam to achieve a secondary energy dissipation effect. Compared with previous technologies, this invention, in addition to intercepting solid particles from debris flows, importantly allows for autonomous energy dissipation when the debris flow enters the configuration, significantly improving the disaster reduction effect of the retaining dam on debris flows controlled by landslide sources. Simultaneously, the ecological retaining dam constructed in this invention enhances the ecological stability within the debris flow watershed, achieving comprehensive prevention and control of debris flow disasters. Attached Figure Description

[0052] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for a soil-rock-ecological synergistic energy dissipation system for debris flows controlled by landslide material sources, as implemented in this invention.

[0054] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the system of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 3 This is a top view of the system of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional view of the sprinkler irrigation device of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the test conducted on the small water tank model of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 6 This is a front view of the test conducted on the small water tank model of the present invention.

[0059] In the diagram: 1. Impact column; 2. Outer filter fence; 3. Sub-dam; 4. Main dam; 5. Inner filter fence; 6. Water collection pipe; 7. Sprinkler irrigation device; 8. Lower solid impact column; 9. Upper hollow water storage column; 10. Plant dam; 11. Water inlet; 12. Sprinkler hole; 13. Sprinkler irrigation device connection port; 14. Sprinkler irrigation back pressure pumping device; 15. Sprinkler irrigation device body; 16. Accumulation area; 17. Flow area; 18. Pore water pressure sensor; 19. Impact force sensor; 20. Material source area; 21. Material source one; 22. Material source two; 23. Material source three; 24. Energy dissipation system; 25. W-type filtration system. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0061] Example 1:

[0062] Reference Figure 1-6 A soil-rock synergistic energy dissipation system for debris flows controlled by landslide debris sources is proposed. The energy dissipation system 24 is deployed in the debris flow communication zone of the watershed. The energy dissipation system 24 is a multi-dimensional protection system composed of a W-shaped filtration system 25, a main dam 4, branch dams 3, and a vegetation dam 10. The main dam 4 is located inside the upper opening of the W-shaped filtration system 25, and the branch dams 3 are located between adjacent main dams 4. The vegetation dam 10 is located inside the lower opening of the W-shaped filtration system 25. The W-shaped filtration system 25 is equipped with sprinkler systems for water collection and sprinkler irrigation systems 7. By employing the above-mentioned energy dissipation system, the solid particles in the debris flow are fully utilized to form natural sand-retaining dams, achieving energy dissipation for the debris flow. Simultaneously, the use of ecological materials and various plants for barrier protection improves the biodiversity of the watershed ecosystem, achieving comprehensive management of debris flows.

[0063] Furthermore, the W-shaped filtration system 25 includes multiple impact columns 1 arranged in a W-shape. Adjacent impact columns 1 on the inner side are fixedly connected by an inner filter screen fence 5, and adjacent impact columns 1 on the outer side are fixedly connected by an outer filter screen fence 2. The W-shaped filtration system 25 described above can divert debris flows from the middle after a debris flow occurs, thereby achieving a preliminary diversion and energy dissipation effect.

[0064] Furthermore, the main dam 4 is an arc-shaped structure composed of gabion mesh and landslide debris within the watershed; the base of the main dam 4 is fixedly connected to the impact column 1, the size of the main dam 4 is half the opening size of the W-type filter system 25, and the angle formed with it is 45°, with an arc-shaped cross-section. The main dam 4 described above can be used to block debris flows after diversion, thereby achieving a secondary blocking effect on debris flows.

[0065] Furthermore, the landslide material within the watershed is a block with a particle size greater than 40 mm. This type of landslide material within the watershed better adapts to the environmental requirements of the landslide area, ensuring energy dissipation effectiveness.

[0066] Furthermore, the diversion dam 3 is half the size of the main dam 4, and forms a 60° angle with the W-shaped filtration system 25, with a straight edge and a tangent angle greater than 60°. The diversion dam 3 described above can be used for secondary diversion and energy dissipation of debris flows entering the main dam 4.

[0067] Furthermore, the plant dam 10 is a sand-retaining dam formed by planting shrubs and trees on an ecological substrate; the shrubs and trees are arranged in an alternating curved arc pattern. Through the aforementioned plant dam 10, debris flows passing through the inner filter fence 5 can undergo secondary energy dissipation, while simultaneously achieving a greening effect.

[0068] Furthermore, the plant dam 10 consists of two rows of plants arranged in two opposing fan-shaped rings. The width of each ring is the same as the diameter of the impact column 1. The center of the upper fan-shaped ring is the centroid of the lower fan-shaped ring, and vice versa. The ecological substrate of the entire plant dam 10 base is vegetation concrete. This arc-shaped arrangement effectively disperses the impact force.

[0069] Furthermore, the sprinkler device includes a water collection pipe 6, which is a water collection network formed by an inner filter screen 5 and an outer filter screen 2. An inlet 11 is provided on the bottom of the water collection pipe 6. The water collection pipe 6 is connected to the upper hollow water storage column 9, which is the upper structure of the impact column 1. The bottom of the upper hollow water storage column 9 is the lower solid impact column 8. The sprinkler device described above can be used to collect water and store it in the upper hollow water storage column 9 for subsequent irrigation.

[0070] Furthermore, the sprinkler irrigation device 7 includes a main body 15, with a sprinkler connection port 13 at the bottom of the main body 15, which is connected to the upper hollow water storage column 9. Multiple spray holes 12 are provided on the exterior of the main body 15, and a back-pressure pumping device 14 is provided on the top of the main body 15. The sprinkler irrigation device 7 facilitates the subsequent spraying of water stored inside the upper hollow water storage column 9, thereby achieving the purpose of irrigation.

[0071] Example 2:

[0072] Debris flows controlled by landslide debris carry large amounts of debris, resulting in extremely high destructive power and severe damage. Current mainstream prevention and control measures primarily rely on geotechnical engineering, which, while achieving rapid disaster reduction, also damages the ecological environment and hinders resource utilization. Based on the concept of multi-dimensional collaborative governance, this invention innovatively constructs a geotechnical-ecological collaborative energy dissipation system and experimental method for debris flows controlled by landslide debris, such as... Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart of the rock-soil-ecological synergistic energy dissipation system and method for debris flow controlled by landslide material source according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] An experimental method for soil-rock synergistic energy dissipation in debris flows controlled by landslide sources includes the following steps:

[0074] P101. Conduct on-site sampling within the watershed to determine the particle size distribution within the watershed:

[0075] In this embodiment, the watershed is rationally divided into source area, flow area, and deposition area based on hydrological conditions, climate conditions, topography, geological environment, human conditions, and disaster conditions.

[0076] Field sampling was conducted in three areas of the watershed to determine the maximum, minimum, and average particle size and to confirm the particle size distribution.

[0077] P102. Selecting a suitable filter screen based on particle size distribution:

[0078] In this example, the landslide debris within the watershed consists of blocks with a particle size greater than 40 mm. The inner filter screen size was confirmed based on the particle size distribution obtained from on-site sampling. P for:( P max + P min ) / 2, where P max The maximum particle size within the watershed. P min This represents the minimum particle size within the watershed. The outer filter screen size is set to... P minIts main purpose is to block solid particles and filter slurry, thereby forming a natural barrier dam on the outside of the W-type filtration system 25, and working with the main dam and branch dams to dissipate energy.

[0079] P103. Collect basic information within the watershed and design the main dimensions of the configuration:

[0080] In this embodiment, the following is adopted: Figure 2-4 The energy dissipation system 24 shown is deployed in the debris flow communication zone of the watershed. Its structure includes a multi-dimensional protection system consisting of a W-type filtration system 25, a main dam, branch dams, and vegetation dams.

[0081] In this example, the W-type filtration system 25 employs a cooperative structure of impact columns 1, outer filter screen 2, and inner filter screen 5. Specifically, it includes: impact columns 1 arranged in a W-shape along the debris flow direction, and inner filter screen 5 and outer filter screen 2 located inside the impact columns 1. The expansion angle θ of the W-shaped opening is related to the peak debris flow rate at frequency P. Q C The relationship is functional, where Q C The frequency P corresponds to the flow rate of the rainstorm flood.

[0082] Peak flow rate of debris flow Q C The calculation formula is:

[0083] ;

[0084] in, The peak flow rate of debris flow is P, expressed in m³ / s. The design flow rate for a rainstorm flood with frequency P is expressed in m³ / s. Here is the debris flow sediment correction factor, where ; This refers to the unit weight of debris flow, expressed in t / m³. This is the specific gravity of clean water, expressed in t / m³, with a value of 1.0. The specific gravity of solid matter in a debris flow is expressed in t / m³. The blockage coefficient of debris flow;

[0085] In this example, the impact column 1 adopts a variable cross-section design, wherein the main impact column cross-sectional area A at the axis is... m satisfy:

[0086] ;

[0087] in, This represents the peak value of the debris flow impact load. For a safety margin, a value of 1.5-2.0 is used; To ensure the yield strength of the impact column material, the bending section strength of the main impact column should be 1.2-1.5 times that of the other impact columns, and its embedment depth must meet the overturning stability requirements.

[0088] In this example, the selected impact column 1 also needs to be paired with a sprinkler system 7, therefore a combined structure is adopted, comprising a lower solid impact column 8 and an upper hollow water storage column 9. The height H1 of the lower solid impact column 8 satisfies:

[0089] ;

[0090] Where: h max The maximum flow depth of debris flow in the basin; Δh is the safe freeboard, taken as 0.3-0.5m; the height of the upper hollow impoundment column 9. H 2. Determined based on the demand for rainwater retention.

[0091] In this example, the sprinkler system mainly collects water from the source area and the ditch during rainy or snowy weather through the inlet 11. The water is then collected by the collection pipe 6 and sent to the upper hollow water storage column 9. The water is then sprayed into the ecological barrier dam through the sprinkler system 7 for irrigation.

[0092] The sprinkler irrigation device 7 draws water from the sprinkler irrigation device connection port 13 through the sprinkler irrigation back pressure pumping device 14, and then sprays the water to the ecological barrier dam through the spray nozzles 12. Moreover, the spray direction of the spray nozzles can be adjusted by rotating the sprinkler body 15 to achieve uniform irrigation.

[0093] P104. Identify the dominant species in the watershed and conduct ecological design in conjunction with the main body of the silt-trapping dam:

[0094] In this example, trees and shrubs are selected as the first and second rows of plant dams, arranged in two opposing fan-shaped rings. The length of the ring width is the same as the diameter of the bottom surface of the impact column, and the center of the upper fan-shaped ring is the centroid of the lower fan-shaped ring; the center of the lower fan-shaped ring is the centroid of the upper fan-shaped ring. The entire plant dam 10 has a base of vegetation concrete material, which can play a role in slope stabilization and erosion prevention.

[0095] P105. Conduct small-scale flume model tests and calculate the energy reduction rate of the energy dissipation system and test method for debris flow:

[0096] Among them, the energy reduction rate of the energy dissipation system for debris flow is:

[0097] ;

[0098] in, W The energy reduction rate of debris flows within the basin; C The energy coefficient for debris flow experiments; This represents the volume fraction of solid particles. The average particle size of the solid particles is expressed in meters (m). The unit is the bulk density of solid particles, expressed in kN / m³. The solid particle flow velocity is expressed in m / s. The liquid phase density is expressed in kN / m³. The value represents the liquid flow rate, expressed in m / s. The angle between the flow direction and the flow velocity.

[0099] like Figure 5-6 As shown, the source area 20 of the small flume model test is divided into three parts: source one 21, source two 22, and source three 23. Source one is a landslide source (source from collapsed and landslide deposits); source two is a transport-controlled source (source from sediment replenishment); and source three is a loose solid material controlled source (source from bedrock weathering). These three sources were placed in the source area of ​​the small flume model and subjected to rainfall erosion to form debris flows. Experiments were conducted with different arrangements of the three sources and different control groups for each source. All designs were scaled down proportionally for testing.

[0100] The sediment source area was a 1-meter-long, 1-meter-wide, and 0.8-meter-high acrylic model box with a gate. Sediment samples from 12 debris flow channels along the Minjiang River basin were collected using three different sediment sources. Six different arrangement methods were used, and control experiments were conducted with and without retaining dams, resulting in a total of 144 sets of experiments. Each experiment simulated rainfall of 50 mm per hour above the sediment source area.

[0101] The circulation zone uses a 2-meter-long and 20-centimeter-wide circulation channel, with an angle of 30°. It is connected to the gate of the material source area at the top and the water tank of the accumulation area at the bottom. The configuration of this invention is set at the midpoint of the circulation zone. A pore water pressure sensor 18 and an impact force sensor 19 are set at 20 and 30 centimeters above and below the configuration, respectively.

[0102] The storage area uses a water tank that is 3 meters long and 2 meters wide, and is built at an angle of 5°.

[0103] The results show that the energy dissipation configuration technology and method for debris flow impact force can reduce the energy of debris flow impact force by 46.1%.

Claims

1. A soil-rock synergistic energy dissipation system for debris flows controlled by landslide material sources, characterized in that: The energy dissipation system (24) is deployed in the debris flow connection zone of the watershed. The energy dissipation system (24) is a multi-dimensional protection system composed of a W-type filtration system (25), a main dam (4), a branch dam (3) and a vegetation dam (10). The main dam (4) is arranged inside the upper opening of the W-type filtration system (25), and the sub-dams (3) are arranged between adjacent main dams (4); The plant dam (10) is located inside the lower opening of the W-type filtration system (25); The W-type filtration system (25) is equipped with a nozzle device for water collection and a sprinkler device (7) for irrigation. The W-type filtration system (25) includes multiple impact columns (1) arranged in a W-shape. The adjacent impact columns (1) on the inner side are fixedly connected by an inner filter screen fence (5), and the adjacent impact columns (1) on the outer side are fixedly connected by an outer filter screen fence (2). The main dam (4) is an arc-shaped structure composed of gabion mesh and landslide bodies in the basin; the root of the main dam (4) is fixedly connected to the impact column (1), the size of the main dam (4) is half the opening size of the W-type filter system (25), and the angle formed with it is 45°, and the cross-section is arc-shaped; The landslide bodies within the watershed are blocks with a particle size greater than 40 mm; The size of the sub-dam (3) is half that of the main dam (4), and the angle formed with the W-type filter system (25) is 60°, and the cut surface is a straight edge with a cut angle greater than 60°; The nozzle device includes a water collection pipe (6), which is a water collection network formed by an inner filter screen fence (5) and an outer filter screen fence (2); A water inlet (11) is provided on the water collection pipe (6) at the bottom. The water collection pipe (6) is connected to the upper hollow water storage column (9). The upper hollow water storage column (9) is the upper structure of the impact column (1). The bottom of the upper hollow water storage column (9) is the lower solid impact column (8).

2. The soil-rock synergistic energy dissipation system for debris flows controlled by landslide material sources according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant dam (10) is a sand-retaining dam formed by planting shrubs and trees on an ecological substrate; The shrubs and trees are arranged in an alternating curve pattern in an arc shape; The plant dam (10) has two rows and is planted in two opposing fan rings. The width of the ring is the same as the diameter of the impact column (1). The center of the upper fan ring is the centroid of the lower fan ring; the center of the lower fan ring is the centroid of the upper fan ring. The ecological substrate of the entire plant dam (10) base is vegetation concrete material.

3. The soil-rock synergistic energy dissipation system for debris flows controlled by landslide material sources according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sprinkler irrigation device (7) includes a sprinkler irrigation device body (15), a sprinkler irrigation device connection port (13) is provided at the bottom of the sprinkler irrigation device body (15), the sprinkler irrigation device connection port (13) is connected to the upper hollow water storage column (9), a plurality of water spray holes (12) are provided on the outside of the sprinkler irrigation device body (15), and a sprinkler irrigation back pressure pumping device (14) is provided on the top of the sprinkler irrigation device body (15).

4. An experimental method for soil-rock synergistic energy dissipation in debris flows controlled by landslide material sources, characterized in that, The method is implemented using the soil-rock-biological synergistic energy dissipation system described in any one of claims 1-3, and includes the following steps: Step 1: Conduct on-site sampling within the watershed to determine the particle size distribution within the watershed; Step 2: Select a suitable filter screen based on particle size distribution; Step 3: Collect basic information within the watershed and design the size of the energy dissipation system; Step 4: Identify the dominant species in the watershed and conduct ecological design in conjunction with the energy dissipation system; Step 5: Conduct a small flume model test to calculate the energy reduction rate of the energy dissipation system for debris flow.

5. The experimental method for soil-rock synergistic energy dissipation in debris flows controlled by landslide material sources, as described in claim 4, is characterized in that... The on-site sampling in step 1 includes soil samples from the upper and lower layers of the source area (20), flow area (17), and accumulation area (16) within the watershed; The source region provides the material conditions for the formation of debris flows; The flow zone is used to alter the movement characteristics of debris flows; The deposition area is used to provide a place for debris flows to stop and accumulate; The particle size distribution includes the maximum particle size, the minimum particle size, and the average particle size. In step 2, the filter size P for: P =（ P max + P min ） / 2； In the formula, P max The maximum particle size within the watershed. P min This represents the minimum particle size within the watershed. Among them, the filter size of the outer filter fence (2) is set to P min ; In step 3, the basic information within the watershed includes: hydrological conditions, climate conditions, topography, geological environment, human conditions, and disaster situation; The hydrological conditions include river length, river flow direction, tributary morphology, number of tributaries, river network density, river drop, and canyon distribution. The topography includes topography type, terrain undulation, terrain slope direction, terrain extremes, and altitude. In step 3, during the design of the energy dissipation system dimensions: the opening angle θ of the W-type filtration system (25) is related to the peak flow rate of the debris flow with frequency P. Q C The relationship is functional, where Q C Determined by the storm flood flow corresponding to frequency P; Peak flow rate of debris flow Q C The calculation formula is: ； in, P represents the peak flow rate of debris flow, expressed in m³ / s. The design flow rate for a rainstorm flood with frequency P is expressed in m³ / s. Here is the debris flow sediment correction factor, where ; This refers to the unit weight of debris flow, expressed in t / m³. This is the specific gravity of clean water, expressed in t / m³, with a value of 1.

0. The specific gravity of solid matter in debris flow, expressed in t / m³. The blockage coefficient of debris flow; The impact column (1) adopts a variable cross-section design, wherein the cross-sectional area A of the main impact column at the axis is... m satisfy: ； in, This represents the peak value of the debris flow impact load. For a safety margin, a value of 1.5-2.0 is used; To ensure the yield strength of the impact column material, the bending section strength of the main impact column should be 1.2-1.5 times that of the other impact columns, and its embedment depth must meet the overturning stability requirements. The height H1 of the lower solid impact column (8) satisfies: ； Where h max The maximum flow depth of debris flow in the basin; Δh is the safety freeboard, taken as 0.3-0.5m; the height of the upper hollow water column (9) H 2. Determined based on the demand for rainwater retention.

6. The experimental method for soil-rock synergistic energy dissipation in debris flows controlled by landslide material sources, as described in claim 5, is characterized in that... The energy reduction rate of the debris flow by the energy dissipation system in step 5 is: ； in, W The energy reduction rate of debris flows within the basin; C The energy coefficient for debris flow experiments; This represents the volume fraction of solid particles. The average particle size of the solid particles is expressed in meters (m). The unit is the bulk density of solid particles, expressed in kN / m³. The solid particle flow velocity is expressed in m / s. The liquid phase density is expressed in kN / m³. The value represents the liquid flow rate, expressed in m / s. The angle between the flow direction and the flow velocity.

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