Hydrogen energy train straddle train hydrogen storage system and hydrogenation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydrogen energy train straddle train hydrogen storage system and a hydrogenation method thereof. The hydrogen storage system is composed of a plurality of hydrogen storage units, each hydrogen storage unit comprises a hydrogen injection opening and a bottle set assembly, and each carriage of the hydrogen energy train is provided with one hydrogen storage unit; the hydrogen storage units of the adjacent carriages are connected through the hydrogen storage hose to form a through hydrogen circulation channel; the bottle group assembly comprises a plurality of hydrogen storage bottles, a hydrogen sensor, an electromagnetic valve and a controller, and the bottle group assembly is combined with the hydrogen storage hose to work, so that synchronous hydrogen injection among multiple carriages is completed. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the overall hydrogenation efficiency of the multi-marshalling train is improved, and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage for hydrogen trains, and in particular to a hydrogen storage system for hydrogen trains across trains and a hydrogen refueling method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy, with its zero-carbon emissions, high energy density, and diverse sources, is considered a key driver of the global energy transition. In rail transit, hydrogen trains, powered by fuel cell technology, achieve "zero-carbon" operation. This effectively avoids electric locomotives' reliance on thermal power generation and electromagnetic pollution from overhead contact lines, making them a key solution for the decarbonization of trunk rail and intercity transportation.

[0003] Cross-carriage hydrogen storage technology is one of the core paths to achieving efficient energy supply for hydrogen trains. Existing hydrogen trains mostly use a single-carriage independent hydrogen storage mode, which requires switching pipeline connections section by section during refueling, resulting in low efficiency. Most hydrogen trains use a single-carriage independent hydrogen storage mode, and their safety measures rely on single-module pressure relief valves and manual inspections, which pose a risk of response lag and leakage.

[0004] In the field of hydrogen injection and storage, existing cross-train hydrogen storage systems enable shared hydrogen supply from fuel cells, but they cannot address the efficiency issues associated with refueling multi-unit trains with large hydrogen storage capacities. Domestic hydrogen trains generally use a section-by-section refueling model, with no cross-train hydrogen storage designs currently available. High-speed trains make multiple round trips daily, and prolonged refueling can lead to a direct loss of transport capacity.

[0005] In summary, the current hydrogen storage system cannot achieve an effective synchronous hydrogen injection solution between multiple carriages, resulting in inefficient hydrogen injection process for multi-carriage, large hydrogen storage capacity trains; therefore, a cross-car solution for hydrogen storage and refueling scenarios for hydrogen-powered high-speed trains is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a hydrogen train cross-vehicle hydrogen storage system and a hydrogen refueling method thereof.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, a cross-car hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen train is provided, which is composed of multiple hydrogen storage units. The hydrogen storage units include a hydrogen injection port 1 and a bottle assembly. Each carriage of the hydrogen train is equipped with one hydrogen storage unit. The hydrogen storage units of adjacent carriages are connected by a hydrogen storage hose 3 to form a through hydrogen flow channel. The bottle assembly includes multiple hydrogen storage bottles 2, a hydrogen sensor 5, an electromagnetic valve 6 and a controller 4. The bottle assembly works in conjunction with the hydrogen storage hose 3 to complete synchronous hydrogen injection between multiple carriages.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, in the bottle group assembly, the hydrogen storage bottles 2 are arranged in parallel; the hydrogen sensors 5 are arranged in a distributed manner to collect the pressure and temperature data of the corresponding hydrogen storage bottles 2 in real time; the solenoid valves 6 are used to control the hydrogen flow path; the controller 4 integrates an SOC algorithm module, calculates the remaining capacity of each hydrogen storage bottle 2 based on the SOC algorithm, generates a hydrogen injection sequence according to the principle of prioritizing low-capacity hydrogen injection, and dynamically adjusts the opening of each solenoid valve 6 in real time.

[0010] As an optimal technical solution, the hydrogen injection port 1 is set on the side of the train. When filling hydrogen, any hydrogen injection port 1 is selected as the filling port to realize multi-path hydrogen injection. During hydrogen injection, hydrogen is injected from any hydrogen injection port 1 and then diverted to each carriage through the flexible pipe system. During the hydrogen injection process, the hydrogen injection path and sequence are dynamically determined by the bottle assembly to realize cross-train hydrogen injection.

[0011] As an optimal technical solution, the hydrogen storage hose 3 includes a hydrogen storage hose support structure 31, a hydrogen storage hose outer layer 32 and a hydrogen storage hose inner layer 33; the hydrogen storage hose support structure 31 is a multi-layer steel wire structure, which is arranged between the hydrogen storage hose outer layer 32 and the hydrogen storage hose inner layer 33, and the hydrogen storage hose outer layer 32 is made of polyamide material; the hydrogen storage hose inner layer 33 is made of low-permeability polyformaldehyde material.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, multiple nodes are preset on the hydrogen storage hose 3, and infrared temperature monitoring units are arranged at the nodes to monitor in real time whether there are any abnormal conditions in the hydrogen storage hose 3. If the infrared temperature monitoring unit detects an abnormal condition, it will be fed back to the controller 4 and control the cessation of hydrogen injection; the abnormal conditions include abnormal temperature rise, local overheating and leakage risks.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the hydrogen storage hose 3 has a pressure resistance level of 60 MPa, a minimum bending radius of 700 mm, and a temperature resistance of -40°C to 65°C, and a pipe diameter of 25 mm.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for hydrogenating a hydrogen train across multiple vehicles is provided, the method comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1, after the train stops at the hydrogen refueling station, the high-pressure hydrogen source of the hydrogen refueling station is connected to the hydrogen injection port (1) of the nth hydrogen storage unit, where n is a positive integer;

[0016] S2, the controller 4 in the nth hydrogen storage unit is used as the main controller, and establishes bus communication with the controllers 4 in other hydrogen storage units;

[0017] S3, the hydrogen sensor 5 collects the pressure and temperature data of the corresponding hydrogen storage bottle 2 in real time, and the main controller determines the hydrogen injection path based on the real-time data;

[0018] S4, each controller 4 controls the opening and closing of each solenoid valve 6 according to the hydrogen injection path, so that hydrogen flows into the hydrogen storage unit of each carriage in sequence through the hydrogen storage hose 3, completing the synchronous hydrogen injection among multiple carriages;

[0019] S5. After all compartments are filled, the main controller will uniformly close all solenoid valves 6 and perform the automatic pipeline residual pressure relief operation.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, the specific process of the main controller in S3 determining the hydrogen injection path based on real-time data is as follows: first, the controller 4 calculates the remaining hydrogen storage capacity of each hydrogen storage bottle 2 based on the real-time pressure and temperature data of the hydrogen storage bottle 2 collected by the hydrogen sensor 5; then, combined with the specification parameters of the hydrogen storage bottle 2, the actual hydrogen storage capacity in each bottle is calculated; when determining the hydrogen injection path, priority is given to selecting a path that can make the flow between each carriage or each hydrogen storage bottle group more balanced.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution, during the filling process of S4, the carriage controller 4 controls the opening of the solenoid valve 6 according to the local pressure change, thereby adjusting the hydrogen injection rate of each carriage; the carriage controller 4 also collects the SOC level in real time, and uses the SOC algorithm to dynamically evaluate the hydrogen storage bottle 2, predicting the remaining capacity and maximum safe hydrogen injection rate of each hydrogen storage bottle 2, and according to the SOC evaluation results, allocating a reasonable initial hydrogen injection flow rate to different hydrogen storage bottles 2, and dynamically adjusting the hydrogen injection flow rate in real time.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, during the filling process of S4, if the temperature collected by the hydrogen sensor 5 corresponding to any of the carriages exceeds the preset safety temperature or the local pressure exceeds the preset pressure, the controller 4 immediately closes the solenoid valve 6 corresponding to the carriage and triggers an audible and visual alarm.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The hydrogen storage system in the present invention is composed of multiple hydrogen storage units, wherein the hydrogen storage unit includes a hydrogen injection port and a bottle assembly. Each carriage of the hydrogen train is equipped with a hydrogen storage unit; the hydrogen storage units of adjacent carriages are connected by the hydrogen storage hose to form a through hydrogen flow channel; the bottle assembly includes multiple hydrogen storage bottles, hydrogen sensors, solenoid valves and controllers. By working together with the hydrogen storage hose, the bottle assembly can complete the synchronous hydrogen injection between multiple carriages, realizing a hydrogen storage and transportation structure with flexible cross-car connections. Compared with the section-by-section filling method, it saves a lot of labor and time costs, improves the overall hydrogen refueling efficiency of multi-carriage, large hydrogen storage capacity trains, and is a key technical path to solve the bottleneck of large-scale operation of hydrogen trains.

[0025] 2. In the present invention, hydrogen storage bottles are arranged in parallel to facilitate gas circulation; hydrogen sensors collect data in real time to provide a basis for hydrogen storage status monitoring; solenoid valves flexibly control the hydrogen path; the controller integrates an SOC algorithm module, generates a hydrogen injection sequence according to the principle of low-capacity priority hydrogen injection, and dynamically adjusts the solenoid valve opening to optimize the hydrogen injection process and improve hydrogen utilization and injection efficiency. The main controller calculates the hydrogen storage capacity based on sensor data and determines the actual reserves in combination with specification parameters, giving priority to selecting a hydrogen injection path that makes the flow more balanced, avoiding uneven flow between carriages or hydrogen storage bottle groups, and improving hydrogen injection uniformity and system stability.

[0026] 3. In the present invention, the hydrogen injection port is set on the side of the train, which is convenient for operation. When filling hydrogen, any hydrogen injection port can be selected as the filling port, so that the train can achieve simultaneous inflation of multiple carriages through single-point hydrogen injection, realizing multi-path hydrogen injection, and when a hydrogen injection port fails, it can continue to be filled through other hydrogen injection ports, thereby improving the flexibility and reliability of hydrogen injection.

[0027] 4. In this invention, hydrogen sensors collect real-time pressure and temperature data from corresponding hydrogen storage bottles. The main controller determines the hydrogen injection path based on this real-time data. Each controller controls the opening and closing of each solenoid valve based on the injection path, allowing hydrogen to flow sequentially through the hydrogen storage hoses into the hydrogen storage units of each carriage, completing simultaneous hydrogen injection across multiple carriages. Once all carriages are filled, the main controller simultaneously closes all solenoid valves and automatically releases residual pressure in the pipeline. This reduces manual intervention throughout the process and improves operational efficiency.

[0028] 5. During the filling process of the present invention, the controller of each carriage also collects the SOC level in real time, and uses the SOC algorithm to dynamically evaluate the hydrogen storage bottle to predict the remaining capacity and maximum safe hydrogen injection rate of each hydrogen storage bottle. According to the SOC evaluation results, a reasonable initial hydrogen injection flow rate is allocated to different hydrogen storage bottles, and the hydrogen injection flow rate is dynamically adjusted in real time. The flow distribution is dynamically regulated by the SOC algorithm to achieve synchronous filling of the hydrogen storage modules in each carriage, avoiding the problems of excessive pressure difference and insufficient terminal flow rate.

[0029] 6. The present invention provides an infrared temperature sensing unit and a temperature-pressure joint control mechanism, which can quickly isolate risks under abnormal working conditions and improve the safety of the filling process; an infrared temperature sensing monitoring unit is arranged at the hydrogen storage hose node to monitor abnormal conditions such as abnormal temperature rise, local overheating and leakage risks in real time, and promptly feed back to the controller to stop hydrogen injection, thereby avoiding safety accidents and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the hydrogen storage system.

[0030] 7. In the present invention, when the hydrogen sensor detects that the temperature exceeds the preset safety temperature or the local pressure exceeds the preset pressure, the solenoid valve is closed in time and the sound and light alarm is triggered to quickly respond to the abnormal situation, prevent the danger from expanding, and ensure the safety of train personnel and equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen energy train cross-car hydrogen storage system in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a hydrogen train cross-train hydrogenation method in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrogen storage hose in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of a hydrogen energy train cross-car hydrogen storage system, taking a four-carriage hydrogen energy high-speed train as an example in the embodiment;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a deformation cloud diagram of the cross-car hydrogen supply pipeline in the embodiment;

[0036] In the figure, 1 is the hydrogen injection port, 2 is the hydrogen storage bottle, 3 is the hydrogen storage hose, 31 is the hydrogen storage hose support structure, 32 is the outer layer of the hydrogen storage hose, 33 is the inner layer of the hydrogen storage hose, 4 is the controller, 5 is the hydrogen sensor, and 6 is the solenoid valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] In this embodiment, a hydrogen train cross-car hydrogen storage system is applied, and the system infrastructure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it is suitable for efficient and safe filling and hydrogen storage management of multi-carriage hydrogen trains. The system includes the following structures and functional modules:

[0040] 1. Hydrogen storage module: An independent hydrogen storage module is installed on the top of each carriage to form a bottle assembly. The bottle assembly is equipped with multiple hydrogen storage bottles 2, hydrogen sensors 5, solenoid valves 6 and a controller 4.

[0041] 2. Flexible Hose Connection Module: Adjacent carriages are connected by high-strength flexible hydrogen storage hoses 3, forming a continuous hydrogen flow channel. The hoses, with a diameter of 25mm, have a pressure rating of 60MPa, a minimum bend radius of 700mm, and a temperature resistance range of -40°C to 65°C. Infrared temperature monitoring units are installed at the flexible hose nodes to monitor abnormal temperature rises, localized overheating, and leakage risks in real time.

[0042] 3. Hydrogen Injection Structure and Flow Control: Multiple hydrogen injection ports 1 are located on the side of the train, any of which can be used as a refueling port, enabling multi-path hydrogen injection. During the hydrogen injection process, hydrogen can be injected from one end and distributed to each carriage through a flexible piping system, achieving cross-train hydrogen injection. The injection path and sequence are dynamically determined by the control system.

[0043] 4. Multi-level control and intelligent flow distribution: Each compartment's hydrogen storage module is equipped with an independent controller 4. The main controller collects the real-time temperature, pressure, and SOC level of each tank group. Based on the SOC algorithm, the main control system can dynamically adjust the hydrogen injection flow rate, coordinate the injection rate of each tank group, and improve hydrogen injection efficiency.

[0044] 5. Hydrogen injection process control flow: The system operates according to the following steps during the hydrogen injection stage:

[0045] (1) Connection stage: hydrogen injection port 1 is connected to an external hydrogen source;

[0046] (2) System initialization: Controller 4 establishes a communication network;

[0047] (3) Path judgment and valve opening: Open the target bottle group solenoid valves 6 in order of priority;

[0048] (4) Synchronous hydrogen injection: Hydrogen is diverted into each bottle group, and the solenoid valve 6 is dynamically adjusted to ensure synchronous hydrogen injection.

[0049] (5) Safety protection and interlocking mechanism: The system has a built-in multi-level safety interlocking mechanism. If the temperature of any compartment exceeds 65°C or the local pressure exceeds the limit, the controller 4 will immediately close the solenoid valve 6 of the compartment and trigger the sound and light alarm; if the infrared temperature monitoring unit detects abnormal temperature rise or leakage signs, the system will immediately stop hydrogen injection; after the hydrogen injection is completed, the system will execute the residual pressure release procedure to actively release the residual high pressure in the hose and the system to ensure the safety of operators and equipment.

[0050] (6) Filling completion and system reset: When all cylinder groups reach the set hydrogen storage pressure, the main controller uniformly closes all solenoid valves 6 and the system enters the operating state.

[0051] Currently, hydrogen trains generally use a separate, individual refueling method, requiring manual switching of pipelines between trains for each refueling session, resulting in low efficiency. To address this issue, this solution proposes a flexible cross-train connection structure and a unified hydrogen injection method. This single-use connection allows for simultaneous hydrogen injection across the entire train, significantly reducing refueling time and improving vehicle turnover efficiency.

[0052] In this embodiment, taking a 4-carriage hydrogen high-speed train as an example, the goal is to complete the efficient and safe filling of ≥500kg of hydrogen within 30 minutes. The applied system is as follows: Figure 4As shown, it includes a hydrogen injection port 1 and a bottle group assembly. Each carriage of the hydrogen train is equipped with a hydrogen storage unit. The hydrogen storage units of adjacent carriages are connected by the hydrogen storage hose 3 to form a through hydrogen flow channel. The bottle group assembly includes multiple hydrogen storage bottles 2, hydrogen sensors 5, solenoid valves 6 and a controller 4. The bottle group assembly works in conjunction with the hydrogen storage hose 3 to complete the synchronous hydrogen injection between multiple carriages.

[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, the hydrogen train in this embodiment consists of four carriages (carriages 1 to 4), each of which is equipped with four sets of bottle assemblies. Each bottle assembly is equipped with a hydrogen sensor 5, a solenoid valve 6, and a controller 4. The hydrogen transmission channel between the carriages is connected through a flexible hydrogen storage hose 3. There are four hydrogen injection ports 1 (carriages 1 to 4) on the outside of the train, which can all be used as hydrogen injection ports.

[0054] In this embodiment, high-pressure hydrogen is injected from the second hydrogen injection port and then transferred to the remaining three adjacent bottle assemblies in sequence to achieve cross-vehicle hydrogen injection. Figure 2 As shown, the details are as follows:

[0055] 1. Connection stage: After the train stops at the hydrogen refueling station, the external high-pressure hydrogen source is connected to the second hydrogen injection port through a quick connector.

[0056] 2. System initialization: The second controller (the main controller of the compartment where the second hydrogen injection port is located) establishes bus communication with the other three hydrogen storage module controllers (the first controller, the third controller and the fourth controller).

[0057] 3. Path judgment and valve opening: The system determines the priority hydrogen injection order based on the real-time collected bottle group pressure and temperature data, and opens the third solenoid valve group (connected to the third bottle group assembly), the fourth solenoid valve group (connected to the fourth bottle group assembly) and the first solenoid valve group (connected to the first bottle group assembly) of the intake solenoid valve 6 in sequence.

[0058] 4. Synchronous Hydrogen Injection Process: Hydrogen enters the system from the second hydrogen injection port and is split in three directions through the hydrogen storage hose 3, supplying the third, fourth, and first cylinder assemblies, respectively. Each carriage controller 4 adjusts the opening of the solenoid valve 6 based on local pressure changes to maintain a balanced hydrogen injection rate and avoid sudden pressure increases or stagnant flow at the end.

[0059] To optimize hydrogen injection efficiency, the main control system dynamically assesses the current hydrogen storage level of each cylinder group based on a SOC algorithm and allocates the initial injection flow rate accordingly. During the injection process, the SOC value is updated in real time to adjust the injection rate for each car, ensuring that each cylinder group reaches the target pressure at approximately the same time, thereby improving overall hydrogen refueling efficiency and reducing the risk of system pressure differentials.

[0060] 5. Safety interlock mechanism: If any cylinder group has an abnormality, such as the hydrogen detector temperature rises or the local pressure exceeds the set threshold, the corresponding controller 4 will immediately close the solenoid valve 6 of this carriage and issue an audible and visual alarm.

[0061] 6. End of filling and disconnection: When the hydrogen storage modules of the four carriages reach the set inflation pressure, the control system closes all solenoid valves 6, executes the residual pressure relief procedure, disconnects the interface, and completes the filling.

[0062] By connecting multiple carriage hydrogen storage modules through flexible hoses, a hydrogen storage and injection channel that runs through the entire train is constructed, eliminating the traditional process of connecting and refueling each section, thereby significantly improving the train's hydrogen injection efficiency. It is particularly suitable for high-speed trains with multiple units and large hydrogen storage capacities.

[0063] The flexible hose structure in this solution is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the hydrogen storage hose 3 comprises a hydrogen storage hose support structure 31, an outer layer 32, and an inner layer 33. The hydrogen storage hose support structure 31 is a multi-layer steel wire structure, interposed between the outer layer 32 and the inner layer 33. The outer layer 32 is made of polyamide, while the inner layer 33 is made of low-permeability polyoxymethylene. The multi-layered design of the hydrogen storage hose, with its multi-layer steel wire support structure enhancing strength and flexibility, the polyamide outer layer being wear-resistant and chemical-resistant, and the low-permeability polyoxymethylene inner layer reducing hydrogen permeation, ensures safe hydrogen storage and extends the hose's service life.

[0064] The hydrogen storage hose 3 is preset with multiple nodes, and infrared temperature monitoring units are arranged at the nodes to monitor in real time whether there are any abnormal conditions in the hydrogen storage hose 3. If the infrared temperature monitoring unit detects an abnormality, it will be fed back to the controller 4 and the hydrogen injection will be stopped; the abnormal conditions include abnormal temperature rise, local overheating and leakage risks. The hydrogen storage hose 3 has a pressure rating of 60MPa, a minimum bending radius of 700mm and a temperature resistance of -40℃ to 65℃, and a pipe diameter of 25mm. The performance parameters such as pressure resistance, temperature resistance, pipe diameter and bending radius are clearly defined, so that the hydrogen storage hose 3 can meet the complex working conditions of the hydrogen train and ensure the stable transmission of hydrogen under different environmental conditions. The appropriate pipe diameter and bending radius are conducive to reasonable layout in the train.

[0065] To verify the structural safety and connection reliability of the flexible hose hydrogen transport system in this solution under high-pressure and complex operating conditions, numerical simulation analysis was performed using software. Based on the requirement to fill ≥500 kg of hydrogen within 30 minutes, the corresponding pipeline filling rate reached a maximum of 120 g / s. The simulation conditions comprehensively considered the fluid-structure interaction caused by 70 MPa high-pressure hydrogen flowing at a flow rate of 120 g / s, as well as the superposition effects of random vibrations in the vehicle operating environment.

[0066] The modeling object is a typical connection section of a straddle carrier flexible hose. Material parameters are selected based on the actual structure. Boundary conditions include steady-state high-pressure loading at the inlet, rigid boundaries simulating quick-connect connections at the hose restraint points, and superimposed random vibration. The target analysis metric is maximum deformation.

[0067] The simulation results are as follows Figure 5 As shown in the figure, blue indicates the minimum total structural deformation, corresponding to a value of 0; red indicates the maximum total structural deformation, corresponding to a value of 0.00012497mm; intermediate transition colors (such as cyan, green, and yellow) correspond to different degrees of total deformation, with values between the minimum and maximum values. The color changes intuitively display the distribution of total deformation in various parts of the structure. As can be seen from the figure, at the maximum flow rate and the most unfavorable operating conditions, the maximum equivalent displacement of the inner wall of the flexible hose is approximately 0.000112497mm, far below the design allowable deformation limit, and the deformation is concentrated in the transition area at the end of the hose, with no obvious stress concentration. The overall structural deformation distribution is continuous and smooth, with no localized unstable areas.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] In this embodiment, to address the low efficiency of refueling each section of existing hydrogen trains, it is proposed to connect the independent hydrogen storage modules in multiple carriages through flexible hoses to achieve synchronous hydrogen injection between multiple carriages. The method steps include:

[0070] S1. After the train stops at the hydrogen refueling station, the high-pressure hydrogen source of the hydrogen refueling station is connected to the hydrogen injection port 1 of the nth hydrogen storage unit, where n is a positive integer;

[0071] S2, the controller 4 in the nth hydrogen storage unit is used as the main controller, and a bus communication is established with the controllers 4 in the other hydrogen storage units;

[0072] S3, the hydrogen sensor 5 collects the pressure and temperature data of the corresponding hydrogen storage bottle 2 in real time, and the main controller determines the hydrogen injection path based on the real-time data;

[0073] S4, each controller 4 controls the opening and closing of each solenoid valve 6 according to the hydrogen injection path, so that hydrogen flows into the hydrogen storage unit of each carriage in sequence through the hydrogen storage hose 3, completing the synchronous hydrogen injection among multiple carriages;

[0074] S5. After all compartments are filled, the main controller will uniformly close all solenoid valves 6 and perform the automatic pipeline residual pressure relief operation.

[0075] The specific process of the main controller in S3 determining the hydrogen injection path based on real-time data is as follows: first, the controller 4 calculates the remaining hydrogen storage capacity of each hydrogen storage bottle 2 based on the real-time pressure and temperature data of the hydrogen storage bottle 2 collected by the hydrogen sensor 5; then, combined with the specification parameters of the hydrogen storage bottle 2, the actual hydrogen storage capacity in each bottle is calculated; when determining the hydrogen injection path, priority is given to selecting a path that can make the flow between each carriage or each hydrogen storage bottle group more balanced.

[0076] During the filling process of S4, each carriage controller 4 controls the opening of the solenoid valve 6 according to the local pressure change, thereby adjusting the hydrogen injection rate of each carriage; each carriage controller 4 also collects the SOC level in real time, and uses the SOC algorithm to dynamically evaluate the hydrogen storage bottle 2, predicting the remaining capacity and maximum safe hydrogen injection rate of each hydrogen storage bottle 2, and according to the SOC evaluation results, allocating a reasonable initial hydrogen injection flow rate to different hydrogen storage bottles 2, and dynamically adjusting the hydrogen injection flow rate in real time.

[0077] During the filling process of S4, if the temperature collected by the hydrogen sensor 5 corresponding to any of the carriages exceeds the preset safety temperature or the local pressure exceeds the preset pressure, the controller 4 immediately closes the solenoid valve 6 corresponding to the carriage and triggers an audible and visual alarm.

[0078] This method proposes connecting independent hydrogen storage modules in multiple carriages through flexible hoses to achieve simultaneous hydrogen injection between multiple carriages, realizing a cross-car flexible hydrogen storage and transportation structure, and improving the overall hydrogen refueling efficiency of multi-car trains. The specific implementation process of this method is as follows:

[0079] (1) A modular system is installed on the top of each train car, and each hydrogen storage unit is connected in sequence through a flexible hose and a quick connector to form a hydrogen transmission channel throughout the entire train;

[0080] (2) After the train stops at the hydrogen refueling station, the high-pressure cylinder group is connected through the refueling interface of the refueling car to establish a total air intake channel with the train hydrogen storage system;

[0081] (3) Start the hydrogen refueling control system and open the bottle valve solenoid valve and the pressure reducing valve solenoid valve of the first carriage, so that high-pressure hydrogen flows into each carriage in turn through the flexible hose;

[0082] (4) The control system monitors the pressure and temperature of each hydrogen storage unit in real time, and dynamically adjusts the hydrogen injection rate of each carriage based on the collected parameters, so that each carriage can complete hydrogen filling within a similar time. The dynamic adjustment of the hydrogen injection rate does not rely on a single flow sensor, but distributes the flow by comparing the real-time pressure change rate of each hydrogen storage module.

[0083] (5) When the hydrogen storage unit of any compartment reaches the preset upper pressure limit or temperature limit, the hydrogen injection passage corresponding to the compartment is closed and the sound and light alarm is activated; the infrared temperature detection device installed at each flexible hose node monitors the thermal anomaly to assist in judging hydrogen leakage or flow abnormality.

[0084] (6) After filling is completed, the residual pressure in the pipeline is automatically released. This is achieved by automatically controlling the residual gas discharge channel without manual operation.

[0085] In summary, this method effectively addresses the challenges of limited hydrogen transmission between multiple hydrogen storage modules and complex synchronization control, significantly improving hydrogen refueling efficiency. In multi-carriage train refueling scenarios, it can efficiently complete high-flow hydrogen refueling throughout the train, providing technical support for the large-scale and efficient operation of hydrogen trains.

[0086] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and such modifications or substitutions are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen train cross-car hydrogen storage system, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage system is composed of a plurality of hydrogen storage units, each of which includes a hydrogen injection port (1) and a bottle assembly. Each carriage of a hydrogen train is equipped with a hydrogen storage unit. The hydrogen storage units of adjacent carriages are connected by a hydrogen storage hose (3) to form a through hydrogen flow channel. The bottle assembly includes a plurality of hydrogen storage bottles (2), a hydrogen sensor (5), a solenoid valve (6) and a controller (4). The bottle assembly works in conjunction with the hydrogen storage hose (3) to complete synchronous hydrogen injection between multiple carriages.

2. A hydrogen train cross-car hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the bottle group assembly (2), the hydrogen storage bottles (2) are arranged in parallel; the hydrogen sensors (5) are arranged in a distributed manner and are used to collect pressure and temperature data of the corresponding hydrogen storage bottles (2) in real time; the solenoid valves (6) are used to control the hydrogen flow path; the controller (4) is integrated with an SOC algorithm module, calculates the remaining capacity of each hydrogen storage bottle (2) based on the SOC algorithm, generates a hydrogen injection sequence according to the principle of giving priority to hydrogen injection for low capacity, and dynamically adjusts the opening of each solenoid valve (6) in real time.

3. The hydrogen train cross-vehicle hydrogen storage system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydrogen injection port (1) is arranged on the side of the train. When filling hydrogen, any hydrogen injection port (1) is selected as the filling port to realize multi-path hydrogen injection. When injecting hydrogen, hydrogen is injected from any hydrogen injection port (1) and then diverted to each carriage through the flexible pipe system. During the hydrogen injection process, the hydrogen injection path and sequence are dynamically determined by the bottle group assembly (2) to realize cross-train hydrogen injection.

4. A hydrogen train cross-vehicle hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage hose (3) comprises a hydrogen storage hose support structure (31), a hydrogen storage hose outer layer (32) and a hydrogen storage hose inner layer (33); the hydrogen storage hose support structure (31) is a multi-layer steel wire structure, which is arranged between the hydrogen storage hose outer layer (32) and the hydrogen storage hose inner layer (33); the hydrogen storage hose outer layer (32) is made of polyamide material; the hydrogen storage hose inner layer (33) is made of low-permeability polyformaldehyde material.

5. A hydrogen train cross-vehicle hydrogen storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of nodes are preset on the hydrogen storage hose (3), and infrared temperature sensing monitoring units are arranged at the nodes for real-time monitoring of whether abnormal conditions occur in the hydrogen storage hose (3). If the infrared temperature sensing monitoring unit detects an abnormal condition, the abnormal condition is fed back to the controller (4) and the hydrogen injection is stopped; the abnormal condition includes abnormal temperature rise, local overheating and leakage risk.

6. A hydrogen train cross-vehicle hydrogen storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage hose (3) has a pressure resistance of 60 MPa, a minimum bending radius of 700 mm, and a temperature resistance of -40°C to 65°C, and a pipe diameter of 25 mm.

7. A hydrogen train cross-train hydrogenation method, characterized in that: The method is applied to a hydrogen train straddling hydrogen storage system as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, and the method steps include: S1, after the train stops at the hydrogen refueling station, the high-pressure hydrogen source of the hydrogen refueling station is connected to the hydrogen injection port (1) of the nth hydrogen storage unit, where n is a positive integer; S2, using the controller (4) in the nth hydrogen storage unit as a master controller and establishing bus communication with the controllers (4) in other hydrogen storage units; S3, the hydrogen sensor (5) collects the pressure and temperature data of the corresponding hydrogen storage bottle (2) in real time, and the main controller determines the hydrogen injection path based on the real-time data; S4, each controller (4) controls the opening and closing of each solenoid valve (6) according to the hydrogen injection path, so that hydrogen flows into the hydrogen storage unit of each carriage in sequence through the hydrogen storage hose (3), completing the synchronous hydrogen injection among multiple carriages; S5. After all compartments are filled, the main controller will close all electromagnetic valves (6) and automatically release the residual pressure in the pipeline.

8. The method for hydrogenating a hydrogen train across vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific process of the main controller in S3 determining the hydrogen injection path based on real-time data is as follows: first, the controller (4) calculates the remaining hydrogen storage capacity of each hydrogen storage bottle (2) based on the real-time pressure and temperature data of the hydrogen storage bottle (2) collected by the hydrogen sensor (5); then, based on the specification parameters of the hydrogen storage bottle (2), the actual hydrogen storage capacity in each bottle is calculated; when determining the hydrogen injection path, a path that can make the flow between each compartment or each hydrogen storage bottle group more balanced is preferably selected.

9. The method for hydrogenating a hydrogen train across vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the filling process of S4, each carriage controller (4) controls the opening of the solenoid valve (6) according to the local pressure change, thereby adjusting the hydrogen injection rate of each carriage; each carriage controller (4) also collects the SOC level in real time, and uses the SOC algorithm to dynamically evaluate the hydrogen storage bottle (2), predicting the remaining capacity and the maximum safe hydrogen injection rate of each hydrogen storage bottle (2), and according to the SOC evaluation result, allocating a reasonable initial hydrogen injection flow rate to different hydrogen storage bottles (2), and dynamically adjusting the hydrogen injection flow rate in real time.

10. The method for hydrogenating a hydrogen train across vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the filling process of S4, if the temperature collected by the hydrogen sensor (5) corresponding to any of the carriages exceeds a preset safety temperature or the local pressure exceeds a preset pressure, the controller (4) immediately closes the solenoid valve (6) corresponding to the carriage and triggers an audible and visual alarm.

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