Efficient steel ladle and masonry method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an efficient steel ladle which comprises a bottom permanent lining, an annular wall permanent lining, an annular working lining, surrounding bricks, a water gap seat brick, an air brick, a bottom lining and an interlayer, and the invention further comprises a building method of the efficient steel ladle. The method has the beneficial effects that the bottom permanent lining adopts the two-stage ring-shaped steps, so that materials are saved, and the cost is reduced; a high area, a transition area and a low concave area are arranged between the bottom lining and the nozzle brick cup, so that residual steel is reduced, and the molten steel yield is increased; the funnel-shaped molten steel channel and the trapezoidal molten steel channel are combined to form a molten steel channel capable of gradually changing the flow speed of molten steel so as to reduce the risk of rotational flow; the grating area can divide the steel flow beams and comb and guide the divided steel flow beams again. The anti-rotational flow structure is used for dispersing, combing and guiding the molten steel, so that the yield of the molten steel is increased; the surrounding bricks, the pouring bottom lining and the pouring interlayer are connected in an embedded mode to form a whole, so that it is guaranteed that a single component does not slip off, and molten steel can be prevented from permeating into cracks of the surrounding bricks, the pouring bottom lining and the pouring interlayer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of refractory materials for steelmaking, and in particular relates to a high-efficiency ladle and a masonry method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the demand in the steel market shrinks, steelmaking costs decrease, and the demand for improving efficiency and quality becomes increasingly higher, how to achieve a win-win situation for all partners in the process of serving the needs of steelmaking technology is a long-term and arduous task that requires continuous innovation and bold attempts.

[0003] The invention patent with publication number CN115301936A, "A ladle bottom masonry process for reducing excess steel in the ladle", adopts a ladle bottom partitioning mode and uses shaped bricks for masonry. It is highly practical and can reduce excess steel, but requires the use of multiple brick types for matching and has high requirements on the process of selecting the brick types for masonry.

[0004] The invention patent with publication number CN118455501A, "A ladle structure and its masonry method", sets multiple prefabricated blocks at the bottom of the ladle and adopts a tilted ladle bottom castable mode, which can reduce the residual molten steel in the ladle and improve the molten steel yield; however, this patent application has the following shortcomings in actual application: the impact kinetic energy of the molten steel falling into the ladle is relatively strong, and the molten steel is dispersed and impacted around during the process of falling into the ladle. The ring bricks, especially the brick joints of the ring brick layer, are easily subjected to severe impact, resulting in safety hazards such as steel clamping and steel penetration.

[0005] When molten steel is continuously cast, the amount of molten steel in the ladle gradually decreases. When the liquid level of the molten steel in the ladle drops to a certain height, due to factors such as steel flow speed, pressure, and air flow pressure, the molten steel will gradually form a vortex flow above the vertical height of the injection (the vortex flow is usually a counterclockwise vortex flow, but it may also be a clockwise vortex flow). The vortex flow will draw the insulation and slag layer impurities at the top of the molten steel into the steel flow that forms the vortex flow, making the composition of the cast steel billet impure, the quality deteriorated, and even becoming a waste billet, resulting in a waste of steel casting raw materials and an increase in steel casting costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a high-efficiency ladle and a method for building the same.

[0007] This high-efficiency ladle includes: a bottom permanent lining, a ring wall permanent lining, a ring working lining, surrounding bricks, a nozzle seat brick, a breathable brick, a bottom lining and an interlayer;

[0008] The bottom permanent lining is located at the bottom of the ladle. Unlike the top flat surface commonly used in the market, the top of the outer edge of the bottom permanent lining is a two-step ring-shaped step. The two-step ring-shaped steps include a first step and a second step. The first step is a certain height higher than the top of the center part of the bottom permanent lining, and the second step is a certain height higher than the top of the first step.

[0009] A bottom lining is provided on the top of the central part of the bottom permanent lining, and the nozzle seat bricks and the air bricks are inlaid in the bottom lining and the bottom permanent lining from top to bottom. The nozzle seat bricks and the air bricks are separated by a composite layer of the bottom lining and the bottom permanent lining;

[0010] The area around the top of the nozzle seat brick is lower than the upper surface of the bottom lining to form a concave area. The upper surface of the bottom lining is higher than the area around the top of the nozzle seat brick to form a high platform area. An inclined annular surface transition area is formed between the high platform area and the concave area to connect them. The arrangement of the high platform area, transition area and concave area is conducive to the qualified molten steel flowing into the nozzle and out of the ladle as much as possible and being fully utilized, thereby reducing excess steel and improving the molten steel yield. The height difference between the high platform area, transition area and concave area forms a stepped outer edge of the top of the nozzle seat brick.

[0011] The nozzle base brick includes an upper base brick located at the top and a lower base brick located at the bottom. A funnel-shaped molten steel channel is provided inside the upper base brick, and a trapezoidal molten steel channel is provided inside the lower base brick. The bottom of the funnel-shaped molten steel channel is connected to the top of the trapezoidal molten steel channel. The funnel-shaped molten steel channel and the trapezoidal molten steel channel are combined to form a molten steel channel that can gradually change the molten steel flow rate to reduce the risk of vortex flow.

[0012] The solid part of the side wall of the lower seat brick is provided with multiple weirs with a certain inclination angle. The multiple weirs divide the side wall of the lower seat brick into multiple grid areas with concave and convex shapes. The grid areas can divide the steel flow beam and re-combine and guide the divided steel flow beam;

[0013] The anti-swirl structure is composed of a stepped top edge of the nozzle block, a molten steel channel that can gradually change the molten steel flow rate, and multiple concave and convex grid areas. This structure can disrupt the counterclockwise / clockwise rotation of the molten steel, cleverly interrupt the agglomerated molten steel caused by the continuous swirl of the molten steel due to the height difference (reducing the probability of inclusions entering the molten steel), and disperse and comb the molten steel to reduce the swirl height and swirl intensity, significantly reduce the height of the molten steel in the ladle, reverse the swirl pattern of the liquid, and reduce slag entanglement in the eddy flow molten steel, thereby ensuring the quality of the molten steel. This structure buys time for the discharge of high-quality molten steel, reduces the excess of high-quality molten steel, increases the output of high-quality molten steel, and improves the molten steel yield.

[0014] The first step is built with surrounding bricks, and a portion of the second step is built with a ring working lining, with a certain distance between the surrounding bricks and the ring working lining. The top surface of the surrounding bricks does not directly face the brick joints of the ring working lining, and the surrounding bricks can vertically block the brick joints of two to four layers of the ring working lining. When the ladle is put into use, the molten steel falling into the ladle is prevented from directly eroding the brick joints of the shaping bricks of the ring working lining, thereby preventing the molten steel from drilling into the steel or the residual thickness from failing to meet the service life requirements of the ring working lining. A sandwich layer is provided between the surrounding bricks and the ring working lining. The remaining portion of the second step and the edge of the bottom permanent lining are built with a ring wall permanent lining.

[0015] The inner and outer ring sides of the surrounding bricks are each provided with 1 to 3 embedded functional grooves, the outer ring side of the embedded functional groove is embedded in the base lining and the interlayer, and the contact surfaces of the base lining and the interlayer with the inner and outer ring sides of the surrounding bricks are provided with structures matching the shape of the embedded functional grooves, so that the surrounding bricks, the cast base lining and the cast interlayer are embedded and connected to form a whole, so as to ensure that the single component does not slip while dividing the joint surface into several tortuous sections, and also prevent the molten steel from seeping into the gaps between the surrounding bricks, the cast base lining and the cast interlayer. The bottom groove of the inner ring side of the surrounding brick is lower than the bottom groove of the outer ring side of the surrounding brick, so as to ensure the safety of the cast base lining, the cast interlayer and the surrounding bricks, improve the application safety factor of the ladle bottom, ensure the safety of steelmaking, and improve the service life of the cast base lining, the cast interlayer and the surrounding bricks.

[0016] Preferably, the first step is 8 to 20 cm higher than the top of the central portion of the bottom permanent lining, and the second step is 8 to 15 cm higher than the top of the first step; the total height of the first and second steps is 20 cm to 35 cm.

[0017] Preferably, the spacing between the surrounding bricks and the ring working lining is 5 cm; the height of the surrounding bricks is 22 cm to 56 cm, and the top of the surrounding bricks is at least 30 cm higher than the top of the central part of the bottom permanent lining. A step serves as the base of the surrounding bricks, so the purpose can also be achieved by using surrounding bricks of lower height.

[0018] Preferably, the thickness of the permanent lining of the annular wall is 4 cm to 10 cm.

[0019] Preferably, the height difference between the high platform area and the low depression area is 2 to 8 cm, the thickness of the low depression area is 20 to 40 cm, and the height difference between the top of the high platform area and the top of the surrounding brick is more than 3 cm; the low depression area is in the shape of a triangular sector, and the area of the low depression area accounts for 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the total area of the bottom of the ladle; the lower boundary line of the transition zone in the shape of an inclined annular surface is at least 10 cm away from its upper boundary line.

[0020] Preferably, the embedded functional groove is a convex groove and / or a concave groove, and the contact surfaces of the base lining and the interlayer with the inner and outer ring sides of the surrounding bricks are provided with convex grooves and / or concave grooves matching the shape of the embedded functional groove.

[0021] Preferably, the surrounding bricks are low-carbon machine-pressed bricks or corundum spinel precast bricks to ensure that the surrounding bricks have high erosion resistance and are easy to be recycled multiple times.

[0022] Preferably, 2 to 10 flow-isolating weirs with a certain inclination angle are provided on the solid part of the side wall of the lower seat brick.

[0023] The high-efficiency ladle masonry method comprises the following steps:

[0024] After placing a placeholder mold for the nozzle seat bricks and the air bricks at the bottom of the ladle, a refractory material is used to cast a bottom permanent lining at the bottom of the ladle. When the thickness of the casting layer approaches or reaches the height of the bottom of the first step, a circular first-step mold is placed on the placeholder mold for the nozzle seat bricks and the air bricks, and the bottom permanent lining is continued to be cast from the hollowed-out positions around the circular first-step mold until the thickness of the casting layer exceeds the height of the top of the first step; a circular second-step mold is placed on the circular first-step mold, and the bottom permanent lining is continued to be cast from the hollowed-out positions around the circular second-step mold until the thickness of the casting layer reaches the height of the top of the second step; a wire vibrating rod is used throughout the casting process of the bottom permanent lining to assist in vibrating the castable material so that the casting layer of the bottom permanent lining reaches the set density; after the bottom permanent lining is allowed to stand at room temperature for 8 to 15 hours, it is demoulded to obtain a bottom permanent lining with a first step and a second step;

[0025] Place the mold of the permanent lining of the annular wall directly on the second step, use bulk materials to cast the permanent lining of the annular wall on a part of the second step of the bottom permanent lining and the outer part of the second step, let the permanent lining of the annular wall stand at room temperature for 6 to 24 hours, then demould it, dry and bake the permanent lining of the annular wall at a temperature not exceeding 500°C for 1 to 2 days with a low fire, and then cool the permanent lining of the annular wall to room temperature;

[0026] After leveling the bottom surface of the second step of the permanent lining, use the shaped bricks to lay the ring working lining on the remaining part of the second step using the wet masonry method. During the masonry process, pay attention to control the thickness of the grout between the bricks to not exceed 1mm until the top masonry is completed;

[0027] After leveling the bottom surface of the first step with permanent lining, lay surrounding bricks on the first step;

[0028] The bottom lining is poured, and the interlayer is poured between the surrounding bricks and the ring working lining at the same time; at the set time, the triangular fan-shaped top sealing plate shaping mold is placed on the top plane of the occupier mold of the nozzle seat brick, and the triangular fan-shaped top sealing plate shaping mold is close to the surrounding bricks and hung on the surrounding bricks, and the bottom lining is continued to be poured. The pouring process of the castable is supplemented by vibration with a vibrating rod (to ensure the compactness of the castable stacking). When the top of the pouring layer of the bottom lining is close to the height of the top of the triangular fan-shaped top sealing plate shaping mold, the pouring of the bottom lining is completed. After standing at room temperature for 2 to 15 hours, the mold is demoulded to obtain a concave area, a high platform area and a transition area;

[0029] After the pouring is completed and the bottom lining and interlayer are obtained, remove the placeholder mold of the nozzle seat brick and the breathable brick (the placeholder mold is easy to demould, and the placeholder mold can be formed as a whole or in parts. The split molding is faster and the finished product qualification rate of the nozzle seat brick and the breathable brick is higher), and lay the nozzle seat brick and the breathable brick in the original position of the placeholder mold.

[0030] Preferably, the nozzle seat bricks are plasticized and dried and baked, and have high strength.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] The present invention adopts a two-stage ring-shaped step to replace the first layer and second layer of shaping bricks of the lower slag line of the ladle bottom in the prior art; the bottom permanent lining can be recycled multiple times, avoiding the high cost of lower slag line bricks (calculated based on 0.6 tons of single-layer ring working lining bricks and 6 cycles of permanent lining, the amount of working lining bricks can be reduced by about 3 to 6 tons within the permanent lining cycle), thus achieving the purpose of saving materials and reducing costs;

[0033] The high platform area, transition area and low concave area are arranged between the bottom lining and the nozzle seat brick of the present invention, which is conducive to the qualified molten steel to flow into the nozzle and out of the ladle as much as possible and be fully utilized, thereby reducing excess steel and improving the molten steel yield;

[0034] A funnel-shaped molten steel channel is provided inside the upper block, and a trapezoidal molten steel channel is provided inside the lower block. The bottom of the funnel-shaped molten steel channel is connected to the top of the trapezoidal molten steel channel. The funnel-shaped molten steel channel and the trapezoidal molten steel channel are combined to form a molten steel channel that can gradually change the flow rate of the molten steel, thereby reducing the risk of vortex flow.

[0035] The weir divides the side wall of the lower brick into multiple concave and convex grid areas, which can divide the steel flow beam and re-combine and guide the divided steel flow beam;

[0036] The anti-swirl structure is composed of a stepped top edge of the nozzle block, a molten steel channel that can gradually change the molten steel flow rate, and multiple concave and convex grid areas. This structure can disrupt the counterclockwise / clockwise rotation of the molten steel, cleverly interrupt the agglomerated molten steel caused by the continuous swirl of the molten steel due to the height difference (reducing the probability of inclusions entering the molten steel), and disperse and comb the molten steel to reduce the swirl height and swirl intensity, significantly reduce the height of the molten steel in the ladle, reverse the swirl pattern of the liquid, and reduce slag entanglement in the eddy flow molten steel, thereby ensuring the quality of the molten steel. This structure buys time for the discharge of high-quality molten steel, reduces the excess of high-quality molten steel, increases the output of high-quality molten steel, and improves the molten steel yield.

[0037] The top surface of the surrounding bricks does not face the brick joints of the ring working lining and the surrounding bricks can cover the brick joints of 2 to 4 layers of the ring working lining in the vertical direction, so that when the ladle is put into use, the molten steel falling into the ladle is prevented from directly eroding the brick joints of the shaping bricks of the ring working lining, and the molten steel is prevented from drilling into the steel or the residual thickness does not meet the service life requirements of the ring working lining; the contact surfaces of the bottom lining and the interlayer with the inner and outer ring sides of the surrounding bricks are provided with structures that match the shape of the embedded functional grooves, so that the surrounding bricks, the casting bottom lining and the casting interlayer are embedded and connected to form a whole, so as to ensure that the single component does not slip while dividing the joint surface into several tortuous sections, and also prevent the molten steel from seeping into the gaps between the surrounding bricks, the casting bottom lining and the casting interlayer. The lowest groove on the inner ring side of the surrounding brick is lower than the lowest groove on the outer ring side of the surrounding brick, so as to ensure the safety of the casting bottom lining, casting interlayer and surrounding bricks, improve the application safety factor of the ladle bottom, ensure steelmaking safety, and improve the service life of the casting bottom lining, casting interlayer and surrounding bricks;

[0038] In summary, the present invention can improve the safety factor of the high-efficiency ladle when used for steel casting, can reduce the swirling height of the vortex flow of the ladle injection and the residual steel in the ladle, and improve the quality of the cast steel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is a front cross-sectional view of the high-efficiency ladle of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 A top view of the high-efficiency ladle of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the convex and concave grooves on the surrounding bricks;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the flow-isolating weir set in the inner hole of the upper section of the water inlet seat brick.

[0043] Explanation of the accompanying reference numerals: bottom permanent lining 1, first step 1A, second step 1B, ring working lining 2, surrounding bricks 3, water inlet seat bricks 4, lower seat bricks 41, upper seat bricks 42, breathable bricks 5, bottom lining 6, concave area 61, transition area 62, high platform area 63, interlayer 7, ring wall permanent lining 11, convex groove 12, groove 13, flow separation weir 14. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the following examples. The following examples are provided only to facilitate understanding of the present invention. It should be noted that, without departing from the principles of the present invention, it is possible for a person skilled in the art to make various modifications to the present invention, and such improvements and modifications fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a high-efficiency ladle comprises: a bottom permanent lining 1, a ring wall permanent lining 11, a ring working lining 2, surrounding bricks 3, a nozzle seat brick 4, a breathable brick 5, a bottom lining 6, and an interlayer 7; the surrounding bricks 3 are low-carbon machine-pressed bricks (low-carbon magnesium carbon bricks with a carbon content of less than 8) or corundum spinel cement-free precast bricks to ensure that the surrounding bricks have high erosion resistance and are easy to be recycled multiple times;

[0047] The bottom permanent lining 1 is located at the bottom of the ladle. Unlike the top flat pattern commonly used in the market, the top of the outer edge of the bottom permanent lining 1 is a two-step ring-shaped step, consisting of a first step 1A and a second step 1B. The first step 1A is 27 cm higher than the top of the center of the bottom permanent lining 1, and the second step 1B is 10 cm higher than the top of the first step 1A.

[0048] A bottom lining 6 is provided on the top of the central part of the bottom permanent lining 1. The nozzle seat brick 4 and the air brick 5 are embedded in the bottom lining 6 and the bottom permanent lining 1 from top to bottom. The nozzle seat brick 4 and the air brick 5 are separated by a composite layer of the bottom lining 6 and the bottom permanent lining 1.

[0049] The area around the top of the nozzle seat brick 4 is lower than the upper surface of the bottom lining 6 to form a concave area 61. The upper surface of the bottom lining 6 is higher than the area around the top of the nozzle seat brick 4 to form a high platform area 63. An inclined annular surface transition area 62 is formed between the high platform area 63 and the concave area 61 to connect them. The arrangement of the high platform area, the transition area and the concave area is conducive to the qualified molten steel to flow into the nozzle and out of the ladle as much as possible and be fully utilized, thereby reducing excess steel and improving the molten steel yield. The height difference between the transition area 62 and the depressed area 61 forms a stepped outer edge of the top of the nozzle seat brick; the height difference between the high platform area 63 and the depressed area 61 is 8 cm, the thickness of the depressed area 61 is 30 cm, and the height difference between the top of the high platform area 63 and the top of the surrounding brick 3 is 3 cm; the depressed area 61 is in the shape of a triangular sector, and the area of the depressed area 61 accounts for 1 / 4 of the total area of the bottom of the ladle; the lower boundary line of the transition area 62 in the shape of an inclined annular surface is 12 cm away from its upper boundary line;

[0050] The nozzle base brick 4 includes an upper base brick 42 located at the upper part thereof and a lower base brick 41 located at the lower part thereof. A funnel-shaped molten steel channel is provided inside the upper base brick 42, and a trapezoidal molten steel channel is provided inside the lower base brick 41. The bottom of the funnel-shaped molten steel channel is connected to the top of the trapezoidal molten steel channel. The funnel-shaped molten steel channel and the trapezoidal molten steel channel are combined to form a molten steel channel that can gradually change the flow rate of the molten steel, thereby reducing the risk of vortex flow.

[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, eight weirs 14 with a certain inclination angle are provided on the solid part of the side wall of the lower seat brick 41. The multiple weirs 14 divide the side wall of the lower seat brick 41 into multiple grid areas with concave and convex shapes. The grid areas can divide the steel flow beams and re-combine and guide the divided steel flow beams.

[0052] The anti-swirl structure is composed of a stepped top edge of the nozzle block, a molten steel channel that can gradually change the molten steel flow rate, and multiple concave and convex grid areas. This structure can disrupt the counterclockwise / clockwise rotation of the molten steel, cleverly interrupt the agglomerated molten steel caused by the continuous swirl of the molten steel due to the height difference (reducing the probability of inclusions entering the molten steel), and disperse and comb the molten steel to reduce the swirl height and swirl intensity, significantly reduce the height of the molten steel in the ladle, reverse the swirl pattern of the liquid, and reduce slag entanglement in the eddy flow molten steel, thereby ensuring the quality of the molten steel. This structure buys time for the discharge of high-quality molten steel, reduces the excess of high-quality molten steel, increases the output of high-quality molten steel, and improves the molten steel yield.

[0053] Bricks 3 are laid on the first step 1A, and a ring working lining 2 is laid on a portion of the second step 1B, with a certain distance between the bricks 3 and the ring working lining 2. The top surface of the bricks 3 does not face the brick joints of the ring working lining 2, and the bricks 3 can vertically block the brick joints of 2 to 4 layers of the ring working lining 2, so that when the ladle is put into use, the molten steel falling into the ladle is prevented from directly eroding the brick joints of the shaping bricks of the ring working lining, thereby preventing the molten steel from drilling into the steel or the residual thickness from failing to meet the service life requirements of the ring working lining. An interlayer 7 is provided between the bricks 3 and the ring working lining 2. A permanent ring wall lining 11 is laid on the remaining portion of the second step 1B and the edge of the bottom permanent lining 1. The thickness of the permanent ring wall lining 11 is 6 cm. The first step 1A is 8 cm higher than the top of the center part of the bottom permanent lining 1, and the second step 1B is 12 cm higher than the top of the first step 1A. The total height of the first step 1A and the second step 1B is 20 cm.

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown, the inner and outer ring sides of the surrounding brick 3 are provided with three embedded functional grooves (convex grooves 12 and / or concave grooves 13), and the outer ring side of the embedded functional groove is embedded in the base lining 6 and the interlayer 7. The contact surfaces of the base lining 6 and the interlayer 7 with the inner and outer ring sides of the surrounding brick 3 are provided with convex grooves and / or concave grooves that match the shape of the embedded functional grooves, so that the surrounding brick, the casting base lining and the casting interlayer are embedded and connected to form a whole, so as to ensure that the single component does not slip while dividing the joint surface into several tortuous sections, and also prevent the molten steel from seeping into the gap between the surrounding brick, the casting base lining and the casting interlayer. The bottom groove of the inner ring side of the surrounding brick 3 is lower than the bottom groove of the outer ring side of the surrounding brick 3, ensuring the safety of the casting base lining, the casting interlayer and the surrounding brick, improving the application safety factor of the ladle bottom, ensuring steelmaking safety, and improving the life of the casting base lining, the casting interlayer and the surrounding brick. The distance between the surrounding brick 3 and the ring working lining 2 is 5 cm; the height of the surrounding brick 3 is 22 cm, and the top of the surrounding brick 3 is 30 cm higher than the top of the central part of the bottom permanent lining 1. The first step 1A serves as the base of the surrounding brick, so the purpose can be achieved by using a lower height surrounding brick.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] A high-efficiency ladle masonry method comprises the following steps:

[0057] according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Make surrounding bricks 3 (36 cm high, with two 1 / 3 arc grooves with a radius of 1 cm on both the inner and outer ring sides of the surrounding brick 3, and the first arc groove on the inner bottom is about 5 cm high), nozzle seat bricks 4 and air permeable bricks 5; use the low-carbon aluminum-magnesium-carbon material for surrounding bricks listed in Table 1 below and use a flat press mode to form the surrounding bricks;

[0058] Table 1 Composition of low carbon aluminum magnesium carbon materials for surrounding bricks

[0059] Raw material name Specification content(%) Special grade bauxite >1mm 25 97 high purity magnesia >1mm 10 Brown corundum >1mm 13 Brown corundum 1~0mm 17 Tabular corundum 200 mesh / 325 mesh 11.5 Special grade bauxite 200 mesh 13 Calcined alumina 3 Flake graphite 4 97 Silicon Carbide 200 mesh 1 Resin ~ added 2.5

[0060] The upper seat brick 42 and the lower seat brick 41 of the nozzle seat brick 4 are cast using the microporous corundum spinel castable in Table 2 below. Four nearly semicircular convex arc weirs with a radius of 15 mm are designed. After curing at room temperature of 35°C for 12 hours, they are demoulded and placed at room temperature for 2 days before being dried in a drying kiln under a baking curve with a final temperature of 500°C.

[0061] Table 2 Composition and properties of microporous corundum spinel castables

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] After placing a placeholder mold (17 cm in height) of the nozzle seat brick 4 and the air brick 5 that have been plasticized and dried and baked at the bottom of the ladle, the microporous corundum spinel castable (castable 1) in Table 3 below is used to cast the bottom permanent lining 1 at the bottom of the ladle. When the thickness of the cast layer approaches or reaches the height of the bottom of the first step 1A, the circular first-step mold is placed on the placeholder mold of the nozzle seat brick 4 and the air brick 5. The microporous corundum spinel castable (castable 1) is continued to be used to cast the bottom permanent lining 1 from the hollowed-out position around the circular first-step mold until the casting is completed. The thickness of the layer exceeds the height of the top of the first step 1A; the circular second-step mold is placed on the circular first-step mold, and the bottom permanent lining 1 is continuously poured from the hollowed-out positions around the circular second-step mold until the thickness of the poured layer reaches the height of the top of the second step 1B; the pouring process of the bottom permanent lining 1 is carried out using a wire vibrating rod to assist in vibrating the castable material so that the poured layer of the bottom permanent lining 1 reaches the set density; after the bottom permanent lining 1 is allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 hours, it is demoulded and then cured for 8 hours to obtain the bottom permanent lining 1 having the first step 1A and the second step 1B;

[0065] Table 3 Composition of microporous corundum spinel castable

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] Place the mold of the annular wall permanent lining 11 directly on the second step 1B, and cast the annular wall permanent lining 11 on a portion of the second step 1B of the bottom permanent lining 1 and the outer portion of the second step 1B using a general-purpose high-aluminum castable from bulk material, and perform auxiliary vibration compaction. After the annular wall permanent lining 11 is allowed to stand at room temperature for 12 hours, it is demoulded, and then dried and baked at a temperature not exceeding 500°C for 1-2 days over low heat, and then cooled to room temperature.

[0069] After leveling the bottom surface of the second step 1B of the bottom permanent lining 1, use the shaped bricks to lay the ring working lining 2 on the remaining part of the second step 1B by wet masonry method. During the laying process, pay attention to control the thickness of the grouting mud between the bricks to not exceed 1mm. Until the top masonry is completed, the brick joints are randomly checked during the process until the top masonry is completed.

[0070] After leveling the bottom surface of the first step 1A of the bottom permanent lining 1 with magnesia expanded sand, a ring of surrounding bricks 3 is erected on the first step 1A, and the distance between the surrounding bricks and the ring working lining is controlled at about 50mm;

[0071] Use microporous corundum spinel castable (castable material 2 in Table 3) to cast the bottom lining 6, and at the same time cast the interlayer 7 between the surrounding brick 3 and the ring working lining 2; at the set time, place the triangular fan-shaped top sealing plate shaping mold on the top plane of the placeholder mold of the nozzle seat brick 4, and place the triangular fan-shaped top sealing plate shaping mold close to the surrounding brick 3 and hang on the surrounding brick 3, and continue to cast the bottom lining 6. The casting process of the castable is supplemented by vibration with a vibrating rod (to ensure the compactness of the castable stacking). When the top of the casting layer of the bottom lining 6 is close to the height of the top of the triangular fan-shaped top sealing plate shaping mold, the casting of the bottom lining 6 is completed. After standing at room temperature for 12 hours, demoulding is performed to obtain a concave area 61, a high platform area 63 and a transition area 62; as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, the thickness of the concave area around the nozzle seat brick is 30 cm, and the other areas are high areas with a thickness of 35 cm.

[0072] After the pouring is completed and the bottom lining 6 and the interlayer 7 are obtained, the placeholder mold of the nozzle seat brick 4 and the air brick 5 is removed (the placeholder mold is simple to demould, and the placeholder mold can be formed as a whole or in parts. The split molding is faster and the qualified rate of the nozzle seat brick and the air brick is higher), and the nozzle seat brick 4 and the air brick 5 are built in the original position of the placeholder mold; then, after curing at room temperature for 2 days, the ladle is baked and dried as a whole for use.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency ladle, characterized in that: include: Bottom permanent lining (1), ring wall permanent lining (11), ring working lining (2), surrounding bricks (3), nozzle seat bricks (4), air-permeable bricks (5), bottom lining (6) and interlayer (7); The bottom permanent lining (1) is located at the bottom of the ladle; the top of the outer edge of the bottom permanent lining (1) is a two-step ring-shaped step, and the two-step ring-shaped step includes a first step (1A) and a second step (1B), the first step (1A) is higher than the top of the central part of the bottom permanent lining 1 by a certain height, and the second step (1B) is higher than the top of the first step (1A) by a certain height; A bottom lining (6) is provided on the top of the central portion of the bottom permanent lining (1), and the nozzle seat brick (4) and the air-permeable brick (5) are embedded in the bottom lining (6) and the bottom permanent lining (1) from top to bottom, and the nozzle seat brick (4) and the air-permeable brick (5) are separated by a composite layer of the bottom lining (6) and the bottom permanent lining (1); The area around the top of the nozzle seat brick (4) is lower than the upper surface of the bottom lining (6) to form a concave area (61), and the upper surface of the bottom lining (6) is higher than the area around the top of the nozzle seat brick (4) to form a high platform area (63), and an inclined annular surface transition area (62) is formed between the high platform area (63) and the concave area (61) to connect them; the height difference between the high platform area (63), the transition area (62) and the concave area (61) forms a stepped outer edge of the top of the nozzle seat brick; The nozzle seat brick (4) includes an upper seat brick (42) located at the upper part thereof and a lower seat brick (41) located at the lower part thereof, wherein a funnel-shaped molten steel channel is provided inside the upper seat brick (42), and a trapezoidal molten steel channel is provided inside the lower seat brick (41), wherein the bottom of the funnel-shaped molten steel channel is connected to the top of the trapezoidal molten steel channel, and the funnel-shaped molten steel channel and the trapezoidal molten steel channel are combined to form a molten steel channel capable of gradually changing the flow rate of the molten steel; A plurality of flow dividing weirs (14) with a certain inclination angle are provided on the solid part of the side wall of the lower seat brick (41), and the plurality of flow dividing weirs (14) divide the side wall of the lower seat brick (41) into a plurality of grid areas with concave and convex shapes; The top outer edge of the stepped nozzle seat brick, the molten steel channel capable of gradually changing the flow rate of the molten steel, and the multiple concave-convex grid areas constitute an anti-swirl flow structure; The first step (1A) is built with surrounding bricks (3), and a ring working lining (2) is built on a portion of the second step (1B), with a certain distance between the surrounding bricks (3) and the ring working lining (2); the top surface of the surrounding bricks (3) does not face the brick joints of the ring working lining (2), and the surrounding bricks (3) can cover 2 to 4 layers of brick joints of the ring working lining (2) in the vertical direction; an interlayer (7) is provided between the surrounding bricks (3) and the ring working lining (2); a ring wall permanent lining (11) is built on the remaining portion of the second step (1B) and the edge portion of the bottom permanent lining (1); The inner and outer ring sides of the surrounding brick (3) are both provided with 1 to 3 embedded functional grooves, the outer ring side of the embedded functional groove is embedded in the base lining (6) and the interlayer (7), and the contact surfaces of the base lining (6) and the interlayer (7) with the inner and outer ring sides of the surrounding brick (3) are both provided with structures matching the shape of the embedded functional grooves, and the bottom groove of the inner ring side of the surrounding brick (3) is lower than the bottom groove of the outer ring side of the surrounding brick (3).

2. The high-efficiency ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first step (1A) is 8 to 20 cm higher than the top of the central part of the bottom permanent lining (1), and the second step (1B) is 8 to 15 cm higher than the top of the first step (1A); the total height of the first step (1A) and the second step (1B) is 20 cm to 35 cm.

3. The high-efficiency ladle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spacing between the surrounding bricks (3) and the ring working lining (2) is 5 cm; the height of the surrounding bricks (3) is 22 cm to 56 cm, and the top of the surrounding bricks (3) is at least 30 cm higher than the top of the central part of the bottom permanent lining (1).

4. The high-efficiency ladle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the permanent lining (11) of the annular wall is 4 cm to 10 cm.

5. The high-efficiency ladle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The height difference between the high platform area (63) and the depressed area (61) is 2 to 8 cm, the thickness of the depressed area (61) is 20 to 40 cm, and the height difference between the top of the high platform area (63) and the top of the surrounding brick (3) is more than 3 cm; the depressed area (61) is in the shape of a triangular sector, and the area of the depressed area (61) accounts for 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the total area of the bottom of the ladle; the lower boundary line of the transition area (62) in the shape of an inclined annular surface is at least 10 cm away from its upper boundary line.

6. The high-efficiency ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The embedded functional groove is a convex groove (12) and / or a concave groove (13), and the contact surfaces of the base lining (6) and the interlayer (7) with the inner and outer ring sides of the surrounding brick (3) are both provided with a convex groove (12) and / or a concave groove (13) matching the shape of the embedded functional groove.

7. The high-efficiency ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surrounding bricks (3) are low-carbon machine-pressed bricks or corundum spinel prefabricated bricks.

8. The high-efficiency ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that: 2 to 10 flow-isolating weirs (14) with a certain inclination angle are provided on the solid part of the side wall of the lower seat brick (41).

9. A method for building a high-efficiency ladle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: After placing the occupier mold of the nozzle seat brick (4) and the air brick (5) at the bottom of the ladle, a refractory material is used to cast the bottom permanent lining (1) at the bottom of the ladle. When the thickness of the cast layer approaches or reaches the height of the bottom of the first step (1A), the circular first-step mold is placed on the occupier mold of the nozzle seat brick (4) and the air brick (5), and the bottom permanent lining (1) is continued to be cast from the hollowed-out position around the circular first-step mold until the thickness of the cast layer exceeds the height of the top of the first step (1A); the circular second-step mold is placed on the On the circular first-step mold, the bottom permanent lining (1) is continuously poured from the hollowed-out positions around the periphery of the circular second-step mold until the thickness of the poured layer reaches the height of the top of the second-step (1B); during the entire pouring process of the bottom permanent lining (1), a wire vibrating rod is used to assist in vibrating the castable material so that the poured layer of the bottom permanent lining (1) reaches a set density; after the bottom permanent lining (1) is left to stand at room temperature for 8 to 15 hours, it is demoulded to obtain a bottom permanent lining (1) having a first-step (1A) and a second-step (1B); The mold of the annular wall permanent lining (11) is directly placed on the second step (1B), and the annular wall permanent lining (11) is cast on a part of the second step (1B) of the bottom permanent lining (1) and the peripheral part of the second step (1B). After the annular wall permanent lining (11) is left to stand at room temperature for 12 hours, it is demoulded, and the annular wall permanent lining (11) is dried and baked at a temperature of 300°C for 2 days with a low fire. After keeping the temperature for 1 day, the annular wall permanent lining (11) is cooled to room temperature; After leveling the bottom surface of the second step (1B) of the bottom permanent lining (1), a ring working lining (2) is laid on the remaining portion of the second step (1B) using a wet masonry method using shaped bricks; After leveling the bottom surface of the first step (1A) of the bottom permanent lining (1), bricks (3) are laid on the first step (1A); The bottom lining (6) is poured, and at the same time, the interlayer (7) is poured between the surrounding brick (3) and the ring working lining (2); at a set time, the triangular fan-shaped top sealing plate shaping mold is placed on the top plane of the occupier mold of the nozzle seat brick (4), and the triangular fan-shaped top sealing plate shaping mold is brought close to the surrounding brick (3) and hung on the surrounding brick (3), and the bottom lining (6) is continued to be poured. The pouring process of the casting material is supplemented by vibration of a vibrating rod. When the top of the pouring layer of the bottom lining (6) is close to the height of the top of the triangular fan-shaped top sealing plate shaping mold, the pouring of the bottom lining (6) is completed. After standing at room temperature for 2 to 15 hours, the mold is demoulded to obtain a concave area (61), a high platform area (63) and a transition area (62); After the pouring is completed to obtain the bottom lining (6) and the interlayer (7), the placeholder molds of the nozzle seat bricks (4) and the air bricks (5) are removed, and the nozzle seat bricks (4) and the air bricks (5) are built in the original positions of the placeholder molds.

10. The high-efficiency ladle masonry method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The nozzle seat brick (4) is a seat brick that has been plasticized and dried.

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