Lightning arrester performance evaluation method, system and equipment based on simulation model and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a lightning arrester performance evaluation method, system and device based on a simulation model and a medium, and belongs to the field of lightning impulse analysis, and the method comprises the steps: determining a multi-pulse excitation signal based on lightning data and a preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model; applying the multi-pulse excitation signal to each lightning response simulation model to obtain a first simulation result; determining first key information corresponding to the multi-pulse excitation signal based on the first simulation result, determining second key information corresponding to the monopulse excitation signal based on the second simulation result, and comparing the first key information with the second key information, and determining an electrical performance parameter change result of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the monopulse excitation signal, and evaluating the performance of the lightning arrester based on the electrical performance parameter change result. Therefore, the performance of the lightning arrester can be comprehensively and accurately evaluated by implementing the lightning arrester performance evaluation method and the lightning arrester performance evaluation device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of lightning impulse analysis, and in particular to a lightning arrester performance evaluation method, system, equipment and medium based on a simulation model. Background Art

[0002] Lightning surges are a common natural phenomenon that can cause damage and failure to power equipment. Lightning arresters (such as zinc oxide varistors) are important overvoltage protection devices in power systems. Their primary function is to discharge large amounts of current during lightning surges, thereby protecting power equipment from damage. Therefore, the performance of lightning arresters directly impacts the safety and reliability of transmission lines. By evaluating the performance of lightning arresters, we can ensure their proper operation under lightning surges, avoiding equipment damage and power outages caused by arrester failure. Furthermore, we can quickly locate the fault point and take appropriate remedial measures to minimize the impact on power system operations.

[0003] Although traditional single-pulse excitation signals have been widely used in lightning arrester performance evaluation, natural lightning usually has multi-pulse characteristics, that is, a lightning strike event contains multiple continuous lightning pulses. Therefore, traditional single-pulse simulation cannot accurately test the characteristics of lightning arresters under multi-pulse lightning strikes, and cannot reflect the cumulative effect of multi-pulse excitation signals on lightning arresters, making it difficult to comprehensively and accurately evaluate the performance of lightning arresters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a lightning arrester performance evaluation method, system, equipment and medium based on a simulation model, which can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the performance of the lightning arrester.

[0005] The present invention provides a lightning arrester performance evaluation method based on a simulation model, comprising:

[0006] Acquire lightning data on the transmission line, and determine a multi-pulse excitation signal based on the lightning data and a preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model;

[0007] Constructing a lightning response simulation model corresponding to the transmission line, applying the multi-pulse excitation signal to the lightning response simulation model to obtain a first simulation result, and applying a single-pulse excitation signal to the lightning response simulation model to obtain a second simulation result;

[0008] Based on the first simulation result, the first key information corresponding to the multi-pulse excitation signal is determined, and based on the second simulation result, the second key information corresponding to the single-pulse excitation signal is determined. The first key information and the second key information are compared to determine the change results of the electrical performance parameters of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal, and the performance of the lightning arrester is evaluated based on the change results of the electrical performance parameters.

[0009] The embodiment of the present application utilizes a preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model to simulate the multi-pulse characteristics of natural lightning, and obtains a multi-pulse excitation signal that can truly reflect the impact characteristics of lightning on the transmission line, providing accurate test conditions for subsequent simulations; by performing simulations under multi-pulse excitation signals and single-pulse excitation signals respectively, the performance of the lightning arrester under different lightning conditions can be comprehensively evaluated; by comparing the key information under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal, the performance changes of the lightning arrester under different conditions can be quantified, which helps to accurately discover potential problems of the lightning arrester under the impact of the multi-pulse excitation signal, and then accurately evaluate the performance of the lightning rod. Compared with the prior art, the present application can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the performance of the lightning arrester.

[0010] Furthermore, the multi-pulse excitation signal is determined based on the lightning data and a preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model, specifically:

[0011] Establish the initial multi-pulse excitation signal source model of the transmission line;

[0012] Determine relevant simulation parameters in the initial multi-pulse excitation signal source model based on the lightning data, configure the relevant simulation parameters into the initial multi-pulse excitation signal source model, set the conversion time interval and energy accumulation effect, determine the multi-pulse excitation signal source model, and simulate the lightning data based on the multi-pulse excitation signal source model to generate a multi-pulse excitation signal.

[0013] In this way, by using the preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model, the multi-pulse characteristics of natural lightning can be simulated, and a multi-pulse excitation signal that can truly reflect the impact characteristics of lightning on transmission lines can be obtained. By inputting the actual collected lightning data into the preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model, the credibility of the simulation results can be improved.

[0014] Furthermore, the lightning response simulation model includes one or more combinations of the following: an impact corona model, a Jmarit model, a tower multi-wave impedance model, an insulator string leader model, and an arrester model.

[0015] Furthermore, the electrical performance parameter change result includes an overvoltage comparison result, and the first key information and the second key information are compared to determine the electrical performance parameter change result of the arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal, specifically:

[0016] respectively determining an overvoltage amplitude and an overvoltage time corresponding to the first key information and the second key information;

[0017] Based on the overvoltage amplitude and the overvoltage time, the amplitude difference and the time difference between the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal are determined, wherein the overvoltage comparison result includes the amplitude difference and the time difference.

[0018] In this way, by comparing the overvoltage amplitude and time under multi-pulse excitation signals and single-pulse excitation signals, it is convenient to quantify the voltage limiting capability, response speed and energy absorption capability of the lightning arrester.

[0019] Furthermore, the time difference includes: a rise time difference, a maximum value reaching time difference, and an overvoltage duration difference. The performance of the arrester is evaluated based on the change results of the electrical performance parameters, specifically:

[0020] determining a voltage limiting capability of the arrester based on the amplitude difference;

[0021] Determining the response speed of the arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal based on the rise time difference and the maximum value reaching time difference;

[0022] The energy absorption capacity of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal is determined based on the overvoltage duration difference.

[0023] In this way, the amplitude difference and time difference can be used to accurately quantify the voltage limiting capability, response speed and energy absorption capacity of the lightning arrester. Potential problems can also be discovered, providing specific directions for optimizing design and improving performance, thereby improving the lightning protection performance of transmission lines and the safety of power systems.

[0024] Another embodiment of the present invention further provides a lightning arrester performance evaluation system based on a simulation model, comprising: a first simulation module, a second simulation module and an evaluation module:

[0025] The first simulation module is used to obtain lightning data on the transmission line and determine the multi-pulse excitation signal based on the lightning data and a preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model;

[0026] The second simulation module is configured to construct a lightning response simulation model corresponding to the transmission line, apply the multi-pulse excitation signal to the lightning response simulation model to obtain a first simulation result, and apply a single-pulse excitation signal to the lightning response simulation model to obtain a second simulation result;

[0027] The evaluation module is used to determine the first key information corresponding to the multi-pulse excitation signal based on the first simulation result, determine the second key information corresponding to the single-pulse excitation signal based on the second simulation result, and compare the first key information and the second key information to determine the change results of the electrical performance parameters of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal, and evaluate the performance of the lightning arrester based on the electrical performance parameter change results.

[0028] The embodiment of the present application utilizes a preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model to simulate the multi-pulse characteristics of natural lightning, and obtains a multi-pulse excitation signal that can truly reflect the impact characteristics of lightning on the transmission line, providing accurate test conditions for subsequent simulations; by performing simulations under multi-pulse excitation signals and single-pulse excitation signals respectively, the performance of the lightning arrester under different lightning conditions can be comprehensively evaluated; by comparing the key information under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal, the performance changes of the lightning arrester under different conditions can be quantified, which helps to accurately discover potential problems of the lightning arrester under the impact of the multi-pulse excitation signal, and then accurately evaluate the performance of the lightning rod. Compared with the prior art, the present application can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the performance of the lightning arrester.

[0029] Furthermore, the electrical performance parameter change result includes an overvoltage comparison result, and the evaluation module includes an acquisition unit and a comparison unit, specifically:

[0030] The acquisition unit is configured to respectively determine an overvoltage amplitude and an overvoltage time corresponding to the first key information and the second key information;

[0031] The comparison unit is used to determine the amplitude difference and time difference between the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal based on the overvoltage amplitude and the overvoltage time, wherein the overvoltage comparison result includes the amplitude difference and the time difference.

[0032] Furthermore, the time difference includes: a rise time difference, a maximum value reaching time difference, and an overvoltage duration difference, and the evaluation module further includes a first evaluation unit, a second evaluation unit, and a third evaluation unit, specifically:

[0033] The first evaluation unit is configured to determine a voltage limiting capability of the arrester based on the amplitude difference;

[0034] The second evaluation unit is used to determine the response speed of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal based on the rise time difference and the maximum value reaching time difference;

[0035] The third evaluation unit is configured to determine the energy absorption capacity of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal based on the overvoltage duration difference.

[0036] Another embodiment of the present invention further provides a terminal device, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the lightning arrester performance evaluation method based on the simulation model of the present invention are implemented.

[0037] Another embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium item, comprising: a stored computer program, which controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to execute the steps of the lightning arrester performance evaluation method based on the simulation model of the present invention when the computer program is running. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the implementation. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation methods of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating arrester performance based on a simulation model provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a simulation waveform diagram of a multi-pulse excitation signal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of a power transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 4 is a volt-second characteristic curve of the insulator string model provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of establishing a tower multi-wave impedance model provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of a lightning arrester performance evaluation system based on a simulation model provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application more clear, the technical solutions in this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0048] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0049] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0050] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0051] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.

[0052] Lightning surges are common natural phenomena that can cause damage and failure to power equipment. Lightning arresters are important overvoltage protection devices in power systems. Their main function is to discharge lightning surge currents and protect power equipment from damage. The performance of lightning arresters directly affects the safety and reliability of transmission lines. By evaluating the performance of lightning arresters, it is possible to ensure that they operate normally under lightning surges, avoid equipment damage and power outages, and quickly locate the fault point to reduce the impact on the power system. Although traditional single-pulse excitation signals are widely used in lightning arrester performance evaluation, since natural lightning usually has multi-pulse characteristics, single-pulse simulations cannot accurately test the characteristics of lightning arresters under multi-pulse lightning strikes, nor can they reflect the cumulative effect of multi-pulse excitation signals on lightning arresters, making it difficult to comprehensively and accurately evaluate the performance of lightning arresters.

[0053] See also Figure 1 To solve the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to comprehensively and accurately evaluate the performance of a lightning arrester, an embodiment of the present invention provides a lightning arrester performance evaluation method based on a simulation model, comprising:

[0054] Step S101, obtaining lightning data on the transmission line, and determining a multi-pulse excitation signal based on the lightning data and a preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model;

[0055] In some embodiments, lightning data on the transmission line is obtained by using a high-precision lightning sensor or an online monitoring system with a sampling interval of 25 ns (sampling frequency 4×10 7 Hz) records lightning activity data on transmission lines, with each acquisition covering 5 power frequency cycles (20ms). The lightning data includes lightning current amplitude and waveform characteristics.

[0056] It should be noted that the sampling interval, sampling frequency, etc. can be set as needed and are not limited in this application.

[0057] In some embodiments, after obtaining lightning data, it is necessary to compare and verify the lightning data with the lightning location system (LLS). By comparing the lightning activity time recorded by the sensor with the time recorded by the LLS, if the time difference between the two is within the millisecond range, it is considered to be the same lightning activity, thereby verifying the authenticity of the collected data.

[0058] In some embodiments, it is also necessary to perform a lightning current amplitude probability distribution analysis on the collected lightning data, extract key parameters (including lightning current amplitude, wavefront time (1-10μs), wave tail time (20-200μs), maximum steepness (kA / μs), etc.), and analyze whether its probability distribution is consistent with the probability distribution recommended by my country's power industry standard DL / T620-1997 or the IEEE standard. If the probability distribution of the measured lightning data is basically consistent with the standard probability distribution, it is confirmed that the collected lightning data is authentic and has reference value. Once the authenticity is confirmed, the simulation parameters of the multi-pulse excitation signal model can be set based on this.

[0059] It should be noted that the lightning location system (LLS) can monitor the lightning strikes on transmission lines in real time and record parameters such as the time of lightning occurrence, current size, and number of lightning strikes.

[0060] In some embodiments, determining the multi-pulse excitation signal based on the lightning data and a preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model includes: establishing an initial multi-pulse excitation signal source model of the transmission line; determining relevant simulation parameters in the initial multi-pulse excitation signal source model according to the lightning data, configuring the relevant simulation parameters into the initial multi-pulse excitation signal source model, setting the conversion time interval and energy accumulation effect, determining the multi-pulse excitation signal source model, and simulating the lightning data based on the multi-pulse excitation signal source model to generate a multi-pulse excitation signal. Specifically, first, the Heidler model is used as the initial multi-pulse excitation signal source model of the transmission line to simulate the multi-pulse characteristics of natural lightning, supporting waveforms such as double exponential waves or Heidler waves; second, the relevant simulation parameters in the initial multi-pulse excitation signal source model are determined based on the measured lightning data, wherein the relevant simulation parameters may include but are not limited to parameters such as the wavefront time, wave tail time and rise steepness of the lightning current, so as to more accurately reflect the characteristics of natural lightning; then, in the initial multi-pulse excitation signal source model, the pulse interval (20-200ms) of natural lightning is converted to 20μs according to the adiabatic process principle to simulate the rapid continuity of lightning impulses, the lightning channel wave impedance is selected (300Ω for direct lightning strikes and 800Ω for indirect lightning strikes), and the energy accumulation of the multi-pulse excitation signal on the electrical equipment is converted into the accumulation of voltage, so as to more accurately simulate the impact of lightning impulses in the simulation, thereby determining the multi-pulse excitation signal source model; finally, the lightning data is simulated based on the determined multi-pulse excitation signal source model to generate a multi-pulse excitation signal.

[0061] It should be noted that the multi-pulse excitation signal is actually a combination of multiple single-pulse excitation signals. When the multi-pulse excitation signal waveform established with an interval of 40ms is used for simulation, the overvoltage of each pulse acting on the transmission line is independent and has no relationship with each other. On the one hand, this is because the simulation software itself does not consider the impact of the multi-pulse excitation signal impact. On the other hand, because the time interval is very short, a complete multi-pulse excitation signal overshoot is less than 200ms. The heat generated by the excessive current cannot be dissipated in time on the electrical equipment. Therefore, this process can be regarded as an adiabatic process, that is, the accumulation of energy is converted into the accumulation of voltage. When establishing the model, the time interval of the multi-pulse excitation signal is reduced from 40ms to 20us. The simulation waveform of the multi-pulse excitation signal is shown in Figure 2 shown.

[0062] It should be noted that the multi-pulse excitation signal source model has the following advantages. First, by adjusting the model's parameter settings, it can reproduce lightning strikes ranging from short intervals (e.g., 1μs) to long intervals (e.g., 999ms) with a control accuracy of ±1μs, thereby more realistically reflecting the process of lightning impact on transmission lines. For example, when simulating multi-pulse excitation signal strikes, the multi-pulse excitation signal source model can output different types of waveforms, such as double exponential waves and Heidler waves, to meet different experimental requirements, providing diverse data support for studying the response of transmission lines under different lightning conditions. Second, the multi-pulse excitation signal source model can flexibly adjust parameters such as lightning current amplitude, wavefront time, and wavetail time based on actual lightning data or research needs. This dynamic adjustment capability enables the model to adapt to changes in lightning characteristics in different regions, seasons, and terrain conditions, thereby more accurately assessing the withstand capability of transmission lines in various complex lightning environments. Third, the multi-pulse excitation signal source model can quickly capture and record the response data of transmission lines under lightning strikes, maintaining high responsiveness even under high-frequency lightning strikes. Through built-in data processing algorithms, the model can analyze key parameters such as overvoltage, insulator string flashover, and arrester operation in real time, effectively improving research efficiency. For example, the model can automatically record data such as the peak overvoltage, duration, and number of insulator string flashovers of the transmission line under each lightning strike, and store it in the central processing unit for subsequent data analysis and status assessment. Fourth, compared with traditional experimental methods, the multi-pulse excitation signal source model does not require the construction of complex physical experimental equipment, avoiding potential safety risks and high costs during the experimental process. Through computer simulation, a large number of simulation tests under different conditions can be completed in a short period of time, greatly reducing research costs. For example, the multi-pulse excitation signal source model can simulate the lightning response of transmission lines under different voltage levels, different line structures, and different lightning protection measures without actually building multiple different transmission line models for experiments, saving a lot of time and resources. Fifth, the multi-pulse excitation signal source model can provide a scientific basis for the design of lightning protection measures for transmission lines. Through detailed analysis of the responses of transmission lines to overvoltage, insulator string flashover, and arrester action under the impact of multi-pulse excitation signals, the effectiveness of existing lightning protection measures can be evaluated more accurately, and guidance can be provided for improving and optimizing lightning protection measures. For example, the model can simulate the lightning response of transmission lines after installing different types of lightning arresters (such as gapless zinc oxide lightning arresters, series gap zinc oxide lightning arresters, etc.), thereby helping to determine the most suitable lightning arrester type and installation location, and improving the lightning protection performance of transmission lines.Sixth, the multi-pulse excitation signal source model can monitor the state changes of transmission lines under lightning strikes in real time. By comparing the set thresholds and actual response data, it can provide early warning of possible faults such as insulator string flashover and lightning arrester damage. At the same time, the detailed data recorded by the multi-pulse excitation signal source model also provides strong support for fault diagnosis, helping to quickly locate the fault point and take corresponding treatment measures. For example, the model can determine in real time whether the transmission line is in a dangerous state based on the set overvoltage threshold and issue a warning signal. Once a fault occurs, the lightning strike parameters and line response data recorded by the model can help technicians quickly analyze the cause of the fault, shorten the fault handling time, and reduce the impact on the operation of the power system. Seventh, the research results of the multi-pulse excitation signal source model can provide important data support for the formulation and revision of transmission line lightning protection design standards. Through in-depth analysis of the transmission line response to multi-pulse excitation signal impacts, the safety margin and performance requirements of lightning protection measures can be more accurately determined, thereby promoting the continuous improvement of relevant standards. For example, the model can provide a scientific basis for determining parameters such as the rated voltage and current capacity of transmission line lightning arresters, helping to formulate more reasonable lightning arrester selection standards and improve the overall lightning protection level of the power system. Eighth, the establishment and application of the multi-pulse excitation signal source model can inspire new ideas for the research and development of lightning protection technology. Through in-depth research on the transmission line response to multi-pulse excitation signal impacts, the shortcomings of existing lightning protection technology can be identified, thereby promoting the development and application of new technologies such as new lightning protection materials, new lightning arrester structures, and intelligent lightning protection systems. For example, the model can provide a platform for studying the performance of new series-gap zinc oxide lightning arresters. By simulating the lightning arrester response under different parameters such as gap resistance and gap distance, it provides guidance for the design and optimization of new lightning arresters, promoting the continuous innovation and development of lightning protection technology.

[0063] In this way, by using the preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model, the multi-pulse characteristics of natural lightning can be simulated, and a multi-pulse excitation signal that can truly reflect the impact characteristics of lightning on transmission lines can be obtained. By inputting the actual collected lightning data into the preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model, the credibility of the simulation results can be improved.

[0064] Step S102: constructing a lightning response simulation model corresponding to the transmission line, applying the multi-pulse excitation signal to the lightning response simulation model to obtain a first simulation result, and applying a single-pulse excitation signal to the lightning response simulation model to obtain a second simulation result;

[0065] In some embodiments, the lightning response simulation model includes one or more combinations of the following: an impulse corona model, a Jmarit model, a tower multi-wave impedance model, an insulator string leader model, and a lightning arrester model. By integrating these models, the process of lightning striking a transmission line can be fully simulated.

[0066] It should be noted that the equivalent circuit diagram of the transmission line is as follows Figure 3 As shown, in the figure, the parallel capacitance per unit length is C0, and the parallel admittance per unit length is G o , the series resistance per unit length is R0, and the series inductance per unit length is L0.

[0067] It should be noted that the multi-pulse excitation signal source model in step S101 can provide a multi-pulse excitation signal for the lightning response simulation model. Thereafter, the multi-pulse excitation signal will serve as a power source for the lightning response simulation model.

[0068] In some embodiments, the lightning response simulation model comprehensively simulates the process of lightning impact transmission line as follows: the impact corona model can take into account the corona effect of lightning waves during the propagation of transmission lines. Since the impact corona model is closely related to the transmission line, when the lightning wave (i.e., the multi-pulse excitation signal) propagates in the transmission line, if the line voltage exceeds the corona initiation voltage, the impact corona model begins to work. It changes the capacitance characteristics of the line by simulating the generation and development of corona, thereby affecting the propagation speed, amplitude attenuation and waveform distortion of the lightning overvoltage. The Jmarit model in which the line impedance changes with frequency takes into account the frequency-varying characteristics of the line parameters and can accurately simulate the attenuation and deformation of the lightning overvoltage wave when propagating on the transmission line. Since the frequency component of the lightning wave (i.e., the multi-pulse excitation signal) is complex, it will deform and attenuate due to the change of line parameters with frequency when propagating on the line. The Jmarit model can accurately simulate this situation and work in conjunction with the impact corona model to more comprehensively reflect the changes in the electrical characteristics of the transmission line under lightning impact. The tower multi-wave impedance model considers the tower's wave impedance characteristics under lightning strikes. When lightning strikes a tower, the tower's wave impedance affects the propagation of lightning overvoltage on the tower, which in turn affects the voltage distribution on the transmission line. The tower multi-wave impedance model is interconnected with the transmission line model to transmit the tower's influence to the transmission line. The insulator string leader model works closely with the tower multi-wave impedance model and the transmission line model. When a tower is struck by lightning, the voltage difference across the insulator string increases. The insulator string leader model determines whether a flashover has occurred based on the voltage across the two ends and the leader's development length. If a flashover occurs, it changes the electrical connection of the transmission line, affecting the overvoltage distribution of the entire system. This change is then fed back to the transmission line model and the tower multi-wave impedance model. The arrester model is connected to the transmission line model and plays a protective role under lightning strikes. When overvoltage occurs in the line, the arrester operates according to its volt-ampere characteristics and set parameters to limit the overvoltage amplitude. Under the impact of multi-pulse excitation signals, the arrester withstands multiple overvoltage shocks, and its operating state and performance will affect the voltage change of the transmission line. The operation of the arrester model will also interact with other models to jointly reflect the operating status of the transmission line when it is protected by the arrester.

[0069] In some embodiments, a lightning response simulation model of a transmission line can be established by using ATP-EMTP (Electromagnetic Transient Simulation Program) software to simulate the response of the transmission line under the impact of a multi-pulse excitation signal. The specific establishment process is not the focus of this application and will not be expanded here.

[0070] It should be noted that the establishment process of the lightning response simulation model is as follows: (1) The impact corona model: A diode plus capacitor model is used to simulate the impact of impact corona on the transmission line. When the line voltage exceeds the corona inception voltage, the generation and development process of corona is simulated. (2) Jmarit model: Consider the characteristics of line parameters changing with frequency. According to the geometric parameters and electrical parameters of the transmission line (such as conductor type, arrangement method, lightning protection line type, etc.), the LCC module is selected in EMTP for setting. (3) Tower multi-wave impedance model: The multi-wave impedance model is used to simulate the electrical characteristics of the tower. According to the structural parameters of the tower (such as height, height of cross arm to ground, conductor spacing, etc.), the wave impedance of each part of the tower is calculated, including the wave impedance of the main material, diagonal material and cross arm. The influence of the tower support is considered in the model. A wave impedance representing the tower support is connected in parallel next to the main wave impedance. Its size is calculated according to the formula. The transmission line length is 1.5 times that of the main part. (4) Insulator string model: The pilot method is used to establish the insulator string flashover model. According to the regulation method and the IEEE recommended insulator string model, the volt-second characteristic curve is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the parameters such as the leader development coefficient and the leader starting field strength are inferred. In the simulation, the voltage at both ends of the insulator string and the leader development length are used to determine whether the insulator string flashes. When the leader development length is greater than the length of the gap at both ends of the insulator string, the insulator string flashes. (5) Lightning arrester model: Based on the "Technical Specifications for 220kV Zinc Oxide Lightning Arrester" and the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the lightning arrester, a lightning arrester model is established. The MOA model is selected for simulation in the EMTP, and the rated voltage is set to 204kV and the reference voltage is set to 408kV.

[0071] It should be noted that the schematic diagram of establishing the tower multi-wave impedance model is as follows Figure 5 As shown, where h k is the height of each phase cross arm to the ground, r tk is the top radius of a single conductor, R TK R is the distance between the top adjacent conductors of multiple conductors. B is the spacing between adjacent conductors at the bottom of the conductor system, rB is the equivalent radius of the bottom of a single conductor; Z AK Corresponding to the wave impedance of the cross arm, Z TK is the equivalent wave impedance of the trunk part, Z LK is the equivalent wave impedance of the bracket part.

[0072] In some embodiments, the multi-pulse excitation signal is applied to the lightning response simulation model to obtain a first simulation result. After the lightning response simulation model is determined, the multi-pulse excitation signal generated in step S101 is applied to the lightning response simulation model, and the first simulation result is recorded when a direct stroke and a shielding failure occur to the transmission line under the impact of the multi-pulse excitation signal.

[0073] In some embodiments, a single pulse excitation signal is applied to the lightning response simulation model to obtain a second simulation result. After the lightning response simulation model is determined, a single pulse excitation signal (or the number of pulses of a multi-pulse excitation signal is set to 1) can be directly applied to the lightning response simulation model, and the second simulation result is recorded when a direct stroke and a shielding failure occur to the transmission line under the impact of the multi-pulse excitation signal.

[0074] It should be noted that both the first simulation result and the second simulation result include overvoltage data, current data, insulator string flashover data and arrester action data. Among them, for voltage data, under the impact of single-pulse and multi-pulse excitation signals, whether it is direct or bypassing, the voltage amplitude of each phase of the line will change significantly, and the voltage rise time and the time to reach the maximum value are also very important. These time data can help analyze the development speed of lightning overvoltage; for current data, the magnitude and change of the current flowing through the line are important data. Under the impact of multi-pulse excitation signals, by recording the current value under each pulse, the change law of the current can be understood. These data are of great significance for analyzing the energy transmission of the line and the working status of the arrester; for insulator string flashover data, In other words, whether the insulator string flashes and when the flashover occurs are key response data. Under the impact of single-pulse and multi-pulse excitation signals, when the voltage across the insulator string exceeds its withstand voltage, flashover occurs. This data reflects the changes in the line insulation performance under lightning impulses. As for the arrester action data, under the impact of a single-pulse excitation signal, when the line voltage reaches the arrester's action voltage, the arrester begins to operate to limit the overvoltage. Under the impact of a multi-pulse excitation signal, after the arrester operates, the voltage is limited to a certain amplitude, and under subsequent pulse impacts, the limited amplitude and duration will change. These data can be used to evaluate the protective effectiveness of the arrester under the impact of a multi-pulse excitation signal.

[0075] Step S103: determine the first key information corresponding to the multi-pulse excitation signal based on the first simulation result, determine the second key information corresponding to the single-pulse excitation signal based on the second simulation result, and compare the first key information with the second key information to determine the change results of the electrical performance parameters of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal, and evaluate the performance of the lightning arrester based on the change results of the electrical performance parameters.

[0076] In some embodiments, the first key information corresponding to the multi-pulse excitation signal is determined based on the first simulation result, and the second key information corresponding to the single-pulse excitation signal is determined based on the second simulation result. Specifically, the first key information and the second key information are correspondingly extracted from the first simulation result and the second simulation result, respectively, wherein the first key information and the second key information both include overvoltage data (including amplitude and duration, etc.), current data and lightning arrester action data.

[0077] In some embodiments, the electrical performance parameter change result includes an overvoltage comparison result, and the first key information and the second key information are compared to determine the electrical performance parameter change result of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal, specifically: respectively determining the overvoltage amplitude and overvoltage time corresponding to the first key information and the second key information; based on the overvoltage amplitude and the overvoltage time, determining the amplitude difference and time difference under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal, wherein the overvoltage comparison result includes the amplitude difference and the time difference. Specifically: based on the first key information, determine the overvoltage amplitude of each phase of the transmission line under the multi-pulse excitation signal, and record the rise time, time to reach the maximum value and duration of the overvoltage; based on the second key information, determine the overvoltage amplitude of each phase of the transmission line under the single-pulse excitation signal, and record the rise time, time to reach the maximum value and duration of the overvoltage; then, calculate the overvoltage amplitude difference and time difference under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal for each phase; then, calculate the difference in overvoltage rise time under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal, calculate the difference in time for the overvoltage to reach the maximum value under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal, calculate the difference in overvoltage duration under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal to determine the time difference, and record the amplitude difference and time difference of each phase.

[0078] It should be noted that the formula for calculating the amplitude difference is: Amplitude difference = Multi-pulse amplitude - Single-pulse amplitude. Time difference includes rise time difference, time difference to reach maximum value, and duration difference. The relevant calculation formulas are: Rise time difference = Multi-pulse rise time - Single-pulse rise time, Time difference to reach maximum value = Multi-pulse maximum value time - Single-pulse maximum value time, and Duration difference = Multi-pulse duration - Single-pulse duration.

[0079] It should be noted that the electrical performance parameter change results include overvoltage comparison results, current comparison results and absorbed energy comparison results.

[0080] In this way, by comparing the overvoltage amplitude and time under multi-pulse excitation signals and single-pulse excitation signals, it is convenient to quantify the voltage limiting capability, response speed and energy absorption capability of the lightning arrester.

[0081] It should be noted that when evaluating arrester performance, it is necessary to consider whether the line is equipped with an arrester, using line voltage data, current data, and arrester operation data. By comparing the overvoltage data of the line with and without the arrester installed, the arrester's limiting effect can be intuitively evaluated. By comparing the lightning overvoltage and overcurrent limitations before and after the addition of the arrester, it can be determined whether safety standards can be met after the addition of the arrester. At the same time, the arrester's operation data and the amount of energy absorbed can be observed to determine whether the arrester was damaged before and after the lightning strike to evaluate the arrester's performance.

[0082] In some embodiments, the performance of the lightning arrester is evaluated based on the change in the electrical performance parameter, specifically by: determining the voltage limiting capability of the lightning arrester based on the amplitude difference; determining the response speed of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal based on the rise time difference and the time difference to reach the maximum value; and determining the energy absorption capacity of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal based on the overvoltage duration difference. Specifically, the amplitude difference directly reflects the voltage limiting effect of the lightning arrester under the impact of the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal. If the overvoltage amplitude under the multi-pulse excitation signal is significantly higher than the amplitude under the single-pulse excitation signal, it indicates that the voltage limiting capability of the lightning arrester under the impact of the multi-pulse excitation signal is poor. The rise time difference and the time difference to reach the maximum value can quantify the response speed of the lightning arrester under the impact of the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal. If the rise time under the multi-pulse excitation signal is longer, it indicates that the response speed of the lightning arrester is higher. The speed of the response directly affects whether the lightning arrester can limit the overvoltage in time and protect the transmission line. A slower response speed may cause the overvoltage to damage the equipment before the lightning arrester operates. The overvoltage duration difference can quantify the energy absorption capacity of the lightning arrester under the impact of multi-pulse excitation signals and single-pulse excitation signals. If the duration under the multi-pulse excitation signal is longer, it means that the lightning arrester needs to absorb more energy, which may affect its long-term reliability. In addition, the duration difference can also help evaluate the thermal stability of the lightning arrester. A longer duration may cause the lightning arrester temperature to rise, affecting its performance and life.

[0083] For example, in the simulation of lightning overvoltage under counter-strike, when a single-pulse excitation signal impacts and the line is not equipped with a lightning arrester, the maximum voltage of phase A can reach 943.36kV; after the lightning arrester is installed, the maximum voltage of phase A is 830.45kV. When a multi-pulse excitation signal impacts, the maximum voltage of phase A of the line without a lightning arrester is 1.7446MV. After the lightning arrester is installed, the voltage is limited to 810.17kV. These data clearly demonstrate the effect of the lightning arrester on limiting the overvoltage amplitude. Therefore, it is shown that when a lightning arrester is installed on the line under the impact of a multi-pulse excitation signal, the overvoltage duration will change. Compared with the impact of a single-pulse excitation signal, the overvoltage duration under the impact of a multi-pulse excitation signal is significantly extended. For example, during a counter-strike, the single-pulse overvoltage duration is only 30us, while the multi-pulse overvoltage duration is 90us. This change reflects the working state of the lightning arrester under multi-pulse impact and its ability to suppress overvoltage.

[0084] It is important to note that the simulated overvoltage data must be compared with 220kV lightning overvoltage data measured at an actual substation to verify the simulation model's relevance. Using lightning response simulation models can provide a scientific basis for lightning protection design for transmission lines, as well as the selection and installation of lightning arresters, thereby improving the lightning protection level and operational stability of power systems.

[0085] In this way, the amplitude difference and time difference can be used to accurately quantify the voltage limiting capability, response speed and energy absorption capacity of the lightning arrester. Potential problems can also be discovered, providing specific directions for optimizing design and improving performance, thereby improving the lightning protection performance of transmission lines and the safety of power systems.

[0086] It should be noted that the electrical performance parameter change results also include current comparison results, specifically: under the impact of multiple pulse excitation signals, measure the current size under each pulse. For example, the current values under each pulse are different during counterattacks. Through these current data, the energy absorption of the lightning arrester under different pulses can be analyzed, and the energy absorbed by the lightning arrester under the impact of multiple pulse excitation signals can be calculated. By calculating the energy absorbed by the lightning arrester under different pulses, its energy tolerance under multiple pulse impacts can be judged. If the energy absorbed by the lightning arrester under multiple pulse impacts is too large and cannot be dissipated in time, its protection may fail. For example, under a 5-pulse lightning impact, it is calculated that all the energy of the multiple pulses is absorbed by the valve plate resistance. This helps to evaluate the performance of the lightning arrester under the impact of multiple pulse excitation signals.

[0087] It should be noted that the electrical performance parameter change results also include the absorption energy comparison results. In this case, the corresponding arrester absorption energy is obtained directly from the first key information and the second key information, and the energy absorbed by the arrester under different pulses (multi-pulse excitation signal and single-pulse excitation signal) is compared to determine whether the arrester has failed. Assuming that all the energy of the multi-pulse excitation signal is absorbed by the valve plate resistance, the total energy and the energy absorbed by the valve plate under different pulse numbers can be obtained, thereby determining the performance of the arrester under the impact of the multi-pulse excitation signal.

[0088] The embodiment of the present application utilizes a preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model to simulate the multi-pulse characteristics of natural lightning, and obtains a multi-pulse excitation signal that can truly reflect the impact characteristics of lightning on the transmission line, providing accurate test conditions for subsequent simulations; by performing simulations under multi-pulse excitation signals and single-pulse excitation signals respectively, the performance of the lightning arrester under different lightning conditions can be comprehensively evaluated; by comparing the key information under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal, the performance changes of the lightning arrester under different conditions can be quantified, which helps to accurately discover potential problems of the lightning arrester under the impact of the multi-pulse excitation signal, and then accurately evaluate the performance of the lightning rod. Compared with the prior art, the present application can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the performance of the lightning arrester.

[0089] like Figure 6 As shown, based on the above method embodiment, a corresponding device embodiment is provided;

[0090] An embodiment of the present invention provides a lightning arrester performance evaluation system based on a simulation model, comprising: a first simulation module 100, a second simulation module 200 and an evaluation module 300:

[0091] The first simulation module 100 is used to obtain lightning data on the transmission line and determine the multi-pulse excitation signal based on the lightning data and a preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model;

[0092] The second simulation module 200 is configured to construct a lightning response simulation model corresponding to the transmission line, apply the multi-pulse excitation signal to the lightning response simulation model to obtain a first simulation result, and apply a single-pulse excitation signal to the lightning response simulation model to obtain a second simulation result;

[0093] The evaluation module 300 is used to determine the first key information corresponding to the multi-pulse excitation signal based on the first simulation result, determine the second key information corresponding to the single-pulse excitation signal based on the second simulation result, and compare the first key information and the second key information to determine the change results of the electrical performance parameters of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal, and evaluate the performance of the lightning arrester based on the electrical performance parameter change results.

[0094] In some embodiments, the electrical performance parameter change results include overvoltage comparison results, and the evaluation module 300 includes an acquisition unit and a comparison unit, specifically: the acquisition unit is used to respectively determine the overvoltage amplitude and overvoltage time corresponding to the first key information and the second key information; the comparison unit is used to determine the amplitude difference and time difference under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal based on the overvoltage amplitude and the overvoltage time, wherein the overvoltage comparison result includes the amplitude difference and the time difference.

[0095] In some embodiments, the time difference includes: a rise time difference, a time difference to reach a maximum value, and an overvoltage duration difference. The evaluation module 300 also includes a first evaluation unit, a second evaluation unit, and a third evaluation unit, specifically: the first evaluation unit is used to determine the voltage limiting capability of the lightning arrester based on the amplitude difference; the second evaluation unit is used to determine the response speed of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal based on the rise time difference and the time difference to reach a maximum value; the third evaluation unit is used to determine the energy absorption capability of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal based on the overvoltage duration difference.

[0096] It can be understood that the above-mentioned device embodiment corresponds to the method embodiment of the present invention, which can implement any one of the above-mentioned method embodiments of the present invention to provide a lightning arrester performance evaluation method based on a simulation model.

[0097] It should be noted that the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment. Furthermore, in the drawings of the device embodiments provided by the present invention, the connection relationship between modules indicates that they have a communication connection, which may be implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement the present invention without inventive effort.

[0098] Based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the lightning arrester performance evaluation method based on the simulation model, another embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the lightning arrester performance evaluation method based on the simulation model of any embodiment of the present invention is implemented.

[0099] For example, in this embodiment, the computer program may be divided into one or more modules, which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to implement the present invention. The one or more module elements may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions, and the instruction segments are used to describe the execution process of the computer program in the terminal device.

[0100] The terminal device may be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a PDA, a cloud server, etc. The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory.

[0101] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The processor is the control center of the terminal device, connecting various parts of the entire terminal device using various interfaces and lines.

[0102] Based on the above-mentioned method embodiments, another embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, including a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the lightning arrester performance evaluation method based on the simulation model described in any one of the above-mentioned method embodiments of the present invention.

[0103] Wherein, the module / unit integrated in the device / terminal equipment, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the present invention implements all or part of the process in the above-mentioned embodiment method, and can also be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, it can implement the steps of the above-mentioned various method embodiments. Wherein, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in source code form, object code form, executable file or some intermediate form. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device that can carry the computer program code, recording medium, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium, etc.

[0104] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightning arrester performance evaluation method based on a simulation model, characterized in that: include: Acquire lightning data on the transmission line, and determine a multi-pulse excitation signal based on the lightning data and a preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model; Constructing a lightning response simulation model corresponding to the transmission line, applying the multi-pulse excitation signal to the lightning response simulation model to obtain a first simulation result, and applying a single-pulse excitation signal to the lightning response simulation model to obtain a second simulation result; Based on the first simulation result, the first key information corresponding to the multi-pulse excitation signal is determined, and based on the second simulation result, the second key information corresponding to the single-pulse excitation signal is determined. The first key information and the second key information are compared to determine the change results of the electrical performance parameters of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal, and the performance of the lightning arrester is evaluated based on the change results of the electrical performance parameters.

2. The method for evaluating arrester performance based on a simulation model according to claim 1, wherein: The determining of the multi-pulse excitation signal based on the lightning data and a preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model is specifically as follows: Establish the initial multi-pulse excitation signal source model of the transmission line; Determine relevant simulation parameters in the initial multi-pulse excitation signal source model based on the lightning data, configure the relevant simulation parameters into the initial multi-pulse excitation signal source model, set the conversion time interval and energy accumulation effect, determine the multi-pulse excitation signal source model, and simulate the lightning data based on the multi-pulse excitation signal source model to generate a multi-pulse excitation signal.

3. The arrester performance evaluation method based on the simulation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightning response simulation model includes one or more combinations of the following: an impact corona model, a Jmarit model, a tower multi-wave impedance model, an insulator string leader model, and an arrester model.

4. The method for evaluating arrester performance based on a simulation model according to claim 1, wherein: The electrical performance parameter change result includes an overvoltage comparison result, and the first key information and the second key information are compared to determine the electrical performance parameter change result of the arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal, specifically: respectively determining an overvoltage amplitude and an overvoltage time corresponding to the first key information and the second key information; Based on the overvoltage amplitude and the overvoltage time, the amplitude difference and the time difference between the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal are determined, wherein the overvoltage comparison result includes the amplitude difference and the time difference.

5. The arrester performance evaluation method based on simulation model according to claim 4, characterized in that: The time difference includes: rise time difference, maximum time difference and overvoltage duration difference. The performance of the arrester is evaluated based on the change results of the electrical performance parameters, specifically: determining a voltage limiting capability of the arrester based on the amplitude difference; Determining the response speed of the arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal based on the rise time difference and the maximum value reaching time difference; The energy absorption capacity of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal is determined based on the overvoltage duration difference.

6. A lightning arrester performance evaluation system based on a simulation model, characterized in that: include: First simulation module, second simulation module and evaluation module: The first simulation module is used to obtain lightning data on the transmission line and determine the multi-pulse excitation signal based on the lightning data and a preset multi-pulse excitation signal source model; The second simulation module is configured to construct a lightning response simulation model corresponding to the transmission line, apply the multi-pulse excitation signal to the lightning response simulation model to obtain a first simulation result, and apply a single-pulse excitation signal to the lightning response simulation model to obtain a second simulation result; The evaluation module is used to determine the first key information corresponding to the multi-pulse excitation signal based on the first simulation result, determine the second key information corresponding to the single-pulse excitation signal based on the second simulation result, and compare the first key information and the second key information to determine the change results of the electrical performance parameters of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal, and evaluate the performance of the lightning arrester based on the electrical performance parameter change results.

7. The lightning arrester performance evaluation system based on simulation model according to claim 6, characterized in that: The electrical performance parameter change result includes an overvoltage comparison result, and the evaluation module includes an acquisition unit and a comparison unit, specifically: The acquisition unit is configured to respectively determine an overvoltage amplitude and an overvoltage time corresponding to the first key information and the second key information; The comparison unit is used to determine the amplitude difference and time difference between the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal based on the overvoltage amplitude and the overvoltage time, wherein the overvoltage comparison result includes the amplitude difference and the time difference.

8. The arrester performance evaluation system based on simulation model according to claim 7, characterized in that: The time difference includes: a rise time difference, a maximum value reaching time difference, and an overvoltage duration difference. The evaluation module also includes a first evaluation unit, a second evaluation unit, and a third evaluation unit, specifically: The first evaluation unit is configured to determine a voltage limiting capability of the arrester based on the amplitude difference; The second evaluation unit is used to determine the response speed of the lightning arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal based on the rise time difference and the maximum value reaching time difference; The third evaluation unit is configured to determine the energy absorption capacity of the arrester under the multi-pulse excitation signal and the single-pulse excitation signal based on the overvoltage duration difference.

9. A terminal device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the method for evaluating the performance of a lightning arrester based on a simulation model according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that include: A stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the lightning arrester performance evaluation method based on the simulation model according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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