Method for processing spatial angle of optical element and tool assembly

Abstract

The application provides a machining method and a tool assembly for a space angle of an optical element, comprising the following steps: obtaining a first direction angle and a second direction angle of a space angle bevel of the optical element; manufacturing a positioning tool according to the first direction angle and the second direction angle, the positioning tool having a first positioning surface, a first tool machining surface and a second positioning surface, the first positioning surface and the first tool machining surface being connected to form a first machining edge, the second positioning surface being perpendicular to the first positioning surface, an angle value between the first positioning surface and the first tool machining surface being equal to the first direction angle, and an angle value between the second positioning surface and the first machining edge being equal to the second direction angle; fixing a blank semi-finished product on the positioning tool to form a to-be-machined assembly; machining one side of the first tool machining surface of the to-be-machined assembly to obtain the optical element with a predetermined space angle. The problems of edge collapse and angle control difficulty in the machining of the space angle of the optical element in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of optical component processing technology, and more specifically, to a method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element and a tooling assembly. Background Technology

[0002] Optical components often employ optical elements with spatial angles. The spatial angle of an optical element typically refers to the angle between skew lines in solid geometry, the angle between a line and a plane, or the angle between two planes. Therefore, the angle value presented by the inclined plane of the spatial angle of an optical element differs between the line and the plane in two directions.

[0003] Existing methods for machining optical components with spatial angles typically employ CNC (Computer Numerical Control) equipment. CNC equipment can be programmed based on the 3D model of the optical component and directly machine the beveled surfaces of the spatial angle to obtain the angle value. However, during CNC machining, there is no tooling to protect the edges of the spatial angle being machined. The tool directly cuts the beveled surface of the spatial angle, making the product highly susceptible to chipping, resulting in low product quality. Furthermore, CNC machine tools are costly to operate, and their limited availability leads to restricted production capacity and high production costs when machining optical components with spatial angles solely through CNC machine tools.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies still need to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element and a tooling assembly, which solves the problems of easy edge chipping, high cost and limited production capacity caused by the processing of optical elements with spatial angles by CNC machine tools in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: On the one hand, this application provides a method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element, including the following steps: Obtain the first direction angle and the second direction angle of the spatial angle inclined plane of the optical element, wherein the first direction angle is the angle between the spatial angle inclined plane and the first side surface, and the second direction angle is the angle between the edge of the spatial angle and the third side surface; A positioning fixture is made according to a first direction angle and a second direction angle. The positioning fixture has a first positioning surface, a first tooling machining surface and a second positioning surface. The first positioning surface and the first tooling machining surface are connected to form a first machining edge. The second positioning surface is perpendicular to the first positioning surface. The angle between the first positioning surface and the first tooling machining surface is equal to the first direction angle. The angle between the second positioning surface and the first machining edge is equal to the second direction angle. The pre-processed blank semi-finished part is fixed on the positioning fixture to form the assembly to be processed, so that the first side of the blank semi-finished part abuts against the first positioning surface and the third side of the blank semi-finished part abuts against the second positioning surface. The first tooling surface of the component to be processed is processed to obtain an optical element with a predetermined spatial angle.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, the step of creating the positioning fixture based on the first direction angle and the second direction angle specifically includes: A first machining fixture is manufactured according to a first direction angle. The first machining fixture has a first positioning surface and a first tooling machining surface. The first positioning surface and the first tooling machining surface are connected to form a first machining edge. The angle between the first positioning surface and the first tooling machining surface is equal to the first direction angle. The second machining fixture is made according to the second direction angle. The second machining fixture has a second positioning surface, a second fixture side surface and a second fixture bottom surface. The angle between the second positioning surface and the second fixture bottom surface is equal to the second direction angle. The second machining edge is formed by connecting the second fixture side surface and the second fixture bottom surface. The side of the second tooling is fixed to the first positioning surface so that the second machining tooling is fixed on the first machining tooling, wherein the second machining edge is parallel to the first machining edge.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the second tooling side is fixed to the first positioning surface so that the second machining tooling is fixed to the first machining tooling, wherein in the step of the second machining edge being parallel to the first machining edge: The first machining fixture has a first backrest, and the second machining fixture has a second backrest. The second machining edge is aligned with the first machining edge, and the first backrest and the second backrest are flush to fix the first machining fixture and the second machining fixture.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, in the step of fixing the pre-processed blank semi-finished part onto the positioning fixture to form the assembly to be processed: A light adhesive tray is provided, and the first tooling processing surface of the positioning fixture is closely attached to the light adhesive surface of the light adhesive tray. The first side of the pre-processed blank semi-finished part is abutted against the first positioning surface of the positioning fixture and a light ring appears. The third side of the pre-processed blank semi-finished part is brought into contact with the second positioning surface of the positioning fixture, and an aperture appears. Pre-processed blank semi-finished parts are fixed on positioning fixtures by means of adhesive or bonding to form components to be processed.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the step of machining the side of the first tooling surface of the component to be processed to obtain an optical element with a predetermined spatial angle is as follows: By setting a first layer of diamond grit on the grinding disc, the first tooling surface of the component to be processed is rough ground, and the first dimensional amount is removed from the blank semi-finished part. By setting a second diamond abrasive layer on the grinding disc, the first tooling surface of the component to be processed is finely ground, and the second dimension is removed from the blank semi-finished part to obtain the spatial angle bevel of the optical element, wherein the particle size of the second diamond abrasive layer is smaller than that of the first diamond abrasive layer.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the first tooling surface of the component to be processed is rough-ground by setting a first diamond abrasive layer on the grinding disc, in the step of removing a first dimensional amount from the blank semi-finished part: A first diamond abrasive layer is set on the grinding disc. The component to be processed is pressed by manual grinding, and the grinding disc is processed at a first predetermined speed for a first predetermined time to remove a first dimension from the blank semi-finished part. Multiple first height values ​​are measured between the first tooling processing surface and the plate surface to ensure that the height difference between the multiple first height values ​​is within a first difference value.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the first tooling surface of the component to be processed is rough-ground by setting a first diamond abrasive layer on the grinding disc, in the step of removing a first dimensional amount from the blank semi-finished part: The mounting surfaces of multiple components to be processed are tightly attached to the optical adhesive tray and fixed by the optical adhesive tray, wherein the mounting surfaces are opposite to the processing surface of the first tooling. A first diamond abrasive layer is set on the grinding disc. The polished disc with the component to be processed is pressed by automatic grinding. The grinding disc is processed at a second predetermined speed for a second predetermined time to remove the second dimension of the blank semi-finished part. The height values ​​of multiple points between the processing surfaces of the first tooling and the bottom surface of the polished disc are measured to ensure that the height difference between each pair of multiple point height values ​​is within a second difference value.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, after processing the side of the first tooling surface of the component to be processed to obtain an optical element with a predetermined spatial angle, the method further includes: The processed components are placed in the ring polishing machine using a spacer, so that the optical element parts with a predetermined space angle are located inside the spacer, and the inclined surface of the space angle of the optical element is in contact with the polishing disc. High-speed polishing is performed using a first polishing rotation speed and a first polishing time to remove the first polishing dimension; Circular low-level polishing is performed using a second polishing speed and a second polishing time.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, after processing the side of the first tooling surface of the component to be processed to obtain an optical element with a predetermined spatial angle, the method further includes: The processed components are then lowered onto the mounting plate to separate the positioning fixture from the optical element with a predetermined spatial angle. An angle standard block is provided, and the angle standard block is tested by a comparator and the comparator is zeroed. An optical element with a predetermined spatial angle is placed in a comparator for testing. The spatial angle value of the optical element is calculated by comparing the image of the product in the comparator with the image of the zero point of the zeroed standard block.

[0015] On the other hand, this application also proposes a tooling assembly, wherein the tooling assembly, which is applied to the processing method of the spatial angle of the optical element as described above, includes: a first positioning surface, a first tooling processing surface, and a second positioning surface; The first positioning surface and the first tooling machining surface are connected to form a first machining edge. The second positioning surface is perpendicular to the first positioning surface. The angle between the first positioning surface and the first tooling machining surface is equal to the first direction angle. The angle between the second positioning surface and the first machining edge is equal to the second direction angle. The positioning fixture is used to fix the pre-processed blank semi-finished part, wherein the first side of the blank semi-finished part abuts against the first positioning surface, and the third side of the blank semi-finished part abuts against the second positioning surface.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the processing method and tooling assembly for the spatial angle of an optical element provided in this application are at least as follows: A first direction angle and a second direction angle are determined based on the spatial angle bevel of the optical element's drawing. A positioning tooling is then fabricated based on these first and second direction angles to position the semi-finished blank to be processed. After processing the end of the semi-finished blank facing the processing surface of the first tooling, the required spatial angle bevel is formed. The processing using the positioning tooling not only enables the processing of the spatial angle bevel of the optical element on a conventional machining bed, thus expanding the processing range of ordinary machine tools, but also allows the processing of optical elements with spatial angle bevels when the capacity of CNC machine tools is insufficient, thereby increasing production capacity and reducing production costs. Furthermore, the positioning tooling, during grinding and polishing, protects the edges of the spatial angle on the surface of the positioning tooling that is fixedly connected to the optical element. During grinding and other processing, the first tooling processing surface of the positioning tooling is processed together with the spatial angle bevel, effectively controlling the amount of edge chipping and ensuring the quality requirements of the processed product. Furthermore, the use of positioning fixtures for auxiliary processing allows for machining accuracy within 1', and the surface can be frosted / polished, enabling coating or other polishing processes. Processing with positioning fixtures of the same size ensures controllable consistency between machined optical components. For example, if the angle consistency is poor after machining a single piece, it can be processed in pairs, in groups of three, or in groups of four, controlling the angle consistency within 2'. Therefore, the optical component spatial angle machining method of this application can produce high-quality optical component spatial angles. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical element provided in an embodiment of this application, wherein... Figure 1 Image (a) is a structural diagram from a first-person perspective. Figure 1 (b) is a structural diagram from another perspective; Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the main steps of the method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the component to be processed after fixing the positioning fixture and the blank semi-finished product in a method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element provided in this application embodiment; Figure 4A flowchart illustrating the detailed steps of step S200 of a method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the assembly process of a tooling component provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating the detailed steps of step S300 in a method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical adhesive disk used in a method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the component to be processed fixed on the optical adhesive disk during the disk grinding process in a method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element provided in this application embodiment; Figure 9 A flowchart illustrating the detailed steps of step S400 of a method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure during disc grinding in a method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure during manual single-piece polishing in a method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure during disk polishing in a method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 13 A flowchart illustrating the detailed steps of step S600 in a method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical element during detection in a method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 14 (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure when the space angle bevel is used for inspection as a polished surface. Figure 14 (b) is a schematic diagram of the structure when the space angle slope is a frosted surface for testing.

[0019] The following are the labeling elements in the figure: 10. Component to be processed; 11. Raw semi-finished part; 100. Optical element; 110. Spatial angle bevel; 111. Spatial angle edge; 112. Lower edge; 120. First side surface; 121. Second side surface; 130. Third side surface; 131. Fourth side surface; 200. Positioning fixture; 210. First machining fixture; 211. First positioning surface; 212. First fixture machining surface; 213. First back surface; 214. Plate-attaching surface; 215. First fixture side surface; 216. First fixture front surface Surface; 217, First machined edge; 220, Second machined fixture; 221, Second positioning surface; 222, Side of second fixture; 223, Bottom surface of second fixture; 224, Second back side; 225, Second machined edge; 300, Glossy film disc; 310, Glossy film surface; 400, Grinding machine; 410, Sanding disc; 420, Pressure bar; 500, Circular polishing machine; 510, Spacer ring; 501, Partition plate; 511, Long wall; 512, Short wall; 513, Defined area; 600, Parallel window. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0021] The following is an explanation of the names used in this application: Spatial angle: In solid geometry, the angle between skew lines, the angle between a line and a plane, and the angle between two planes are collectively referred to as a spatial angle. The angle values ​​presented by lines on a part differ in two directions.

[0022] Surface shape: PV (Peak to Valley), also known as peak-to-valley value, is a common indicator of the surface shape quality of optical surfaces. It refers to the height difference between the highest and lowest points within a sampling range (based on 2D contour lines or 3D data maps), after removing the reference surface. PV values ​​are expressed in units of physical length, and their meaning is easy to understand. Based on the required reference surface, the maximum deviation range of all pixels directly reflects the current processing quality of the optical surface. Based on long-term experience in optical testing, PV values ​​and another important surface shape indicator, RMS, often maintain a certain proportional relationship, generally around 2:1.

[0023] Wax sealing: A method of fixing parts to tooling using wax.

[0024] Photopolymer adhesive: Complex optical components bonded using photopolymer adhesive bonding maintain their optical properties because there is no medium between the bonding surfaces. Compared to adhesive bonding, it offers higher mechanical strength and more stable performance.

[0025] Gluing: A method of bonding surfaces together by applying adhesive.

[0026] Grinding: A process in optical processing, mainly used for surface treatment before polishing, removing dimensional defects, and controlling parallelism.

[0027] Comparator: Used to detect the optical angle of the polished surface of a part.

[0028] In the optical angle units used in this application: 1° = 60′.

[0029] In the existing technology, optical components with spatial angles still face the following problems during CNC machine tool processing: The machining accuracy control of existing CNC machine tools is poor, making it difficult to achieve approximately 10′, and the surface is matte, making coating or other polishing processes impossible. Furthermore, CNC machine tool processing easily leads to poor consistency between products, making angle control difficult; existing inspection methods are mostly coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), and for small products, product movement or inaccurate sampling during inspection can easily lead to inaccurate spatial angle detection. Therefore, to solve or improve the above problems, this application proposes the following embodiments, as detailed below: Example 1 Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 This embodiment proposes a method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element. A positioning fixture 200 is used for auxiliary processing to grind the spatial angle surface of the optical element 100. The final structure with the spatial angle optical element 100 is specifically described as follows: Figure 1The optical element 100 with a spatial angle shown in Figures (a) and (b) is cylindrical, with a spatial angle inclined surface 110 at one end along its length, and four sides surrounding the spatial angle inclined surface 110. The two opposing sides on the left and right sides are the first side 120 and the second side 121, and the two opposing sides on the top and bottom sides are the third side 130 and the fourth side 131. The first side 120 and the third side 130 are perpendicular to each other, and the spatial angle inclined surface 110 is inclined at a certain angle to both the first side 120 and the third side 130. The angle between the spatial angled inclined plane 110 and the first side surface 120 in the left-right direction is 68° (as the first direction angle). The angle between the spatial angled inclined plane 110 and the second side surface 121 is 112°. The connection between the spatial angled inclined plane 110 and the first side surface 120 or the second side surface 121 is the spatial angle edge 111. The angles between the spatial angle edges 111 on the left and right sides and the third side surface 130 are 148° (as the second direction angle). The spatial angle edge 111 and the fourth side surface 131 have a certain inclination angle of 32°. Among the other angles, the angle between the spatial angled inclined plane 110 and the third side surface 130 is 38.16°; the angle between the lower edge 112 formed at the connection between the spatial angled inclined plane 110 and the third side surface 130 and the first side surface 120 is 52.67°.

[0030] To achieve the high-precision machining requirements for the aforementioned optical components, please refer to [the relevant documentation / reference]. Figure 2 The processing method for the spatial angle of the optical element in this embodiment mainly includes the following steps: Step S100: Obtain the first direction angle and the second direction angle of the spatial angle inclined plane of the optical element, wherein the first direction angle is the angle between the spatial angle inclined plane and the first side surface, and the second direction angle is the angle between the edge of the spatial angle and the third side surface.

[0031] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 5 In the specific process, in order to obtain the spatial angle directly through grinding during the machining process, it is necessary to simultaneously replicate the first direction angle and the second direction angle during machining. Therefore, two angles need to be set in the tooling to assist in angle machining, so that the two angles are equal to the first direction angle and the second direction angle respectively, so that the angle value and accuracy of the set angle can be replicated during the machining process. Therefore, the first direction angle and the second direction angle are first measured or calculated according to the drawings or digital model of the final optical element 100, as a reference for the subsequent fabrication of the positioning tooling 200.

[0032] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 3Step S200: Create a positioning fixture according to the first direction angle and the second direction angle. The positioning fixture has a first positioning surface, a first fixture machining surface and a second positioning surface. The first positioning surface and the first fixture machining surface are connected to form a first machining edge. The second positioning surface is perpendicular to the first positioning surface. The angle between the first positioning surface and the first fixture machining surface is equal to the first direction angle. The angle between the second positioning surface and the first machining edge is equal to the second direction angle.

[0033] In the specific process, after the positioning fixture 200 is made through the above steps, the angle between the first positioning surface 211 and the first tooling processing surface 212 on the positioning fixture 200 is equal to the first direction angle, and the angle between the second positioning surface 221 and the first processing edge 217 is equal to the second direction angle, thereby replicating the two direction angles of the optical element 100.

[0034] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 4 Step S200 specifically includes steps S210-S230, and the specific process of each step is as follows: Step S210: Make a first machining fixture according to the first direction angle. The first machining fixture has a first positioning surface and a first machining surface. The first positioning surface and the first machining surface are connected to form a first machining edge. The angle between the first positioning surface and the first machining surface is equal to the first direction angle.

[0035] Step S220: A second machining fixture is made according to the second direction angle. The second machining fixture has a second positioning surface, a second fixture side surface, and a second fixture bottom surface. The angle between the second positioning surface and the second fixture bottom surface is equal to the second direction angle. The second fixture side surface and the second fixture bottom surface are connected to form a second machining edge.

[0036] Step S230: Fix the side of the second tooling to the first positioning surface so that the second machining tooling is fixed on the first machining tooling, wherein the second machining edge is parallel to the first machining edge.

[0037] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 5 The first processing fixture 210 has a first backing surface 213, and the second processing fixture 220 has a second backing surface 224. The second processing edge 225 is aligned with the first processing edge 217, and the first backing surface 213 is flush with the second backing surface 224 to fix the first processing fixture 210 and the second processing fixture 220.

[0038] In this embodiment, the first direction angle is 68° and the second direction angle is 32°, which will be described in detail below: The first machining fixture 210 for machining the spatial angle is a 68° pad; all surfaces of this first machining fixture 210 are polished surfaces with a surface shape of 0.5fr and an error of 0.25fr, and theoretically, the angle error between each surface is within 5″. The six surfaces of the first machining fixture 210 are: the first fixture front surface 216 and the first back surface 213, which are arranged opposite to each other; the plate-attaching surface 214 and the first fixture machining surface 212, which are arranged opposite to each other; and the first fixture side surface 215 and the first positioning surface 21, which are arranged opposite to each other. 1. The first positioning surface 211 and the first tooling machining surface 212 are connected to form the first machining edge 217. The angle between the first tooling machining surface 212 and the first positioning surface 211 is 68°±5″. The other angle relationships are all perpendicular and parallel to the theoretical value ±5″. The height difference between the front surface 216 of the first tooling and the back surface 213 is within 0.003mm. The height difference between the side surface 215 of the first tooling and the height formed by the two surfaces 214 and the first tooling machining surface 212 is within 0.003mm. Under the condition that the angle meets the requirements, the size is controlled to facilitate the angle control during the subsequent product processing.

[0039] The second machining fixture 220 for machining the spatial angle is a 32° pad. All surfaces of this pad are polished, with a surface shape of 0.5fr and an error of 0.25fr. Theoretically, the angle between each surface is within 5″. The five surfaces of the second machining fixture 220 are: two parallel second fixture side surfaces 222, a perpendicular second back surface 224, and a second fixture bottom surface 223. The angle between the second positioning surface 221 and the second fixture bottom surface 223 is equal to the second direction angle, i.e., 32° ± 5″. The second fixture side surface 222 and the second fixture bottom surface 223 are connected to form the second machining edge 225. The remaining angle relationships are perpendicular and parallel to the theoretical value ± 5″.

[0040] The positioning fixture 200 used for machining is for assembling a 68° pad and a 32° pad together. The specific operation procedure is as follows: the second fixture side 222 of the 32° pad is pressed against the first positioning surface 211 of the 68° pad; the second backing surface 224 of the 32° pad is pressed against the first backing surface 213 of the 68° pad; and the second machining edge 225 of the 32° pad is pressed against the first machining edge 217 of the 68° pad. At this point, a smooth adhesive or edge-sealing adhesive can be used to assemble the 32° pad and the 68° pad together for subsequent angle machining.

[0041] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 7Step S300: Fix the pre-processed blank semi-finished part on the positioning fixture to form the component to be processed, so that the first side of the blank semi-finished part abuts against the first positioning surface and the third side of the blank semi-finished part abuts against the second positioning surface.

[0042] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 3 By processing the blank, the corresponding semi-finished blank part 11 is obtained. The blank can be a hexahedral blank plate, made of quartz material (optical glass). For ease of structural description, the six faces of the blank plate correspond to the six faces of the optical element 100. For ease of structural description, the corresponding surfaces are given the same name. Therefore, although the parts in each process are different, the surface at the same position is labeled the same.

[0043] During the processing of the blank, the first side surfaces 120 on the left and right sides and the third side surfaces 130 on the top and bottom sides are ground and polished sequentially using traditional cold working methods. The overall surface shape of the product is controlled to be 0.5fr with an error of 0.25fr. The angle values ​​between surfaces, including perpendicularity and parallelism, are controlled within the theoretical value of ±5″. Then, the spatial angles of the product are processed using CNC equipment with one of the third side surfaces 130 as the reference surface. The angle between one edge and one surface is 52.67°±10′, and the angle between the other edge and one surface is 32°±10′. The blank is rough-processed to obtain the semi-finished blank part 11, which serves as the basis for subsequent fine finishing.

[0044] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 6 Step S300 specifically includes steps S310-S330. Details are as follows: Step S310: Provide a light adhesive disc, place the first tooling processing surface of the positioning fixture tightly against the light adhesive surface of the light adhesive disc, and place the first side of the pre-processed blank semi-finished part against the first positioning surface of the positioning fixture to form a light ring.

[0045] Step S320: The third side of the pre-processed blank semi-finished part is brought into contact with the second positioning surface of the positioning fixture to form a light ring.

[0046] Step S330: Fix the pre-processed blank semi-finished part onto the positioning fixture by means of adhesive or bonding to form the component to be processed.

[0047] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 7 , Figure 8The first tooling surface 212 of the assembled positioning fixture 200 is pressed tightly against the adhesive surface 310 of the adhesive tray 300. The first side surface 120 of the blank semi-finished part 11 is pressed tightly against the first positioning surface 211 of the positioning fixture 200, and the aperture is visible. The third side surface 130 of the pre-processed blank semi-finished part 11 is pressed tightly against the second positioning surface 221 of the positioning fixture 200, and the aperture is visible. The spatial corner surfaces of the part are pressed tightly against the adhesive surface 310 of the adhesive tray 300, and the part is fixed to the positioning fixture 200 by adhesive, sealing wax, or bonding.

[0048] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 9 Step S400: Process the side of the first tooling processing surface 212 of the component to be processed 10 to obtain an optical element 100 with a predetermined spatial angle.

[0049] Please see Figure 3 In the specific process, the blank semi-finished part 11 is fixed on the positioning fixture 200 to obtain the component to be processed 10. The spatial angle inclined surface 110 on the blank semi-finished part 11 is approximately on the same surface as the first fixture processing surface 212 of the positioning fixture 200, which is also the processing surface of the grinding process.

[0050] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 8 , Figure 10 The grinding disc 410 of the grinding machine 400 can be used to first rough grind the side of the first tooling processing surface 212 of the component 10 to be processed, and then rough grind the spatial angle bevel 110 of the blank semi-finished part 11. Then, the spatial angle bevel 110 of the blank semi-finished part 11 is finely ground, so as to ensure the spatial angle of the final formed optical element 100.

[0051] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 8 , Figure 10 In this embodiment, the grinding machine 400 can be a grinding machine with a pressure rod 420. The pressure rod 420 can move up and down, and a grinding disc 410 is provided below the pressure rod 420, which is rotatable. The component 10 to be processed can be fixed to the pressure rod 420 by a polishing disc 300 or by other tooling. In this way, the direction of force applied to the component 10 to be processed during the grinding or polishing process can be controlled by the pressure rod 420. For example, pressing down applies downward force, and lifting up applies upward force.

[0052] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 9 Step S400 specifically includes steps S410-S420. Details are as follows: Step S410: By setting a first diamond abrasive layer on the grinding disc, the first tooling processing surface of the component to be processed is rough ground, and a first dimension is removed from the blank semi-finished part.

[0053] In practice, the process can be divided into manual processing and disc processing due to different processing methods. The specific procedures in the rough processing of the two differ, as detailed below: In the first approach, when manual processing is used, you can refer to... Figure 10 Only one component 10 is processed. A first diamond abrasive layer is applied to the grinding disc 410. The component 10 is pressed down by manual grinding, and the grinding disc 410 is processed at a first predetermined speed for a first predetermined time to remove a first dimension from the space angle bevel 110 of the blank semi-finished part 11. Multiple first height values ​​between the first tooling processing surface 212 and the plate-attached surface 214 are measured to ensure that the height difference between the multiple first height values ​​is within a first difference value. By measuring and ensuring that the height difference between each detection point between the first tooling processing surface 212 and the plate-attached surface 214 is within the first difference value, the flatness of the entire space angle bevel 110 can be well guaranteed, and the surface quality can be improved.

[0054] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 10 In the second scheme, when using a disc-based processing method, the mounting surfaces 214 of multiple components 10 to be processed are tightly attached to the adhesive disc 300 and fixed by the adhesive. The mounting surfaces 214 are opposite to the first tooling processing surface 212. A first diamond abrasive layer is provided on the abrasive disc 410. The adhesive disc 300 with the components 10 to be processed is pressed by automatic grinding, and the abrasive disc 410 is processed at a second predetermined speed for a second predetermined time to remove a second dimension from the space angle bevel 110 of the blank semi-finished part 11. The height values ​​of multiple points between the first tooling processing surface 212 and the bottom surface of the adhesive disc 300 are measured to ensure that the height difference between any two points is within a second difference value. By measuring and ensuring that the height difference between the detection point on the first tooling processing surface 212 of each component to be processed 10 and the bottom surface of the optical adhesive disk 300 is within the second difference value, the flatness of the space angle slope 110 of all the blank semi-finished parts 11 fixed on the entire optical adhesive disk 300 can be well guaranteed, so that the surface quality of the space angle slope 110 of multiple optical elements 100 processed on the same disk is consistent, thereby improving the surface quality.

[0055] Step S420: By setting a second diamond abrasive layer on the grinding disc, the first tooling processing surface of the component to be processed is finely ground, and a second dimension is removed from the blank semi-finished part to obtain the spatial angle bevel of the optical element, wherein the particle size of the second diamond abrasive layer is smaller than that of the first diamond abrasive layer.

[0056] The above steps can be specifically divided into manual processing and disc processing. Taking manual grinding of parts as an example: When manually grinding, the number of components to be processed is 1 per cycle. The specific operation method is as follows: First, prepare the component to be processed for rough grinding. Evenly apply a first layer of diamond abrasive with a particle size of W40 onto the grinding disc of the grinding machine. The first dimensional removal is 0.12~0.15mm. Start the machine to 40rad / min as the first predetermined speed of the grinding disc and grind for approximately a first predetermined time, which can be 1~3 minutes. After processing, remove the component and measure the longitudinal height of the first fixture side, as well as the height values ​​at multiple points between the machined surface of the first fixture and the surface attached to the disc. If the height difference at multiple points is always within a first difference (which can be 0.005mm), processing can continue. If the height difference at multiple points always exceeds the first difference, pressure needs to be applied in the opposite direction until the height difference is within 0.005mm. Repeat this operation 3~5 times, depending on the material. Different materials have different hardness and require different grinding times.

[0057] Next, the component to be processed after coarse grinding undergoes fine grinding. The first diamond abrasive layer is replaced with a second diamond abrasive layer with a finer particle size. The second diamond abrasive layer can use W15 or W10 abrasive with a finer particle size. W15 is used to remove the second dimension, which is 0.05~0.1 mm. W10 is used to remove the second dimension, which is 0.03~0.05 mm. The operation is the same as W40. This operation is repeated 3~5 times, depending on the material. Different materials have different hardness and require different grinding times. The above three abrasive grinding methods are shown in the figure below. The grinding method is the same, but the abrasive particle size is different.

[0058] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 10 Taking disc-based grinding of parts as an example: When performing disc-based grinding, several products are processed at once. First, the mounting surfaces of multiple components to be processed are fixed onto a 300mm diameter adhesive disc. The specific operation involves cleaning the mounting surfaces of the components and the adhesive surface of the disc, then firmly attaching the mounting surfaces of the components to the disc, and applying the adhesive. Eight components are evenly and symmetrically mounted on one disc. The number of discs and the size of the adhesive disc may vary depending on the actual number of parts.

[0059] When grinding on a disc, the number of parts is 8 per disc. The specific operation is as follows: First, fix the multiple components to be processed in the above process onto the polishing disc. Then, evenly apply a first layer of diamond abrasive (W40 grade) to the grinding disc of the grinding machine. Grind away the second dimension, which is 0.12~0.15mm. Place the first tooling surface tightly against the grinding surface of the grinding disc, start the machine to the second predetermined speed (80 rad / min), and grind for the second predetermined time (1~3 minutes). After processing, remove the tooling and measure the height difference between each pair of eight points on the bottom surface of the polishing disc. If the height difference is consistently within the second difference (0.003mm), continue processing. If the height difference exceeds the second difference, pressure needs to be applied in the opposite direction until the height difference is within 0.003mm of the second difference. Repeat this operation 3 to 5 times. The specific number of grinding cycles depends on the material. Different materials have different hardness and require different grinding cycles.

[0060] Then, switch to W15 and W10 abrasives with finer particle size for fine grinding. W15 removes 0.05~0.1 mm, and W10 removes 0.03~0.05 mm. The operation and requirements are the same as for W40. Repeat this operation 3~5 times. The specific number of grinding cycles depends on the material. Different materials have different hardness and require different grinding cycles. The grinding methods of the three abrasives are the same as shown in the figure below. The grinding method is the same, but the abrasive particle size is different.

[0061] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 9 After grinding, some processing requirements necessitate polishing the beveled edges of the space corners. Therefore, the following steps may be included after grinding: Step S430: Place the processed component to be processed in the ring polishing machine using a spacer, so that the optical element part with a predetermined space angle is located inside the spacer, and the inclined surface of the space angle of the optical element is in contact with the polishing disk.

[0062] Step S440: Perform high-speed polishing using a first polishing speed and a first polishing time to remove the first polishing dimension.

[0063] Step S450: Perform ring polishing and low-level polishing using the second polishing speed and the second polishing time.

[0064] Please see Figure 11When polishing after manual processing: the processed component 10 can be subjected to high and low polishing with a weight. A spacer 510 is placed in a ring polishing machine 500, and the component 10 is placed inside the spacer 510. The spacer 510 is a polishing positioning device used to restrict the movement and processing of the component 10 within a defined area during polishing. For example, a partition 501 can be set in the spacer 510, and multiple square defining areas 513 are opened on the partition 501. The square defining areas 513 have long walls 511 and short walls 512, and the component 10 is limited between the long walls 511 and the short walls 512. A weight can be placed on the component 10. The weight can be a round or square stainless steel or copper weight. The first polishing size removed by high polishing is 0.03~0.05mm, the first polishing time of radial polishing is about 2~4 hours, and the first polishing speed is set to 60 rad / min. The second polishing time for both high-level and low-level polishing is approximately 5-10 hours. The second polishing speed is set to 3 rad / min. During the polishing process, the height value of the first tooling side 215 in the vertical direction (longitudinal direction), as well as multiple height values ​​between the first tooling machining surface 212 and the pad surface 214, need to be measured. If the difference between the height values ​​is consistently within 0.003 mm, polishing continues. If the difference between the height values ​​exceeds 0.003 mm, pressure blocks need to be applied in the opposite direction until the height difference is within 0.003 mm. The number of high-level and low-level polishing passes per cycle depends on the size of the equipment. In this case, a 1.2m high-level and low-level polishing ring polisher is used.

[0065] Please see Figure 12 When polishing after the disc-type processing: multiple components 10 to be processed can be fixed on the polishing disc 300 and subjected to high and low polishing with weights. A spacer 510 is placed in the ring polishing machine 500, with the parts placed inside the spacer 510. The surface of the part being processed is in close contact with the surface of the ring polishing disc or polyurethane polishing plate. During processing, weights can be placed on the part; these weights can be round or square stainless steel or copper blocks. The first polishing dimension removed by high polishing is 0.03~0.05mm, the first polishing time is approximately 2~4 hours, and the first polishing speed is set to 60 rad / min. The second polishing time for ring low polishing is approximately 5~10 hours, and the second polishing speed is set to 3 rad / min. During polishing, it is necessary to measure 8 points on the first tooling surface 212 and the bottom surface of the polishing disc 300, and calculate the height difference between each pair. If the height difference is always within 0.003mm, polishing continues. If the difference in height exceeds 0.003mm, pressure blocks need to be applied in the opposite direction until the height difference is within 0.003mm. The number of high-throw and low-throw shots per round depends on the size of the equipment; in this case, a 1.2m high-throw, low-throw, and circular-throw equipment was used.

[0066] Please see Figure 2 Step S500: The processed component to be processed is unloaded from the platen, so that the positioning fixture is separated from the optical element with a predetermined spatial angle.

[0067] In the above process, whether it is frosting or polishing, acetone soaking (adhesive fixing method) or spray gun heating (gloss adhesive fixing method) can be used to remove the substrate. Separate the positioning fixture from the optical element with the predetermined spatial angle.

[0068] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 13 Step S600: Detect the spatial angle of the processed optical element.

[0069] Existing inspection processes typically use a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) for angle detection, while this embodiment uses a comparator to detect spatial angles, thereby ensuring that the spatial angles of the processed optical components meet high-quality requirements. Step S600 specifically includes steps S610-S620, which are described in detail below: Step S610: Provide an angle standard block, test the angle standard block with a comparator, and then zero the comparator.

[0070] Step S620: Place the optical element with the predetermined spatial angle in the comparator for detection. By comparing the image of the product in the comparator with the image of the zero point of the zeroed standard block, the angle value of the spatial angle of the optical element is calculated.

[0071] Please see Figure 14 In Figure (d), if the detection surface of optical element 100 is a single, frosted surface, then it is necessary to breathe on the optical element 100 and attach a parallel window 600 for auxiliary detection. Please refer to [the original text]. Figure 14 In Figure (c), if the surface is polished and cleaned, it can be directly inspected. The inspection method is to first use an angle standard block to zero the comparator; then place the optical element 100 in the comparator for inspection. The inspection result can be obtained by comparing the image of the product with the image of the zero point of the zeroed standard block.

[0072] Please see Figure 14In Figures (c) and (d), if the spatial angle of multiple optical elements 100 is to be tested, the parts are placed close together during the test. After the test is performed according to the above process, the optical elements 100 are placed in a comparator for testing. After placing one optical element 100, another optical element 100 is placed. All optical elements 100 are placed close together. At this time, the images between the optical elements 100 are compared, and the values ​​of up and down and left and right are observed. The difference in angle values ​​between the products is calculated. If the difference value does not exceed the predetermined value, it means that the spatial angle of each optical element 100 product is consistent.

[0073] Example 2 Please see Figure 3 and Figure 5 This embodiment proposes a tooling assembly applied to the processing method of the spatial angle of the optical element as described above. The tooling assembly specifically includes: a first positioning surface 211, a first tooling processing surface 212, and a second positioning surface 221; the first positioning surface 211 and the first tooling processing surface 212 are connected to form a first processing edge 217, the second positioning surface 221 is perpendicular to the first positioning surface 211, the angle between the first positioning surface 211 and the first tooling processing surface 212 is equal to a first direction angle, and the angle between the second positioning surface 221 and the first processing edge 217 is equal to a second direction angle; the positioning tooling 200 is used to fix the pre-processed blank semi-finished part 11, wherein the first side 120 of the blank semi-finished part 11 abuts against the first positioning surface 211, and the third side 130 of the blank semi-finished part 11 abuts against the second positioning surface 221.

[0074] In summary, the processing method and tooling assembly for the spatial angle of an optical element provided in this application allow for grinding and polishing on a grinding disc made of bulk abrasive using a positioning fixture, thereby effectively controlling the amount of chipping. Through the precision control of the positioning fixture, the processing accuracy of the spatial angle can be kept within 1′, and the surface is a frosted / polished surface, allowing for coating or other polishing processes. The consistency between the processed optical elements is controllable; if the angle consistency is poor after processing a single piece, it can be processed in pairs, in groups of three, or in groups of four to control the angle consistency within 2′. The detection method is optical, using a comparator for angle detection, which is accurate, stable, and not constrained by testing experience, making operation more convenient.

[0075] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Obtain the first direction angle and the second direction angle of the spatial angle inclined surface of the optical element, wherein the first direction angle is the angle between the spatial angle inclined surface and the first side surface, and the second direction angle is the angle between the edge of the spatial angle and the third side surface; A positioning fixture is manufactured according to the first direction angle and the second direction angle. The positioning fixture is formed by combining a first machining fixture and a second machining fixture. The first machining fixture has a first positioning surface and a first machining surface. The first positioning surface and the first machining surface are connected to form a first machining edge. The second machining fixture is fixed on the first positioning surface. The second machining fixture has a second positioning surface. The second positioning surface is perpendicular to the first positioning surface. The angle between the first positioning surface and the first machining surface is equal to the first direction angle. The angle between the second positioning surface and the first machining edge is equal to the second direction angle. The pre-processed blank semi-finished part is fixed on the positioning fixture to form the assembly to be processed, so that the first side of the blank semi-finished part abuts against the first positioning surface, and the third side of the blank semi-finished part abuts against the second positioning surface. The first tooling surface of the component to be processed is processed on one side to obtain an optical element with a predetermined spatial angle.

2. The method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of creating the positioning fixture based on the first directional angle and the second directional angle specifically include: A first machining fixture is manufactured according to the first direction angle. The first machining fixture has a first positioning surface and a first tooling machining surface. The first positioning surface and the first tooling machining surface are connected to form a first machining edge. The angle between the first positioning surface and the first tooling machining surface is equal to the first direction angle. The second machining fixture is manufactured according to the second direction angle. The second machining fixture has a second positioning surface, a second fixture side surface, and a second fixture bottom surface. The angle between the second positioning surface and the second fixture bottom surface is equal to the second direction angle. The second fixture side surface and the second fixture bottom surface are connected to form a second machining edge. The second tooling side is fixed to the first positioning surface so that the second machining tooling is fixed on the first machining tooling, wherein the second machining edge is parallel to the first machining edge.

3. The method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The second tooling side is fixed to the first positioning surface so that the second machining tooling is fixed on the first machining tooling, wherein the second machining edge is parallel to the first machining edge in the following steps: The first machining fixture has a first backrest, and the second machining fixture has a second backrest. The second machining edge is aligned with the first machining edge, and the first backrest and the second backrest are flush to fix the first machining fixture and the second machining fixture.

4. The method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the step of fixing the pre-processed blank semi-finished part onto the positioning fixture to form the assembly to be processed: A light adhesive tray is provided, and the first tooling processing surface of the positioning fixture is closely attached to the light adhesive surface of the light adhesive tray. The first side of the pre-processed blank semi-finished part is abutted against the first positioning surface of the positioning fixture and a light ring appears. The third side of the pre-processed blank semi-finished part abuts against the second positioning surface of the positioning fixture, and an aperture appears; The pre-processed blank semi-finished part is fixed on the positioning fixture by means of adhesive or bonding to form the component to be processed.

5. The method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In the step of processing the side of the first tooling processing surface of the component to be processed to obtain an optical element with a predetermined spatial angle: By setting a first diamond abrasive layer on the grinding disc, the first tooling processing surface of the component to be processed is rough ground, and a first dimensional amount is removed from the blank semi-finished part; By setting a second diamond abrasive layer on the grinding disc, the first tooling processing surface of the component to be processed is finely ground, and a second dimension is removed from the blank semi-finished part to obtain the spatial angle bevel of the optical element, wherein the particle size of the second diamond abrasive layer is smaller than that of the first diamond abrasive layer.

6. The method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element as described in claim 5, characterized in that, By setting a first layer of diamond abrasive on the grinding disc, the first tooling surface of the component to be processed is roughly ground. In the step of removing the first dimensional amount from the blank semi-finished part: A first diamond abrasive layer is set on the grinding disc. The component to be processed is pressed by manual grinding, and the grinding disc is processed at a first predetermined speed for a first predetermined time to remove a first dimension from the blank semi-finished part. Multiple first height values ​​are measured between the first tooling processing surface and the disc surface to ensure that the height difference between the multiple first height values ​​is within a first difference value.

7. The method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element as described in claim 5, characterized in that, By setting a first layer of diamond abrasive on the grinding disc, the first tooling surface of the component to be processed is roughly ground. In the step of removing the first dimensional amount from the blank semi-finished part: The mounting surfaces of multiple components to be processed are tightly attached to the optical adhesive tray and fixed by the optical adhesive tray, wherein the mounting surfaces are opposite to the processing surface of the first tooling. A first diamond abrasive layer is set on the grinding disc. The polished disc with the component to be processed is pressed by automatic grinding, and the grinding disc is processed at a second predetermined speed for a second predetermined time to remove a second dimension from the blank semi-finished part. The height values ​​of multiple points between the processing surfaces of the first tooling and the bottom surface of the polished disc are measured to ensure that the height difference between any two of the multiple point height values ​​is within a second difference value.

8. The method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element as described in claim 4, characterized in that, After processing the side of the component to be processed containing the first tooling surface to obtain an optical element with a predetermined spatial angle, the method further includes: The processed component to be processed is placed in a ring polishing machine using a spacer, so that the optical element part with a predetermined spatial angle is located inside the spacer, and the inclined surface of the spatial angle of the optical element is in contact with the polishing disc; High-speed polishing is performed using a first polishing rotation speed and a first polishing time to remove the first polishing dimension; Circular low-level polishing is performed using a second polishing speed and a second polishing time.

9. The method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After processing the side of the component to be processed containing the first tooling surface to obtain an optical element with a predetermined spatial angle, the method further includes: The processed component is then lowered onto the mounting plate, separating the positioning fixture from the optical element with a predetermined spatial angle. An angle standard block is provided, and the angle standard block is detected by a comparator and the comparator is zeroed. An optical element with a predetermined spatial angle is placed in the comparator for detection. The spatial angle value of the optical element is calculated by comparing the image of the product in the comparator with the image of the zero point of the zeroed standard block.

10. A tooling assembly, characterized in that, The method for processing the spatial angle of an optical element as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the tooling assembly includes a positioning tooling, which is formed by combining a first processing tooling and a second processing tooling. The first processing tooling has a first positioning surface and a first tooling processing surface. A first processing edge is formed by connecting the first positioning surface and the first tooling processing surface. The second processing tooling is fixed on the first positioning surface and has a second positioning surface. The second positioning surface is perpendicular to the first positioning surface. The angle between the first positioning surface and the first tooling processing surface is equal to the first direction angle. The angle between the second positioning surface and the first processing edge is equal to the second direction angle. The positioning fixture is used to fix the pre-processed blank semi-finished part, wherein the first side of the blank semi-finished part abuts against the first positioning surface, and the third side of the blank semi-finished part abuts against the second positioning surface.

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