A complete set of enzymatic reaction equipment and process for the enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of enzymatic hydrolysis technology of lignocellulose, and mainly discloses a complete set of enzymatic reaction equipment and process for the enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components. The complete set of equipment consists of a first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, a second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, a third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor, and a fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor connected in sequence. With photoenzyme reaction as the core, the equipment structure for the step-by-step enzymatic separation of components by compound enzymes is rationally designed. The different stirring structures set in each stage of the enzyme catalytic reactor give full play to their respective advantages, so that the material is fully mixed with the enzyme, accelerating the enzyme catalytic reaction, and achieving a uniform and thorough reaction to achieve maximum reaction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lignocellulose enzymatic hydrolysis technology, specifically to an enzyme-photoenzyme reaction apparatus and process for the biological enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components. Background Technology

[0002] Lignocellulose straws, including wheat straw, rice straw, corn straw, cotton straw, sugarcane bagasse, and reeds, are important biomass resources and one of the main sources of lignocellulose. They are similar in composition and structure, mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.

[0003] Cellulose is mainly composed of repeating cellobiose units and is a type of carbohydrate. β -D-glucose forms a homogeneous long-chain polymer linked by glycosidic bonds, with a structure consisting of crystalline and amorphous regions. Hemicellulose is mainly composed of several different types of monosaccharides, including pentoses (such as xylose and arabinose), hexoses (such as galactose, mannose, and glucose), and uronic acids (such as galacturonic acid), making it a heterogeneous polysaccharide. The hemicellulose of grass straw is mainly composed of polyarabinose-4-O-methylglucuronide xylose. Lignin is a three-dimensional network of aromatic polymers composed of phenylpropane units linked by carbon-carbon and ether bonds. The three monomers that make up lignin are guaiacol, syringylpropane, and p-hydroxyphenylpropane, which are covalently linked to form a complex three-dimensional network structure. Lignin is tightly linked to hemicellulose through ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid, and some lignin is linked to cellulose through chemical bonds, forming the straw cell wall structure, which protects the plant. However, this complex structure also limits the effective utilization of lignocellulose.

[0004] In traditional industrial production that separates lignocellulose fiber components, the most effective way to utilize lignocellulose straw is through high-temperature strong alkali cooking of straw pulping and high-temperature strong acid cooking of xylose (furfural) production. The problem with existing processes is that they produce black liquor or wastewater containing lignin components that are difficult to treat, making them industrial projects that are restricted or prohibited from development.

[0005] The bio-enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components has become a highly beneficial technological approach. Enzyme catalysis offers advantages such as being green, sustainable, and controllable. This process not only avoids environmental pollution but also produces a wide variety of high-value-added products, making it a potentially perfect solution to the environmental, efficiency, and stereochemical control challenges faced by traditional processes. The rapid development of synthetic biology has propelled the industrialization of enzyme preparations. While improving the catalytic activity of enzyme molecules through design and modification, the synergistic effect between enzyme and non-enzyme molecules also plays a crucial role, as seen in photocatalytic reactions. Light, an environmentally friendly, pollution-free, and abundant clean energy source, is considered a green "ideal reagent." On one hand, photocatalysis produces reactive chemical intermediates under mild conditions. Photocatalysis can not only utilize photo-regenerated cofactors to exert the natural activity of enzymes but also trigger non-natural enzyme reactivity, resulting in novel catalytic functions. On the other hand, leveraging the high selectivity and directional evolutionary nature of enzyme catalysis, photocatalysis can regulate photo-initiated reactive reaction intermediates, providing new solutions to the stereochemical control challenges in the field of photochemistry. Photocatalysis has been successfully applied to catalyze important biochemical reactions involving carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen, carbon-oxygen, and carbon-halogen bonds, demonstrating unique advantages in catalytic activity, reaction selectivity, and substrate spectrum expansion. Meanwhile, the development of novel, highly efficient photocatalysts has enriched the mechanistic pathways of photocatalysis, playing a particularly important role in the photocatalytic reaction of lignocellulase.

[0006] Due to the complexity of lignocellulose's structure, which comprises multiple components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin—each with significantly different chemical structures and physical properties—single enzyme combinations are insufficient for the efficient separation of these three components. Existing equipment and processes typically employ a single reaction system, a model that cannot meet the complex requirements of the enzyme-photocatalytic reaction needed for the separation of lignocellulose components.

[0007] Chinese invention patent CN116479670B discloses a process for multi-step enzymatic hydrolysis and separation of plant straw fiber components using a combination enzyme-photoenzyme. According to the order of the enzymatic hydrolysis sites of straw, combination enzymes are formed according to their enzymatic properties, providing four sets of composite enzymes. Combined with auxiliary promoters in the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, these enzymes are added sequentially to different enzymatic hydrolysis reactors to separate plant straw fiber components stepwise.

[0008] Existing processes and equipment have limitations in several key aspects:

[0009] 1. During the enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components, the physical properties of straw raw materials change after the primary enzyme catalysis reaction, one of which is softening. Because the density of straw raw materials is less than that of the fermentation broth or enzymatic hydrolysate, straw has a tendency to float. Upon entering the vertical secondary and tertiary enzymatic hydrolysis reactors, the floating straw reduces the contact area with the enzyme preparation, thus affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency.

[0010] 2. Based on the enzyme activity requirements of the third-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, the cooling device typically uses coils or jackets for cooling. Since the third-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reactor requires a light-transmitting port essential for the photoenzyme reaction, a coil cooling structure cannot achieve this. If a jacket structure is used, the jacket itself needs to have through-holes, making its manufacturing and assembly processes quite complex, significantly increasing the manufacturing cost of the reactor tank.

[0011] 3. In the fourth-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, after the first and second stages of enzymatic catalysis and the third stage of photoenzymatic catalysis, the material is in the form of a slurry and is placed in the fourth-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reactor for settling. The fourth-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reaction requires a relatively long time, and the large volume of slurry material is prone to stratification or localized excessive concentrations when left to stand. This is not conducive to sufficient contact between the enzyme and the substrate, thus affecting the efficiency of the fourth-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art. Based on the requirements of the above-mentioned process technology for equipment, this invention provides a complete set of enzymatic reaction equipment and process for separating lignocellulose components. According to the characteristics of enzyme catalytic reaction and the state changes of materials in the reaction system, the efficiency of each stage of enzymatic reaction is further improved, thereby reducing the enzymatic reaction time. This realizes the enzyme-photocatalytic reaction for separating lignocellulose components, separating lignocellulose into cellulose, hemicellulose pentoses and lignin components.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a complete set of enzyme reaction apparatus for enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components, comprising a first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, a second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, a third-stage photocatalytic reactor, and a fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor connected in sequence;

[0014] The complete set of devices of this invention realizes a reaction catalysis system with enzyme-photocatalysis as the core. The first and second stage enzyme catalysis of photocatalysis can be regarded as the "pretreatment" of the third stage enzyme catalysis. The fourth stage enzyme catalysis after the third stage is the "deep treatment" stage of enzyme-photocatalysis, so as to regulate the thoroughness of the catalytic reaction.

[0015] The first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor is a horizontal reactor with a horizontal stirring structure; the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor is a horizontal reactor with a vertical stirring structure, with two vertical stirring structures located at both ends of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor; the third-stage photocatalytic reactor is a horizontal reactor with a vertical stirring structure, with two vertical stirring structures located at both ends of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor; and the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor is a vertical reactor with a vertical stirring structure. The "complete set of equipment" of this invention consists of multiple multi-stage enzyme catalytic reactors with various stirring configurations. Depending on the properties of the materials, this "complete set of equipment" may include structures such as horizontal stirring, vertical stirring, and spiral propulsion. The straw flakes entering the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor show little change in physical morphology, floating on the surface. Horizontal stirring is used, requiring minimal mechanical power and facilitating the mixing of the material into the liquid-phase catalytic reaction system. After the initial catalytic reaction, the material's morphology changes from hard to soft, allowing it to enter the second-stage or third-stage photocatalytic reactor. Vertical stirring is then employed to achieve rapid mixing, thorough catalytic reaction, and reduced raw material consumption. The fourth-stage enzymatic hydrolysis requires a longer time, and large volumes of slurry material are prone to stratification or localized excessive concentrations when left to stand. A vertical stirring structure in the larger fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor promotes sufficient contact between the enzyme and substrate, thereby improving the efficiency of the fourth-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reaction.

[0016] The first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, the third-stage photocatalytic reactor, and the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor are all equipped with inlets and outlets, and the outlet of the upper-stage reactor is connected to the inlet of the lower-stage reactor. The first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, and the third-stage photocatalytic reactor are all equipped with enzyme preparation inlets, enzyme auxiliary agent inlets, pH adjuster inlets, breather valve interfaces, and spare ports, and are also equipped with temperature sensors, pressure sensors, pH sensors, and liquid level sensors.

[0017] The first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor is equipped with a steam heating device and an auxiliary heating device; the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor is equipped with a cooling device; the third-stage photocatalytic reactor has multiple light-transmitting ports evenly distributed on it; each light-transmitting port is sealed with a glass plate with good light transmission, and an external light source of a certain intensity irradiates the photocatalytic reaction system through the light-transmitting ports.

[0018] The volume of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor and the third-stage photocatalytic reactor is 70%-80% of the volume of the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, and the volume of the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor is 3-5 times the volume of the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor. In the second-stage and third-stage photocatalytic reactors, the raw materials soften and enter the liquid phase catalytic volume, resulting in a smaller "volume" compared to the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor. Therefore, the reduced volume of the second and third-stage enzyme catalytic reactors lowers manufacturing costs and facilitates uniform mixing. The reaction time of the fourth-stage enzyme catalysis is 3-5 times that of the first-stage enzyme catalysis reaction, hence the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor's volume is 3-5 times that of the first-stage reactor, enabling continuous production of the entire system.

[0019] The structure of lignocellulose straw consists of three components: hydrophobic lignin, hydrophilic hemicellulose, and cellulose. Cellulose molecules are interwoven into bundles and dispersed within the hemicellulose and lignin components, forming a structure similar to "reinforced concrete." Based on these characteristics, a device structure was designed with photoenzyme reaction as the core, rationally designed to progressively separate the components through a multi-stage enzymatic hydrolysis process. The reactions in the first and second stage enzyme reactors are front-end enzymatic catalysis reactions, loosening the lignocellulose straw structure to facilitate the photoenzyme catalysis reaction in the third stage, maximizing its catalytic efficiency. The fourth stage enzyme reactor is a deep enzymatic catalysis reaction, supplementing the photoenzyme catalysis reaction. The device structure is designed with different reactors to achieve optimal temperatures, pH values, and concentrations for different enzyme activities, allowing each reactor to play its specific role while functioning as a unified whole.

[0020] The horizontal stirring structure of the first-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reactor includes a first stirring shaft and a first stirring blade disposed on the first stirring shaft; the vertical stirring structure of the second-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reactor includes a second stirring shaft and a second stirring blade disposed on the second stirring shaft; the vertical stirring structure of the third-stage photoenzymatic hydrolysis reactor includes a third stirring shaft and a third stirring blade disposed on the third stirring shaft; the vertical stirring structure of the fourth-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reactor includes a fourth stirring shaft and a fourth stirring blade disposed on the fourth stirring shaft.

[0021] The steam heating device is a steam generator, which is connected to the first reactor tank through a steam interface. The auxiliary heating device is a heating coil, which is evenly distributed on the outer wall of the first reactor tank. The cooling device is a jacket, which is installed on the outer wall of the second reactor tank.

[0022] The first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, and the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor are all equipped with an external heat insulation layer.

[0023] Specifically, the first reactor tank of the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor has a horizontal tank structure. The axis of the first stirring shaft is parallel to the axis of the first reactor tank. Two sets of first stirring blades are symmetrically arranged on the first stirring shaft along the center line of the axis of the first reactor tank. Preferably, the first stirring blades are ribbon-type stirring blades. The two sets of first stirring blades circulate and stir, pushing the raw material from both ends of the reactor tank towards the center. The second reactor tank of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor has a horizontal tank structure. Two sets of second stirring shafts are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the axis of the second reactor tank. The axis of the second stirring shaft is perpendicular to the axis of the second reactor tank. Each set of second stirring shafts is equipped with second stirring blades. Selectedly, the second stirring blade is a paddle-type stirring blade; the third reactor tank of the third-stage photocatalytic reactor is a horizontal tank structure, with two sets of third stirring shafts symmetrically arranged along the centerline of the axis of the third reactor tank, the axis of the third stirring shaft being perpendicular to the axis of the third reactor tank, and each set of third stirring shafts being equipped with a third stirring blade, preferably, the third stirring blade is a paddle-type stirring blade; the fourth reactor tank of the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor is a vertical tank structure, with a fourth stirring shaft parallel to the axis of the fourth reactor tank arranged in the middle of the fourth reactor tank, and a fourth stirring blade arranged in the middle of the fourth stirring shaft, preferably, the fourth stirring blade is a portal-type stirring blade.

[0024] The fourth-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reactor is also equipped with a central-axis helical propeller, and a bottom helical propeller is also installed at the bottom of the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor. Specifically, the central-axis helical propeller uses a fourth stirring shaft as the screw, with a single helical ribbon arranged in the middle of the fourth stirring shaft. The bottom helical propeller is driven by a motor to rotate the single helical ribbon screw. Since the fourth discharge port is located at the bottom center of the fourth reactor tank, the single helical ribbons on the bottom helical propeller screw are symmetrically arranged along the centerline of the screw, and the helical directions are opposite. After the material has undergone the enzymatic reaction, the material is pushed out by the helical propeller at the bottom of the reactor and pumped into the next stage of solid-liquid separation process.

[0025] In the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, a first stirring shaft is connected to a first stirring motor. A first feed inlet is located at the top of the first reactor tank and is equipped with a valve. A first discharge outlet is located at the bottom of the first reactor tank and is also equipped with a valve. Multiple steam interfaces are located on the bottom side of the first reactor tank and are equipped with silencers with a porous structure. A first breather valve interface is located at the top of the first reactor tank and is equipped with a breather regulating valve. The first reactor tank is also equipped with a first pressure sensor inlet, a first pH sensor inlet, and a first temperature sensor inlet for mounting pressure, pH, and temperature sensors, respectively. A first manhole, a first pressure safety valve inlet, and two reserved ports are also provided, namely the first reserved port and the second reserved port.

[0026] In the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, a second stirring shaft is connected to a second stirring motor. A second feed inlet is located at the top of the second reactor tank and is equipped with a valve. A second discharge outlet is located at the bottom of the second reactor tank and is also equipped with a valve. A second breather valve interface is located at the top of the second reactor tank and is equipped with a breather regulating valve. The second reactor tank is also equipped with a second pressure sensor interface, a second pH sensor interface, and a second temperature sensor interface for installing pressure sensors, pH sensors, and temperature sensors, respectively. A second manhole and a third reserved opening are also provided.

[0027] In the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor, a third stirring shaft is connected to a third stirring motor. A third feed inlet is located at the top of the third reactor tank and is equipped with a valve. A third discharge outlet is located at the bottom of the third reactor tank and is also equipped with a valve. A third breather valve interface is located at the top of the reactor tank and is equipped with a breather regulating valve. The third reactor tank is also equipped with a third pressure sensor interface, a third pH sensor interface, and a third temperature sensor interface for installing pressure sensors, pH sensors, and temperature sensors, respectively. A third manhole and a fourth reserved opening are also provided.

[0028] In the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, the fourth inlet is located at the top of the fourth reactor tank and is equipped with a valve, and the fourth outlet is located at the bottom of the fourth reactor tank and is also equipped with a valve.

[0029] The enzyme-photoenzyme reaction apparatus for the enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components of this invention operates on the following principle: Based on the structural characteristics of lignocellulose, the specificity of biological enzymes, and the characteristics of the application scenarios, a one-pot enzymatic catalytic reaction is a rational approach, but it is difficult to achieve this goal in actual catalytic reaction systems. In the catalytic reactors of this apparatus, different composite enzymes are added to the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary enzyme catalytic reactors according to the flow path of the material to complete catalytic reactions with different objectives. Each reactor can adapt to different sites of lignocellulose component hydrolysis, different application scenarios (temperature, pH, etc.) of the composite enzymes, and different physical forms of the material. The use of multiple single-unit reactors to form a complete apparatus is an effective guarantee for the graded enzymatic separation of complex lignocellulose components from plant components.

[0030] An enzymatic reaction process for separating lignocellulose components includes the following steps:

[0031] S1. The processed and cleaned straw flakes are fed into the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, and water is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5-8 to form a reaction system. The stirring speed is 5-15 rpm, and the stirring method is circulating stirring. The corresponding compound enzyme preparation, enzyme aid, and pH adjuster are added to the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor. High-temperature steam is introduced into the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor to heat the material to the optimal enzyme activity temperature for the first-stage enzyme catalytic reaction. The optimal conditions for the enzyme reaction are maintained by feedback adjustment from sensors such as temperature, pressure, pH, and liquid level on the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor until the first-stage enzyme catalytic reaction is completed.

[0032] S2. After the reaction in the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor is completed, the material enters the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor. The stirring speed is 50-150 rpm, and the stirring method is unidirectional, intermittent forward and reverse stirring. The corresponding compound enzyme preparation, enzyme auxiliary agent, and pH adjuster are added to the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor. The material is cooled to the optimal enzyme activity temperature of 85-110℃ for the second-stage enzyme catalytic reaction through jacketed circulating water. The optimal enzyme reaction conditions are maintained by feedback adjustment from sensors on the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, such as temperature, pressure, pH, and liquid level, until the second-stage enzyme catalytic reaction is completed. In S2, 10 minutes before the end of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reaction, the material is further cooled to the optimal enzyme activity reaction temperature of 65-75℃ for the third-stage photocatalytic reaction.

[0033] S3. The material after the reaction in the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor is introduced into the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor. The stirring speed is 50-150 rpm, and the stirring method is unidirectional, intermittent forward and reverse stirring. The corresponding compound enzyme preparation, enzyme aid, and pH adjuster are added to the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor. The reactor tank is irradiated with light from an external light source under a certain light intensity. The optimal conditions for the enzyme reaction are maintained by feedback adjustment from sensors on the reactor tank, such as temperature, pressure, pH, and liquid level, until the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reaction is completed.

[0034] S4. After the reaction in the third-stage photocatalytic reactor is completed, the material enters the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor. The stirring speed is 20-60 rpm, the stirring method is circulating stirring, and the temperature is maintained at 40-60℃ by natural cooling. After the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reaction is completed, the material is pumped into the next stage solid-liquid separation equipment.

[0035] Preferably, in S1, the size of the cleaned straw flakes after processing and cleaning is 2-3 cm.

[0036] Preferably, in S2, when high-temperature steam is introduced into the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor to heat the material, heating is achieved through a heating coil.

[0037] Preferably, in S3, 5 minutes before the completion of the third-stage photoenzyme catalysis, the composite enzyme preparation required for the fourth-stage catalytic reaction is added.

[0038] Preferably, in S4, after the material undergoes the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reaction, it is delivered by the central screw propeller and the bottom screw propeller.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0040] This invention provides an enzyme and photoenzyme reaction apparatus and process for the enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components. This apparatus is a multi-stage reactor system that exhibits excellent performance in terms of reactor structure and process, based on the characteristics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and the state changes of materials in the reaction system.

[0041] (1) In the device of the present invention, a horizontal reactor with a vertical stirring structure is adopted in the structure of the second-stage enzyme reactor and the third-stage photoenzyme reactor. Compared with the prior art, the cross-sectional area of ​​the reaction vessel is increased and its height is reduced; the length of the vertical stirrer is reduced and the number of vertical stirrers is increased.

[0042] 1. From the perspective of shortening the stirring shaft: Due to the shorter stirring shaft, a higher stirring speed can be achieved with a small-power motor, making it easier for raw materials to enter the liquid-phase catalytic reaction system. Compared with a vertical reactor of the same volume, the power consumption of a horizontal reactor is reduced by about 50%. This design is particularly suitable for processing straw raw materials that are prone to floating, because high-speed stirring can ensure uniform contact between the straw and the enzyme preparation; it saves energy consumption; and the short stirring shaft design reduces wear and the risk of failure during the stirring process.

[0043] 2. From the perspective of increasing cross-sectional area and decreasing height: Increasing the cross-sectional area and decreasing the height allows the reaction vessel to better adapt to the characteristics of softened straw. Softened straw is more easily and evenly distributed within the vessel, resulting in more thorough contact with the enzyme preparation. Reducing the vessel height lowers the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid, thus reducing the risk of straw floating. Simultaneously, a larger cross-sectional area makes it easier for the stirrer to redistribute any floating straw back into the liquid during stirring. Even distribution means more straw material can contact and react with the enzyme preparation, thereby improving overall enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency.

[0044] (2) In the device of the present invention, a cooling structure is not set on the third-stage photoenzyme hydrolysis reactor. Instead, the second-stage enzyme reactor is used as the pre-cooling structure of the third-stage enzyme hydrolysis reactor. This avoids the problem that it is not easy to set a cooling device on the third-stage photoenzyme reactor which has light-transmitting ports. This can reduce the manufacturing cost of the third-stage photoenzyme hydrolysis reactor while meeting the light intensity requirements of the third-stage photoenzyme hydrolysis reaction, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of the photoenzyme hydrolysis reaction.

[0045] (3) In the fourth-stage enzyme reactor of the present invention, gantry-type stirring blades are used to generate stirring in the horizontal direction, breaking the agglomeration and stratification of materials. It is especially suitable for large-volume reaction systems, thereby significantly improving reaction efficiency. In the fourth-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reactor of the present invention, the vertical central shaft screw propeller can generate axial flow, effectively pushing the material to move from top to bottom in the reactor; it can form a three-dimensional stirring effect, ensuring that the material can be fully stirred and mixed in the middle and lower parts of the entire reactor. Through the synergistic stirring of the vertical screw propeller and the gantry-type stirring blades, the fluid velocity distribution in the reactor will become more uniform, avoiding the phenomenon of uneven reaction caused by excessively fast or slow local flow rates.

[0046] (4) Based on the optimal temperature requirements of enzyme catalytic reactions, this invention involves a stepwise cooling reaction with a high temperature. The first-stage enzyme catalytic reaction has the highest temperature, while the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reaction has the lowest temperature. The first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor features direct rapid steam heating and external coil auxiliary heating. The external coil auxiliary heating has two functions: assisting in heating the reactor before the reaction and regulating and maintaining the optimal temperature for the enzyme catalytic reaction during the reaction. The second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor is equipped with a jacket structure containing cold water for cooling. It has two functions: firstly, it reaches the optimal enzyme activity reaction temperature for the second-stage enzyme catalysis; secondly, before the second-stage enzyme catalysis ends, it continues to cool the feed solution to the optimal enzyme activity reaction temperature for the third-stage photocatalytic reaction; and thirdly, due to the low temperature and wide optimal catalytic temperature range of the enzyme activity curve, the fourth-stage enzyme catalysis adopts a natural cooling method. This design achieves an optimized combination of reactors within the overall reaction device to meet the reaction temperature requirements.

[0047] (5) The fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor of this invention is designed with a gate-type stirring blade in the middle. Due to the long residence time of the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reaction and the relatively large reaction tank, it is impossible to achieve uniform mixing by relying on the composite enzyme preparation used in the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor. This invention designs the inlet of the composite enzyme preparation used in the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reaction on the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor. Before the end of the third-stage photoenzyme reaction, the composite enzyme preparation used for the fourth-stage catalytic reaction is added into the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor. Because the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor is designed with a vertical stirring structure with excellent stirring, it is easy to make the enzyme preparation uniformly mixed in the liquid. At this time, the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor becomes the "pre-composite enzyme mixing stirrer" of the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor. The uniformly mixed liquid enters the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor. This design avoids the need to set up a high-speed stirring device in the large-volume fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, significantly reduces energy consumption, saves costs, and realizes the optimized combination of reactors in the overall reaction device. Attached Figure Description

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the complete set of biological enzyme reaction equipment for the enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components according to the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a front view of the structure of the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a top view of the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor structure of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 4 This is a front view of the structure of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a top view of the structure of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor of the present invention.

[0056] In the diagram: 1. First-stage enzyme catalytic reactor; 2. Second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor; 3. Third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor; 4. Fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor;

[0057] 1-1, First stirring motor; 1-2, First breather valve interface; 1-3, First enzyme preparation inlet; 1-4, First pH adjuster inlet; 1-5, First manhole; 1-6, First feed inlet; 1-7, First enzyme auxiliary agent inlet; 1-8, First reserved port; 1-9, Second reserved port; 1-10, First pressure sensor interface; 1-11, First pressure safety valve interface; 1-12, Steam interface; 1-13, Heating coil; 1-14, First discharge port; 1-15, First stirring blade; 1-16, First pH sensor interface; 1-17, First temperature sensor interface; 1-18, First reactor tank; 1-19, First stirring shaft;

[0058] 2-1 Second manhole; 2-2 Second stirring motor; 2-3 Second enzyme additive inlet; 2-4 Second enzyme preparation inlet; 2-5 Second feed inlet; 2-6 Second pressure sensor inlet; 2-7 Third reserved port; 2-8 Second breather valve interface; 2-9 Second discharge port; 2-10 Second stirring blades; 2-11 Cooling jacket; 2-12 Second pH sensor interface; 2-13 Second temperature sensor interface; 2-14 Second stirring shaft; 2-15 Second reactor tank;

[0059] 3-1. Third manhole; 3-2. Third stirring motor; 3-3. Third enzyme additive inlet; 3-4. Third enzyme preparation inlet; 3-5. Third feed inlet; 3-6. Fourth reserved port; 3-7. Third pressure sensor inlet; 3-8. Third breather valve interface; 3-9. Third stirring shaft; 3-10. Third discharge port; 3-11. Third pH sensor interface; 3-12. Third temperature sensor interface; 3-13. Light vent; 3-14. Third reactor tank; 3-15. Third stirring blades;

[0060] 4-1. Fourth stirring motor; 4-2. Central shaft screw propeller; 4-3. Fourth stirring blade; 4-4. Bottom screw propeller; 4-5. Fourth discharge port; 4-6. Fourth stirring shaft; 4-7. Fourth reactor tank. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, an enzymatic reaction apparatus for the separation of lignocellulose components includes a first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 1, a second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 2, a third-stage photocatalytic reactor 3, and a fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 4 connected in sequence. The apparatus implements a reaction catalytic system centered on enzyme-photocatalytic reactions. The first and second-stage photocatalytic reactors can be considered as "pretreatment" for the third-stage photocatalytic reactor 3. The fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 4, following the third-stage photocatalytic reactor 3, is the "deep treatment" stage of the enzyme-photocatalytic reaction, used to regulate the thoroughness of the catalytic reaction. Based on the structural characteristics of lignocellulose, the specificity of biological enzymes, and the characteristics of the application scenarios, different composite enzymes are added to the first, second, third, and fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactors according to the flow path of the material in the reactors to complete catalytic reactions with different objectives. Each stage of the reactor can adapt to different sites of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose components, different application scenarios (temperature, pH, etc.) of the composite enzymes, and different physical forms of the materials.

[0063] like Figure 2-7As shown, the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 1 is a horizontal reactor with a horizontal stirring structure; the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 2 is a horizontal reactor with a vertical stirring structure, with two vertical stirring structures located at both ends of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 2; the third-stage photocatalytic reactor 3 is a horizontal reactor with a vertical stirring structure, with two vertical stirring structures located at both ends of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 2; and the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 4 is a vertical reactor with a vertical stirring structure. The fourth-stage enzymatic reactor also includes a central helical propeller 4-2 and a bottom helical propeller 4-4.

[0064] The "complete set of equipment" of this invention consists of multiple multi-stage enzyme catalytic reactors with various stirring methods. Depending on the properties of the materials, this "complete set of equipment" includes structures such as horizontal stirring, vertical stirring, and screw propeller conveying. The straw flakes entering the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 1 have little physical change and float on the surface. Horizontal stirring is used, requiring minimal mechanical power and easily agitating the material into the liquid-phase catalytic reaction system. After the pre-catalytic reaction, the material's morphology changes from hard to soft, and it enters the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 2 or the third-stage photocatalytic reactor 3. Vertical stirring is used here to achieve rapid stirring, thorough catalytic reaction, and reduced raw material. In the larger fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 4, a screw propeller is used to evenly push out the slurry material after the reaction.

[0065] Specifically, such as Figure 2-3 As shown, the horizontal stirring structure of the first-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reactor includes a first stirring shaft 1-19 and first stirring blades 1-15 disposed on the first stirring shaft 1-19. The first reactor tank 1-18 of the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 1 is a horizontal tank structure. The axis of the first stirring shaft 1-19 is parallel to the axis of the first reactor tank 1-18. Two sets of first stirring blades 1-15 are symmetrically arranged on the first stirring shaft 1-19 along the center line of the axis of the first reactor tank 1-18. Preferably, the first stirring blades 1-15 are ribbon stirring blades. The two sets of first stirring blades 1-15 circulate and stir, so that the raw material is pushed from both ends of the reactor tank towards the center.

[0066] like Figure 4-5As shown, the vertical stirring structure of the second-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reactor includes a second stirring shaft 2-14 and second stirring blades 2-10 disposed on the second stirring shaft 2-14. The second reactor tank 2-15 of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 2 is a horizontal tank structure. Two sets of second stirring shafts 2-14 are symmetrically arranged along the centerline of the axis of the second reactor tank 2-15. The axis of the second stirring shaft 2-14 is perpendicular to the axis of the second reactor tank 2-15. Each set of second stirring shafts 2-14 is provided with second stirring blades 2-10. Preferably, the second stirring blades 2-10 are paddle-type stirring blades.

[0067] like Figure 6 As shown, the vertical stirring structure of the third-stage photoenzyme hydrolysis reactor includes a third stirring shaft 3-9 and a third stirring blade 3-15 disposed on the third stirring shaft 3-9. The third reactor tank 3-14 of the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor 3 is a horizontal tank structure. Two sets of third stirring shafts 3-9 are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the axis of the third reactor tank 3-14. The axis of the third stirring shaft 3-9 is perpendicular to the axis of the third reactor tank 3-14. Each set of third stirring shafts 3-9 is provided with a third stirring blade 3-15. Preferably, the third stirring blade 3-15 is a paddle-type stirring blade.

[0068] like Figure 7 As shown, the vertical stirring structure of the fourth-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reactor includes a fourth stirring shaft 4-6 and a fourth stirring blade 4-3 disposed on the fourth stirring shaft 4-6. The fourth reactor tank of the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 4 has a vertical tank structure. The fourth stirring shaft 4-6, which is parallel to the axis of the fourth reactor tank, is disposed in the middle of the fourth reactor tank. The fourth stirring blade 4-3 is disposed in the middle of the fourth stirring shaft 4-6. Preferably, the fourth stirring blade 4-3 is a portal-type stirring blade.

[0069] The central helical propeller 4-2 uses the fourth stirring shaft 4-6 as the screw, with a single helical ribbon arranged in the middle of the fourth stirring shaft 4-6. The bottom helical propeller 4-4 is driven by a motor to rotate the single helical ribbon screw. Since the fourth discharge port 4-5 is located at the bottom center of the fourth reactor tank, the single helical ribbons on the screw of the bottom helical propeller 4-4 are symmetrically arranged along the centerline of the screw, and the helical directions are opposite. After the material has undergone the enzyme reaction, it is pushed out by the helical propeller at the bottom of the reactor and pumped into the next stage of solid-liquid separation process.

[0070] like Figure 1-7As shown, the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 1, the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 2, the third-stage photocatalytic reactor 3, and the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 4 are all equipped with inlets and outlets, and the outlet of the upper-stage reactor is connected to the inlet of the next-stage reactor. The first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 1, the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 2, and the third-stage photocatalytic reactor 3 are all equipped with enzyme preparation inlets, enzyme auxiliary agent inlets, pH adjuster inlets, breather valve interfaces, and spare ports, and are also equipped with real-time monitoring components such as temperature, pressure, pH, and liquid level sensors.

[0071] Specifically, such as Figure 2-3 As shown, the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 1 is equipped with a first enzyme preparation inlet 1-3, a first enzyme aid inlet 1-7, a first pH adjuster inlet 1-4, and a first breathing valve interface 1-2; the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 2 is equipped with a second enzyme preparation inlet 2-4, a second enzyme aid inlet 2-3, and a second breathing valve interface 2-8; the third-stage photocatalytic reactor 3 is equipped with a third enzyme preparation inlet 3-4, a third enzyme aid inlet 3-3, and a third breathing valve interface 3-8.

[0072] Specifically, such as Figure 2-3 As shown, in the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 1, a steam inlet 1-12 with a silencer is provided, and an auxiliary heating coil 1-13 is provided on the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 1. An insulation layer is provided on the exterior of the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 1. Its stirring shaft is connected to a first stirring motor 1-1. A first feed inlet 1-6 is located at the top of the first reactor tank, and a valve is provided on the first feed inlet 1-6. A first discharge outlet 1-14 is located at the bottom of the reactor tank, and a valve is also provided on the discharge outlet. The steam inlet 1-12 with a silencer is located at the first stage of the reactor... The bottom side of the reactor tank has multiple steam inlets 1-12 with silencers. The first breather valve inlet 1-2 is located at the top of the first reactor tank and is equipped with a breather regulating valve. The first reactor tank is also equipped with a first pressure sensor inlet 1-10, a first pH sensor inlet 1-16, and a first temperature sensor inlet 1-17 for mounting pressure sensors, pH sensors, and temperature sensors, respectively. A first manhole 1-5, a first pressure safety valve inlet 1-11, a first reserved port 1-8, and a second reserved port 1-9 are also provided as spare inlets.

[0073] like Figure 4-5As shown, in the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 2, a cooling jacket 2-11 is provided on the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 2. The second stirring shaft is connected to the second stirring motor 2-2. The second feed inlet 2-5 is located at the top of the second reactor tank and is equipped with a valve closure device to open and close the feed inlet. The second discharge outlet 2-9 is located at the bottom of the second reactor tank and is also equipped with a valve. The breather valve interface is located at the top of the second reactor tank and is equipped with a breather regulating valve on the second breather valve interface 2-8. The second reactor tank is also equipped with a second pressure sensor inlet 2-6, a second pH sensor interface 2-12, and a second temperature sensor interface 2-13 for installing pressure sensors, pH sensors, and temperature sensors, respectively. A second manhole 2-1 and a third reserved opening 2-7 are also provided.

[0074] like Figure 6 As shown, in the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor 3, multiple light-transmitting ports 3-13 are evenly distributed on the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor 3. Each light-transmitting port 3-13 is sealed with a glass plate that allows good light transmission. An external light source of a certain intensity irradiates the photoenzyme catalytic reaction system through the light-transmitting ports 3-13. The third stirring shaft is connected to the third stirring motor 3-2. The third feed inlet 3-5 is located at the top of the third reactor tank and is equipped with a valve. The third discharge port 3-10 is located at the bottom of the third reactor tank and is also equipped with a valve. The third breather valve interface 3-8 is located at the top of the reactor tank and is equipped with a breather regulating valve. The third reactor tank is also equipped with a third pressure sensor inlet 3-7, a third pH sensor interface 3-11, and a third temperature sensor interface 3-12 for installing pressure sensors, pH sensors, and temperature sensors, respectively. A third manhole 3-1 and a fourth reserved opening 3-6 are also provided.

[0075] like Figure 7 As shown, in the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 4, the exterior of the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 4 is provided with a heat insulation layer, the fourth stirring shaft is connected to the fourth stirring motor 4-1, the fourth feed inlet is located at the top of the fourth reactor tank and a valve is provided on the fourth feed inlet, and the fourth discharge port 4-5 is located at the bottom of the fourth reactor tank and a valve is also provided on the fourth discharge port 4-5.

[0076] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the volume of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 2 and the third-stage photocatalytic reactor 3 is 70%-80% of the volume of the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 1, and the volume of the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 4 is 3-5 times the volume of the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 1. In the second-stage and third-stage enzyme catalytic reactors, because the raw materials soften and enter the liquid phase catalytic volume, the "volume" is smaller compared to the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor. Therefore, the volume of the second-stage and third-stage enzyme catalytic reactors is reduced, their manufacturing cost is lowered, and it is also beneficial for uniform stirring. The reaction time of the fourth-stage enzyme catalysis is 3-5 times that of the first-stage enzyme catalysis reaction time; therefore, the volume of the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor is 3-5 times the volume of the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, thus enabling continuous production of the complete set of equipment.

[0077] A process for an enzymatic reaction apparatus for the enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components includes the following steps:

[0078] S1. The processed and cleaned straw flakes are fed into the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, and water is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5-8 to form a reaction system. The stirring speed is 5-15 rpm, and the stirring method is circulating stirring. The corresponding compound enzyme preparation, enzyme aid, and pH adjuster are added to the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor. High-temperature steam is introduced into the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor to heat the material to the optimal enzyme activity temperature for the first-stage enzyme catalytic reaction. The optimal conditions for the enzyme reaction are maintained by feedback adjustment from sensors such as temperature, pressure, pH, and liquid level on the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor until the first-stage enzyme catalytic reaction is completed.

[0079] S2. After the reaction in the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor is completed, the material enters the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor. The stirring speed is 50-150 rpm, and the stirring method is unidirectional, intermittent forward and reverse stirring. The corresponding compound enzyme preparation, enzyme auxiliary agent, and pH adjuster are added to the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor. The material is cooled to the optimal enzyme activity temperature of 85-110℃ for the second-stage enzyme catalytic reaction through jacketed circulating water. The optimal enzyme reaction conditions are maintained by feedback adjustment from sensors on the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor, such as temperature, pressure, pH, and liquid level, until the second-stage enzyme catalytic reaction is completed. In S2, 10 minutes before the end of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reaction, the material is further cooled to the optimal enzyme activity reaction temperature of 65-75℃ for the third-stage photocatalytic reaction.

[0080] S3. The material after the reaction in the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor is introduced into the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor. The stirring speed is 50-150 rpm, and the stirring method is unidirectional, intermittent forward and reverse stirring. The corresponding compound enzyme preparation, enzyme aid, and pH adjuster are added to the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor. The reactor tank is irradiated with light from an external light source under a certain light intensity. The optimal conditions for the enzyme reaction are maintained by feedback adjustment from sensors on the reactor tank, such as temperature, pressure, pH, and liquid level, until the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reaction is completed.

[0081] S4. After the reaction in the third-stage photocatalytic reactor is completed, the material enters the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor. The stirring speed is 20-60 rpm, the stirring method is circulating stirring, and the temperature is maintained at 40-60℃ by natural cooling. After the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reaction is completed, the material is pumped into the next stage solid-liquid separation equipment.

[0082] Preferably, in S1, the size of the cleaned straw flakes after processing and cleaning is 2-3 cm.

[0083] Preferably, in S2, when high-temperature steam is introduced into the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor to heat the material, heating is achieved through a heating coil.

[0084] Preferably, in S3, 5 minutes before the completion of the third-stage photoenzyme catalysis, the composite enzyme preparation required for the fourth-stage catalytic reaction is added.

[0085] Preferably, in S4, after the material undergoes the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reaction, it is delivered by the central screw propeller and the bottom screw propeller.

[0086] Example

[0087] S1. After online weighing of washed 2-3cm straw flakes, a certain weight of straw material is fed into the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 1 through the feed inlet at the top of the reactor, forming a reaction system with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6. The reactor is a horizontal tank structure with a stirring shaft parallel to the tank body and a stirring speed of 10 rpm. The stirring blades push the raw material from both ends to the center for circulation and stirring. An insulation layer is added to the outside. The corresponding compound enzyme preparation, enzyme aid, and pH adjuster are added through different inlets on the reactor tank. At the same time, the reactor is heated by a direct steam heater with a silencer and a coil auxiliary heating, and the breathing valve is adjusted to achieve the application scenario of enzyme catalytic reaction (temperature 95℃, pH 8.5). The temperature, pressure, pH, and liquid level sensors on the reactor are monitored in real time. The enzyme hydrolysis is stirred for 2 hours, and the enzyme catalytic reaction is adjusted to complete the first stage.

[0088] S2. After the first-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, the material enters the second-stage enzymatic catalytic reactor 2, and the inlet valve is closed. The stirring speed of the vertical stirring structure in the second-stage enzymatic catalytic reactor is 110 rpm, and the total power of the two first stirring motors is 20 KW / h. If a vertical reactor with a vertical stirring structure is used, its power is 45 KW / h. The volume is 80% of the volume of the first-stage enzymatic catalytic reactor 1. The outside is a jacketed insulation layer. There is an outlet and valve at the bottom. The cooling control of the second-stage enzymatic catalytic reactor is completed by the circulating water system formed by the tank jacket, cooling to 85℃, and the pH is natural. The reactor has an enzyme preparation inlet, an auxiliary agent inlet, a breathing regulating valve, and a spare inlet. The reactor has elements for real-time monitoring such as temperature, pressure, pH, and liquid level sensors. After stirring and enzymatic hydrolysis for 1.5 hours, 10 minutes before the end of the second-stage enzymatic catalytic reaction, the material is further cooled to the enzyme activity reaction temperature of 75℃ for the third-stage photocatalytic reaction.

[0089] S3. After entering the third-stage photocatalytic reactor 3 through the inlet connected to the discharge port of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 2, the inlet valve is closed. The reactor is a horizontal tank structure with vertical stirring structures at both ends. The stirring speed is 100 rpm, and the total power of the two first stirring motors is 20 KW / h. If a vertical reactor with a vertical stirring structure is used, its power is 45 KW / h. The volume is the same as that of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor. There is a light-transmitting port 3-13 sealed with glass on the tank of the reactor. Light of a certain wavelength shines through the light-transmitting port 3-13 to irradiate the inside of the reactor to cause the photocatalytic reaction. The light intensity is 45 mW / cm². 2 The reactor has an enzyme inlet, an auxiliary agent inlet, a breathing control valve, and a spare inlet. It also has sensors for real-time monitoring of temperature, pressure, pH, and liquid level. The stirring and enzymatic hydrolysis time is 1.5 hours. Five minutes before the completion of the third-stage photocatalytic reaction, the composite enzyme preparation required for the fourth-stage catalytic reaction is added. This ensures uniform mixing of the composite enzyme preparation in the fourth-stage catalytic reactor, overcoming the problem of requiring a high-powered stirrer due to the large size of the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (tank 4).

[0090] S4. Five minutes before the completion of the third-stage photoenzyme catalysis, the composite enzyme preparation required for the fourth-stage catalytic reaction is added. Because the third-stage photoenzyme reactor 3 is designed with a superior vertical stirring structure, the enzyme preparation is easily and evenly mixed in the liquid. At this point, the third-stage photoenzyme reactor becomes the "pre-mixing and stirring device" for the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 4. The evenly mixed liquid enters the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 4 through the inlet connected to the discharge port of the third-stage photoenzyme reactor 3. After entering the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor 4, the inlet valve is closed, and the stirring speed is 20 rpm. The reactor tank has a vertical reaction tank structure, with a volume three times that of the first-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reactor. It has a central spiral propeller, a fourth stirring blade at the bottom, and a spiral propeller perpendicular to the tank body at the bottom, with an added insulation layer. The enzymatic hydrolysis reaction time is 6 hours. After the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reaction is completed, the material is pushed out by the spiral propeller at the bottom of the reactor and pumped into the next stage solid-liquid separation equipment.

[0091] Compared with the prior art, under the condition that other process steps and parameters are the same, the material properties of the intermediate products and the final products are basically the same. However, the power of the second-stage enzymatic hydrolysis reactor and the third-stage photoenzymatic hydrolysis reactor is reduced by about 50%, while the overall enzyme reaction time is reduced by about 25%.

[0092] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A complete set of enzymatic reaction apparatus for the enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components, characterized in that: It includes a first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (1), a second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (2), a third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor (3), and a fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (4) connected in sequence. The first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (1) is a horizontal reactor with a horizontal stirring structure, the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (2) is a horizontal reactor with a vertical stirring structure, and the two vertical stirring structures are set at both ends of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (2), the third-stage photocatalytic reactor (3) is a horizontal reactor with a vertical stirring structure, and the two vertical stirring structures are set at both ends of the third-stage photocatalytic reactor (3), and the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (4) is a vertical reactor with a vertical stirring structure; the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (4) is also equipped with a central axis spiral propeller (4-2) and a bottom spiral propeller (4-4). The first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (1), the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (2), the third-stage photocatalytic reactor (3), and the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (4) are all equipped with inlets and outlets, and the outlet of the upper-stage reactor is connected to the inlet of the next-stage reactor; the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (1), the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (2), and the third-stage photocatalytic reactor (3) are all equipped with enzyme preparation inlets, enzyme auxiliary agent inlets, pH adjuster inlets, breather valve interfaces and spare ports, and are also equipped with temperature sensors, pressure sensors, pH sensors and liquid level sensors; The first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (1) is equipped with a steam heating device and an auxiliary heating device; the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (2) is equipped with a cooling device, which is a cooling jacket (2-11), and the cooling jacket (2-11) is installed on the outer wall of the second reactor tank (2-15); the third-stage photocatalytic reactor (3) is evenly distributed with multiple light-transmitting ports (3-13). The volume of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (2) and the third-stage photocatalytic reactor (3) is 70%-80% of the volume of the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (1), and the volume of the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (4) is 3-5 times the volume of the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (1). The vertical stirring structure of the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (4) includes a fourth stirring shaft (4-6) and a fourth stirring blade (4-3). The fourth stirring shaft (4-6) is provided with a fourth stirring blade (4-3), and the fourth stirring blade (4-3) is a gate-type stirring blade. The single spiral ribbons on the screw of the bottom spiral propeller (4-4) are symmetrically arranged along the centerline of the screw, and the spiral directions are opposite. The first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (1) has a horizontal stirring structure including a first stirring shaft (1-19) and first stirring blades (1-15). Two sets of first stirring blades (1-15) are symmetrically arranged on the first stirring shaft (1-19) along the centerline of the axis of the first reactor tank (1-18). The second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (2) has a vertical stirring structure including a second stirring shaft (2-14) and second stirring blades (2-10). Two sets of first stirring blades (1-15) are symmetrically arranged on the first stirring shaft (1-19) along the centerline of the axis of the second reactor tank (2-15). Two sets of second stirring shafts (2-14) are symmetrically arranged along the center line, and each set of second stirring shafts (2-14) is equipped with a second stirring blade (2-10); the vertical stirring structure of the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor (3) includes a third stirring shaft (3-9) and a third stirring blade (3-15). Two sets of third stirring shafts (3-9) are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the axis of the third reactor tank (3-14), and each set of third stirring shafts (3-9) is equipped with a third stirring blade (3-15).

2. The complete set of enzymatic reaction apparatus for the enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steam heating device is a steam generator, which is connected to the first reactor tank (1-18) through a steam interface (1-12). The auxiliary heating device is a heating coil (1-13), which is evenly distributed on the outer wall of the first reactor tank (1-18).

3. The complete set of enzymatic reaction apparatus for the enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first stirring blade (1-15) is a ribbon stirring blade, the second stirring blade (2-10) is a paddle stirring blade, and the third stirring blade (3-15) is a paddle stirring blade.

4. The complete set of enzymatic reaction apparatus for the enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (1), the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (2), and the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (4) are all equipped with an insulation layer.

5. A complete set of enzymatic reaction apparatus for the enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The first stirring shaft (1-19) of the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (1) is connected to the first stirring motor (1-1). The first feed inlet (1-6) is located at the top of the first reactor tank (1-18), and the first discharge outlet (1-14) is located at the bottom of the first reactor tank (1-18). Valves are provided on both the first feed inlet (1-6) and the first discharge outlet (1-14). A steam interface (1-12) with a silencer is located on the bottom side of the first reactor tank (1-18). Multiple steam interfaces (1-12) with silencers are provided. The first breathing valve interface (1- 2) A breathing regulating valve is installed on the top of the first reactor tank (1-18) and on the first breathing valve interface (1-2); the first reactor tank (1-18) is also provided with a first pressure sensor interface (1-10), a first pH sensor interface (1-16) and a first temperature sensor interface (1-17) for installing pressure sensors, pH sensors and temperature sensors respectively; the first reactor tank (1-18) is also provided with a first manhole (1-5), a first pressure safety valve interface (1-11) and a first reserved port (1-8) and a second reserved port (1-9).

6. A complete set of enzymatic reaction apparatus for the enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The second stirring shaft (2-14) in the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (2) is connected to the second stirring motor (2-2). The second feed inlet (2-5) is located at the top of the second reactor tank (2-15), and the second discharge outlet (2-9) is located at the bottom of the second reactor tank (2-15). Valves are provided on both the second feed inlet (2-5) and the second discharge outlet (2-9). The second breather valve interface (2-8) is located at the top of the second reactor tank (2-15), and a breather regulating valve is provided on the second breather valve interface (2-8). The second reactor tank (2-15) is also provided with a second pressure sensor inlet (2-6), a second pH sensor interface (2-12), and a second temperature sensor interface (2-13) for installing pressure sensors, pH sensors, and temperature sensors, respectively. The second reactor tank (2-15) is also provided with a second manhole (2-1) and a third reserved opening (2-7).

7. A complete set of enzymatic reaction apparatus for the enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The third stirring shaft (3-9) of the third-stage photoenzyme catalytic reactor (3) is connected to the third stirring motor (3-2). The third feed inlet (3-5) is located at the top of the third reactor tank (3-14), and the third discharge outlet (3-10) is located at the bottom of the third reactor tank (3-14). Valves are provided on both the third feed inlet (3-5) and the third discharge outlet (3-10). The third breather valve interface (3-8) is located at the top of the third reactor tank (3-14), and a breather regulating valve is provided on the third breather valve interface (3-8). The third reactor tank (3-14) is also provided with a third pressure sensor inlet (3-7), a third pH sensor interface (3-11), and a third temperature sensor interface (3-12) for installing pressure sensors, pH sensors, and temperature sensors, respectively. The third reactor tank (3-14) is also provided with a third manhole (3-1) and a fourth reserved port (3-6).

8. A complete set of enzymatic reaction apparatus for the enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The fourth feed inlet of the fourth stage enzyme catalytic reactor (4) is located at the top of the fourth reactor tank (4-7), and the fourth discharge port (4-5) is located at the bottom of the fourth reactor tank (4-7). Valves are provided on both the fourth feed inlet and the fourth discharge port (4-5).

9. A process for enzymatic reaction of lignocellulose components using a complete set of enzymatic reaction apparatus for the enzymatic separation of lignocellulose components according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. The processed and cleaned straw flakes are fed into the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (1), and water is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5-8 to form a reaction system; the stirring speed is 5-15 rpm, and the stirring method is circulating stirring. Compound enzyme preparation, enzyme aid, and pH adjuster are added to the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (1); the material in the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (1) is heated to the enzyme activity temperature of the first-stage enzyme catalytic reaction of 85°C using a steam heating device. 110℃; The enzyme reaction conditions are maintained by feedback adjustment through temperature sensors, pressure sensors, pH sensors, and liquid level sensors on the first reactor tank until the first-stage enzyme catalytic reaction is completed; S2. The material after the reaction in the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (1) is introduced into the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (2). The stirring speed is 50-150 rpm, and the stirring method is unidirectional, intermittent forward and reverse stirring. Compound enzyme preparation, enzyme aid, and pH adjuster are added to the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (2). The material is cooled to the enzyme activity temperature of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reaction of 80°C using a cooling device. 90℃; the enzyme reaction conditions are maintained by feedback adjustment using temperature sensors, pressure sensors, pH sensors, and liquid level sensors on the second reactor tank. Ten minutes before the end of the second-stage enzyme catalytic reaction, the material is further cooled to the enzyme activity temperature of the third-stage photocatalytic reaction, 65℃. 75℃; S3. After the reaction in the second-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (2) is completed, the material enters the third-stage photocatalytic reactor (3). The stirring speed is 50-150 rpm, and the stirring method is in the same direction, intermittent forward and reverse stirring. Add compound enzyme preparation, enzyme aid, and pH adjuster to the third-stage photocatalytic reactor (3). Irradiate the reactor tank through the light port (3-13) on the reactor tank through an external light source. The enzyme reaction conditions are maintained by feedback adjustment through the temperature sensor, pressure sensor, pH sensor, and liquid level sensor on the third reactor tank until the third-stage photocatalytic reaction is completed. S4. The material after the reaction in the third-stage photocatalytic reactor (3) enters the fourth-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (4), with a stirring speed of 20-60 rpm and a natural cooling method to maintain the temperature at 40°C. At 60℃, after the material undergoes the fourth stage of enzyme catalysis, it is pumped into the next stage of solid-liquid separation equipment.

10. The enzymatic reaction process for lignocellulose components according to claim 9, characterized in that: In S1, when steam is introduced into the first-stage enzyme catalytic reactor (1) to heat the material, an auxiliary heating device is used for coordinated heating.

11. The enzymatic reaction process for lignocellulose components according to claim 9, characterized in that: In S3, 5 minutes before the completion of the third-stage photocatalytic reaction, the complex enzyme preparation required for the fourth-stage catalytic reaction is added and stirred at a speed of 50-150 rpm.

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