Pagoda type natural graphite crushing and shaping device

Abstract

The invention discloses a pagoda type natural graphite crushing and shaping device, which belongs to the field of graphite preparation, and comprises a shell, a spheroidizing mechanism, a powder selecting mechanism and a base, the shell comprises a top cover plate, an upper conical barrel, a lower conical barrel, a middle barrel and a lower barrel, and the lower barrel, the middle barrel, the lower conical barrel, the upper conical barrel and the top cover plate are sequentially connected through bolts at the top end of the base; three gear rings are mounted in the middle barrel and the lower barrel; a top cover plate of the shell is connected with the powder selecting mechanism through a sealing cover; the shell is connected with the spheroidizing mechanism, and the spheroidizing mechanism comprises a three-layer pagoda type grinding disc and a spheroidizing motor; the three-layer pagoda type grinding disc comprises a bottom-layer grinding disc, a second-layer grinding disc and a third-layer grinding disc. Through linkage crushing of the three stages of millstones, the grinding strength is improved step by step, and invalid repeated machining is avoided. And meanwhile, the particle collision probability is increased, energy consumption is greatly reduced, energy conservation, environmental protection and economic benefits are guaranteed, energy consumption is optimized, the maintenance cost is low, and local overhaul is facilitated through a layered structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of graphite preparation, in particular to a pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device. Background Art

[0002] Graphite is a key anode material for lithium batteries. Natural flake graphite requires spheroidization to transform it into spherical graphite, thereby improving its tap density, flowability, and electrochemical properties to meet battery material requirements. Currently, the industry primarily uses mechanical grinding for spheroidization. Through the combined effects of mechanical collision, shear, and friction between the particles and the grinding disc, plastic deformation is achieved, gradually transforming the flaky particles into a spherical structure. Key equipment includes stirred mills, high-speed air impact granulators, and air vortex micronizers, but all have limitations. Stirred mills employ wet grinding and are primarily used for laboratory production of microcrystalline spherical graphite. High-speed air impact granulators, due to their limited capacity, only produce 200g of material per batch and are not yet widely used. Air vortex micronizers are widely used for producing spherical graphite due to their simple structure and ease of use. However, these machines have low particle crushing efficiency. Current natural graphite spheroidization processes often involve a cascade of dozens of devices, resulting in low production efficiency and high energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to some existing problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a pagoda-type natural graphite crushing and shaping device to solve the problems of low crushing efficiency of current natural graphite spheroidization equipment, resulting in long production lines, low production efficiency and high energy consumption.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device includes a shell, a spheroidizing mechanism, a powder selecting mechanism and a base; the shell includes a top cover, an upper cone cylinder, a lower cone cylinder, a middle cylinder and a lower cylinder; the top of the base is connected in sequence with bolts to the lower cylinder, the middle cylinder, the lower cone cylinder, the upper cone cylinder and the top cover; three gear rings are installed inside the middle cylinder and the lower cylinder; the top cover of the shell is connected to the powder selecting mechanism through a sealing cover; the shell is connected to the spheroidizing mechanism, and the spheroidizing mechanism includes three layers of pagoda-shaped grinding discs, balls motor; the three-layer pagoda-shaped grinding disc consists of the bottom grinding disc, the second grinding disc and the third grinding disc. The third grinding disc, the second grinding disc and the bottom grinding disc are installed on the spheroidizing main shaft from top to bottom. The bottom grinding disc, the second grinding disc and the third grinding disc are respectively installed with corresponding grinding blocks. The bottom end of the bottom grinding disc is connected to the grinding disc base through a labyrinth sealing end cover. A small pulley is provided at the bottom end of the spheroidizing main shaft, and a dust cover is provided at the top end of the spheroidizing main shaft. A large pulley is provided on the output shaft of the spheroidizing motor, and a belt connects the large pulley and the small pulley.

[0006] As a further solution of the present invention: the top cover plate is externally provided with a discharge port.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: the upper cone body is connected to a material delivery pipeline, and the material delivery pipeline is fixed inside the upper cone body through a support plate.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: an air inlet is provided on the outside of the lower cylinder.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: a coupling is installed on the output shaft of the powder selection motor, and the coupling is connected to the grading rotor. The grading rotor includes a rotor top plate, rotor blades, rotor ribs, and a rotor bottom plate.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: a rotor rib plate is provided between the rotor top plate and the rotor bottom plate, and rotor blades are evenly provided on the side walls of the rotor rib plate.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: eight grinding blocks are evenly arranged on the bottom grinding disc.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the second-layer grinding disc and the third-layer grinding disc are both evenly provided with six grinding blocks.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: the powder selection motor is arranged on a motor bracket, and the motor bracket is installed on a support seat.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: the support seat is connected to the top cover plate in the shell.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device of the present invention has significant advantages in terms of graphite spheroidization efficiency, product uniformity, energy consumption control and degree of automation through the innovative design of multi-layer collaborative grinding, dynamic airflow sorting and closed-loop return system. Through the three-stage grinding disc linkage crushing, the grinding intensity is gradually improved to avoid ineffective repeated processing. The three-layer gear ring and the grinding disc form a shear-collision composite force field, which greatly improves the grinding efficiency compared with the single-stage grinding, reduces the mechanical load of the grinding disc, and increases the probability of particle collision, greatly reducing energy consumption. The rotor sorting technology is used to achieve precise control of particle size, greatly improving the qualified rate of finished products, ensuring energy conservation, environmental protection and economic benefits, optimizing energy consumption, and low maintenance costs. The layered structure is convenient for local maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a front view of the shell part of a pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device.

[0019] Figure 3This is a front view of the spheroidizing mechanism in a pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device.

[0020] Figure 4 The diagram shows the structure of the bottom grinding disc in a pagoda-shaped grinding disc of a spheroidizing mechanism in a pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device.

[0021] Figure 5 The diagram shows the structure of the second grinding disc in the pagoda-shaped grinding disc of the spheroidizing mechanism in a pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device.

[0022] Figure 6 The diagram shows the structure of the third grinding disc in a pagoda-shaped grinding disc of a spheroidizing mechanism in a pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the powder selection mechanism in a pagoda-type natural graphite crushing and shaping device.

[0024] In the figure: 1. powder selection motor, 2. motor bracket, 3. support seat, 4. top cover, 5. upper cone cylinder, 6. lower cone cylinder, 7. middle cylinder, 8. lower cylinder, 9. base, 10. spheroidizing motor, 11. sealing cover, 12. feed pipe, 13. support plate, 14. gear ring, 15. dust cover, 16. spheroidizing spindle, 17. grinding block, 18. third layer grinding disc, 19. second layer grinding disc, 20. bottom layer grinding disc, 21. labyrinth seal end cover, 22. grinding disc base, 23. small pulley, 24. belt, 25. large pulley, 26. coupling, 27. rotor top plate, 28. rotor blade, 29. rotor rib plate, 30. rotor bottom plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "provided with," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense; for example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they may refer to direct connections or indirect connections via an intermediate medium; and they may refer to internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific contexts.

[0027] The present invention achieves efficient spheroidization of graphite micropowder through the combined action of mechanical and airflow, and is particularly suitable for high-end application scenarios such as lithium battery negative electrode materials.

[0028] See also Figure 1-7 A pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device includes a shell, a spheroidizing mechanism, a powder selecting mechanism and a base 9; the shell includes a top cover plate 4, an upper cone cylinder 5, a lower cone cylinder 6, a middle cylinder 7, and a lower cylinder 8. The top of the base 9 is connected in sequence by bolts to the lower cylinder 8, the middle cylinder 7, the lower cone cylinder 6, the upper cone cylinder 5, and the top cover plate 4;

[0029] The top cover plate 4 is connected to the discharge port, the upper conical cylinder 5 is connected to the feed pipe 12, and the feed pipe 12 is fixed to the inside of the upper conical cylinder 5 through the support plate 13. The lower cylinder 8 is connected to the air inlet. A total of three gear rings 14 are installed inside the middle cylinder 7 and the lower cylinder 8. The shell assembly forms a closed grinding chamber, guiding the material to be crushed step by step from top to bottom. The conical cylinder and the straight cylinder are combined to form a tapered flow channel, which cooperates with the airflow of the air inlet to achieve material suspension and collision. The three-layer gear ring and the grinding disc form a shear grinding zone, which enhances the frequency of particle collision. The feed pipe 12 and the support plate 13 pipeline extend to the top of the third layer of grinding disc to ensure accurate feeding of raw materials. The support plate fixes the pipeline to avoid vibration deviation.

[0030] The top cover plate 4 of the shell is connected to the powder selection mechanism 1 through a sealing cover 11; the shell is connected to the spheroidizing mechanism, which includes a three-layer pagoda-shaped grinding disc and a spheroidizing motor 10; the three-layer pagoda-shaped grinding disc is a bottom grinding disc 20, a second grinding disc 19, and a third grinding disc 18. The third grinding disc 18, the second grinding disc 19, and the bottom grinding disc 20 are installed on the spheroidizing spindle 16 from top to bottom; the bottom grinding disc 20, the second grinding disc 19, and the third grinding disc 18 are respectively installed with corresponding grinding blocks 17, and the bottom end of the bottom grinding disc 20 is connected to the grinding disc base 22 through a labyrinth sealing end cover 21; a small pulley 23 is provided at the bottom end of the spheroidizing spindle 16, and a dust cover 15 is provided at the top of the spheroidizing spindle 16; a large pulley 25 is provided on the output shaft of the spheroidizing motor 10, and a belt 24 connects the large pulley 25 and the small pulley 23;

[0031] The three grinding wheels correspond to the ring gear 14 inside the housing, providing three levels of grinding in operation. The spheroidizing motor 10 drives the three grinding wheels via a pulley drive. The housing and spheroidizing mechanism are mounted on the base 9 via bolts and nuts. Graphite feedstock enters through the feed pipe 12 and falls through the pores in the third and second grinding wheels 18 and 19 onto the bottom grinding wheel 20. The internal airflow drives the material through collision and grinding between the ring gear, grinding wheels, and grinding blocks. Adjusting the speed of the spheroidizing motor 10 allows for real-time control of the collision frequency between the material and the grinding wheels. The bottom, second, and third grinding wheels 19, 18, work together to achieve multi-stage spheroidization, improving graphite spheroidization efficiency. The pagoda-style grinding wheel system features a hierarchical design. The third grinding wheel 18 is the coarse crushing zone, dispersing large particles. The second grinding wheel 19 is the transitional crushing zone, where the pores control the material drop rate. The bottom grinding wheel 20 is the fine grinding zone, with eight grinding blocks enhancing final grinding strength. Motor 10 drives the three grinding discs via belt 24 to rotate synchronously, achieving continuous graded crushing of materials and preventing over-grinding. The modular grinding block 17 and labyrinth seal 21 are interchangeable to accommodate varying particle size requirements. The labyrinth structure prevents powder leakage and extends bearing life.

[0032] The powder selection motor 1 is arranged on the motor bracket 2, the motor bracket 2 is installed on the support base 3, and the support base 3 is connected to the top cover plate 4 in the shell.

[0033] A coupling 26 is mounted on the output shaft of the powder selection motor 1. This coupling 26 connects to the classifying rotor, which comprises a rotor top plate 27, rotor blades 28, rotor ribs 29, and a rotor bottom plate 30. Rotor ribs 29 are located between the top and bottom plates 27 and 30, and rotor blades 28 are evenly distributed along the sidewalls of the rotor ribs 29. A sealing cover 11 prevents material from escaping. The powder selection motor 1 directly drives the rotor blades 28 via the coupling 26. Driven by internal airflow, the ground material passes through the rotor blades 28. Small particles pass directly through the top cover 4 and into the discharge port, while larger particles pass through one end of the feed pipe 12 and return to the top of the third grinding disc 18 for further grinding. The high-speed rotation of the classifying rotor blades 28 in the powder selection mechanism generates a centrifugal force field, allowing qualified small particles to escape with the airflow while coarse particles are thrown back into the grinding zone. The support provided by the ribs 29 ensures high-speed rotor stability and prevents vibration. The material is then collected through the discharge port of the top cover 4. The coarse particles are fed back to the third grinding disc through the feed pipe 12, forming a closed-loop optimization.

[0034] Eight grinding blocks 17 are evenly arranged on the bottom grinding disc 20, and six grinding blocks 17 are evenly arranged on the second grinding disc 19 and the third grinding disc 18. Graphite powder falls onto the pagoda-shaped grinding disc through the feeding pipe, and the material is subjected to multi-stage spheroidization and crushing. The qualified material is screened out by the powder selection mechanism, and the unqualified material continues to be spheroidized on the grinding disc.

[0035] The inlet airflow suspends the material, reducing the load on the grinding disc and reducing the chance of collision. Adjusting the speed of the spheroidizing motor 10 precisely controls the grinding intensity to accommodate materials of varying hardness. The sealing cover 11 and dust cover 15 provide dual protection against environmental contamination.

[0036] The pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device of the present invention has significant advantages in graphite spheroidization efficiency, product uniformity, energy consumption control and degree of automation through the innovative design of multi-layer collaborative grinding, dynamic airflow sorting and closed-loop return system.

[0037] The present invention uses three-stage grinding disc linkage to crush the material. The material passes through the coarse crushing on the third layer → the medium crushing on the second layer → the fine grinding disc on the bottom layer in sequence. The number of grinding blocks on each layer increases (6 → 6 → 8), and the grinding intensity is improved step by step to avoid ineffective repeated processing.

[0038] The gear rings of the present invention work in synergy: the three-layer gear rings and the grinding disc form a shear-collision composite force field, which greatly improves the grinding efficiency compared with a single-stage grinding process, and is particularly suitable for high-hardness natural graphite.

[0039] The air flow from the bottom air inlet of the present invention fluidizes the material, reduces the mechanical load of the grinding disc, and increases the probability of particle collision, thereby greatly reducing energy consumption.

[0040] The dynamic powder selection closed-loop system of this invention achieves precise particle size control through rotor sorting technology. The powder selection motor drives the high-speed rotor blades to generate a strong centrifugal force field, allowing qualified fine powder to overflow and be collected, while coarse particles are thrown back to the grinding area. This high sorting accuracy meets the demanding requirements of lithium battery negative electrode materials, such as the separation of coarse particles. The coarse particles are returned to the third grinding disc through the feed pipe 12 for repeated processing without manual intervention, significantly improving the qualified product rate.

[0041] The present invention adjusts the rotation speed of the spheroidizing motor 10 to control the linear speed of the grinding disc in real time, adapting to different crystallinity graphite raw materials. The grinding block 17 is modular: grinding blocks of different materials and shapes, such as tungsten carbide and ceramic, can be quickly replaced, expanding the application range of the equipment.

[0042] The labyrinth seal end cover 21 + the dustproof cover plate 15 of the present invention provide double sealing, thereby preventing leakage of micro powder and extending the bearing life by more than 2 times.

[0043] The airflow-assisted grinding + closed-loop sorting of the present invention reduces ineffective power consumption, greatly reduces energy consumption per unit of production capacity compared with traditional equipment, achieves zero pollution emissions, ensures energy conservation, environmental protection and economic benefits, optimizes energy consumption, has low maintenance costs, and the layered structure facilitates local maintenance.

[0044] This invention is particularly well-suited for the large-scale production of high-performance graphite micropowders in the fields of new energy and new materials, offering comprehensive benefits far exceeding those of traditional ball mills or jet mills. This device achieves efficient spheroidization of graphite micropowders through a combined mechanical and airflow action, making it particularly suitable for high-end applications such as lithium battery anode materials.

[0045] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. The embodiments should, therefore, be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and all changes coming within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0046] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a shell, a spheroidizing mechanism, a powder selecting mechanism and a base (9); the shell comprises a top cover plate (4), an upper cone cylinder (5), a lower cone cylinder (6), a middle cylinder (7) and a lower cylinder (8); the top of the base (9) is connected in sequence to the lower cylinder (8), the middle cylinder (7), the lower cone cylinder (6), the upper cone cylinder (5) and the top cover plate (4) by bolts; three gear rings (14) are installed inside the middle cylinder (7) and the lower cylinder (8); the top cover plate (4) of the shell is connected to the powder selecting mechanism (1) through a sealing cover (11); the shell is connected to the spheroidizing mechanism, and the spheroidizing mechanism comprises a three-layer pagoda-shaped grinding disc and a spheroidizing motor (10); the three-layer pagoda-shaped grinding disc is a bottom grinding disc (20), a second layer grinding disc (21) and a second layer grinding disc (22). The grinding disc (19), the third grinding disc (18), the third grinding disc (18), the second grinding disc (19), and the bottom grinding disc (20) are sequentially installed on the spheroidizing main shaft (16) from top to bottom; the bottom grinding disc (20), the second grinding disc (19), and the third grinding disc (18) are respectively installed with corresponding grinding blocks (17), and the bottom end of the bottom grinding disc (20) is connected to the grinding disc base (22) through a labyrinth sealing end cover (21); the bottom end of the spheroidizing main shaft (16) is provided with a small pulley (23), and the top end of the spheroidizing main shaft (16) is provided with a dust cover (15); a large pulley (25) is provided on the output shaft of the spheroidizing motor (10), and a belt (24) is connected to the large pulley (25) and the small pulley (23).

2. A pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top cover plate (4) is externally provided with a discharge port.

3. A pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper conical cylinder (5) is connected to a material delivery pipeline (12), and the material delivery pipeline (12) is fixed inside the upper conical cylinder (5) via a support plate (13).

4. A pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower cylinder (8) is externally provided with an air inlet.

5. A pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A coupling (26) is installed on the output shaft of the powder selection motor (1), and the coupling (26) is connected to the grading rotor. The grading rotor includes a rotor top plate (27), rotor blades (28), a rotor rib plate (29), and a rotor bottom plate (30).

6. A pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A rotor rib plate (29) is provided between the rotor top plate (27) and the rotor bottom plate (30), and rotor blades (28) are evenly provided on the side walls of the rotor rib plate (29).

7. A pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Eight grinding blocks (17) are evenly arranged on the bottom grinding disc (20).

8. A pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second layer grinding disc (19) and the third layer grinding disc (18) are both evenly provided with six grinding blocks (17).

9. A pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The powder selection motor (1) is arranged on a motor bracket (2), and the motor bracket (2) is mounted on a support base (3).

10. The pagoda-shaped natural graphite crushing and shaping device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The support seat (3) is connected to the top cover plate (4) in the shell.

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