Sewage treatment device and method suitable for alpine regions

Abstract

The invention discloses a sewage treatment device and method suitable for an alpine region, relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, and discloses the sewage treatment device and method suitable for the alpine region, through the synergistic effect of an integrated steel structure main body, a heat preservation heating system and an aeration reaction area, sewage freezing is effectively prevented, and the microbial activity is maintained; temperature dynamic compensation and accurate aeration control are combined, so that the sewage treatment efficiency and stability in the high and cold environment are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, and in particular to a sewage treatment device and method suitable for use in high-altitude cold areas. Background Art

[0002] In high-altitude cold regions, traditional sewage treatment plants face many challenges. Due to extremely low temperatures, sewage easily freezes, leading to pipe blockages and equipment damage. In addition, the activity of microorganisms decreases in low-temperature environments, affecting the sewage treatment effect. Most of the sewage treatment plants currently on the market are designed for normal temperature or warm areas, and it is difficult to meet the special needs of high-altitude cold regions. Specifically, the existing technology has the following problems: First, there is a lack of an effective insulation and heating system, which cannot ensure the temperature stability of sewage during transportation and treatment; second, the aeration system is not designed reasonably, and it is difficult to maintain a stable dissolved oxygen concentration and microbial activity under low temperature conditions; third, the temperature control of the sedimentation area and ultrafiltration area is insufficient, affecting the treatment effect; finally, there is a lack of a mechanism for the release of low-temperature resistant bacteria for high-altitude cold environments. These problems seriously restrict the operating efficiency and stability of sewage treatment plants in high-altitude cold regions.

[0003] The above content is only used to assist in understanding the technical solution of this application and does not constitute an admission that the above content is prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide a sewage treatment device and method suitable for high-altitude cold areas, aiming to improve the operating efficiency and stability of sewage treatment devices in high-altitude cold areas.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present application proposes a sewage treatment device suitable for use in high-altitude cold regions, the device comprising:

[0006] An integrated steel structure body, within which a mixing zone, an aeration reaction zone, a sedimentation zone, an ultrafiltration zone, and a sludge temporary storage zone are arranged. The mixing zone is provided with a sewage inlet pipe for receiving external sewage, and the mixing zone is connected to the aeration reaction zone via a sewage transmission pipe, the aeration reaction zone is connected to the sedimentation zone via a sewage transmission pipe, the top of the sedimentation zone is connected to the ultrafiltration zone via a sewage transmission pipe, and the bottom of the sedimentation zone is connected to the sludge temporary storage zone via a sludge transmission pipe;

[0007] a thermal insulation and heating system comprising a sewage preheating component, a temperature-limiting electric heating tape, and a thermal insulation housing; the sewage preheating component is disposed in the sewage inlet pipe for preheating sewage; the temperature-limiting electric heating tape is disposed in the sewage transmission pipe; and the thermal insulation housing is coated on the integrated steel structure body;

[0008] The aeration reaction zone includes:

[0009] an aeration assembly, the aeration assembly comprising an aeration main pipe and a plurality of aeration branch pipes, the plurality of aeration branch pipes being connected to the aeration main pipe and evenly distributed in the aeration reaction zone, for providing oxygen to the aeration reaction zone;

[0010] A low-temperature-resistant bacteria delivery component is used to deliver cold-resistant bacteria to the aeration reaction zone;

[0011] The aeration control component is used to monitor and adjust the dissolved oxygen solubility and MLSS concentration in the aeration reaction zone in real time to maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration in the aeration reaction zone less than 1 mg / L and the MLSS concentration greater than 5000 mg / L.

[0012] In one embodiment, the sewage preheating component includes three stages of series heat exchangers to heat the sewage step by step, wherein the first stage heat exchanger uses the waste heat of the water produced in the ultrafiltration zone for heat exchange, the second stage heat exchanger uses an electric heater to compensate for the temperature difference, and the third stage heat exchanger dynamically adjusts the heating power through a PID controller.

[0013] In one embodiment, a distributed temperature sensor array and a flexible electric heating film corresponding to the temperature sensor are provided on the top of the ultrafiltration area. The flexible electric heating film is used to perform local temperature compensation on the corresponding area when the distributed temperature sensor detects a temperature difference greater than a preset temperature.

[0014] In one embodiment, a retaining wall is provided between the sedimentation zone and the aeration reaction zone, and the retaining wall is provided with water holes.

[0015] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, the present application also proposes a sewage treatment method suitable for high-altitude cold areas, the method comprising:

[0016] Receive external sewage through the sewage inlet pipe, preheat the sewage using the sewage preheating component, and transport the preheated sewage to the mixing area;

[0017] The preheated sewage is mixed with the return sewage from the aeration reaction zone in the mixing zone to form mixed sewage, and the mixed sewage is transported to the aeration reaction zone through the sewage transmission pipeline;

[0018] In the aeration reaction zone, the dissolved oxygen concentration and MLSS concentration are monitored in real time through the aeration control component, and the gas volume of the aeration branch pipe is adjusted to stabilize the dissolved oxygen concentration at less than 1 mg / L. At the same time, the low-temperature-resistant bacteria are intermittently added through the low-temperature-resistant bacteria feeding component to maintain the MLSS concentration greater than 5000 mg / L.

[0019] Part of the sewage treated in the aeration reaction zone is returned to the mixing zone, and the other part is transported to the sedimentation zone for mud-water separation. After separation, the supernatant enters the ultrafiltration zone, and the sludge is transported to the sludge temporary storage area;

[0020] The supernatant is filtered in the ultrafiltration area to ensure that the produced water meets the discharge standards.

[0021] In one embodiment, the steps of receiving external sewage through the sewage inlet pipe, preheating the sewage using the sewage preheating component, and transporting the preheated sewage to the mixing zone include:

[0022] External sewage is received through the sewage inlet pipe and heated step by step through a three-stage series heat exchanger. The first stage heat exchanger uses the waste heat of the water produced in the ultrafiltration area for heat exchange, the second stage heat exchanger uses an electric heater to compensate for temperature differences, and the third stage heat exchanger uses a PID controller to dynamically adjust the heating power.

[0023] The water temperature at the inlet of the mixing zone is monitored in real time. When the water temperature is detected to be lower than the preset temperature, the auxiliary heater is started to heat the plastic in a preset step-by-step manner, and a composite antifreeze is added to the sewage during the preheating process.

[0024] In one embodiment, the step of monitoring the dissolved oxygen concentration and the MLSS concentration in the aeration reaction zone in real time by the aeration control component and adjusting the gas volume of the aeration branch pipe to stabilize the dissolved oxygen concentration at less than 1 mg / L includes:

[0025] The aeration control component collects the dissolved oxygen concentration distribution cloud map at preset time intervals;

[0026] When the concentration in more than 70% of the areas in the cloud map is greater than 0.8 mg / L, the valves of the aeration branches closest to the sedimentation area shall be closed in sequence, and the number of valves closed each time shall not exceed 20% of the total branches;

[0027] When the concentration in less than 40% of the area in the cloud map is less than 0.3 mg / L, the aeration branch pipe near the mixing zone should be opened first until the dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 0.6 mg / L.

[0028] In one embodiment, the step of intermittently adding the low-temperature-resistant bacteria through the low-temperature-resistant bacteria delivery component to maintain the MLSS concentration greater than 5000 mg / L includes:

[0029] The low-temperature-resistant bacteria are intermittently added through the low-temperature-resistant bacteria addition component. The low-temperature-resistant bacteria include Pseudomonas and Bacillus, with a live bacterial count ratio of 2:1, and the addition rate is maintained at 200 mg / L·h;

[0030] The water temperature was tested before adding the low-temperature-resistant bacteria each time. When the water temperature was above 5°C, 50 mg / L was added. When the water temperature was below 5°C, a low-temperature activator containing 0.1% trehalose was added simultaneously.

[0031] In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

[0032] The sludge settling ratio is collected in real time through a sludge concentration meter. When the sludge settling ratio is greater than 85%, the sludge is continuously recirculated to the aeration reaction zone at a rate of 10% of the total recirculation volume per hour. At the same time, the recirculation is paused for 5 minutes every 30 minutes to allow dissolved oxygen to recover.

[0033] When the sludge settling ratio is between 70% and 85%, pulse reflux is performed three times per hour, each reflux lasts 10 seconds and the reflux flow rate is maintained at 200-300 L / s;

[0034] When the sludge settling ratio is less than 70%, the sludge storage time is extended to 1.5 times the original period, and a cyclone agitator installed at the bottom of the sludge storage area is used to perform a disturbance operation for 10 seconds every 15 minutes.

[0035] In one embodiment, the step of filtering the supernatant in the ultrafiltration zone to ensure that the produced water meets the discharge standards includes:

[0036] A double-layer cross-flow filtration system was constructed using hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane components, with an outer membrane pore size of 0.03 μm and an inner membrane pore size of 0.1 μm. The operating pressure gradient was maintained at 0.20 MPa.

[0037] When the transmembrane pressure difference is detected to increase by more than 20kPa / h, the air-water combined backwash program is started, and the backwash water is a mixture of the supernatant in the sedimentation area and 10% sodium hypochlorite solution;

[0038] When the distributed temperature sensor array in the ultrafiltration area detects that the temperature difference between any three points exceeds the preset temperature, the flexible electric heating film in the corresponding area is triggered to perform local temperature compensation.

[0039] The present application provides a sewage treatment device and method suitable for high-altitude cold areas. Through the synergistic effect of the integrated steel structure main body, the thermal insulation and heating system and the aeration reaction zone, it effectively prevents sewage from freezing and maintains the activity of microorganisms. Combined with dynamic temperature compensation and precise aeration control, it significantly improves the efficiency and stability of sewage treatment in high-altitude cold environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0042] Figure 1A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a sewage treatment device suitable for use in high-altitude cold regions provided by the present application;

[0043] Figure 2 A flow chart of an embodiment of a sewage treatment method applicable to high-altitude cold regions provided by this application;

[0044] Figure 3 For this application Figure 2 Detailed flow chart of step S100;

[0045] Figure 4 For this application Figure 2 A detailed flow chart of an embodiment of step S300 is provided;

[0046] Figure 5 For this application Figure 2 A detailed flow chart of another embodiment of step S300 is provided;

[0047] Figure 6 A flow chart illustrating another embodiment of the sewage treatment method applicable to high-altitude cold regions provided by the present application;

[0048] Figure 7 For this application Figure 2 Detailed flowchart of step S500.

[0049] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0050] 1. Ultrafiltration area; 2. Equipment area; 3. Sedimentation area; 4. Mixing area; 5. Retaining wall; 6. Insulation shell; 7. Aeration main pipe; 8. Aeration reaction area; 9. Aeration branch pipe; 10. Sludge temporary storage area.

[0051] The purpose, features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The technical solutions in this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the present application generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application for which protection is claimed, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0053] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings. At the same time, in the description of this application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0054] Existing wastewater treatment technologies have developed a relatively mature system under normal temperature conditions, but face significant challenges when applied in high-altitude, cold regions. Low temperatures can easily cause ice to form and block pipes during wastewater transportation, reducing biochemical reaction rates due to decreased microbial activity. Traditional equipment also lacks effective insulation, significantly reducing treatment efficiency. For example, conventional aeration systems are unable to maintain suitable dissolved oxygen levels in low temperatures, and deteriorating sludge settling performance leads to unstable solid-liquid separation. These shortcomings severely limit the applicability of existing equipment in extreme climates.

[0055] To address these issues, the research and development process focused primarily on the destructive effects of high-altitude, cold environments on biochemical treatment units. Analysis of the correlation curve between microbial metabolism and temperature revealed that bacterial activity decays exponentially when water temperature falls below a critical value. Consequently, a system was required to stably maintain the temperature of the biochemical reaction zone. Furthermore, to address the problem of fluctuating dissolved oxygen concentrations caused by uneven oxygen supply in traditional aeration systems, a solution combining multi-stage aeration with real-time control was proposed. To address the deterioration of sludge settling performance, a combination of zoned enhanced sedimentation and ultrafiltration was used to improve separation efficiency.

[0056] Therefore, reference Figure 1 , this application proposes a sewage treatment device comprising an integrated steel structure main body and a thermal insulation and heating system. The interior of the integrated steel structure main body is divided into a mixing zone 4, an aeration reaction zone 8, a sedimentation zone 3, an ultrafiltration zone 1 and a sludge temporary storage zone 10, and directional material transportation in each zone is achieved through pipelines. The thermal insulation and heating system consists of a sewage preheating component, a temperature-limiting electric heating tape and an insulation shell 6, covering the temperature control requirements of the entire process from water inlet to treatment. The aeration reaction zone 8 is equipped with an aeration main pipe 7 and a distributed aeration branch pipe 9 network, combined with a dissolved oxygen and sludge concentration monitoring device to achieve precise aeration control, and is equipped with a low-temperature resistant bacteria dosing device to maintain high active biomass.

[0057] In this embodiment, the integrated steel structure integrates all functional units of the sewage treatment system into a single, enclosed space. This structure can be implemented using modular welded steel plates, which minimize heat loss by reducing the external heat exchange area. The thermal insulation shell 6 is the insulating layer surrounding the treatment unit. It can be constructed using a composite structure of polyurethane foam and aluminum foil reflective layers. This maintains internal temperature stability by blocking heat conduction between the internal and external components. The temperature-limiting electric heating cable is a heating element located along the material transport path. It can be constructed using a self-regulating conductive polymer material. It senses the pipe surface temperature and automatically adjusts heating power to prevent freezing. The low-temperature-resistant bacterial strain delivery assembly is a device that replenishes the biochemical reaction zone with low-temperature-adapted microorganisms. It can be implemented using a peristaltic pump and bacterial strain storage tank. This assembly regularly replenishes highly active bacterial strains to ensure treatment efficiency. The aeration control assembly is a control system that regulates the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency in the biochemical reaction zone. It can be implemented using a dissolved oxygen sensor and solenoid valve. It dynamically adjusts the opening of the aeration branch pipe 9 to maintain a low dissolved oxygen environment.

[0058] Specifically, the external sewage is heated by the preheating component and then enters the mixing zone 4. After mixing with the return sludge, it flows into the aeration reaction zone 8. The array of aeration branch pipes 9 forms a stable flow state through uniform air distribution, and dynamically adjusts the aeration volume in accordance with the dissolved oxygen monitoring data to maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration at an appropriate level. Low-temperature resistant bacteria are added as needed to ensure that the sludge concentration meets the standard and enhance the efficiency of organic matter degradation. The treated mixed liquid enters the sedimentation zone 3 to complete the solid-liquid separation. The supernatant is discharged after deep treatment by ultrafiltration. Part of the settled sludge is returned to the aeration zone to maintain the biomass, and the remaining sludge is temporarily stored in the insulated sludge bin. The insulated shell 6 and the electric heating tape work together to keep the internal temperature of each treatment unit above the freezing point.

[0059] Compared to existing technologies, traditional devices utilize a decentralized structure, resulting in significant heat loss. This solution, however, utilizes an integrated steel structure to achieve internal heat recycling. While conventional insulation measures focus solely on the equipment casing, this solution innovatively incorporates a self-regulating heating system within the material transfer pipelines, creating a three-dimensional temperature control network. Compared to fixed aeration systems, this solution significantly improves dissolved oxygen control accuracy through a distributed branch pipe layout and real-time feedback regulation, creating a stable living environment for low-temperature bacteria.

[0060] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application effectively solves the problem of freezing and blockage of sewage pipelines in high-altitude and cold regions, ensuring the optimal temperature conditions required for biochemical reactions in low-temperature environments. By precisely controlling the aeration volume and the amount of bacterial strain added, the stable operation of the high-concentration activated sludge system is maintained, overcoming the drawback of traditional processes that often experience a sharp drop in treatment efficiency under low-temperature conditions. The integrated design reduces the equipment's footprint, and the multi-layer insulation structure significantly reduces heat loss, enabling efficient and stable operation of the sewage treatment process in extreme climates.

[0061] In a feasible embodiment, the sewage preheating component includes three stages of series heat exchangers to heat the sewage step by step, wherein the first stage heat exchanger uses the waste heat of the water produced in the ultrafiltration zone 1 for heat exchange, the second stage heat exchanger uses an electric heater to compensate for the temperature difference, and the third stage heat exchanger dynamically adjusts the heating power through a PID controller.

[0062] In this embodiment, the three-stage series heat exchanger refers to three heat exchange units connected in sequence to form a step-by-step temperature increase structure. Specifically, it can be implemented by a combination of shell and tube, plate or spiral plate heat exchangers, which is used to decompose the heating process of low-temperature sewage into multiple stages to improve thermal efficiency. Heat exchange with waste heat refers to the use of the waste heat of the produced water after treatment in the ultrafiltration zone 1 as the primary heat source. Specifically, it can be achieved through countercurrent heat exchange to reduce external energy consumption. Electric heater compensation for temperature difference refers to the use of resistance heating to supplement heat when the waste heat is not enough to reach the target temperature. Specifically, it can be achieved by using nickel-chromium alloy heating wires or silicon carbide heating elements to cope with extreme temperature fluctuations in high-altitude cold areas. PID controller dynamically adjusts the heating power, which refers to real-time adjustment of the output power based on the temperature feedback signal. Specifically, it can be achieved through a microprocessor combined with a thermocouple sensor to maintain the stability of the third-stage outlet water temperature.

[0063] Specifically, the wastewater first enters the first-stage heat exchanger for countercurrent heat exchange with the produced water from ultrafiltration zone 1, utilizing the residual heat of the produced water to initially raise the wastewater temperature. It then enters the second-stage heat exchanger, where electric heating elements compensate for temperature differences. Finally, in the third-stage heat exchanger, a PID controller dynamically adjusts the heating power based on the deviation between the real-time measured wastewater temperature and the setpoint to achieve precise temperature control. In this process, waste heat recovery and electric heating complement each other, preventing the failure of a single heat source under high-load conditions. Furthermore, the staged heating method reduces the impact of thermal shock on the equipment.

[0064] Compared with existing technologies, traditional solutions typically use single-stage heating or direct electric heating, resulting in high energy consumption and insufficient temperature control precision. This solution combines waste heat recovery with electric heating compensation in series, reducing energy consumption while achieving a gradual temperature increase. It is particularly suitable for high-altitude and cold regions with intermittent low temperature fluctuations.

[0065] Through the above technical solution, this application can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the preheating system, avoid pipe freezing caused by sudden temperature drop, and at the same time ensure the microbial activity of subsequent biochemical treatment units through graded temperature control, thereby improving the overall sewage treatment efficiency.

[0066] In a feasible embodiment, a distributed temperature sensor array and a flexible electric heating film corresponding to the temperature sensor are provided on the top of the ultrafiltration area 1. The flexible electric heating film is used to perform local temperature compensation on the corresponding area when the distributed temperature sensor detects that the temperature difference is greater than the preset temperature.

[0067] In this embodiment, the distributed temperature sensor array refers to multiple temperature sensors integrated in a grid-like distribution at the top of ultrafiltration zone 1 to collect temperature data from different areas in real time. Specifically, this can be achieved by combining a PT100 temperature sensor with a data acquisition module. Through multi-point monitoring, local low-temperature areas can be accurately identified. The flexible electric heating film refers to a flexible conductive film covering the top of ultrafiltration zone 1. Specifically, it can be implemented using a composite structure of a carbon fiber electric heating film and an insulating encapsulation layer. It can quickly activate the heating function based on the signal from the temperature sensor.

[0068] Specifically, when the distributed temperature sensor array detects that the temperature in a certain area is lower than that in an adjacent area by more than a set threshold, the flexible electric heating film corresponding to that low-temperature area is activated, releasing heat energy only in the area that needs compensation. For example, when the temperature in the northeast corner of ultrafiltration zone 1 drops sharply due to the intrusion of cold air from outside, the electric heating film in that area automatically starts heating, while other areas without temperature differences maintain their original state. This creates a dynamic temperature balance within ultrafiltration zone 1, preventing ice from forming on the membrane assembly surface or a decrease in filtration efficiency.

[0069] Compared to existing technologies, the ultrafiltration zone 1 of traditional sewage treatment plants typically uses overall constant temperature control or single-location temperature monitoring, which is unable to cope with the temperature differences caused by localized sudden cold in high-altitude areas. However, this solution, through the synergistic mechanism of distributed temperature sensing and localized compensation, not only solves the problem of physical deformation of membrane modules caused by temperature differences, but also significantly reduces overall energy consumption.

[0070] Through the above technical solution, the present application effectively prevents the problems of membrane pore blockage and filtration efficiency attenuation caused by uneven temperature distribution in the ultrafiltration zone 1, ensures the continuous and stable operation of the ultrafiltration system in an extremely low temperature environment, and avoids unnecessary energy waste.

[0071] In one feasible embodiment, a retaining wall 5 with water holes is installed between the sedimentation zone 3 and the aeration reaction zone 8. The retaining wall 5 is a physical isolation structure provided between the sedimentation zone 3 and the aeration reaction zone 8. Specifically, it can be constructed of reinforced concrete or corrosion-resistant PVC sheeting. Its function is to separate different functional areas and control the direction of water flow. The water holes are through-holes that penetrate the retaining wall 5. Specifically, they can be implemented as an array of evenly distributed circular or square holes with a diameter of, for example, 50-80 mm. Their function is to allow the flow of treated water and intercept large particles of sludge.

[0072] Specifically, retaining wall 5 is vertically positioned at the junction of sedimentation zone 3 and aeration reaction zone 8, with its bottom fixedly connected to the tank floor and its top height adjustable. Water holes are staggered in three rows along the height of retaining wall 5, with spacing between each row being, for example, 200 mm. When the mixed liquor from aeration reaction zone 8 flows into sedimentation zone 3, retaining wall 5 forms a controllable water passage through the water holes, ensuring water flow while preventing the disordered diffusion of activated sludge into sedimentation zone 3. The height of retaining wall 5 can be adjusted based on the sludge settling characteristics. For example, when the sludge concentration increases, the height of retaining wall 5 can be increased to increase the effective water flow area of ​​the water holes.

[0073] Compared to existing technologies, the sedimentation zone 3 and aeration reaction zone 8 in conventional devices utilize an open connection. This results in bubble disturbance in the aeration zone, which impacts sedimentation efficiency and makes activated sludge susceptible to backflow with the water flow. This solution utilizes the physical isolation provided by the retaining wall 5 to block gas-liquid mixing disturbances while maintaining hydraulic stability through directional flow through the water holes. Compared to conventional overflow weir structures, the water hole design prevents ice clogging at the weir mouth.

[0074] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application achieves effective hydraulic isolation between sedimentation zone 3 and aeration reaction zone 8, reducing the interference of aeration disturbance on the sedimentation process. At the same time, the water passage structure is resistant to freezing and blockage in cold environments, ensuring the continuous flow of water. The physical barrier effect of retaining wall 5 effectively intercepts the backflow of activated sludge, improves the accuracy of sludge concentration control, and provides stable operating conditions for the mud-water separation process in low-temperature environments.

[0075] In one feasible embodiment, the integrated steel structure also includes an equipment area 2. This area is an independent space within the integrated steel structure specifically designed to install and house sewage treatment-related equipment. This area can employ a modular design to facilitate equipment installation, maintenance, and upgrades. Equipment within equipment area 2 includes, but is not limited to, sewage pumps, sludge pumps, fans, agitators, and automatic control systems. These devices are connected to other functional areas within the sewage treatment process via pipes and cables, supporting the operation of the entire sewage treatment system.

[0076] The design of Equipment Area 2 takes into account the unique environmental requirements of high-altitude, cold regions. For example, all equipment is constructed from low-temperature-resistant materials to ensure normal operation even in extremely low temperatures. Furthermore, an internal insulation layer is installed to reduce the impact of cold air on the equipment and maintain temperature stability in Equipment Area 2. Furthermore, a heating device and temperature monitoring system are installed to heat Equipment Area 2 when necessary, ensuring that the equipment remains within the appropriate operating temperature range.

[0077] Specifically, the sewage pump and sludge pump are responsible for circulating sewage and sludge within the system. The fan provides oxygen to the aeration reaction zone 8. The agitator is used to mix the materials in the mixing zone 4 and the aeration reaction zone 8 to ensure uniform biochemical reactions. The automatic control system is responsible for monitoring key parameters of the entire sewage treatment process, such as dissolved oxygen concentration, sludge concentration, and water temperature. It automatically adjusts equipment operation according to preset conditions to achieve efficient and stable sewage treatment results.

[0078] Through the above technical solution, the design of equipment area 2 in this application not only meets the special operating requirements of sewage treatment equipment in high-altitude and cold areas, but also improves the system's degree of automation and operating efficiency, providing a strong guarantee for the stable operation of sewage treatment equipment in extreme climate environments.

[0079] This application also proposes a sewage treatment method suitable for high-altitude cold areas, Figure 2 The method includes steps S100 to S500, wherein:

[0080] Step S100: receiving external sewage through the sewage inlet pipe, preheating the sewage using the sewage preheating component, and transporting the preheated sewage to the mixing zone 4;

[0081] Step S200: mixing the preheated sewage with the return sewage from the aeration reaction zone 8 in the mixing zone 4 to form mixed sewage, and transporting the mixed sewage to the aeration reaction zone 8 through the sewage transmission pipeline;

[0082] Step S300: In the aeration reaction zone 8, the dissolved oxygen concentration and the MLSS concentration are monitored in real time by the aeration control component, and the air volume of the aeration branch pipe 9 is adjusted to stabilize the dissolved oxygen concentration at less than 1 mg / L. At the same time, the refractory bacteria are intermittently added by the refractory bacteria feeding component to maintain the MLSS concentration greater than 5000 mg / L.

[0083] Step S400: Part of the wastewater treated in the aeration reaction zone 8 is returned to the mixing zone 4, and the other part is transported to the sedimentation zone 3 for mud-water separation. After separation, the supernatant enters the ultrafiltration zone 1, and the sludge is transported to the sludge temporary storage zone 10.

[0084] Step S500: filtering the supernatant in the ultrafiltration zone 1 to ensure that the produced water meets the discharge standards.

[0085] In this embodiment, the sewage preheating component refers to a system that heats sewage in stages using heat exchangers. Specifically, a three-stage series heat exchanger can be used to achieve step-by-step heating. For example, the first-stage heat exchanger recovers waste heat from the water produced by ultrafiltration zone 1, the second-stage uses an electric heater to compensate for temperature differences, and the third-stage uses a PID controller to dynamically adjust power. This prevents pipe blockage caused by freezing during sewage transportation. The cold-resistant bacterial strain delivery component refers to a device used to replenish active microorganisms in low-temperature environments. Specifically, a composite bacterial consortium containing Pseudomonas and Bacillus can be added, for example, at a viable bacterial count ratio of 2:1, combined with a low-temperature activator to maintain bacterial activity, thereby addressing the problem of decreased metabolic rate of traditional bacterial strains under low-temperature conditions. The aeration control component refers to a device that uses sensors to monitor and adjust the aeration volume in real time. Specifically, dissolved oxygen distribution cloud map analysis technology can be used. For example, if the concentration in more than 70% of the area is detected to be high, aeration branches 9 will be closed. When the concentration is low, aeration branches 9 in specific areas will be preferentially opened, thereby achieving precise control of dissolved oxygen concentration. Sludge settling ratio control refers to the operation of adjusting the reflow strategy according to the sludge settling performance. Specifically, it can adopt a combination of pulsed reflow and intermittent disturbance. For example, when the settling ratio is too high, continuous reflow is performed with pause operation. When the settling ratio is too low, the sludge storage time is extended and cyclone stirring is started to optimize the sludge reflow efficiency.

[0086] Specifically, upon entering the system, external wastewater first undergoes a three-stage preheating process. For example, primary heating utilizes waste heat from ultrafiltration (UF) water, followed by electrical heating to compensate for temperature differences. Finally, PID dynamic regulation ensures that the wastewater temperature meets treatment requirements. The preheated wastewater is then mixed with the return sludge in the mixing zone 4, forming a mixture suitable for microbial growth. In the aeration reaction zone 8, a dissolved oxygen sensor continuously collects data. When the dissolved oxygen concentration approaches a threshold, the system maintains a low dissolved oxygen environment to promote denitrification, for example by closing some aeration branches 9 or adjusting the aeration volume. Simultaneously, cryoresistant bacteria are regularly added, for example, by adding a trehalose-containing activator during low-temperature periods to ensure microbial community activity. The treated wastewater undergoes sedimentation and separation, with the supernatant entering the UF zone 1 for membrane filtration. For example, a double-layer cross-flow filtration system is used to improve filtration accuracy. The precipitated sludge is partially returned to the aeration zone, while the remainder is transferred to a temporary storage area. During the UF process, distributed temperature sensors monitor the temperature distribution of the membrane modules. For example, if a local temperature drop is detected, the flexible electric heating membrane is activated to compensate for the drop and prevent clogging of the membrane pores.

[0087] Compared with existing technologies, traditional sewage treatment methods in high-altitude and cold regions have problems such as insufficient preheating leading to freezing of pipelines, insufficient aeration control precision affecting denitrification efficiency, and difficulty in maintaining the activity of low-temperature bacteria. For example, conventional aeration systems use a fixed gas supply and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the dissolved oxygen distribution. This method, however, achieves differentiated control of the aeration branch pipe 9 through cloud map analysis. Existing technologies mostly use a single heat exchanger for preheating, while this method significantly improves energy utilization through a cascade heating method that combines waste heat recovery with electric heating. In addition, the traditional sludge return strategy uses a fixed rate, while this method implements pulsed return and intermittent disturbance based on the sedimentation ratio, effectively avoiding the problem of sludge bulking.

[0088] Through the above technical solution, this application solves technical problems such as decreased microbial activity, pipe freezing, and treatment efficiency fluctuations caused by low temperatures during sewage treatment in high-altitude cold regions. The preheating system's stepped heating design ensures the fluidity of sewage during transportation and treatment. The synergistic effect of low-temperature-resistant bacteria and activators maintains the efficiency of biochemical reactions. The dynamic adjustment of the aeration branch pipe 9 achieves stable control of dissolved oxygen concentration. The combination of a double-layer ultrafiltration membrane and a temperature compensation mechanism ensures the reliable operation of the filtration system in low-temperature environments. The optimization of the sludge return strategy improves the system's adaptability to changes in sludge settling properties.

[0089] In one possible implementation, reference Figure 3 , the step S100 includes steps S110 to S120, wherein:

[0090] Step S110: External sewage is received through the sewage inlet pipe and heated step by step through a three-stage series heat exchanger. The first-stage heat exchanger utilizes waste heat from the water produced in ultrafiltration zone 1 for heat exchange, the second-stage heat exchanger uses an electric heater to compensate for temperature differences, and the third-stage heat exchanger dynamically adjusts the heating power through a PID controller.

[0091] Step S120, real-time monitoring of the water temperature at the inlet of the mixing zone 4, when it is detected that the water temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the auxiliary heater is started to pre-set the heating plastic step temperature, and a composite antifreeze is added to the sewage during the preheating process.

[0092] In this embodiment, a three-stage series heat exchanger refers to a heating device consisting of three independent heat exchange units connected in series. Specifically, it can be implemented using a combination of a plate heat exchanger and a tubular electric heater. The first stage recovers waste heat from ultrafiltration zone 1 to achieve initial temperature increase. The second stage compensates for the temperature difference through electrical energy conversion. The third stage achieves precise temperature control through a closed-loop feedback system. A PID controller dynamically adjusts heating power based on a proportional-integral-differential algorithm to adjust the heat exchanger's output power in real time. This can be achieved through a temperature sensor-actuator linkage control mode, automatically adjusting heating parameters by comparing the deviation between the set temperature and the actual temperature. An auxiliary heater with preset plastic heating steps is a supplemental heating device activated when the primary heating system cannot meet demand. This can be achieved using a multi-stage resistance wire heating module, increasing the heating intensity in stages based on water temperature detection to avoid sudden temperature changes. A composite antifreeze is an anti-freezing additive composed of a polyol and an inorganic salt. Specifically, a mixed solution of propylene glycol and calcium chloride is injected into the wastewater flow channel in a proportional manner during the preheating phase to lower the freezing point.

[0093] Specifically, upon entering the treatment system, external wastewater first flows through a three-stage series heat exchanger for gradient heating. The first-stage heat exchanger transfers waste heat from the 35°C-40°C produced water discharged from ultrafiltration zone 1 to the incoming water via heat exchange tubes, raising its temperature to 5°C-8°C. The second-stage heat exchanger uses an electric heater to raise the wastewater temperature to 10°C-12°C, compensating for temperature differences not eliminated by the first stage. The third-stage heat exchanger uses a PID controller to automatically adjust the heating power within a ±0.5°C accuracy based on real-time outlet water temperature signals, maintaining a stable outlet water temperature of 12°C-15°C. If the water temperature at the inlet of mixing zone 4 falls below 10°C, an auxiliary heater downstream of the second-stage heat exchanger activates in three stages: the first stage operates at 500W for 5 minutes, the second stage increases to 800W for 8 minutes, and the third stage maintains 1000W until the temperature reaches the target. During the preheating process, a composite antifreeze containing propylene glycol and calcium chloride is continuously added at a ratio of 0.1‰-0.3‰.

[0094] Compared with existing technologies, traditional sewage preheating systems mostly use single-stage heating and rely on continuous power input. This solution reduces energy consumption while ensuring heating efficiency through the synergistic effect of waste heat recovery and gradient heating. Conventional antifreeze measures rely solely on physical insulation, while the chemical intervention of composite antifreeze can effectively inhibit ice formation inside the pipeline. Existing temperature control systems mostly use open-loop control, while the three-stage heat exchanger combined with the PID algorithm forms a closed-loop regulation system, significantly improving temperature stability.

[0095] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves safe and stable operation of the sewage pretreatment stage in high-altitude cold environments, avoiding the risk of pipeline freezing and blockage while ensuring the required inlet water temperature for the subsequent biochemical treatment unit. Furthermore, through the organic combination of waste heat recovery and intelligent temperature control, the overall energy consumption of the system is reduced. The synergistic effect of the composite antifreeze further enhances low-temperature adaptability, creating a suitable environment for microbial metabolic activity.

[0096] In one possible implementation, reference Figure 4 , the step S300 includes steps S310A to S330A, wherein:

[0097] Step S310A, collecting a dissolved oxygen concentration distribution cloud map at preset time intervals through the aeration control component;

[0098] Step S320A: When the concentration in more than 70% of the areas in the cloud map is greater than 0.8 mg / L, the valves of the aeration branch pipes 9 closest to the sedimentation area 3 are closed in sequence, and the number of valves closed each time shall not exceed 20% of the total branches;

[0099] Step S330A: When the concentration in the area below 40% in the cloud map is less than 0.3 mg / L, the aeration branch pipe 9 near the mixing zone 4 is preferentially opened until the dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 0.6 mg / L.

[0100] In this embodiment, the dissolved oxygen concentration distribution cloud map is a visualization of the dissolved oxygen concentration distribution pattern generated by real-time acquisition of dissolved oxygen concentration data from different regions within the aeration reaction zone 8 using a multi-point sensor array. Specifically, this can be achieved using a fluorescence dissolved oxygen sensor array with temperature compensation. Its purpose is to accurately identify areas of localized oxygen oversupply or undersupply within the aeration reaction zone 8. The valve adjustment method for the aeration branch pipe 9 dynamically adjusts the air volume distribution based on the dissolved oxygen concentration distribution. Specifically, this can be achieved using a pneumatic butterfly valve and a PLC interlocking control system. Its purpose is to optimize oxygen distribution uniformity and reduce ineffective aeration energy consumption.

[0101] Specifically, the dissolved oxygen concentration distribution cloud map is collected and analyzed at regular intervals. When the area ratio of high-concentration areas exceeds a critical value, the system automatically triggers the valve closure program, closing the corresponding branches in sequence from sedimentation zone 3 to mixing zone 4. This phased reduction in air input suppresses excessive aeration. When the area ratio of low-concentration areas falls below a critical value, the branches near mixing zone 4 are preferentially opened to rapidly increase the dissolved oxygen level at the water inlet while avoiding local turbulence caused by centralized air supply. This control process achieves a dynamic balance of dissolved oxygen concentration through a closed-loop feedback mechanism.

[0102] Compared with existing technologies, traditional methods, which rely on fixed aeration patterns or single-sensor feedback control, cannot effectively address the fluctuations in dissolved oxygen demand caused by fluctuations in microbial metabolic rates in high-altitude environments. This solution, by combining zoned monitoring with targeted regulation, addresses the issue of reduced treatment efficiency caused by uneven aeration over large areas, while also reducing heat loss caused by excessive aeration.

[0103] In one possible implementation, reference Figure 5 , the step S300 includes steps S310B to S320B, wherein:

[0104] Step S310B, intermittently adding low-temperature-resistant bacteria through the low-temperature-resistant bacteria adding component, wherein the low-temperature-resistant bacteria include Pseudomonas and Bacillus, the viable cell count ratio of the two is 2:1, and the addition rate is maintained at 200 mg / L·h;

[0105] Step S320B: Check the water temperature before adding the low-temperature-resistant bacteria each time. When the water temperature is greater than 5°C, add 50 mg / L of the bacteria. When the water temperature is less than 5°C, add a low-temperature activator containing 0.1% trehalose.

[0106] In this embodiment, the low-temperature-resistant strain refers to a combination of microorganisms that can maintain metabolic activity in an environment of 0-10°C. Specifically, it can be achieved by using a composite bacterial community of Pseudomonas and Bacillus, where Pseudomonas is responsible for degrading nitrogen-containing organic matter and Bacillus is responsible for decomposing carbon sources. The live bacteria ratio of 2:1 refers to the ratio of the effective number of live bacteria of the two strains per unit volume, which can be achieved specifically through a bacterial liquid premixing process. This ratio has been verified to produce the best synergistic metabolic effect. A low-temperature activator refers to a biochemical preparation containing trehalose, which can be specifically prepared using a freeze-drying protective agent compounding process. Its function is to improve the stability of the bacterial cell membrane in a low-temperature environment.

[0107] Specifically, during the operation of aeration reaction zone 8, the cold-resistant bacterial strain dosing component replenishes the strains according to a set cycle. Pseudomonas and Bacillus are mixed in a specific ratio and injected into the reaction zone at a constant rate via a metering pump. When the monitored water temperature is above 5°C, only the base bacterial population is replenished to maintain the total microbial population. When the water temperature is below 5°C, a low-temperature activator is injected simultaneously to form a protective film around the bacteria, preventing cytoplasm crystallization and inactivation due to low temperature. This phased dosing strategy not only ensures the stability of the total microbial population, but also enhances the environmental adaptability of the bacterial population through biochemical protection mechanisms.

[0108] Compared with existing technologies, traditional methods often rely on continuous dosing of a single bacterial strain in low-temperature environments, without considering the synergistic effects of bacterial strains and the impact of temperature fluctuations. This solution, by constructing a composite bacterial system and introducing a temperature-responsive mechanism, not only improves the efficiency of organic matter degradation but also overcomes the technical bottleneck of a sudden drop in bacterial survival rate under low-temperature conditions.

[0109] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively maintains the microbial concentration and activity in aeration reaction zone 8, ensuring stable sewage treatment capacity even under temperature fluctuations in cold environments. The synergistic effect of the composite bacterial community improves pollutant decomposition efficiency, while the temperature-responsive dosing strategy significantly reduces the risk of bacterial inactivation caused by low temperatures, ultimately achieving a dynamic balance in MLSS concentration.

[0110] In one possible implementation, reference Figure 6 The method further includes steps S410 to S430, wherein:

[0111] Step S410: The sludge settling ratio is collected in real time by a sludge concentration meter. When the sludge settling ratio is greater than 85%, the sludge is continuously recirculated to the aeration reaction zone 8 at a rate of 10% of the total recirculation volume per hour. At the same time, the recirculation is paused for 5 minutes every 30 minutes to allow for dissolved oxygen recovery.

[0112] Step S420: When the sludge settling ratio is between 70% and 85%, pulse reflux is performed three times per hour, with each reflux lasting 10 seconds and the reflux flow rate maintained at 200-300 L / s.

[0113] Step S430: When the sludge settling ratio is less than 70%, the sludge temporary storage time is extended to 1.5 times of the original period, and a cyclone agitator provided at the bottom of the sludge temporary storage area 10 performs a disturbance operation for 10 seconds every 15 minutes.

[0114] In this embodiment, the sludge settling ratio refers to the percentage of the sedimentation volume of the sludge in a static state within 30 minutes to the volume of the mixed liquid. It can be measured specifically by using a graduated cylinder, and the liquid level data is collected in real time by an optical sensor. This parameter can reflect the sludge settling performance and microbial activity. Pulse reflux refers to the short-term, high-intensity sludge transportation through electric valves. For example, a solenoid valve can be used to quickly open and close to achieve instantaneous high-flow transportation. This method can effectively balance the relationship between sludge concentration and dissolved oxygen consumption. A vortex agitator refers to a mechanical stirring device with spiral blades. For example, a three-blade propeller driven by a variable frequency motor can be used. The vortex water flow it generates can prevent the sludge from forming compaction at the bottom of the temporary storage area under low temperature conditions.

[0115] Specifically, in extremely cold environments, reduced sludge microbial activity can lead to fluctuations in settling performance. When the settling ratio is detected to be too high, continuous recirculation can quickly replenish the activated sludge. However, to avoid excessive consumption of dissolved oxygen, intermittent pauses are used to restore the aeration system's oxygen supply capacity. At medium settling ratios, timed pulse recirculation can maintain sludge concentration while avoiding the energy waste associated with continuous recirculation. When the settling ratio is too low, extending the temporary storage time can promote the self-repair of sludge microorganisms, and periodic disturbances such as swirl agitation can prevent sludge lamination caused by low temperatures.

[0116] Compared with existing technologies, traditional methods rely on fixed-ratio sludge return, which is unable to cope with the dramatic changes in sludge settling properties in high-altitude and cold regions. This solution establishes a graded response mechanism based on real-time monitoring data. For example, when sludge activity drops sharply, the temporary storage time is extended and mechanical disturbance is combined to avoid energy loss caused by ineffective return flow. At the same time, the stability of the biochemical reaction system is maintained by dynamically adjusting the return flow pattern.

[0117] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application can effectively address the problem of fluctuating sludge settling performance during wastewater treatment in high-altitude and cold regions. A hierarchical control strategy is used to maintain a stable sludge concentration in the aeration reaction zone 8, preventing sludge expansion or disintegration caused by low temperatures, while also optimizing energy efficiency. The intermittent disturbance operation of the cyclone agitator prevents sludge compaction in the temporary storage area, ensuring the normal operation of subsequent sludge treatment processes.

[0118] In one possible implementation, reference Figure 7 , step S500 includes steps S510 to S530, wherein:

[0119] Step S510, constructing a double-layer cross-flow filtration system using a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane assembly, wherein the outer membrane pore size is 0.03 μm, the inner membrane pore size is 0.1 μm, and the operating pressure gradient is maintained at 0.20 MPa;

[0120] Step S520: When it is detected that the transmembrane pressure difference increases by more than 20 kPa / h, the air-water combined backwashing procedure is started, and the backwashing water is a mixture of the supernatant of the sedimentation zone 3 and 10% sodium hypochlorite solution;

[0121] Step S530: When the distributed temperature sensor array of the ultrafiltration zone 1 detects that the temperature difference between any three points exceeds a preset temperature, the flexible electric heating film in the corresponding area is triggered to perform local temperature compensation.

[0122] In this embodiment, the double-layer cross-flow filtration system refers to a composite filtration structure composed of membrane components of different pore sizes. Specifically, it can be achieved by a graded treatment method in which the outer membrane intercepts large particle pollutants and the inner membrane filters soluble substances, thereby improving the filtration accuracy through the synergistic effect of physical interception and adsorption. The combined gas-water backwash procedure refers to an operating mode in which the membrane surface is cleaned by alternately injecting gas and liquid. Specifically, it can be achieved by alternating pulse injection of compressed air and backwash liquid, and the shear force of the fluid is used to strip away pollutants from the membrane surface. The distributed temperature sensor array refers to a multi-point temperature measuring device covering different positions of the ultrafiltration zone 1. Specifically, it can be achieved by integrating a patch thermocouple with a wireless transmission module, and regional temperature control is achieved through spatial temperature field monitoring.

[0123] Specifically, during the ultrafiltration process, the supernatant from sedimentation zone 3 is initially filtered through the outer membrane, followed by fine separation within the inner membrane. The operating pressure is dynamically adjusted by a constant pressure pump to maintain a stable permeate flux across the membrane surface. A rapid rise in transmembrane pressure indicates increased membrane fouling, automatically initiating a backflush sequence using a sodium hypochlorite solution to kill microorganisms and decompose organic matter. The temperature compensation function uses sensors to monitor the surface temperature distribution of the membrane assembly in real time. When the local temperature falls below a set threshold, the flexible electric heating membrane is immediately energized to heat the membrane pores, preventing ice and clogging.

[0124] Compared with existing technologies, traditional ultrafiltration systems are susceptible to a sudden drop in flux due to membrane pore shrinkage in low-temperature environments and lack a compensation mechanism for temperature gradients. This solution utilizes a dual-layer membrane module to achieve graded filtration, effectively alleviating the problem of excessive load on a single membrane. Combined with a dynamic backflushing process, this reduces the frequency of chemical cleaning. This temperature compensation mechanism eliminates localized cold zones on the membrane surface, preventing ice crystal formation and physical damage to the membrane structure.

[0125] Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problem of easy clogging and unstable operating efficiency of ultrafiltration membranes in high-altitude and cold areas, realizes continuous and efficient operation of membrane components in low-temperature environments, and at the same time extends the service life of membrane materials through graded filtration and intelligent cleaning.

[0126] The above description is only part of the embodiments of the present application and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. All equivalent structural transformations made by using the contents of the present application specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present application, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A sewage treatment device suitable for high-altitude cold areas, characterized in that: The device comprises: An integrated steel structure body, within which a mixing zone, an aeration reaction zone, a sedimentation zone, an ultrafiltration zone, and a sludge temporary storage zone are arranged. The mixing zone is provided with a sewage inlet pipe for receiving external sewage, and the mixing zone is connected to the aeration reaction zone via a sewage transmission pipe, the aeration reaction zone is connected to the sedimentation zone via a sewage transmission pipe, the top of the sedimentation zone is connected to the ultrafiltration zone via a sewage transmission pipe, and the bottom of the sedimentation zone is connected to the sludge temporary storage zone via a sludge transmission pipe; a thermal insulation and heating system comprising a sewage preheating component, a temperature-limiting electric heating tape, and a thermal insulation housing; the sewage preheating component is disposed in the sewage inlet pipe for preheating sewage; the temperature-limiting electric heating tape is disposed in the sewage transmission pipe; and the thermal insulation housing is coated on the integrated steel structure body; The aeration reaction zone includes: an aeration assembly, the aeration assembly comprising an aeration main pipe and a plurality of aeration branch pipes, the plurality of aeration branch pipes being connected to the aeration main pipe and evenly distributed in the aeration reaction zone, for providing oxygen to the aeration reaction zone; A low-temperature-resistant bacteria delivery component is used to deliver cold-resistant bacteria to the aeration reaction zone; The aeration control component is used to monitor and adjust the dissolved oxygen solubility and MLSS concentration in the aeration reaction zone in real time to maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration in the aeration reaction zone less than 1 mg / L and the MLSS concentration greater than 5000 mg / L.

2. The sewage treatment device suitable for high-altitude cold areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sewage preheating component includes three stages of series heat exchangers to heat the sewage step by step. Among them, the first stage heat exchanger uses the waste heat of the water produced in the ultrafiltration area for heat exchange, the second stage heat exchanger uses an electric heater to compensate for the temperature difference, and the third stage heat exchanger dynamically adjusts the heating power through a PID controller.

3. The sewage treatment device suitable for high-altitude cold areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: A distributed temperature sensor array and a flexible electric heating film corresponding to the temperature sensor are provided on the top of the ultrafiltration area. The flexible electric heating film is used to perform local temperature compensation on the corresponding area when the distributed temperature sensor detects a temperature difference greater than a preset temperature.

4. The sewage treatment device suitable for high-altitude cold areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: A retaining wall is provided between the sedimentation zone and the aeration reaction zone, and the retaining wall is provided with water holes.

5. A sewage treatment method suitable for high-altitude cold areas, characterized in that: The method comprises: Receive external sewage through the sewage inlet pipe, preheat the sewage using the sewage preheating component, and transport the preheated sewage to the mixing area; The preheated sewage is mixed with the return sewage from the aeration reaction zone in the mixing zone to form mixed sewage, and the mixed sewage is transported to the aeration reaction zone through the sewage transmission pipeline; In the aeration reaction zone, the dissolved oxygen concentration and MLSS concentration are monitored in real time through the aeration control component, and the gas volume of the aeration branch pipe is adjusted to stabilize the dissolved oxygen concentration at less than 1 mg / L. At the same time, the low-temperature-resistant bacteria are intermittently added through the low-temperature-resistant bacteria feeding component to maintain the MLSS concentration greater than 5000 mg / L. Part of the sewage treated in the aeration reaction zone is returned to the mixing zone, and the other part is transported to the sedimentation zone for mud-water separation. After separation, the supernatant enters the ultrafiltration zone, and the sludge is transported to the sludge temporary storage area; The supernatant is filtered in the ultrafiltration area to ensure that the produced water meets the discharge standards.

6. The sewage treatment method suitable for high-altitude cold areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steps of receiving external sewage through the sewage inlet pipe, preheating the sewage using the sewage preheating component, and transporting the preheated sewage to the mixing zone include: External sewage is received through the sewage inlet pipe and heated step by step through a three-stage series heat exchanger. The first stage heat exchanger uses the waste heat of the water produced in the ultrafiltration area for heat exchange, the second stage heat exchanger uses an electric heater to compensate for temperature differences, and the third stage heat exchanger uses a PID controller to dynamically adjust the heating power. The water temperature at the inlet of the mixing zone is monitored in real time. When the water temperature is detected to be lower than the preset temperature, the auxiliary heater is started to heat the plastic in a preset step-by-step manner, and a composite antifreeze is added to the sewage during the preheating process.

7. The sewage treatment method suitable for high-altitude cold areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steps of monitoring the dissolved oxygen concentration and MLSS concentration in the aeration reaction zone in real time by the aeration control component and adjusting the gas volume of the aeration branch pipe to stabilize the dissolved oxygen concentration at less than 1 mg / L include: The aeration control component collects the dissolved oxygen concentration distribution cloud map at preset time intervals; When the concentration in more than 70% of the areas in the cloud map is greater than 0.8 mg / L, the valves of the aeration branches closest to the sedimentation area shall be closed in sequence, and the number of valves closed each time shall not exceed 20% of the total branches; When the concentration in less than 40% of the area in the cloud map is less than 0.3 mg / L, the aeration branch pipe near the mixing zone should be opened first until the dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 0.6 mg / L.

8. The sewage treatment method suitable for high-altitude cold areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step of intermittently adding the low-temperature-resistant bacteria through the low-temperature-resistant bacteria delivery component to maintain the MLSS concentration greater than 5000 mg / L includes: The low-temperature-resistant bacteria are intermittently added through the low-temperature-resistant bacteria addition component. The low-temperature-resistant bacteria include Pseudomonas and Bacillus, with a live bacterial count ratio of 2:1, and the addition rate is maintained at 200 mg / L·h; The water temperature was tested before adding the low-temperature-resistant bacteria each time. When the water temperature was above 5°C, 50 mg / L was added. When the water temperature was below 5°C, a low-temperature activator containing 0.1% trehalose was added simultaneously.

9. The sewage treatment method suitable for high-altitude cold areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method further comprises: The sludge settling ratio is collected in real time through a sludge concentration meter. When the sludge settling ratio is greater than 85%, the sludge is continuously recirculated to the aeration reaction zone at a rate of 10% of the total recirculation volume per hour. At the same time, the recirculation is paused for 5 minutes every 30 minutes to allow dissolved oxygen to recover. When the sludge settling ratio is between 70% and 85%, pulse reflux is performed three times per hour, each reflux lasts 10 seconds and the reflux flow rate is maintained at 200-300 L / s; When the sludge settling ratio is less than 70%, the sludge storage time is extended to 1.5 times the original period, and a cyclone agitator installed at the bottom of the sludge storage area is used to perform a disturbance operation for 10 seconds every 15 minutes.

10. The sewage treatment method suitable for high-altitude cold areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step of filtering the supernatant in the ultrafiltration zone to ensure that the produced water meets the discharge standards includes: A double-layer cross-flow filtration system was constructed using hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane components, with an outer membrane pore size of 0.03 μm and an inner membrane pore size of 0.1 μm. The operating pressure gradient was maintained at 0.20 MPa. When the transmembrane pressure difference is detected to increase by more than 20kPa / h, the air-water combined backwash program is started, and the backwash water is a mixture of the supernatant in the sedimentation area and 10% sodium hypochlorite solution; When the distributed temperature sensor array in the ultrafiltration area detects that the temperature difference between any three points exceeds the preset temperature, the flexible electric heating film in the corresponding area is triggered to perform local temperature compensation.

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