Escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting method construction

Abstract

The invention discloses an escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting method construction. The escape device comprises an escape pipe assembly, a supporting assembly and a protection assembly. The escape pipe assembly is formed by connecting a first escape pipe, a second escape pipe and a follow-up escape pipe. The supporting assembly is composed of a first supporting structure and a second supporting structure, the first escape pipe is movably arranged on the first supporting structure, and the second escape pipe is arranged on the second supporting structure; the protection assembly is connected with the head of the first escape pipe. The problems that an escape pipe is not easy to erect, the position is not easy to adjust and the function is single can be effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel escape, in particular to an escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, my country has witnessed a booming road construction boom, with highway and railway tunnels growing in length, size, and complexity. my country has undeniably become the world's leading country in tunnel and underground engineering construction. Tunnel construction carries significant risks, and drilling and blasting is a common method. During tunnel construction, if a collapse occurs, self-rescue through escape ducts is an important means of ensuring personnel safety. However, existing escape devices present the following problems: First, most existing escape ducts are fixed, making them difficult to use. During drilling and blasting operations, the workspace changes, and the personnel's working position also shifts, as drilling and blasting progress and debris is cleared. Existing escape ducts are fixed, and their initial placement is always conducive to escape. However, as the working position changes, the escape ducts gradually move away from the workers. In practice, simple escape duct docking is used. When the escape duct reaches the length of a single section, an additional section is simply connected. This constant fluctuation in the distance between the escape duct and the workers hinders their escape when they are far away from the escape duct. Second, the site of the escape pipe installation is not flat. Existing installation methods require leveling the site before installing and securing the escape pipe, a process that is dangerous for workers. Therefore, the speed of escape pipe installation is also related to the safety of workers in the event of a dangerous situation. Third, if a collapse is accompanied by oxygen deprivation or fire, the probability of escape is low. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention is used to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: An escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction includes an escape pipe assembly, a support assembly, and a protective assembly; the escape pipe assembly is composed of a first escape pipe, a second escape pipe, and subsequent escape pipes connected together; the support assembly is composed of a first supporting structure and a second supporting structure, the first escape pipe is movably arranged on the first supporting structure, and the second escape pipe is arranged on the second supporting structure; the protective assembly is connected to the head of the first escape pipe.

[0005] The above-mentioned escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction has a first supporting structure including a support seat and support legs; the support seat is an arc-shaped structure matching the outer shape of the first escape tube, and a first guide rail is provided on the inner arc surface of the support seat; the first escape tube is provided with a first slider matching the guide rail, and the first escape tube can slide along the first guide rail in the support seat; the second escape tube is a two-section structure consisting of a casing and a main pipe, the inner diameter of the casing matches the outer diameter of the first escape tube, and the tail end of the first escape tube is sleeved on the inside of the casing.

[0006] In the above-mentioned escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction, the support legs are hydraulic cylinders, and the hydraulic cylinders are connected to a hydraulic pump station.

[0007] The above-mentioned escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction, the protective assembly includes a protective cover; the protective cover is provided with an upper connecting plate and a lower connecting plate; the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate are arc-shaped plates matching the shape of the first escape pipe, and the protective cover is connected to the first escape pipe through the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate.

[0008] The above-mentioned escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction has a first slide chair arranged in the protective cover, the first slide chair consists of a chair plate and rollers, and the chair plate is an arc-shaped plate; a winch is arranged at one end of the first slide chair close to the first escape tube, and a cable is arranged on the winch. One end of the cable passes through the escape tube assembly and is fixed to the bracket.

[0009] The above-mentioned escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction is provided with a second guide rail on the inner wall of the protective cover, multiple second slides are stacked on the first slide, and the side of the second slide is provided with a slide groove matching the second guide rail; the ends of the first slide and the second slide are provided with connecting rings. During escape, the first slide and the second slide, as well as the adjacent second slides, are connected by connecting rings and connecting ropes and move within the escape tube assembly.

[0010] The above-mentioned escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction is provided with an air inlet pipe in the escape pipe assembly, and the air inlet pipe is arranged at the top of the first escape pipe, the second escape pipe, and the subsequent escape pipes; the air inlet pipe is provided with an air outlet hole, and the air outlet hole is arranged along the circumference of the air inlet pipe, and one end of the air inlet pipe is connected to the air pump; and is provided on the pipe wall at the lower part of the escape pipe assembly.

[0011] The escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction is provided with a water spray pipe in the escape pipe assembly. The water spray pipe is arranged in the same manner as the air intake pipe, and water nozzles are evenly arranged on the water spray pipe. Beneficial effects

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: First, the escape tube assembly and the support assembly are combined, and the first escape tube can be movably arranged on the first support structure, which can facilitate the forward advancement of the first escape tube to solve the problem of workers being away from the escape tube entrance caused by the advancement of drilling and blasting and the cleaning of gravel, and can ensure that when a dangerous situation occurs, the workers can quickly enter the escape tube to escape in a short time; at the same time, the first support structure can solve the problem of unstable installation of the escape tube caused by the uneven ground in the work site, and the time and labor-intensive problem, which is relatively dangerous for the workers, and can minimize the exposure of the workers to dangerous sites. Second, a protective assembly is combined with an escape assembly. The protective cover is connected to the first escape pipe via upper and lower connecting plates. This protects workers during evacuation, preventing them from being hit or incurring other injuries. It also protects the opening of the first escape pipe, facilitating the fastest possible evacuation. A first and second slide chair are connected end-to-end within the protective cover, facilitating the continuous evacuation of workers. In the event of an injury, they can assist each other, enabling the entire team to evacuate quickly. Third, an air intake pipe and a water spray pipe are incorporated into the escape pipe assembly. In the event of oxygen deficiency or fire in the tunnel, evacuation can be facilitated by the escape pipe. Air and water are supplied from the upper portion of the escape pipe assembly, and vents are provided on the lower walls of the first, second, and subsequent escape pipes of the escape pipe assembly to facilitate exhaust and water discharge, facilitating worker evacuation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is another partial structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first sliding chair of the present invention; Figure 5 It is another partial structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 6 It is another partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0015] The reference numerals in the figure represent: 1. First escape pipe, 2. Second escape pipe, 3. Subsequent escape pipes, 4. First supporting structure, 5. Second supporting structure, 6. Protective cover, 7. First slide chair, 8. Winch, 9. Second slide chair, 10. Air intake pipe, 2-1. Casing, 2-2. Main pipe, 4-1. Support seat, 4-2. Support leg, 6-1. Upper connecting plate, 6-2. Lower connecting plate, 6-3. Second guide rail, 7-1. Chair board, 7-1-1. Connecting ring, 7-2. Roller, 8-1. Cable, 8-2. Bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] See Figure 1-6 The present invention includes an escape tube assembly, a support assembly, and a protective assembly. The escape tube assembly is composed of a first escape tube 1, a second escape tube 2, and a subsequent escape tube 3 connected together. The support assembly is composed of a first support structure 4 and a second support structure 5. The first escape tube 1 is movably mounted on the first support structure 4, and the second escape tube 2 is mounted on the second support structure 5. The protective assembly is connected to the head of the first escape tube 1. The first escape tube is movably mounted on the first support structure, which facilitates the forward movement of the first escape tube to solve the problem of workers being away from the escape tube entrance due to drilling and blasting and the clearing of rubble. This ensures that in the event of an emergency, workers can quickly enter the escape tube for escape in a short period of time. At the same time, the first support structure solves the problem of unstable and time-consuming escape tube installation caused by uneven ground in the work site, which is a relatively dangerous period for workers, and can minimize the exposure of workers to dangerous sites.

[0018] The number of subsequent escape pipes 3 is determined according to the distance between the drilling and blasting construction surface and the secondary lining structure and the length of a single subsequent escape pipe 3 to ensure that the escape device extends to the bottom of the secondary lining structure to ensure that the workers are not injured secondary after escaping. The second escape pipe 2 is connected to the subsequent escape pipe 3 and the adjacent subsequent escape pipes 3 by connecting parts.

[0019] A third supporting structure can also be set up below the subsequent escape pipe 3, or pads or blocks can be used for support according to the ground conditions, and it can be docked with the second escape pipe 2. Because the first escape pipe 1 and the second escape pipe 2 are close to the construction surface and prone to landslides, they require rapid installation. In order to achieve the telescopic adjustment of the first escape pipe 1, the first supporting structure 4 and the first escape pipe 1 can adopt the following design: The first support structure 4 includes a support base 4-1 and legs 4-2. The support base 4-1 is an arc-shaped structure that matches the shape of the first escape tube 1. A first guide rail is provided on the inner curved surface of the support base 4-1. The first escape tube 1 is provided with a first slider that matches the guide rail, allowing the first escape tube 1 to slide along the first guide rail within the support base 4-1. The second escape tube 2 is a two-stage structure consisting of a sleeve 2-1 and a main tube 2-2. The inner diameter of the sleeve 2-1 matches the outer diameter of the first escape tube 1, and the tail end of the first escape tube 1 is sleeved inside the sleeve 2-1. The length direction of the first guide rail is parallel to the axis of the first escape tube 1.

[0020] The support leg 4-2 can be designed as follows: the support leg 4-2 is a hydraulic cylinder connected to a hydraulic pump station. A tilt sensor is installed on the support base 4-1. The output of the tilt sensor is connected to a PLC controller, and the output of the PLC controller is connected to a leveling valve group. The support leg 4-2 can also use an electric cylinder or a worm gear structure. The worm gear structure can be a manual worm gear structure or an electric worm gear structure.

[0021] The protective assembly can be designed as follows: the protective assembly includes a protective cover 6; the protective cover 6 is provided with an upper connecting plate 6-1 and a lower connecting plate 6-2; the upper connecting plate 6-1 and the lower connecting plate 6-2 are curved plates that match the shape of the first escape tube 1. The protective cover 6 is connected to the first escape tube 1 via the upper connecting plate 6-1 and the lower connecting plate 6-2. The upper connecting plate 6-1 serves as a protection against smashing, and the lower connecting plate 6-2 serves as a connection to facilitate access to the escape tube assembly. The protective assembly is used to prevent collapse by burying the escape tube opening and can also accommodate auxiliary escape tools. A protective support assembly can be provided below the protective assembly, which can be composed of a worm gear structure or an electric cylinder.

[0022] The traditional escape method involves crawling inside an escape tube, which is slow and lacks auxiliary escape tools. However, when there are injured or sick people among the escaping personnel, a sliding chair can be installed inside a protective cover. A first sliding chair 7 is installed inside the protective cover 6. The first sliding chair comprises a curved chair plate 7-1 and rollers 7-2. A winch 8 is installed at the end of the first sliding chair 7 near the first escape tube 1. A cable 8-1 is attached to the winch 8. One end of the cable 8-1 passes through the escape tube assembly and is secured to a bracket 8-2. Bracket 8-2 is installed on the side wall of the tunnel, and the escape tube assembly extends to.

[0023] When multiple slides are installed within the protective cover, the following configuration can be employed: a second guide rail 6-3 is provided on the inner sidewall of the protective cover 6, multiple second slides 9 are stacked on the first slide 7, and the sides of the second slides 9 are provided with grooves that match the second guide rail 6-3. Connecting rings 7-1-1 are provided at the ends of the first and second slides 7, 9. During escape, the first and second slides 7, 9, and adjacent second slides 9 can be connected via the connecting rings 7-1-1 and connecting ropes, allowing them to be moved within the escape tube assembly. The connecting ropes can also be metal buckles. The number of second slides 9 can range from 5 to 8, or can be adjusted based on the number of construction personnel. The protective component is combined with the escape component. The protective cover is connected to the first escape pipe through the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate. The workers can be protected when evacuating to prevent them from being hit or causing other injuries when escaping. At the same time, the mouth of the first escape pipe can also be protected to facilitate the fastest evacuation of the workers. The first slide and the second slide are arranged in the protective cover in an end-to-end manner, which is convenient for the continuous evacuation of the workers. At the same time, when there are injured people, they can help each other and realize the rapid evacuation of the entire work team.

[0024] The winch 8 can be a manual winch or an electric winch. When a manual winch is used, an uninjured person or a person with sufficient physical strength can be placed on the first slide 7, so that the people lying on the first slide 7 and the second slide 9 can be evacuated from the escape tube assembly in sequence.

[0025] The arc-shaped plates used for the upper connecting plate 6-1 and the lower connecting plate 6-2 can be semicircular, so as to facilitate the docking of the protective cover 6 and the first escape tube 1, while having a certain degree of airtightness, which is suitable for the case where the first slide 7 is not provided or only the first slide 7 is provided; it can also be an arc-shaped plate with an arc smaller than a semicircle of 110 degrees to 150 degrees, which is suitable for the case where the first slide 7 and multiple second slides 9 are provided. At this time, it is necessary to enter the first escape tube 1 from the gap between the connecting plate 6-1 and the lower connecting plate 6-2. Of course, the upper connecting plate 6-1 and the lower connecting plate 6-2 can also be semicircular. At this time, a movable door needs to be opened on the upper connecting plate 6-1, or a movable door needs to be opened at the connection between the upper connecting plate 6-1 and the lower connecting plate 6-2 to facilitate entry.

[0026] When there is hypoxia in the tunnel, the following solution can be adopted: an air inlet pipe 10 is provided in the escape pipe assembly, and the air inlet pipe 10 is provided at the top of the first escape pipe 1, the second escape pipe 2, and the subsequent escape pipe 3; an air outlet hole is provided on the air inlet pipe 10, and the air outlet holes are arranged along the circumference of the air inlet pipe 10, and one end of the air inlet pipe 10 is connected to an air pump or a gas cylinder such as an oxygen cylinder; an air outlet hole is provided on the pipe wall at the lower part of the escape pipe assembly, such as Figure 6 As shown, the air vent at the bottom can be used for ventilation and drainage if water enters the escape pipe assembly.

[0027] When there is a fire in the tunnel, a water spray pipe can be set in the escape pipe assembly: a water spray pipe is set in the escape pipe assembly, and the setting method of the water spray pipe is the same as the setting method of the air intake pipe 10, and water nozzles are evenly arranged on the water spray pipe.

Claims

1. An escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction, characterized in that: The invention comprises an escape tube assembly, a support assembly and a protection assembly; the escape tube assembly is composed of a first escape tube (1), a second escape tube (2) and a subsequent escape tube (3) connected together; the support assembly is composed of a first support structure (4) and a second support structure (5); the first escape tube (1) is movably arranged on the first support structure (4), and the second escape tube (2) is arranged on the second support structure (5); the protection assembly is connected to the head of the first escape tube (1).

2. The escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first support structure (4) comprises a support seat (4-1) and a support leg (4-2); the support seat (4-1) is an arc-shaped structure matching the outer shape of the first escape tube (1), and a first guide rail is provided on the inner arc surface of the support seat (4-1); a first slider matching the guide rail is provided on the first escape tube (1), and the first escape tube (1) can slide along the first guide rail in the support seat (4-1); the second escape tube (2) is a two-section structure, consisting of a sleeve (2-1) and a main tube (2-2); the inner diameter of the sleeve (2-1) matches the outer diameter of the first escape tube (1), and the tail of the first escape tube (1) is sleeved inside the sleeve (2-1).

3. The escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support leg (4-2) is a hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder is connected to a hydraulic pump station.

4. The escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective assembly comprises a protective cover (6); an upper connecting plate (6-1) and a lower connecting plate (6-2) are provided on the protective cover (6); the upper connecting plate (6-1) and the lower connecting plate (6-2) are arc-shaped plates matching the shape of the first escape tube (1); the protective cover (6) is connected to the first escape tube (1) via the upper connecting plate (6-1) and the lower connecting plate (6-2).

5. The escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first sliding chair (7) is provided in the protective cover (6), and the first sliding chair (7) is composed of a chair plate (7-1) and a roller (7-2), and the chair plate (7-1) is an arc-shaped plate; a winch (8) is provided at one end of the first sliding chair (7) close to the first escape tube (1), and a cable (8-1) is provided on the winch (8), and one end of the cable (8-1) passes through the escape tube assembly and is fixed to the bracket (8-2).

6. The escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: A second guide rail (6-3) is provided on the inner side wall of the protective cover (6), a plurality of second slides (9) are stacked on the first slide (7), and a slide groove matching the second guide rail (6-3) is provided on the side of the second slide (9); a connecting ring (7-1-1) is provided at the end of the first slide (7) and the second slide (9); when escaping, the first slide (7) and the second slide (9), as well as adjacent second slides (9), are connected by the connecting ring (7-1-1) and the connecting rope and move in the escape tube assembly.

7. The escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air intake pipe (10) is provided in the escape pipe assembly, and the air intake pipe (10) is provided at the top of the first escape pipe (1), the second escape pipe (2), and the subsequent escape pipe (3); an air outlet is provided on the air intake pipe (10), and the air outlet is provided along the circumference of the air intake pipe (10), and one end of the air intake pipe (10) is connected to the air pump; a is provided on the pipe wall at the lower part of the escape pipe assembly.

8. The escape device for tunnel drilling and blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water spray pipe is provided in the escape pipe assembly. The water spray pipe is provided in the same manner as the air intake pipe (10), and water spray nozzles are evenly provided on the water spray pipe.

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