Electric drive system for electric loader

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric driving system for an electric loader, and relates to the field of new energy three-electricity. An electric driving system for an electric loader comprises a working motor, a two-gear gearbox, a gear shifting motor, a gear shifting fork, a driving motor, a first working pump and a second working pump, the two-gear gearbox is fixedly connected with a closed box of the working motor, and a second-gear input gear and a first-gear input gear are arranged on an input shaft of the two-gear gearbox; multi-working-condition adaptation is achieved through different gear characteristics of the two-gear gearbox, the torque increasing characteristic is used for the first gear, dual-motor coupling is matched, power is sufficient, stable and efficient when the loader shovels, cost is reduced, and energy is saved; the second gear enables the motor to operate efficiently, the motor is driven to recover energy, power-assisted transition saves energy and is efficient and long in endurance, meanwhile, the motor and the gearbox are integrated, the space proportion of a power system is reduced, maintenance is convenient, and the overall layout flexibility is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of new energy, three-electric technology, and specifically relates to an electric drive system for an electric loader. Background Art

[0002] In the field of electric loaders, with the promotion and application of new energy technologies, the performance optimization of electric drive systems has become a focus of industry attention. The operating scenarios of electric loaders cover low-speed, high-torque conditions for shoveling materials and high-speed driving conditions for site transfer, which puts higher requirements on the multi-condition adaptability, power efficiency and integration of the electric drive system.

[0003] The electric drive systems for electric loaders currently on the market still have the following drawbacks in actual use. First, traditional single-speed gearboxes or single-motor solutions struggle to balance the high torque requirements for shoveling heavy loads with high-speed efficiency during transfers. The high-power motors configured to meet peak torque requirements are not only bulky and expensive, but also waste energy due to prolonged periods of low efficiency at low speeds.

[0004] Second, during high-speed transitions, the single-speed system cannot match the motor speed to the high-efficiency range, and the lack of an energy recovery mechanism results in insufficient endurance.

[0005] Third, the decentralized layout of the motor, gearbox, and working pump takes up a large amount of space in the vehicle. The design of hanging the working pump on the motor end cover is prone to vibration failure due to excessive suspension. The complex hydraulic pipelines and maintenance interfaces also lead to poor system reliability and maintenance convenience. In view of this, the present invention is specially proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an electric drive system for an electric loader that can overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] An electric drive system for an electric loader includes a working motor, a two-speed gearbox, a shift motor, a shift fork, a drive motor, a working pump 1, and a working pump 2, wherein the two-speed gearbox is fixedly connected to the working motor's housing, a second-speed input gear and a first-speed input gear are provided on the input shaft of the two-speed gearbox, and an output gear 1, an output gear 2, and an output gear 3 are provided on the output shaft of the two-speed gearbox; the shift motor and the shift fork are used for gear switching of the two-speed gearbox; the drive motor is provided at the output end of the two-speed gearbox and is meshed with the output gear 3; the working pump 1 and the working pump 2 are respectively connected to the power take-off port 1 and the power take-off port 2 on the two-speed gearbox, the power take-off port 1 corresponds to the output gear 1, and the power take-off port 2 corresponds to the output gear 2.

[0009] Preferably, after the working motor is combined with the two-speed gearbox, it is connected to the working pump 1 and the working pump 2 through the power take-off port 1 and the power take-off port 2 to provide hydraulic system power for the entire vehicle.

[0010] Furthermore, the first gear of the two-speed gearbox is driven by a first-gear input gear and an output gear set, and the second gear is driven by a second-gear input gear and an output gear set.

[0011] Furthermore, the drive motor and the output shaft of the two-speed gearbox are driven by three-way meshing of the output gear.

[0012] Furthermore, the power take-off port 1 is transmission-connected to the output gear 1 and is used to drive the driving working pump 1, and the power take-off port 2 is transmission-connected to the output gear 2 and is used to drive the working pump 2.

[0013] Furthermore, the input shaft of the two-speed gearbox is transmission-connected to the output end of the working motor, and the output shaft is transmission-connected to the drive motor.

[0014] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0015] The invention's first-gear torque-increasing feature of the two-speed gearbox allows the motor to meet heavy-load requirements without excessive power, reducing motor cost and energy consumption. The dual-motor coupling compensates for the insufficient peak torque of a single motor, improving power output stability. The direct connection of the working pump to the gearbox to take off power avoids suspension problems and ensures system reliability, making the loader powerful, stable, efficient, and reliable during shoveling.

[0016] The two-speed gearbox allows the motor to operate efficiently, reducing energy consumption during transitions. The energy recovery of the drive motor improves the vehicle's range, and the continuous adaptation of the working pump ensures smooth switching between working conditions, making the transition process energy-efficient, efficient, and long-lasting.

[0017] The integration of the gearbox and motor allows the power system to take up less space, leaving more possibilities for the layout of other loader components, thereby improving the flexibility of the entire vehicle and facilitating its maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0019] In the figure: 1. Working motor; 2. Two-speed gearbox; 3. Shift motor; 4. Shift fork; 5. Second-speed input gear; 6. Input shaft; 7. Output gear one; 8. Output shaft; 9. Output gear two; 10. Complete vehicle; 11. Output gear three; 12. Power take-off port one; 13. Working pump one; 14. Power take-off port two; 15. Working pump two; 16. First-speed input gear; 17. Drive motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0021] Example:

[0022] Reference Figure 1 An electric drive system for an electric loader includes a working motor 1, a two-speed gearbox 2, a shift motor 3, a shift fork 4, a drive motor 17, a working pump 13, and a working pump 2 15, wherein the two-speed gearbox 2 is fixedly connected to the housing of the working motor 1, a second-speed input gear 5 and a first-speed input gear 16 are provided on the input shaft 6 of the two-speed gearbox 2, and an output gear 1 7, an output gear 2 9, and an output gear 3 11 are provided on the output shaft 8 of the two-speed gearbox 2; the shift motor 3 and the shift fork 4 are used for gear shifting of the two-speed gearbox 2; the drive motor 17 is provided at the output end of the two-speed gearbox 2 and is meshed with the output gear 3 11; the working pump 1 13 and the working pump 2 15 are respectively connected to the power take-off port 1 12 and the power take-off port 2 14 on the two-speed gearbox 2, the power take-off port 12 corresponds to the output gear 1 7, and the power take-off port 2 14 corresponds to the output gear 2 9;

[0023] The electric drive system of this electric loader takes the two-speed gearbox 2 as the core integrated hub, and the working motor 1 is one of the main power sources. It is connected to the input shaft 6 of the two-speed gearbox 2 through the output end to input initial power to the gearbox; the shift motor 3 cooperates with the shift fork 4, based on the gear meshing principle, to switch the meshing state of the second-speed input gear 5, the first-speed input gear 16 and the output shaft 8 gear to realize the gear shift of the gearbox; the drive motor 17 is arranged at the output end of the gearbox, and is engaged with the output shaft 8 with the help of the output gear three 11 to supplement or cooperate with the output power; the working pump 1 13 and the working pump 2 15 are respectively connected to the output gear 1 7 and the output gear 2 9 through the power take-off port 12 and the power take-off port 2 14, converting the gearbox power into hydraulic energy to meet the needs of the loader working device.

[0024] After the working motor 1 is coupled to the two-speed gearbox 2, it is connected to the working pump 1 13 and the working pump 2 15 through the power take-off port 1 12 and the power take-off port 2 14 to provide hydraulic system power for the vehicle 10;

[0025] When the working motor 1 is running, its output power is transmitted to the two-speed gearbox 2 through the input shaft 6. After the gear adaptation (first gear or second gear) is completed inside the gearbox, the output shaft 8 drives the output gear 1 7 and the output gear 2 9 to rotate. Since the power take-off port 12 and the power take-off port 2 14 are respectively connected to the two output gears, the power can be directly transmitted to the working pump 13 and the working pump 2 15, driving the pump body to operate and generate high-pressure oil. Compared with the traditional motor driving the working pump alone, this direct-connected power take-off method of the motor, gearbox and working pump shortens the power transmission path, reduces the loss of intermediate components, and can make the hydraulic system power response faster. At the same time, it reduces the complexity of the pipeline connection caused by the dispersed arrangement of components, improves the compactness of the layout of the whole vehicle 10, and provides a stable high-pressure oil source for the loader hydraulic actuator (such as bucket and boom), ensuring the smooth movement of the whole vehicle 10.

[0026] The first gear of the two-speed gearbox 2 is transmitted through the first gear input gear 16 and the output gear set, and the second gear is transmitted through the second gear input gear 5 and the output gear set;

[0027] The shift motor 3 drives the shift fork 4, so that the first gear input gear 16 meshes with the corresponding gear on the output shaft 8. The power of the working motor 1 is transmitted to the output shaft 8 through the input shaft 6 and the first gear input gear 16. The gear transmission ratio of this gear is designed to be a large speed ratio (for example, the input gear has a small number of teeth and the output gear has a large number of teeth). According to the principle of torque increase and reduction of the small gear with the large gear in the gear transmission, the torque can be greatly amplified, which is suitable for low-speed and high-torque working conditions such as shoveling of the loader, allowing the loader to output strong driving force when shoveling heavy materials;

[0028] The shift fork 4 switches to the second gear input gear 5 and meshes with the output shaft 8 gear. The second gear adopts a small transmission ratio (the difference in the number of teeth of the input and output gears is small). The power of the working motor 1 is transmitted through this to achieve high-speed and low-torque output, meeting the high-speed driving requirements such as loader transfer, so that the motor maintains a relatively reasonable speed under high-speed working conditions, avoiding the inefficient operation of a small horse pulling a large cart or a large horse pulling a small cart.

[0029] The drive motor 17 is meshed with the output shaft 8 of the two-speed gearbox 2 through the output gear 3 11;

[0030] The drive motor 17 is engaged with the output gear three 11. When the output shaft 8 of the two-speed gearbox 2 rotates, the output gear three 11 drives the drive motor 17 to operate. When the loader is working, if it is in the electric state, the drive motor 17 can be used as an auxiliary power source to coordinate with the working motor 1 to output torque. According to the principle of dual-motor torque superposition, the total driving force of the system is improved. If it is in the coasting, braking and other working conditions, the drive motor 17 can be switched to the power generation mode to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy for recovery and storage, thereby realizing energy reuse. This power coupling design enables the system to flexibly adapt to different working conditions and optimize power output and energy management.

[0031] Power take-off port 12 is in transmission connection with output gear 1 7 and is used to drive working pump 1 13. Power take-off port 2 14 is in transmission connection with output gear 2 9 and is used to drive working pump 2 15.

[0032] Power take-off port 12 and power take-off port 2 14 serve as the connection interfaces between the gearbox and the working pump. They are linked to output gear 1 7 and output gear 2 9 through transmission structures such as gears or splines. When the output gears rotate, the power take-off ports rotate synchronously and drive working pump 1 13 and working pump 2 15. This design replaces the traditional method of suspending the working pump on the motor end cover, avoiding the risk of vibration amplification and component fatigue fracture caused by excessive suspension, ensuring the stability of the working pump operation, and at the same time allowing the working pump layout to be closer to the power source, shortening the length of the hydraulic pipeline, reducing pressure loss, and improving the efficiency of the hydraulic system.

[0033] The input shaft 6 of the two-speed gearbox 2 is in transmission connection with the output end of the working motor 1, and the output shaft 8 is in transmission connection with the drive motor 17;

[0034] The input shaft 6 of the two-speed gearbox 2 receives the output power of the working motor 1, and the output shaft 8 transmits the power after speed change and torque conversion through the gearbox to the drive motor 17 through the output gear three 11 on the one hand, and distributes it to the working pump with the help of the output gear one 7, the output gear two 9 and the power take-off port on the other hand. This one-input and multiple-output power connection mode, based on the engagement of gear transmission, realizes the reasonable distribution and conversion of power, so that the power of a single working motor 1 can simultaneously meet multiple requirements such as loader travel drive and working device hydraulic drive, simplifying the system structure and improving power utilization efficiency.

[0035] During specific use, in the shoveling working condition (low speed and high torque requirement), the working motor 1 is started, and the output end drives the input shaft 6 of the two-speed gearbox 2 to rotate. At this time, the system defaults or according to the working condition instruction, and the shift motor 3 drives the shift fork 4 to make the first gear input gear 16 mesh with the corresponding gear of the output shaft 8, entering the first gear mode. The first gear high transmission ratio gear set is used to convert the power of the working motor 1 into torque increase and deceleration, so that it can provide sufficient torque for shoveling heavy loads;

[0036] During the rotation of the output shaft 8, the output gear 3 11 drives the drive motor 17 to operate. The drive motor 17 serves as an auxiliary power source and cooperates with the working motor 1 to output torque. The superposition of the two torques improves the total driving force of the system based on the principle of force synthesis, so that the loader can shovel up heavy materials smoothly. At the same time, the output gear 1 7 and the output gear 2 9 rotate, driving the working pump 1 13 and the working pump 2 15 through the power take-off port 1 12 and the power take-off port 2 14, which can quickly generate high-pressure oil to drive the bucket, boom and other working devices to move. Due to the short power transmission path and fast response, the hydraulic device can quickly cooperate with the mechanical action to improve the shoveling efficiency.

[0037] In this process, the torque-increasing characteristic of the first gear of the two-speed transmission allows the motor to meet heavy-load requirements without having to configure excessive power, reducing motor costs and energy consumption. The dual-motor coupling makes up for the insufficient peak torque of a single motor, improving power output stability. The working pump is directly connected to the transmission to take off power, avoiding suspension problems and ensuring system reliability, making the loader powerful, stable, efficient and reliable when shoveling.

[0038] In the transition working condition (high-speed driving requirement), when the loader completes shoveling and needs to move, the vehicle 10 control system issues a command, and the shift motor 3 drives the shift fork 4 to switch to the second gear input gear 5 and mesh with the output shaft 8. The second gear has a small transmission ratio, so that the power of the working motor 1 is converted through the gearbox, and the output shaft 8 achieves high-speed and low-torque rotation, adapting to the high-speed transition requirement, allowing the motor to run in the high-efficiency speed range, avoiding the problem of motor heating and low efficiency due to low speed and high load;

[0039] The output shaft 8 drives the output gear three 11 to rotate the drive motor 17. At this time, if the transition is uniform speed, the drive motor 17 can assist the working motor 1 in outputting power to maintain high-speed driving. If sliding or braking occurs, the drive motor 17 switches to power generation mode to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy storage to achieve energy recovery. At the same time, the output gear one 7 and the output gear two 9 still drive the working pump to provide basic pressure maintenance and standby power for the hydraulic system, ensuring that the working device can respond quickly after the transition;

[0040] In this process, the second gear of the two-speed transmission allows the motor to run efficiently, reducing the energy consumption of the transition, and the energy recovery of the drive motor 17 improves the endurance of the entire vehicle 10. The continuous adaptation of the working pump ensures smooth switching of working conditions, making the transition process energy-saving, efficient, and long-lasting.

[0041] In summary, since the system adopts an integrated design, compared with the traditional decentralized layout, a large number of pipeline and bracket disassembly and assembly steps are reduced during maintenance. For example, when inspecting the working pump, the connection between the power take-off port and the pump can be directly operated without removing unnecessary components such as the motor end cover. In addition, the integration of the gearbox and the motor makes the power system take up less space, leaving more possibilities for the layout of other components of the loader, which improves the flexibility of the entire vehicle 10 and facilitates its maintenance.

[0042] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention.

Claims

1. An electric drive system for an electric loader, characterized in that: It includes a working motor (1), a two-speed gearbox (2), a shift motor (3), a shift fork (4), a drive motor (17), a working pump 1 (13), and a working pump 2 (15). The two-speed gearbox (2) is fixedly connected to the clutch of the working motor (1); a second-speed input gear (5) and a first-speed input gear (16) are provided on the input shaft (6) of the two-speed gearbox (2); and an output gear 1 (7), an output gear 2 (9) and an output gear 3 (11) are provided on the output shaft (8) of the two-speed gearbox (2); The shift motor (3) and the shift fork (4) are used for shifting the gears of the two-speed gearbox (2); The driving motor (17) is arranged on the output end of the two-speed gearbox (2) and is meshedly connected with the output gear three (11); The working pump 1 (13) and the working pump 2 (15) are respectively connected to the power take-off port 1 (12) and the power take-off port 2 (14) on the two-speed gearbox (2); the power take-off port 1 (12) corresponds to the output gear 1 (7), and the power take-off port 2 (14) corresponds to the output gear 2 (9).

2. The electric drive system for an electric loader according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the working motor (1) is coupled to the two-speed gearbox (2), it is connected to the working pump (13) and the working pump (15) via the power take-off port (12) and the power take-off port (14), so as to provide hydraulic system power for the entire vehicle (10).

3. The electric drive system for an electric loader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first gear of the two-speed gearbox (2) is driven by a first-speed input gear (16) and an output gear set, and the second gear is driven by a second-speed input gear (5) and an output gear set.

4. The electric drive system for an electric loader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving motor (17) is meshed with the output shaft (8) of the two-speed gearbox (2) for transmission via the output gear three (11).

5. The electric drive system for an electric loader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power take-off port 1 (12) is in transmission connection with the output gear 1 (7) and is used to drive the driving working pump 1 (13); the power take-off port 2 (14) is in transmission connection with the output gear 2 (9) and is used to drive the working pump 2 (15).

6. The electric drive system for an electric loader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input shaft (6) of the two-speed gearbox (2) is in transmission connection with the output end of the working motor (1), and the output shaft (8) is in transmission connection with the drive motor (17).

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