A wet vortex scrubbing tower with side air intake

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of waste gas treatment equipment, specifically a wet cyclone scrubbing tower with a side-inlet air intake method. The invention includes a tower body, a circulating water tank, and a control box. The tower body has an air inlet on its side and an exhaust outlet on its top. Inside the tower body is a gas-liquid contact chamber, in which an air inlet chamber and at least two cyclone chambers are arranged horizontally in sequence. A first baffle is provided within each cyclone chamber, and a second baffle is fixedly connected to the surface of the first baffle. The first baffle, the second baffle, and the inner wall of the cyclone chamber together form a first cyclone zone. A first air outlet is provided between the second baffle and the inner wall of the cyclone chamber. A third baffle is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cyclone chamber, and the third baffle, the first baffle, and the second baffle together form a second cyclone zone. This invention, by providing a gas-liquid contact chamber within the tower body, with an air inlet chamber and cyclone chambers arranged sequentially within the gas-liquid contact chamber, allows for thorough mixing and contact between the gas and liquid, enabling the liquid to better absorb the organic waste gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste gas treatment equipment technology, and in particular to a wet water vortex scrubbing tower with a side air intake method. Background Technology

[0002] The existing VOCs scrubbing tower treatment device uses the following method: VOCs are collected through pipelines and then enter the scrubbing tower using an induced draft fan. The lower part of the scrubbing tower inlet is a circulating water tank. Inside the scrubbing tower, the gas first passes through an air volume distributor to even out the air volume, and then passes through a primary spray. After spraying, the gas enters the packing zone, where the packing increases the gas residence time. The gas then passes through a secondary spray before returning to the packing zone. The number of spray stages varies depending on the concentration of pollutants in the exhaust gas; the higher the concentration, the higher the number of spray stages. Finally, the gas is treated by a demister before being discharged at high altitude.

[0003] When the concentration of VOCs in the exhaust gas is high, multi-stage spraying must be used for treatment, sometimes even reaching 4-5 stages. In this case, it is necessary to increase the height of the scrubbing tower and add equipment such as water pumps and pipelines. As a result, the current VOCs scrubbing tower is too tall and the equipment cost is too high when treating high concentrations of VOCs. Moreover, the gas and liquid are only brought into contact through spraying, resulting in insufficient gas-liquid mixing and unsatisfactory exhaust gas treatment effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a wet cyclone scrubbing tower with a side-inlet air intake method. By providing a gas-liquid contact chamber inside the tower body, and sequentially arranging an air intake chamber and a cyclone chamber within the gas-liquid contact chamber, the invention overcomes the inadequacy of existing technologies in terms of waste gas treatment performance.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The present invention proposes a wet cyclone scrubbing tower with a side-inlet air intake method, comprising: a tower body, a circulating water tank, and a control box. The tower body has an air inlet on its side and an exhaust outlet on its top. Inside the tower body is a gas-liquid contact chamber, in which an air inlet chamber and at least two cyclone chambers are arranged horizontally in sequence. The air inlet is connected to the air inlet chamber, and both cyclone chambers have gas-liquid mixing ports on their sides. A first baffle is provided inside the cyclone chamber, directly opposite the gas-liquid mixing port, and a second baffle is fixedly connected to the surface of the first baffle. The tower consists of a first baffle, a second baffle, and the inner wall of the cyclone chamber, which together form a first cyclone zone. A first air outlet is provided between the second baffle and the inner wall of the cyclone chamber. A third baffle is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cyclone chamber. The third baffle is located above the first air outlet, and a second air outlet is formed between the end of the third baffle and the upper end of the first baffle. The third baffle, the first baffle, and the second baffle together form a second cyclone zone. The gas-liquid mixture is fully mixed and in contact in the first and second cyclone zones. An adsorption chamber is provided at the top of the tower body, and an exhaust vent is located at the top of the adsorption chamber. An adsorption layer is provided inside the adsorption chamber.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a spray pipe is installed below the gas-liquid mixing port, and the spray pipe is provided with a plurality of spray nozzles. Gas and liquid are mixed through the gas-liquid mixing port and then enter the cyclone chamber.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the tower body is provided with a water storage hopper, the bottom of the water storage hopper is provided with a drain outlet, and a plurality of water leakage holes are provided between the bottom of the tower body and the water storage hopper.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas-liquid mixing port has a funnel-shaped structure and extends into the cyclone chamber, and an upwardly inclined extension plate is fixedly connected to the gas-liquid mixing port.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the circulating water tank is connected to the drain outlet, and an electromagnetic flow valve is installed on the drain outlet to control the water level in the water storage tank, and a liquid level sensor is installed inside the tower body.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the circulating water tank is provided with a filter layer inside, and a water pipe is connected to the circulating water tank. The water pipe is connected to a spray pipe, and a circulating water pump is connected to the water pipe to transport the water that has been filtered and left to stand in the circulating water tank to the spray pipe.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tower body is further provided with a packing chamber located on one side of the gas-liquid contact chamber. The packing chamber is provided with a packing layer, and the gas-liquid contact chamber is provided with an exhaust port on its side. The exhaust port is connected to the packing chamber, and a gas-liquid separation device is connected between the packing chamber and the adsorption chamber.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas-liquid separation device includes a separation tank, a gas-liquid inlet pipe at the bottom of the separation tank, a gas outlet pipe at the top, and a liquid outlet pipe on the bottom side. The liquid outlet pipe is fixedly connected to a drain pipe, which extends into the packing chamber.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the separator is provided with a duct inside which is sealed and connected to the gas-liquid inlet pipe. Multiple baffles are fixedly connected to the duct along its height direction. The duct is provided with an upwardly inclined air outlet corresponding to the baffles. An inverted L-shaped baffle is fixedly connected above the baffles. The gas and liquid are separated under the limiting effect of the baffles and the baffles.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a ventilation hole is formed between the baffle plate and the deflector plate, and an air inlet is provided on the air duct. The air inlet is located above the deflector plate. After the gas and liquid are separated, they re-enter the air duct through the ventilation hole and the air inlet. A filter screen is installed at the air inlet.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0016] 1. The present invention provides a gas-liquid contact chamber inside the tower, and an air inlet chamber and a cyclone chamber are arranged in sequence inside the gas-liquid contact chamber. The cyclone chamber has a gas-liquid mixing port on the side and a first cyclone zone and a second cyclone zone inside. After the gas and liquid enter the cyclone chamber, they form cyclones and are stirred in the first cyclone zone and the second cyclone zone respectively, so as to fully mix and contact, thereby enabling the liquid to better absorb the gaseous organic waste gas.

[0017] 2. The washing tower of this invention uses a cyclone method to fully mix and contact the gas and liquid, replacing the traditional spray method of washing towers. This method is more effective, reduces the height of the equipment and its own cost, and has higher market value. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a wet water vortex scrubbing tower with a side air intake method proposed in this invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of a wet water vortex scrubbing tower with a side air intake method proposed in this invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional front view of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the gas-liquid separation device proposed in this invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the gas-liquid separation device proposed in this invention.

[0024] The corresponding names of the attached figures are as follows:

[0025] 100. Tower body; 101. Water storage hopper; 102. Air inlet; 103. Air outlet; 104. Air inlet chamber; 105. Cyclone chamber; 106. First baffle; 107. Second baffle; 108. First cyclone zone; 109. Third baffle; 110. Second cyclone zone; 111. Gas-liquid mixing port; 112. First air outlet; 113. Packing chamber; 114. Second air outlet; 115. Adsorption chamber; 116. Adsorption layer; 117. Extension plate; 118. Drain outlet; 119. Leakage hole; 120. Gas-liquid contact chamber; 121. Exhaust port; 122. Observation window; 123. Packing layer;

[0026] 200. Gas-liquid separation device; 201. Gas-liquid inlet pipe; 202. Gas outlet pipe; 203. Liquid outlet pipe; 204. Air duct; 205. Air outlet; 206. Baffle plate; 207. Flow deflector; 208. Ventilation hole; 209. Air inlet; 210. Separation tank; 211. Drain pipe; 212. Filter screen;

[0027] 300. Circulating water tank;

[0028] 400. Circulating water pump; 401. Water pipe; 402. Spray pipe; 403. Spray nozzle;

[0029] 500. Electromagnetic flow valve;

[0030] 600. Liquid level sensor;

[0031] 700. Control box. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0033] Example: This example discloses a wet vortex scrubbing tower with a side-inlet air intake, such as... Figures 1-6As shown, the system includes: a tower body 100, a circulating water tank 300, and a control box 700. The tower body 100 has a rectangular box structure and a transparent glass observation window 122 on its surface for easy viewing of the internal condition of the tower body 100. The tower body 100 has an air inlet 102 on its side and an exhaust outlet 103 on its top. The air inlet 102 has a diameter of 0.5m, and the exhaust outlet 103 has a diameter of 0.6m. A duct is connected to the exhaust outlet 103, and the duct is connected to an external high-power fan. The fan provides high-speed airflow to the tower body 100, with an air velocity of 1-1.5 m / s. The tower body 100 also has a water storage tank 101 at its bottom, with a drain outlet 118 at its bottom. Multiple drainage holes 119 are located between the bottom of the tower body 100 and the water storage tank 101, allowing liquid inside the tower body 100 to flow into the water storage tank 101 through the drainage holes 119. The water storage hopper 101 is used to store water, and the water level is higher than the drain hole 119. The circulating water tank 300 is connected to the drain outlet 118. The circulating water tank 300 is equipped with a filter layer made of activated carbon. The circulating water tank 300 is used to filter and stagnate the outflowing wastewater. The filtered wastewater is then transported to the tower body 100 for recycling. An electromagnetic flow valve 500 is installed on the drain outlet 118 to control the water level in the water storage hopper 101. A liquid level sensor 600 is installed inside the tower body 100 to monitor the water level. The liquid level sensor 600 sends the liquid level signal to the control box 700. The control box 700 controls the opening degree of the electromagnetic flow valve 500, thereby controlling the liquid level in the tower body 100. The liquid level in the tower body 100 is controlled to be higher than the drain hole 119 and lower than the spray pipe 402.

[0034] Preferably, the top of the tower body 100 is provided with an adsorption chamber 115, and the exhaust port 103 is provided at the top of the adsorption chamber 115. The adsorption chamber 115 is provided with an adsorption layer 116, which is made of activated carbon, to further adsorb harmful gases in the gas. After the gas-liquid mixture is separated, the gas enters the adsorption chamber 115, is adsorbed by the adsorption layer 116, and is then extracted from the exhaust port 103.

[0035] like Figures 3-4As shown, the tower body 100 has a gas-liquid contact chamber 120 inside. Within the gas-liquid contact chamber 120, a horizontal air inlet chamber 104 and at least two cyclone chambers 105 are arranged sequentially. In this embodiment, two cyclone chambers 105 are provided. The air inlet 102 is connected to the air inlet chamber 104, and exhaust gas enters the air inlet chamber 104 through the air inlet 102. Both cyclone chambers 105 have gas-liquid mixing ports 111 on their sides. A spray pipe 402 is installed below the gas-liquid mixing port 111. At a position of 0.2-0.3m, the spray pipe 402 is equipped with several spray nozzles 403, which spray out circular mist-like liquid. The gas and liquid are mixed through the gas-liquid mixing port 111 and then drawn into the cyclone chamber 105 by strong suction. The gas and liquid are mixed at the gas-liquid mixing port 111 and enter the cyclone chamber 105. The cyclone chamber 105 is equipped with a first baffle 106 directly opposite the gas-liquid mixing port 111. The first baffle 106 includes a vertical plate and an inclined plate. The gas-liquid mixture passes directly through the gas-liquid mixing port 111. The gas is blown towards the first baffle 106, and a second baffle 107 is fixedly connected to the surface of the first baffle 106. The second baffle 107 is horizontally arranged. The first baffle 106, the second baffle 107, and the inner wall of the cyclone chamber 105 together form a first cyclone zone 108. Under the limitation of the first baffle 106 and the second baffle 107, the gas-liquid mixture forms a cyclone in the first cyclone zone 108, which fully mixes and agitates the mixture, allowing the liquid to fully absorb the organic waste gas in the gas. Furthermore, the second baffle 107 and the inner wall of the cyclone chamber 105... A first air outlet 112 is provided, and a third baffle 109 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cyclone chamber 105. The third baffle 109 is located above the first air outlet 112, and a second air outlet 114 is formed between the end of the third baffle 109 and the upper end of the first baffle 106. The third baffle 109, the first baffle 106, and the second baffle 107 together form a second cyclone zone 110. After the gas-liquid mixture exits through the first air outlet 112, it enters the second cyclone zone 110 to form a cyclone again, further mixing and agitating it. In specific implementation: Figure 4As shown in the diagram, the arrows indicate the airflow direction and cyclone position. Exhaust gas enters the inlet chamber 104 through the inlet 102. Then, as it passes through the gas-liquid mixing port 111, the space narrows, and the airflow suddenly increases. Liquid is sprayed from the spray pipe 402. The liquid mixes with the gas at the gas-liquid mixing port 111 and moves with the gas under the influence of the high-speed airflow. After entering the cyclone chamber 105, the gas-liquid mixture is limited by the first baffle 106 and the second baffle 107, forming a cyclone in the first cyclone zone 108. The mixture fully contacts and mixes in the first cyclone zone 108, allowing the liquid to fully absorb harmful gases and impurities from the gas. After the gas-liquid mixture forms a cyclone in the first cyclone zone 108, part of the liquid falls under inertia and gravity into the water storage tank 101, while the other part... The liquid and gas enter the second cyclone zone 110 through the first outlet 112. Under the restriction of the third baffle 109, the first baffle 106, and the second baffle 107, a secondary cyclone is formed again. The liquid further absorbs harmful gases and impurities in the gas. During the two cyclone processes, the gas-liquid mixture changes direction multiple times. A portion of the liquid is retained due to inertia and eventually flows to the bottom of the tower body 100, while the other portion continues to be transported forward with the gas. Then, the gas flows downward through the second outlet 114 and mixes with the liquid again through the gas-liquid mixing port 111 before entering the next cyclone chamber 105 for further mixing. The gas-liquid mixture undergoes four cyclone mixing processes through the two cyclone chambers 105, ensuring thorough mixing and contact between the gas and liquid, allowing the liquid to fully absorb harmful gases and impurities from the gas.

[0036] The circulating water tank 300 is connected to a water pipe 401, which is connected to a spray pipe 402. A valve assembly is connected to the water pipe 401 to control the opening and closing of the water pipe 401. A circulating water pump 400 is connected to the water pipe 401 to transport the water that has been filtered and settled in the circulating water tank 300 to the spray pipe 402, thereby enabling the water in the tower body 100 to be recycled and saving water resources.

[0037] Preferably, the gas-liquid mixing port 111 has a funnel-shaped structure and extends into the cyclone chamber 105, which increases the flow velocity of the gas when it passes through the gas-liquid mixing port 111, making it easier to drive the liquid to move together. An upwardly inclined extension plate 117 is fixedly connected to the gas-liquid mixing port 111. The extension plate 117 has two functions: first, it guides the airflow so that the airflow enters the cyclone chamber 105 at an upward inclination, which facilitates the formation of a vortex cyclone; second, when liquid drips in the first cyclone zone 108, the extension plate 117 catches a portion of the dripping liquid, and the liquid mixes with the gas again, increasing the number of times the liquid and gas mix and contact.

[0038] Preferably, the tower body 100 is further provided with a packing chamber 113 located on one side of the gas-liquid contact chamber 120. The packing chamber 113 is provided with a packing layer 123, which is a tray-type packing, for further mixing and contact of gas and liquid. The gas-liquid contact chamber 120 is provided with an exhaust port 121 on its side, which is connected to the packing chamber 113. A gas-liquid separation device 200 is connected between the packing chamber 113 and the adsorption chamber 115. The gas in the cyclone chamber 105 enters the packing chamber 113 through the exhaust port 121, and is further mixed and contacted by the packing layer 123. Then the gas enters the gas-liquid separation device 200 for gas-liquid separation.

[0039] like Figures 5-6 As shown, the gas-liquid separation device 200 includes a separation tank 210, a gas-liquid inlet pipe 201 at the bottom, a gas outlet pipe 202 at the top, and a liquid outlet pipe 203 on the side of the bottom of the separation tank 210. The gas-liquid inlet pipe 201 is connected to the packing chamber 113, the gas outlet pipe 202 is connected to the adsorption chamber 115, and the liquid outlet pipe 203 is fixedly connected to a drain pipe 211, which extends into the packing chamber 113, and the discharged water enters the tower body 100. Inside the separation tank 210, there is a duct 204 that is sealed to the gas-liquid inlet pipe 201. Multiple baffles 206 are fixedly connected to the duct 204 along its height, and the baffles 206 divide the duct 204 into sections. The ventilation duct 204 is divided into a multi-section cylindrical structure. The duct 204 has upwardly inclined air outlets 205 corresponding to the baffles 206. An inverted L-shaped baffle 207 is fixedly connected above the baffles 206. Gas and liquid separate under the constraint of the baffles 206 and 207. A ventilation hole 208 is formed between the baffles 207 and 206. The duct 204 also has an air inlet 209 located above the baffles 206. After separation, the gas and liquid re-enter the duct 204 through the ventilation hole 208 and the air inlet 209. A filter screen 212 is installed at the air inlet 209. In specific implementation: (e.g.) Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the arrows indicate the airflow direction. The gas-liquid mixture enters the air duct 204 through the gas-liquid inlet pipe 201. The gas flows out from the outlet 205 under the limitation of the baffle plate 206. Under the action of the baffle plate 206 and the baffle plate 207, the liquid separates from the gas due to inertia. The liquid falls, and the gas re-enters the air duct 204 through the ventilation hole 208 and the air inlet 209. The filter screen 212 further intercepts the liquid. The gas continues to move upward. The gas-liquid mixture is redirected and intercepted again. The gas droplets are impacted by inertia and intercepted by the filter screen 212. After accumulating, they drip down along the baffle plate 206, the baffle plate 207 and the inner wall of the separator 210 due to gravity, and fall back to the bottom of the separator 210. Finally, the liquid flows out from the liquid outlet pipe 203 to the bottom of the tower body 100, and the gas is discharged from the gas outlet pipe 202 and enters the adsorption chamber 115.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "vertical," "upper," "lower," "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0041] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wet water vortex scrubbing tower with a side air intake method, characterized in that, include: The tower body (100), the circulating water tank (300) and the control box (700) are provided. The tower body (100) has an air inlet (102) on the side and an air outlet (103) on the top. The tower body (100) is provided with a gas-liquid contact chamber (120). In the gas-liquid contact chamber (120), there is an air inlet chamber (104) and at least two cyclone chambers (105) in the horizontal direction. The air inlet (102) is connected to the air inlet chamber (104), and the two cyclone chambers (105) are provided with gas-liquid mixing ports (111) on their sides. The cyclone chamber (105) is provided with a first baffle (106) directly opposite the gas-liquid mixing port (111). A second baffle (107) is fixedly connected to the surface of the first baffle (106). The first baffle (106), the second baffle (107), and the inner wall of the cyclone chamber (105) together form a first cyclone zone (108). A first air outlet (112) is provided between the second baffle (107) and the inner wall of the cyclone chamber (105). A third baffle (109) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cyclone chamber (105). The third baffle (109) is located above the first air outlet (112), and a second air outlet (114) is formed between the end of the third baffle (109) and the upper end of the first baffle (106). The third baffle (109), the first baffle (106), and the second baffle (107) together form a second cyclone zone (110). The gas-liquid mixture is fully mixed and in contact in the first cyclone zone (108) and the second cyclone zone (110). The top of the tower body (100) is provided with an adsorption chamber (115), and the exhaust port (103) is located on the top of the adsorption chamber (115). The adsorption chamber (115) is provided with an adsorption layer (116). A spray pipe (402) is installed below the gas-liquid mixing port (111), and a number of spray nozzles (403) are provided on the spray pipe (402). Gas and liquid are mixed through the gas-liquid mixing port (111) and then enter the cyclone chamber (105). The tower body (100) is also provided with a packing chamber (113) located on one side of the gas-liquid contact chamber (120). The packing chamber (113) is provided with a packing layer (123). The gas-liquid contact chamber (120) is provided with an exhaust port (121) on the side. The exhaust port (121) is connected to the packing chamber (113). A gas-liquid separation device (200) is connected between the packing chamber (113) and the adsorption chamber (115). The gas-liquid separation device (200) includes a separation tank (210), which has a gas-liquid inlet pipe (201) at the bottom, a gas outlet pipe (202) at the top, and a liquid outlet pipe (203) on the bottom side. The liquid outlet pipe (203) is fixedly connected to a drain pipe (211), which extends into the packing chamber (113). The separator (210) is equipped with a duct (204) that is sealed to the gas-liquid inlet pipe (201). Multiple baffles (206) are fixedly connected to the duct (204) along its height direction. The duct (204) is equipped with an air outlet (205) that is inclined upward and corresponds to the baffles (206). An inverted L-shaped baffle (207) is fixedly connected above the baffles (206). The gas and liquid are separated under the limiting of the baffles (206) and the baffles (207). A ventilation hole (208) is formed between the baffle plate (207) and the deflector plate (206), and an air inlet (209) is provided on the air duct (204). The air inlet (209) is located above the deflector plate (206). After the gas and liquid are separated, they re-enter the air duct (204) through the ventilation hole (208) and the air inlet (209). A filter screen (212) is installed at the air inlet (209).

2. A wet water vortex scrubbing tower with side air intake according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tower body (100) is provided with a water storage hopper (101) at the bottom, and a drain outlet (118) is provided at the bottom of the water storage hopper (101). Multiple water leakage holes (119) are provided between the bottom of the tower body (100) and the water storage hopper (101).

3. A wet water vortex scrubbing tower with side air intake according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gas-liquid mixing port (111) has a trumpet-shaped structure and extends into the cyclone chamber (105), and an inclined upward extension plate (117) is fixedly connected to the gas-liquid mixing port (111).

4. A wet water vortex scrubbing tower with side air intake according to claim 3, characterized in that, The circulating water tank (300) is connected to the drain outlet (118), and an electromagnetic flow valve (500) is installed on the drain outlet (118) to control the water level in the water storage tank (101), and a liquid level sensor (600) is installed inside the tower body (100).

5. A wet water vortex scrubbing tower with side air intake according to claim 4, characterized in that, The circulating water tank (300) is equipped with a filter layer inside, and a water pipe (401) is connected to the circulating water tank (300). The water pipe (401) is connected to the spray pipe (402), and a circulating water pump (400) is connected to the water pipe (401) to transport the water that has been filtered and left to stand in the circulating water tank (300) to the spray pipe (402).

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