Multi-axis laser precision machining device and method for complex curved surface based on three-dimensional scanning galvanometer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser precision machining, and discloses a multi-axis laser precision machining device and method for a complex curved surface based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer, the device comprises a base, a four-axis motion platform and a dust suction device are fixed to the upper end face of the base, and an optical supporting platform is fixed to the upper end face of the base; a laser emitting unit, a light beam regulation and control module and a three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer are fixed on the optical supporting platform, and a real-time monitoring unit is fixed on the lower side of the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer. According to the multi-axis laser precision machining device for the complex curved surface based on the three-dimensional scanning galvanometer, through a dynamic focusing control system of the three-dimensional galvanometer, the dimension and breadth limitation of traditional marking is broken through, distortion-free marking can be conducted on the complex 3D curved surface, real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment are conducted in cooperation with a CCD paraxial camera and a distance measuring instrument, and high precision and high efficiency of machining are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser precision machining, and in particular to a device and method for multi-axis laser precision machining of complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer. Background Art

[0002] Current laser precision processing devices, due to their high precision and non-contact processing characteristics, play an increasingly important role in industrial manufacturing, integrated circuits, aerospace, automobile manufacturing, and medical equipment. Especially in the field of precision processing, laser processing technology provides an effective solution. This technology can process complex shapes and materials that are difficult to achieve with traditional mechanical processing, but it also faces challenges in processing accuracy and efficiency.

[0003] At present, due to the particularity of the application site, the functional structures of some materials are often large rotational surfaces or irregular planes, such as spheres, cones, slopes, steps, etc. The overall size (centimeter level) is nearly a hundred times different from the functional structure size (micrometer level) to be processed. It is a typical cross-size manufacturing, which requires both high precision and high efficiency, and the processing and preparation process is relatively difficult.

[0004] The 3D scanning galvanometer system uses a dynamic focusing unit to adjust the laser focus position in real time during the processing process, ensuring that the laser beam is always focused on the 3D surface, thereby achieving efficient processing of complex surfaces. The galvanometer of traditional laser processing systems will have problems such as limited marking range, incomplete and deformed edges, and coarse edge spots under complex surface conditions. Therefore, a method that can improve the accuracy and adaptability of laser processing, especially in complex surface processing, has become a key point in technological development. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-axis laser precision processing device for complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer. The device can realize high-precision laser precision processing of complex curved surfaces. By adopting a high-precision three-dimensional scanning galvanometer, it ensures high-precision and precision processing without graphic deformation and drop when processing ultra-large-scale complex curved surface materials with a maximum size of 600*600*400mm.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a multi-axis laser precision processing device for complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer, comprising a base, wherein a four-axis motion platform and a dust suction device are fixed to the upper end surfaces of the base, an optical support platform is fixed to the upper end surface of the base, a laser emitting unit, a beam control module and a three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer are fixed to the front side of the optical support platform, and a real-time monitoring unit is fixed to the lower side of the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer.

[0007] Preferably, the beam control module consists of a first laser reflecting mirror, a second laser reflecting mirror and an electric beam expander.

[0008] Preferably, the real-time monitoring unit is composed of a CCD rangefinder camera and a rangefinder.

[0009] A method for multi-axis laser precision machining of complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer comprises the following steps:

[0010] S1. Accurately place the workpiece on the workbench and ensure it is fixed and stable. Start the device and activate the entire complex surface multi-axis laser precision machining system. The laser emission unit generates a high-energy laser beam. The laser beam first passes through the beam control module to adjust the incident angle of the laser beam and dynamically adjust the magnification according to the processing requirements to ensure the stability and uniformity of the beam.

[0011] S2. The adjusted laser beam is dynamically focused on the workpiece surface by the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer, and high-precision laser processing of complex curved surfaces begins;

[0012] S3. During the machining process, the real-time monitoring unit monitors the machining status in real time, including the position of the laser focus and the machining quality of the workpiece. When it detects that the laser focus is misaligned with the workpiece surface, the adaptive adjustment control system automatically adjusts the laser parameters of the laser emitting unit according to the feedback signal, controls the laser incident angle and orientation, and the Z-axis position of the laser focus. In combination with the four-axis motion platform, the workpiece posture is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the laser beam always strikes each part of the curved surface at the optimal angle.

[0013] S4, equipped with a dust collection device, is used to reduce the thermal effect on the workpiece surface during processing, and can effectively remove slag and smoke in the processing area, improving processing efficiency and quality. The pressure and flow of the dust collection device can be adjusted according to processing requirements;

[0014] S5. Once the processing task is completed, the entire complex surface multi-axis laser precision processing system stops working, which includes shutting down the laser emission unit, stopping the operation of the first laser reflector, the second laser reflector, the electric beam expander and the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer, and shutting down the monitoring system. The processed workpiece is then inspected and subsequently processed.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. This multi-axis laser precision machining device for complex curved surfaces based on a 3D scanning galvanometer breaks through the dimensional and format limitations of traditional marking through the dynamic focusing control system of the 3D galvanometer. It can perform distortion-free marking on complex 3D curved surfaces. It cooperates with a CCD rangefinder camera and rangefinder for real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment to ensure high precision and high efficiency in machining.

[0017] 2. This multi-axis laser precision processing device for complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer has a compact design and is easy to operate. It is suitable for laser processing scenarios of various complex curved surfaces, especially in the high-precision processing needs of aerospace, integrated circuits, automobile manufacturing, medical equipment and other fields. Through the present invention, high-precision and high-efficiency laser processing of complex curved surfaces can be achieved, which has important industrial application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention from the right side;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a front view schematic diagram of the appearance structure of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1. Base; 2. Four-axis motion platform; 3. Dust suction device; 4. Optical support platform; 5. Laser emission unit; 6. Beam control module; 601. First laser reflector; 602. Second laser reflector; 603. Electric beam expander; 7. Three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer; 8. Real-time monitoring unit; 801. CCD rangefinder camera; 802. Rangefinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 The present invention provides a technical solution: a multi-axis laser precision processing device for complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer, comprising a base 1, a four-axis motion platform 2 and a dust suction device 3 fixed on both sides of the upper end surface of the base 1, an optical support platform 4 fixed on the upper end surface of the base 1, a laser emitting unit 5, a beam control module 6 and a three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer 7 fixed on the optical support platform 4, a real-time monitoring unit 8 fixed on the lower side of the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer 7, the laser emitting unit 5 can generate a Gaussian energy distribution laser beam, and through the entire complex curved surface multi-axis laser precision processing device, it acts on the surface of a complex workpiece for precision processing, the laser can be a solid laser, a gas laser or a fiber laser, the pulse width can be femtoseconds, picoseconds and nanoseconds, the wavelength range can be infrared, green light and ultraviolet, and the appropriate laser type is selected according to the processing material and requirements.

[0024] The three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer 7 dynamically focuses and adjusts the laser focus position in real time during the processing. The three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer 7 can save the Z-axis adjustment component, accurately achieve uniform light spot within the entire three-dimensional processing format, and make the processing format variable in real time, saving a field mirror.

[0025] The four-axis motion platform 2 realizes coordinated motion with five degrees of freedom by combining with the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer 7, realizes multi-angle positioning of complex surface processing, optimizes the laser beam, improves processing consistency, and has the characteristics of high-speed response and synchronous motion control, which can significantly improve processing flexibility and precision.

[0026] In this embodiment, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the beam control module 6 is composed of a first laser reflector 601, a second laser reflector 602 and an electric beam expander 603. The first laser reflector 601, the second laser reflector 602 and the electric beam expander 603 constitute the beam control module 6, which is used to accurately adjust the laser propagation direction, optical path layout, beam diameter and divergence angle. The electric beam expander 603 can be dynamically adjusted according to processing requirements, and the magnification is variable.

[0027] In this embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the real-time monitoring unit 8 is composed of a CCD rangefinder camera 801 and a rangefinder 802. The real-time monitoring unit 8 can monitor the processing process and the distance between the laser focus and the processed surface in real time, as well as the status of the workpiece and the laser spot during laser processing. According to the feedback signal of the real-time monitoring system, the various parts of the laser rotary cutting and drilling system are automatically adjusted to adapt to the processing requirements of complex surfaces and maintain accurate alignment between the laser focus and the processed surface.

[0028] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for multi-axis laser precision machining of complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0029] S1. Accurately place the workpiece to be processed on the workbench and ensure that it is fixed and stable. Start the device and activate the entire complex curved surface multi-axis laser precision processing system. The laser emitting unit 5 generates a high-energy laser beam. The laser beam first passes through the beam control module 6, which is used to adjust the incident angle of the laser beam and dynamically adjust the magnification according to the processing requirements to ensure the stability and uniformity of the beam.

[0030] S2, the adjusted laser beam is dynamically focused on the workpiece surface by the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer 7, and high-precision complex curved surface laser processing begins;

[0031] S3. During the machining process, the real-time monitoring unit 8 monitors the machining status in real time, including the position of the laser focus and the machining quality of the workpiece. When it detects that the laser focus is misaligned with the workpiece surface, the adaptive adjustment control system automatically adjusts the laser parameters of the laser emitting unit 5 according to the feedback signal, controls the laser incident angle and orientation, and the laser focus position, and dynamically adjusts the workpiece posture so that the laser beam always strikes each part of the curved surface at the optimal angle.

[0032] S4. Use a dust suction device 3 to reduce the thermal effect on the workpiece surface during machining, and effectively remove slag and smoke from the machining area, thereby improving machining efficiency and quality. The pressure and flow rate of the dust suction device 3 can be adjusted according to machining requirements.

[0033] S5. Once the processing task is completed, the entire complex surface multi-axis laser precision processing system stops working, which includes shutting down the laser emitting unit 5, stopping the operation of the first laser reflection mirror 601, the second laser reflection mirror 602, the electric beam expander 603 and the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer 7, and shutting down the monitoring system. The processed workpiece is then inspected and subsequently processed.

[0034] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-axis laser precision machining device for complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: A four-axis motion platform (2) and a dust collecting device (3) are fixed to both sides of the upper end surface of the base (1), an optical support platform (4) is fixed to the upper end surface of the base (1), a laser emitting unit (5), a beam control module (6) and a three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer (7) are fixed on the upper surface of the optical support platform (4), and a real-time monitoring unit (8) is fixed on the lower side of the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer (7).

2. The device for multi-axis laser precision machining of complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light beam control module (6) is composed of a first laser reflecting mirror (601), a second laser reflecting mirror (602) and a motorized beam expander (603).

3. The device for multi-axis laser precision machining of complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The real-time monitoring unit (8) is composed of a CCD rangefinder camera (801) and a rangefinder (802).

4. A method for multi-axis laser precision machining of complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer, applied to a multi-axis laser precision machining device for complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. The workpiece to be processed is accurately placed on the workbench and ensured to be fixed and stable. The device is started to activate the entire complex curved surface multi-axis laser precision processing system. The laser emission unit (5) generates a high-energy laser beam. The laser beam first passes through the beam control module (6) to adjust the incident angle of the laser beam and dynamically fine-tune the magnification according to the processing requirements to ensure the stability and uniformity of the beam. S2, the adjusted laser beam is dynamically focused on the workpiece surface by the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer (7), which can achieve precise control of the focus in the Z-axis direction, and start high-precision complex curved surface laser processing; S3. During the processing, the real-time monitoring unit (8) monitors the processing status in real time, including the position of the laser focus and the processing quality of the workpiece. When it is detected that the laser focus is misaligned with the workpiece surface, the adaptive adjustment control system automatically adjusts the laser parameters of the laser emitting unit (5) according to the feedback signal, controls the laser incident angle and orientation and the laser focus position, and the four-axis motion platform (2) dynamically adjusts the workpiece posture so that the laser beam always enters each part of the curved surface at the optimal angle. S4, with a dust suction device (3), is used to reduce the thermal effect on the workpiece surface during the processing, and can effectively remove slag and smoke in the processing area, thereby improving processing efficiency and quality. The pressure and flow rate of the dust suction device (3) can be adjusted according to processing requirements; S5. Once the processing task is completed, the entire complex curved surface multi-axis laser precision processing system stops working, which includes shutting down the laser emitting unit (5), stopping the first laser reflector (601), the second laser reflector (602), the electric beam expander (603) and the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer (7), and shutting down the monitoring system. The processed workpiece is then inspected and subsequently processed.

Images