A device and method for detecting a piston base diameter

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of detection equipment and method based on piston basic diameter, it is related to piston detection technical field, including mounting seat, U-shaped frame installed in one side of mounting seat, the side away from U-shaped frame of positioning seat is provided with ranging calibration piece.The application is measured by setting ranging calibration piece, the distance between first calibration plate and one end of infrared ranging sensor is measured when starting infrared ranging sensor, when first servo motor drives transmission shaft to rotate 90 degrees, first calibration plate moves to the inside of first storage compartment, so that the infrared light emitted by infrared ranging sensor will be irradiated on the side of second calibration plate, when the change amount of value on infrared ranging sensor is equal to the distance between first calibration plate and second calibration plate, it is indicated that infrared ranging sensor is in normal operation state, so the measurement data of infrared ranging sensor can be calibrated, and the accuracy of infrared ranging sensor detection data is further improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of piston detection, and particularly relates to a detection device and method based on a basic diameter of a piston. BACKGROUND

[0002] The infrared distance sensor is a sensing device, is an infrared line medium measurement system, is mainly applied to the modern science and technology and industrial and agricultural fields, and has a pair of infrared signal emitting and receiving diodes, namely, an emitter lens of an IRLED emitting a light beam and a positioning sensitive photoelectric detector. The working principle is that infrared light emitted by the sensor forms a reflection process after irradiating an object, the reflection is received by the sensor, and the distance between the object and the sensor is calculated after signal processing.

[0003] The piston is a reciprocating machine in the cylinder block of an automobile engine. The basic structure of the piston can be divided into a top part, a head part and a skirt part. The piston top part is the main part of the combustion chamber, and its shape is related to the selected combustion chamber form. The gasoline engine usually adopts a flat-top piston, and the advantage is that the heat absorption area is small. The piston top part of the diesel engine often has various pits, and the specific shape, position and size must be adapted to the requirements of the formation and combustion of the diesel engine mixture. When the piston is detected, the skirt diameter needs to be detected. Since the skirt part of some pistons is an elliptical structure, the detection end of the infrared sensor needs to be moved to the lower edge of the piston skirt during detection, and the piston pin needs to be offset by 90 degrees. At this time, the operation is complicated during the detection of the piston, and the infrared distance sensor cannot be accurately and quickly calibrated, so that the accuracy of the infrared distance sensor cannot be judged before detection, which affects the accuracy of the piston detection. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims at solving the problem that the infrared distance sensor cannot be accurately and quickly calibrated, and provides a detection device and method based on a basic diameter of a piston.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a detection device based on a basic diameter of a piston, comprising a mounting seat, a U-shaped frame mounted on one side of the mounting seat, positioning seats mounted on both sides of the U-shaped frame, a light transmission hole formed in the inner side of the positioning seat, a distance measuring calibration piece arranged on the side of the positioning seat away from the U-shaped frame, an infrared distance sensor connected to the positioning seat through the distance measuring calibration piece, an extension rod arranged in the inner side of the U-shaped frame, a locking shaft mounted on one end of the extension rod, a positioning clamping piece arranged in the inner side of the locking shaft, a piston sleeved on the locking shaft, and a controller main body arranged on one side of the mounting seat.

[0006] As a further further scheme of the present application: the distance between the first calibration plate and the second calibration plate is ten centimeters.

[0007] As a further further scheme of the present application: the center of the first calibration plate, the center of the second calibration plate and the center of the calibration connecting pipe are coaxial, and the center of the calibration connecting pipe and the center of the light transmission hole are coaxial.

[0008] As a further further scheme of the present application: the diameter of the second guide wheel is equal to the width of the second guide slot, and the diameter of the first guide wheel is equal to the width of the first guide slot.

[0009] As a further further scheme of the present application: the distance between the first calibration plate and the second calibration plate is ten centimeters.

[0010] As a further further scheme of the present application: the thickness of the first calibration plate is less than the width of the inner wall of the first storage bin, and the top of the calibration connecting pipe is provided with a through groove with a width equal to the width of the inner wall of the first storage bin.

[0011] The top of the lifting gear is connected with the base through the upper end of the lower end of the gear train, and the lower end of the gear train is connected with the upper end of the gear train to the upper end of the gear train.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the inner side of the clamping ring is provided with a through hole with a diameter larger than the diameter of the outer wall of the locking shaft, and a sliding groove with a width equal to that of the arc support plate. The through hole and sliding groove on the clamping ring are used to prevent the arc support plate from being obstructed by the clamping ring during movement.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: a threaded hole matching the bidirectional threaded rod is provided on the top of the threaded slider, and a sliding groove matching the threaded slider is provided on the inner side of the positioning frame.

[0014] The present invention also discloses a detection method based on the basic diameter of a piston, which uses the above-mentioned detection device based on the basic diameter of a piston, and includes the following steps:

[0015] S1: When testing the piston, first put the piston on the locking shaft. At this time, the piston will flip under the action of its own gravity, so that the skirt of the piston faces upward and the top of the piston faces downward;

[0016] S2: Activate the positioning clamp to make the center of the pin hole on the piston coaxial with the center of the locking shaft through the operation of the positioning clamp. At the same time, the positioning clamp is operated to move the piston to one end of the light-transmitting hole, so that the light-transmitting hole and the skirt of the piston are aligned.

[0017] S3: The infrared distance sensor is activated through the controller body. At this time, the infrared light emitted by the infrared distance sensor will be blocked by the distance calibration component. At this time, the distance calibration component is activated to change the distance reading on the infrared distance sensor. If the data change value on the infrared distance sensor is the set value, it means that the infrared distance sensor is in normal operation. Thereafter, the infrared light emitted by the infrared distance sensor is unblocked by the operation of the distance calibration component. At this time, the infrared light emitted by the infrared distance sensor will illuminate the edge of the skirt of the piston;

[0018] S4: At the same time, since the distance between the infrared ranging sensor and the center of the locking shaft is fixed, at this time, it is only necessary to subtract the fixed value of the infrared ranging sensor from the center of the locking shaft from the value displayed on the infrared ranging sensor to obtain the piston skirt radius.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. By setting the distance calibration component, the infrared distance sensor is started to measure the distance between the first calibration plate and one end of the infrared distance sensor. When the first servo motor drives the transmission shaft to rotate ninety degrees, the first calibration plate moves to the inner side of the first storage bin, so that the infrared light emitted by the infrared distance sensor will illuminate one side of the second calibration plate. When the change in the value on the infrared distance sensor is equal to the distance between the first calibration plate and the second calibration plate, it indicates that the infrared distance sensor is in normal operation and that the data detected by the infrared distance sensor is accurate. When the first servo motor drives the transmission shaft to rotate ninety degrees again, the fan-shaped guide wheel will pull the first traction rod through the first guide groove and the first guide wheel, so that the second calibration plate loses the effect of blocking the infrared light emitted by the infrared distance sensor. In this way, the measurement data of the infrared distance sensor can be calibrated, further improving the accuracy of the detection data of the infrared distance sensor.

[0021] 2. By setting a positioning clamp, start the second servo motor, and rotate the bidirectional threaded rod through the operation of the second servo motor, the threaded slider will move along the bidirectional threaded rod, so that the clamping ring at the bottom of the threaded slider clamps and limits the two sides of the piston, and then start the telescopic cylinder, and extend the telescopic cylinder to make the push plate push the pressure oblique rod to move, so that one end of the pressure oblique rod drives the lifting rod to move, so that the arc support plate moves in the direction away from the center of the locking shaft, so that the arc support plate can fit the inner wall of the pin hole on the piston, so that the center of the pin hole of the piston is coaxial with the center of the locking shaft, so that the position of the piston can be corrected and limited, so that the two sides of the skirt of the piston are aligned with the light-transmitting hole. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1The schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the connection between the U-shaped frame and the infrared distance measuring sensor of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the connection between the locking shaft and the clamping snap ring of the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the internal structure of the locking shaft of the present application;

[0027] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the connection between the transmission shaft and the calibration connecting pipe of the present application;

[0028] Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the internal structure of the calibration connecting pipe of the present application;

[0029] Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the connection between the cam and the sector guide wheel of the present application.

[0030] In the figure: 1, mounting seat; 2, U-shaped frame; 3, L-shaped support frame; 4, extension rod; 5, infrared distance measuring sensor; 6, piston; 7, locking shaft; 8, positioning seat; 9, first servo motor; 10, second servo motor; 11, transmission shaft; 12, controller main body; 13, calibration connecting pipe; 14, first calibration plate; 15, guide frame; 16, light transmission hole; 17, positioning frame; 18, bidirectional threaded rod; 19, clamping snap ring; 20, threaded sliding block; 21, through slot; 22, limiting frame; 23, arc-shaped support plate; 24, jacking rod; 25, pressure position inclined rod; 26, push position plate; 27, telescopic cylinder; 28, first storage bin; 29, second storage bin; 30, first traction rod; 31, second traction rod; 32, cam; 33, sector guide wheel; 34, first guide groove; 35, second guide groove; 36, first guide wheel; 37, second guide wheel; 38, second calibration plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0032] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting", "arrangement" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be connected inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances. The embodiments will be described below according to the overall structure of the present application.

[0033] Embodiment 1

[0034] Please refer to Figures 1-8 In the embodiments of the present application, a detection device based on the basic diameter of the piston includes a mounting seat 1, a U-shaped frame 2 mounted on one side of the mounting seat 1, positioning seats 8 mounted on both sides of the U-shaped frame 2, light transmission holes 16 formed in the inner side of the positioning seats 8, distance measuring calibration members arranged on the side of the positioning seats 8 away from the U-shaped frame 2, infrared distance measuring sensors 5 connected to the positioning seats 8 through the distance measuring calibration members, extension rods 4 arranged on the inner side of the U-shaped frame 2, lock shafts 7 mounted on one end of the extension rods 4, positioning clamping members arranged on the inner side of the lock shafts 7, pistons 6 sleeved on the lock shafts 7, and controller bodies 12 arranged on one side of the mounting seat 1.

[0035] In this embodiment: when the piston 6 is detected, the piston 6 is first sleeved on the locking shaft 7, at this time the piston 6 will be turned over under the action of its own gravity, so as to make the skirt of the piston 6 upward, and at the same time make the top of the piston 6 downward, then start the positioning clamping piece, through the operation of the positioning clamping piece, the center of the pin hole on the piston 6 is coaxial with the center of the locking shaft 7, and at the same time through the operation of the positioning clamping piece, the piston 6 is moved to one end of the light transmission hole 16, so that the light transmission hole 16 is aligned with the skirt of the piston 6, then the controller main body 12 starts the infrared distance measuring sensor 5, at this time the infrared ray emitted by the infrared distance measuring sensor 5 is blocked by the distance measuring calibration piece, at this time the distance measuring calibration piece is started to change the distance measuring reading on the infrared distance measuring sensor 5, if the data change value on the infrared distance measuring sensor 5 is the set value, at this time it indicates that the infrared distance measuring sensor 5 is in normal operation state, then through the operation of the distance measuring calibration piece, the infrared ray light emitted by the infrared distance measuring sensor 5 loses the block, at this time the infrared ray light emitted by the infrared distance measuring sensor 5 will irradiate on the skirt edge of the piston 6, at the same time since the distance between the infrared distance measuring sensor 5 and the center of the locking shaft 7 is fixed, at this time only need to subtract the value displayed on the infrared distance measuring sensor 5 from the fixed value of the distance between the infrared distance measuring sensor 5 and the center of the locking shaft 7, which is the radius of the skirt of the piston 6.

[0036] Embodiment 2

[0037] Please pay special attention to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8The ranging calibration piece comprises an L-shaped support frame 3 installed on one side of the mounting seat 1, a top of the L-shaped support frame 3 is installed on a first servo motor 9 above the infrared ranging sensor 5, an output end of the first servo motor 9 is connected with a transmission shaft 11, a positioning seat 8 away from one side of the U-shaped frame 2 is installed on a calibration connecting pipe 13 connected with the infrared ranging sensor 5, a top of the calibration connecting pipe 13 is installed on a first storage bin 28, a top of the calibration connecting pipe 13 is provided with a second storage bin 29 located on a side of the first storage bin 28 away from the infrared ranging sensor 5, a top of the first storage bin 28 is provided with a second traction rod 31 extending to an inside of the calibration connecting pipe 13, a bottom of the second traction rod 31 is provided with a first calibration plate 14 located in the inside of the calibration connecting pipe 13, a top of the second storage bin 29 is provided with a first traction rod 30 penetrating through the second storage bin 29, a bottom of the first traction rod 30 is provided with a second calibration plate 38 flush with the first calibration plate 14, an outside of the transmission shaft 11 is provided with a cam 32 located above the second traction rod 31, both sides of the cam 32 are provided with second guide grooves 35, a top of the second traction rod 31 is provided with second guide wheels 37 in sliding connection with the second guide grooves 35, an outside of the transmission shaft 11 is provided with a sector-shaped guide wheel 33 located above the first traction rod 30, both sides of the sector-shaped guide wheel 33 are provided with first guide grooves 34, a top of the first traction rod 30 is provided with first guide wheels 36 in sliding connection with the first guide grooves 34.

[0038] The center of the first calibration plate 14, the center of the second calibration plate 38 and the center of the calibration connecting pipe 13 are coaxial, the center of the calibration connecting pipe 13 and the center of the light transmission hole 16 are coaxial, the diameter of the second guide wheel 37 is equal to the width of the second guide groove 35, the diameter of the first guide wheel 36 is equal to the width of the first guide groove 34, the distance between the first calibration plate 14 and the second calibration plate 38 is ten centimeters, the thickness of the first calibration plate 14 is less than the width of the inner wall of the first storage bin 28, and the top of the calibration connecting pipe 13 is provided with a through groove with a width equal to the width of the inner wall of the first storage bin 28.

[0039] In this embodiment: start the infrared ranging sensor 5, through the infrared ranging sensor 5 emits infrared light irradiation in the first calibration plate 14 to measure the distance between the first calibration plate 14 and the end of the infrared ranging sensor 5, after starting the first servo motor 9, through the first servo motor 9 driven transmission shaft 11 slowly rotate one hundred and eighty degrees to make the first calibration plate 14 and the second calibration plate 38 lose the blocking of the infrared ranging sensor 5 light beam, when the first servo motor 9 driven transmission shaft 11 rotates ninety degrees, the convex position of the cam 32 will be turned to the horizontal state, at this time the cam 32 through the second guide groove 35, the second guide wheel 37 to the second traction rod 31 to be pulled up, so as to make the first calibration plate 14 moves to the inside of the first storage bin 28, in the process, the first guide wheel 36 from the edge of the sector guide wheel 33 side to the other side, at this time the second calibration plate 38 horizontal height does not change, so that the infrared light emitted by the infrared ranging sensor 5 will be irradiated on the side of the second calibration plate 38, at this time the value on the infrared ranging sensor 5 will change, then the changed value and the distance between the first calibration plate 14 to the second calibration plate 38 are compared, when the change of the value on the infrared ranging sensor 5 and the distance between the first calibration plate 14 to the second calibration plate 38 is equal, it shows that the infrared ranging sensor 5 is in normal operation state, at the same time shows that the data detected by the infrared ranging sensor 5 is accurate, when the first servo motor 9 driven transmission shaft 11 rotates again ninety degrees, the sector guide wheel 33 will be pulled through the first guide groove 34, the first guide wheel 36 to the first traction rod 30, so as to make the second calibration plate 38 lose the effect of blocking the infrared light emitted by the infrared ranging sensor 5, so as to calibrate the measurement data of the infrared ranging sensor 5, further improve the accuracy of the data detected by the infrared ranging sensor 5.

[0040] Embodiment 3

[0041] Please pay attention to Figures 1-5The positioning clamping piece comprises a positioning frame 17 mounted on the top of the U-shaped frame 2, guide frames 15 connected with the transmission shaft 11 are arranged on both sides of the positioning frame 17, the central section of the transmission shaft 11 is supported through the guide frames 15, a second servo motor 10 is mounted on the top of the positioning frame 17, a bidirectional threaded rod 18 located above the positioning frame 17 is connected with the output end of the second servo motor 10, two threaded sliding blocks 20 are sleeved on the bidirectional threaded rod 18, the two threaded sliding blocks 20 are symmetrically arranged along the vertical central axis of the bidirectional threaded rod 18, a clamping clamping ring 19 is arranged on the bottom of the threaded sliding block 20, a through groove 21 is formed in the outer wall of the locking shaft 7, a limiting frame 22 is mounted on the inner wall of the locking shaft 7, a jacking rod 24 is inserted into the limiting frame 22, an arc-shaped supporting plate 23 located inside the through groove 21 is mounted on the top of the jacking rod 24, a pressure position inclined rod 25 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the jacking rod 24 through a rotating shaft, one end of the pressure position inclined rod 25 is rotatably connected to a pushing plate 26 through a rotating shaft, and a telescopic air cylinder 27 is mounted on the inner side of the locking shaft 7, and the output end of the telescopic air cylinder 27 is connected with the pushing plate 26.

[0042] The inner side of the clamping clamping ring 19 is provided with a through hole with a diameter larger than the diameter of the outer wall of the locking shaft 7 and a sliding groove with a width equal to that of the arc-shaped supporting plate 23, the through hole and the sliding groove on the clamping clamping ring 19 prevent the arc-shaped supporting plate 23 from being hindered during movement, the top of the threaded sliding block 20 is provided with a threaded hole matched with the bidirectional threaded rod 18, and the inner side of the positioning frame 17 is provided with a sliding groove matched with the threaded sliding block 20.

[0043] In this embodiment: the second servo motor 10 is started, the bidirectional threaded rod 18 is rotated through the operation of the second servo motor 10, at this time the threaded sliding block 20 moves along the bidirectional threaded rod 18, so that the clamping clamping ring 19 at the bottom of the threaded sliding block 20 clamps and limits the two sides of the piston 6, then the telescopic air cylinder 27 is started, the pushing plate 26 pushes the pressure position inclined rod 25 to move through the extension of the telescopic air cylinder 27, so that one end of the pressure position inclined rod 25 drives the jacking rod 24 to move, so that the arc-shaped supporting plate 23 moves away from the center of the locking shaft 7, so that the arc-shaped supporting plate 23 is in close contact with the inner wall of the pin hole of the piston 6, so that the center of the pin hole of the piston 6 is coaxial with the center of the locking shaft 7, so that the position of the piston 6 can be corrected and limited, and the two sides of the skirt of the piston 6 are aligned with the light transmission hole 16.

[0044] The following is based on the above-mentioned detection equipment based on the basic diameter of the piston, and provides a detection based on the basic diameter of the piston, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0045] S1: when detecting the piston 6, the piston 6 is sleeved on the locking shaft 7, at this time the piston 6 is turned over under the action of its own gravity, so that the skirt of the piston 6 faces upwards, and the top of the piston 6 faces downwards;

[0046] S2: Start the second servo motor 10, and the rotation of the bidirectional threaded rod 18 is realized by the operation of the second servo motor 10, at this time, the threaded slider 20 moves along the bidirectional threaded rod 18, so that the clamping ring 19 at the bottom of the threaded slider 20 clamps and limits the two sides of the piston 6, then start the telescopic cylinder 27, and the telescopic cylinder 27 is stretched to make the push plate 26 push the pressing inclined rod 25 to move, so that one end of the pressing inclined rod 25 drives the lifting rod 24 to move, and the arc-shaped supporting plate 23 moves away from the center of the locking shaft 7, so that the arc-shaped supporting plate 23 is attached to the inner wall of the pin hole of the piston 6, so that the center of the pin hole of the piston 6 is coaxial with the center of the locking shaft 7, so that the position of the piston 6 is corrected and limited, and the two sides of the skirt of the piston 6 are aligned with the light transmission hole 16;

[0047] S3: Start the infrared distance sensor 5, and the distance between the first calibration plate 14 and one end of the infrared distance sensor 5 is measured by the infrared light emitted by the infrared distance sensor 5 irradiating on the first calibration plate 14, then start the first servo motor 9, and the first servo motor 9 drives the transmission shaft 11 to rotate slowly by one hundred and eighty degrees to make the first calibration plate 14 and the second calibration plate 38 lose the shielding of the light beam emitted by the infrared distance sensor 5, when the first servo motor 9 drives the transmission shaft 11 to rotate by ninety degrees, the convex part of the cam 32 will be in a horizontal state, at this time, the cam 32 pulls the second traction rod 31 upward through the second guide groove 35 and the second guide wheel 37, so that the first calibration plate 14 moves to the inside of the first storage bin 28, in this process, the first guide wheel 36 moves from one side of the edge of the sector-shaped guide wheel 33 to the other side, at this time, the second calibration plate 38 is at a constant height, so that the infrared light emitted by the infrared distance sensor 5 will irradiate on one side of the second calibration plate 38, at this time, the value on the infrared distance sensor 5 will change, then compare the changed value with the distance between the first calibration plate 14 and the second calibration plate 38, when the change amount of the value on the infrared distance sensor 5 is equal to the distance between the first calibration plate 14 and the second calibration plate 38, it means that the infrared distance sensor 5 is in normal operation state, and it also means that the data detected by the infrared distance sensor 5 is accurate, when the first servo motor 9 drives the transmission shaft 11 to rotate by ninety degrees again, the sector-shaped guide wheel 33 pulls the first traction rod 30 through the first guide groove 34 and the first guide wheel 36, so that the second calibration plate 38 loses the shielding effect of the infrared light emitted by the infrared distance sensor 5, so that the measurement data of the infrared distance sensor 5 can be calibrated, and the accuracy of the detection data of the infrared distance sensor 5 is further improved;

[0048] S4: Since the distance between the infrared distance sensor 5 and the center of the locking shaft 7 is fixed, the value of the piston 6 skirt radius can be obtained by subtracting the value displayed on the infrared distance sensor 5 from the fixed value of the infrared distance sensor 5.

[0049] The above merely provides the preferred embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, within the technical scope disclosed by the present application, can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and the inventive concept of the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A detection device based on the basic diameter of a piston, comprising a mounting seat (1), a U-shaped frame (2) mounted on one side of the mounting seat (1), characterized in that: Positioning seats (8) are installed on both sides of the U-shaped frame (2), and a light-transmitting hole (16) is opened on the inner side of the positioning seat (8). A distance calibration piece is provided on the side of the positioning seat (8) away from the U-shaped frame (2), and the positioning seat (8) is connected to an infrared distance sensor (5) through the distance calibration piece. An extension rod (4) is provided on the inner side of the U-shaped frame (2), and a locking shaft (7) is installed on one end of the extension rod (4). A positioning clamping piece is provided on the inner side of the locking shaft (7), and a piston (6) is sleeved on the locking shaft (7). A controller body (12) is provided on one side of the mounting seat (1); The distance calibration component comprises an L-shaped support frame (3) mounted on one side of the mounting seat (1), a first servo motor (9) located above the infrared distance sensor (5) is mounted on the top of the L-shaped support frame (3), an output end of the first servo motor (9) is connected to a transmission shaft (11), a calibration connecting pipe (13) connected to the infrared distance sensor (5) is mounted on the side of the positioning seat (8) away from the U-shaped frame (2), a first storage bin (28) is mounted on the top of the calibration connecting pipe (13), and a first storage bin (28) is provided on the top of the calibration connecting pipe (13) away from the infrared distance sensor (5) ) on one side, a second receiving bin (29) is provided on the top of the first receiving bin (28) with a second traction rod (31) extending to the inside of the calibration connecting tube (13), a first calibration plate (14) located inside the calibration connecting tube (13) is provided on the bottom of the second traction rod (31), a first traction rod (30) passing through the second receiving bin (29) is provided on the top of the second receiving bin (29), a second calibration plate (38) flush with the first calibration plate (14) is provided on the bottom of the first traction rod (30), and a cam (38) located above the second traction rod (31) is provided on the outside of the transmission shaft (11). 2), second guide grooves (35) are provided on both sides of the cam (32), a second guide wheel (37) is provided on the top of the second traction rod (31) and is slidably connected to the second guide groove (35), a fan-shaped guide wheel (33) is provided on the outside of the transmission shaft (11) and is located above the first traction rod (30), first guide grooves (34) are provided on both sides of the fan-shaped guide wheel (33), a first guide wheel (36) is provided on the top of the first traction rod (30) and is slidably connected to the first guide groove (34), when the first servo motor (9) drives the transmission shaft (11) to rotate ninety degrees, the cam (32) is rotated by 10 degrees. The raised portion will turn to a horizontal state, thereby moving the first calibration plate (14) to the inner side of the first storage bin (28). During this process, the first guide wheel (36) moves from one side of the edge of the fan-shaped guide wheel (33) to the other side. At this time, the horizontal height of the second calibration plate (38) remains unchanged. When the first servo motor (9) drives the transmission shaft (11) to rotate ninety degrees again, the fan-shaped guide wheel (33) will pull the first traction rod (30) through the first guide groove (34) and the first guide wheel (36), thereby causing the second calibration plate (38) to lose the effect of blocking the infrared light emitted by the infrared ranging sensor (5).

2. The detection device based on the basic diameter of the piston according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center of the first calibration plate (14), the center of the second calibration plate (38) and the center of the calibration connecting tube (13) are coaxial, and the center of the calibration connecting tube (13) is coaxial with the center of the light-transmitting hole (16).

3. The detection device based on the basic diameter of the piston according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameter of the second guide wheel (37) is equal to the width of the second guide groove (35), and the diameter of the first guide wheel (36) is equal to the width of the first guide groove (34).

4. The detection device based on the basic diameter of the piston according to claim 3, characterized in that: The distance between the first calibration plate (14) and the second calibration plate (38) is ten centimeters.

5. The detection device based on the basic diameter of the piston according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thickness of the first calibration plate (14) is smaller than the width of the inner wall of the first storage bin (28), and the top of the calibration connecting tube (13) is provided with a through groove having a width equal to the width of the inner wall of the first storage bin (28).

6. The detection device based on the basic diameter of the piston according to claim 5, characterized in that: The positioning clamping member includes a positioning frame (17) installed on the top of the U-shaped frame (2), and guide frames (15) connected to the transmission shaft (11) are provided on both sides of the positioning frame (17), and the central section of the transmission shaft (11) is supported by the guide frames (15). A second servo motor (10) is installed on the top of the positioning frame (17), and the output end of the second servo motor (10) is connected to a bidirectional threaded rod (18) located above the positioning frame (17). Two threaded sliders (20) are sleeved on the bidirectional threaded rod (18), and the two threaded sliders (20) are symmetrically arranged along the vertical center axis of the bidirectional threaded rod (18). A clamping ring (19) is provided at the bottom of the threaded slider (20), and the outer wall of the locking shaft (7) is provided with a A through slot (21), a limiting frame (22) is installed on the inner wall of the locking shaft (7), a lifting rod (24) is inserted on the limiting frame (22), and an arc-shaped support plate (23) located on the inner side of the through slot (21) is installed on the top of the lifting rod (24), the bottom of the lifting rod (24) is connected to a pressure inclined rod (25) through a rotating shaft, and one end of the pressure inclined rod (25) is connected to a push plate (26) through a rotating shaft, a telescopic cylinder (27) is installed on the inner side of the locking shaft (7), and the output end of the telescopic cylinder (27) is connected to the push plate (26), the top of the threaded slider (20) is provided with a threaded hole matching the bidirectional threaded rod (18), and the inner side of the positioning frame (17) is provided with a slide groove matching the threaded slider (20).

7. The detection device based on the basic diameter of the piston according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner side of the clamping ring (19) is provided with a through hole having a diameter greater than the outer wall diameter of the locking shaft (7), and a sliding groove having a width equal to that of the arc-shaped support plate (23). The through hole and the sliding groove on the clamping ring (19) prevent the arc-shaped support plate (23) from being obstructed by the clamping ring (19) during movement.

8. A detection method based on the basic diameter of the piston, characterized in that: The detection device based on the basic diameter of a piston according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises the following steps: S1: When testing the piston (6), the piston (6) is first sleeved on the locking shaft (7). At this time, the piston (6) will turn over under the action of its own weight, so that the skirt of the piston (6) faces upward and the top of the piston (6) faces downward; S2: activating the positioning clamping member, and making the center of the pin hole on the piston (6) coaxial with the center of the locking shaft (7) by the operation of the positioning clamping member, and at the same time moving the piston (6) to one end of the light-transmitting hole (16) by the operation of the positioning clamping member, so that the light-transmitting hole (16) and the skirt of the piston (6) are aligned; S3: The infrared distance sensor (5) is activated by the controller body (12). At this time, the infrared light emitted by the infrared distance sensor (5) is blocked by the distance calibration component. At this time, the distance reading on the infrared distance sensor (5) is changed by activating the distance calibration component. If the data change value on the infrared distance sensor (5) is the set value, it means that the infrared distance sensor (5) is in a normal operating state. Thereafter, the infrared light emitted by the infrared distance sensor (5) is unblocked by the operation of the distance calibration component. At this time, the infrared light emitted by the infrared distance sensor (5) is irradiated on the skirt edge of the piston (6); S4: At the same time, since the distance between the infrared distance sensor (5) and the center of the locking shaft (7) is fixed, at this time, it is only necessary to subtract the fixed value of the infrared distance sensor (5) from the center of the locking shaft (7) from the value displayed on the infrared distance sensor (5) to obtain the skirt radius of the piston (6).

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