Feed for improving mutton quality and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to a feed for improving mutton quality and a preparation method and application thereof. The feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 50-65 parts of concentrated feed; 35-50 parts of a coarse material; 1-8 parts of rose dregs; the concentrate is selected from one or more of corn, sorghum, wheat, fodder soybeans, peas, broad beans, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rape seed cakes and peanut oil cakes; the coarse material is selected from alfalfa, leymus chinensis, awn of wheat, elymus dahuricus, cotton leaves, crop straws and chaff shells; according to the total mass of the rose flower residues, the rose flower residues contain 15 to 18 weight percent of flavone, 12 to 16 weight percent of terpenes, 9 to 13 weight percent of alkaloid, 5 to 9 weight percent of sugar and alcohol and 5 to 9 weight percent of amino acid. The feed provided by the invention can improve the growth performance of fattening sheep, also can improve the tenderness of longissimus dorsi of mutton and the content of amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids in the mutton, and improves the sense organ and quality of the mutton.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to a feed for improving mutton quality, a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing socioeconomic status and shifting consumer attitudes, the demand for and quality of mutton is increasing, leading to a corresponding rise in its price. Sheep fed traditional grass-fed diets tend to produce meat with a strong mutton flavor. This mutton flavor is primarily caused by the high levels of saturated fatty acids and thiamine in the meat, the levels of which are affected by the type of feed and the bioactive substances it contains.

[0003] Fatty acids are a key factor influencing meat quality, and the composition and content of fatty acids in lamb are closely linked to dietary health. The main characteristic of fatty acids in lamb is their high firmness, primarily due to the fact that the fatty acids detected in lamb are primarily saturated fatty acids (SFA). This is because polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lamb's body are converted to saturated fatty acids by hydrogenation by rumen microorganisms. After absorption by the body, these saturated fatty acids are deposited in adipose tissue. However, current nutritional research suggests that high levels of saturated fatty acids are harmful to the human body. Long-term consumption of high levels of saturated fatty acids can lead to elevated blood cholesterol and an increased incidence of coronary heart disease. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) play a crucial role in the diet by regulating blood sugar, lipids, and cholesterol, and even providing anti-inflammatory benefits. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), primarily found in the muscle and adipose tissue of meat sheep, have numerous physiological benefits, including preventing diabetes, improving immune system function, increasing muscle mass, and reducing obesity, and regulating cholesterol metabolism.

[0004] A Chinese patent (application number: CN201210494333.5; publication date: February 27, 2013) discloses a method for producing rose-flavored cattle and sheep products. Rose essential oil is added to feed and then injected subcutaneously before slaughter, resulting in a rose-flavored product. This patent has been withdrawn and poses production risks, without a detailed, safe, and reliable feed formula.

[0005] Therefore, how to improve the edible quality and flavor of mutton by adding or changing the type or content of feed raw materials is the focus of research at the current stage. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed for improving the quality of mutton, and its preparation method and use. The feed described in this application solves the problem of poor quality and strong mutton smell of mutton after feeding traditional forage in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose and other related purposes, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0008] A first aspect of the present invention discloses a feed for improving the quality of mutton. The feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 50-65 parts of concentrate; 35-50 parts of coarse material; and 1-8 parts of rose dregs. The concentrate is selected from one or more of corn, sorghum, wheat, fodder beans, peas, broad beans, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed cake, and peanut oil cake. The coarse material is selected from alfalfa, leymus chinensis, wheat awn, Elymus dahliae, cotton leaves, crop straw, and husks. Based on the total mass of the rose dregs, the rose dregs contain 15-18 wt% of flavonoids, 12-16 wt% of terpenes, 9-13 wt% of alkaloids, 5-9 wt% of sugars and alcohols, and 5-9 wt% of amino acids.

[0009] The contents of flavonoids, terpenes, and alkaloids described in this application are obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography testing in accordance with DB64 / T 1139-2015; the contents of sugars and alcohols are obtained by the testing method in GB5009.279-2016; and the content of amino acids is determined by reference to the determination of amino acids in G5009.124-2016.

[0010] For example, the weight proportion of the concentrate in the feed may be 50 to 55.02 parts, 55.02 to 60 parts, or 60 to 65 parts.

[0011] For example, the weight proportion of the coarse material in the feed may be 35 to 40.55 parts, 40.55 to 45 parts, or 45 to 50 parts.

[0012] For example, the weight proportion of rose residue in the feed can be 1 to 2 parts, 2 to 4 parts, 4 to 6 parts, or 6 to 8 parts.

[0013] For example, the content of flavonoids in the rose residue can be 15-15.5 wt%, 15.5-16 wt%, 16-16.2 wt%, 16.2-17 wt%, 17-17.5 wt%, or 17.5-18 wt%.

[0014] For example, the content of terpenes in the rose residue can be 12-12.5wt%, 12.5-13wt%, 13-13.5wt%, 13.5-14wt%, 14-14.4wt%, 14.4-14.6wt%, 14.6-15wt%, 15-15.5wt%, or 15.5-16wt%.

[0015] For example, the content of alkaloids in the rose residue can be 9-9.5wt%, 9.5-10wt%, 10-10.5wt%, 10.5-11wt%, 11-11.4wt%, 11.4-11.6wt%, 11.6-12wt%, 12-12.5wt%, or 12.5-13wt%.

[0016] For example, the content of sugar and alcohol in the rose residue can be 5-5.5wt%, 5.5-6wt%, 6-6.5wt%, 6.5-7wt%, 7-7.6wt%, 7.6-7.7wt%, 7.7-8wt%, 8-8.5wt%, or 8.5-9wt%.

[0017] For example, the content of amino acids in the rose residue can be 5-5.5wt%, 5.5-6wt%, 6-6.5wt%, 6.5-7wt%, 7-7.4wt%, 7.4-7.5wt%, 7.5-8wt%, 8-8.5wt%, or 8.5-9wt%.

[0018] The raw materials of the feed of the present invention comprise the concentrate, the coarse material and the rose residue in a certain proportion, so that after feeding the above feed, the content of amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids in the longissimus dorsi muscle of mutton sheep is effectively improved without affecting the production performance, and the sensory quality of mutton is improved, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the quality of mutton.

[0019] The functions of the concentrate include providing energy and protein, promoting the growth of sheep, improving the taste of feed, and increasing the appetite of sheep; the functions of the coarse feed include providing fiber, promoting digestion, providing nutrition, and increasing satiety; and the functions of the rose dregs include increasing the content of amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids in mutton and improving the sensory quality of mutton.

[0020] Preferably, the concentrate consists of corn, wheat bran and cottonseed meal.

[0021] More preferably, the concentrate consists of 25 to 35 parts by weight of corn, 5 to 10 parts by weight of wheat bran and 15 to 20 parts by weight of cottonseed meal.

[0022] For example, the weight proportion of corn in the concentrate can be 25-28 parts, 28-30 parts, 30-32 parts, or 32-35 parts.

[0023] For example, the weight proportion of wheat bran in the concentrate can be 5-7 parts, 7-8.13 parts, 8.13-9 parts, or 9-10 parts.

[0024] For example, the weight proportion of cottonseed meal in the concentrate may be 15 to 16.89 parts, 16.89 to 17 parts, 17 to 19 parts, or 19 to 20 parts.

[0025] In a more specific embodiment, the moisture content of the corn is 10-12wt%, the moisture content of the wheat bran is 6-8wt%, the moisture content of the cottonseed meal is 8-10wt%, the protein content in the cottonseed meal is 35-37wt%, and the free gossypol content in the cottonseed meal is 200-260 mg / kg.

[0026] For example, the moisture content of the corn may be 10-10.5 wt%, 10.5-11.02 wt%, 11.02-11.5 wt%, or 11.5-12 wt%.

[0027] For example, the moisture content of the wheat bran may be 6-6.5 wt%, 6.5-7 wt%, 7-7.5 wt%, or 7.5-8 wt%.

[0028] For example, the moisture content of the cottonseed meal may be 8-8.5 wt%, 8.5-9.05 wt%, 9.05-9.5 wt%, or 9.5-10 wt%.

[0029] For example, the free gossypol content in the cottonseed meal can be 200-220 mg / kg, 220-230 mg / kg, 230-240 mg / kg, or 240-260 mg / kg.

[0030] Preferably, the coarse materials are cotton leaves, corn stalks and cotton stalks.

[0031] More preferably, the coarse material consists of 5 to 10 parts by weight of cotton leaves, 15 to 20 parts by weight of corn stalks and 15 to 20 parts by weight of cotton stalks.

[0032] For example, the weight proportion of cotton leaves in the coarse material can be 5 to 6.25 parts, 6.25 to 7 parts, 7 to 9 parts, or 9 to 10 parts.

[0033] For example, the weight proportion of corn stalks in the coarse material can be 15 to 17.15 parts, 17.15 to 18 parts, 18 to 19 parts, or 19 to 20 parts.

[0034] For example, the weight proportion of cotton straw in the coarse material can be 15 to 17.15 parts, 17.15 to 18 parts, 18 to 19 parts, or 19 to 20 parts.

[0035] In a more specific embodiment, the moisture content of the cotton leaves is 9-11 wt %, the moisture content of the corn stalks is 6-8 wt %, and the moisture content of the cotton stalks is 8-10 wt %.

[0036] For example, the moisture content of the cotton leaves may be 9-9.5 wt%, 9.5-10 wt%, 10-10.5 wt%, or 10.5-11 wt%.

[0037] For example, the moisture content of the corn stalks may be 6-6.5 wt%, 6.5-7 wt%, 7-7.6 wt%, or 7.6-8 wt%.

[0038] For example, the moisture content of the cotton straw may be 8-8.5 wt%, 8.5-9 wt%, 9-9.66 wt%, or 9.66-10 wt%.

[0039] Preferably, the water content of the concentrate is 6-10 wt %, such as 6-7 wt %, 7-8 wt %, 8-9 wt %, or 9-10 wt %.

[0040] Preferably, the crude protein content in the concentrate is 30-40 wt %. For example, the crude protein content in the concentrate may be 30-32 wt %, 32-34 wt %, 34-36 wt %, 36-38 wt %, or 38-40 wt %.

[0041] Preferably, the water content of the coarse material is 6-10 wt %, such as 6-7 wt %, 7-8 wt %, 8-9 wt %, or 9-10 wt %.

[0042] Preferably, the crude fiber content in the coarse material is 40-45 wt %. For example, the crude fiber content in the coarse material may be 40-41 wt %, 41-42 wt %, 42-43 wt %, 43-44 wt %, or 44-45 wt %.

[0043] Preferably, the rose residue is a by-product produced after extracting rose essential oil from rose flowers by distillation.

[0044] More preferably, the rose is Rosa damask.

[0045] The rose residue in this application can also be obtained through commercial purchase, as long as it meets the above-mentioned index requirements.

[0046] In another embodiment, the rose residue can also be the rose residue after the rose essential oil is extracted by distillation. For example, the specific steps include: placing the washed roses and water into a distillation device, so that the roses are completely immersed in water.

[0047] The distillation equipment includes a distillation pot, a condenser and a collecting container.

[0048] For example, a distillation pot is heated to boiling, then the heat is reduced to medium-low and continued to heat. The hot steam removes the essential oil components in the rose flowers, and then cools them into a liquid state through a condenser. The liquid in the condenser is separated into two layers, the upper layer being rose essential oil and the lower layer being floral water. The rose essential oil in the upper layer is poured into a collection container to obtain the essential oil. After removing water from the remaining residue in the distillation pot, the rose residue described in the present application is obtained.

[0049] Furthermore, in a more specific embodiment, the method further comprises the step of pressing the residue into blocks.

[0050] Preferably, the raw material components further include 0.1 to 2 parts by weight of additives. For example, the weight of the additives in the feed can be 0.1 to 0.63 parts, 0.63 to 1 part, 1 to 1.5 parts, or 1.5 to 2 parts.

[0051] More preferably, the additive includes one or more of stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium formate, calcium lactate, calcium citrate, and calcium gluconate. The additive ensures that the calcium to phosphorus ratio in the feed is between 1.2 and 1.8. If the ratio is lower than 1.2, sheep may develop urinary stones and / or cystitis after consumption, and the mutton may become sour.

[0052] Furthermore, the additive is composed of stone powder and calcium hydrogen phosphate. In a specific embodiment, the additive is composed of 0.01 to 1 parts by weight of stone powder and 0.1 to 1 parts by weight of calcium hydrogen phosphate.

[0053] For example, the weight proportion of the stone powder in the additive may be 0.01 to 0.13 parts, 0.13 to 0.3 parts, 0.3 to 0.5 parts, 0.5 to 0.7 parts, or 0.7 to 1 parts.

[0054] For example, the weight portion of calcium hydrogen phosphate in the additive can be 0.1 to 0.3 parts, 0.3 to 0.5 parts, 0.5 to 0.7 parts, or 0.7 to 1 parts.

[0055] Preferably, the raw material components further include 0.5 to 3 parts by weight of sodium salt.

[0056] For example, the weight portion of the sodium salt can be 0.5-1.04 parts, 1.04-1.5 parts, 1.5-2 parts, 2-2.5 parts, or 2.5-3 parts. The sodium salt is used to maintain the osmotic pressure in the sheep body and regulate the acid-base balance.

[0057] More preferably, the sodium salt comprises one or more of sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, disodium pyrophosphate, and sodium butyrate. Further, the sodium salt consists of sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate. In a specific embodiment, the sodium salt consists of 0.01 to 1 parts by weight of sodium chloride and 0.1 to 1 parts by weight of sodium hydrogen phosphate.

[0058] For example, the weight proportion of sodium chloride in the sodium salt may be 0.01 to 0.1 parts, 0.1 to 0.3 parts, 0.3 to 0.5 parts, 0.5 to 0.7 parts, or 0.7 to 1 parts.

[0059] For example, the weight portion of calcium hydrogen phosphate in the sodium salt can be 0.1 to 0.3 parts, 0.3 to 0.5 parts, or 0.7 to 1 parts.

[0060] Preferably, the raw material component is 1 to 5 parts by weight of a complex vitamin and mineral premix.

[0061] More preferably, in the complex vitamin-mineral premix, the vitamins include one or more of vitamin A, vitamin D3 and vitamin E.

[0062] More preferably, the minerals include one or more of selenium, iodine, copper, manganese, zinc and cobalt.

[0063] Furthermore, in the multivitamin-mineral premix, the vitamins are vitamin A, vitamin D3 and vitamin E; in the multivitamin-mineral premix, the minerals include selenium, iodine, copper, manganese, zinc and cobalt.

[0064] Furthermore, based on the mass of the multivitamin mineral premix, the content of vitamin A is greater than or equal to 15,000 IU / kg; the content of vitamin D3 is 33,000 to 80,000 IU / kg; and the content of vitamin E is greater than or equal to 8,000 IU / kg. In this application, the vitamin A content is tested using GB / T 17817-1999, the vitamin E content is tested using GB / T 17812-1999, and the vitamin D3 content is tested using GB / T 17818-1999.

[0065] For example, the content of vitamin A can be 15,000-100,000 IU / kg, 100,000-150,000 IU / kg, 150,000-200,000 IU / kg, 200,000-250,000 IU / kg, or 250,000-300,000 IU / kg.

[0066] For example, the content of vitamin D3 can be 33,000-50,000 IU / kg, 50,000-56,500 IU / kg, 56,500-65,000 IU / kg, 65,000-70,000 IU / kg, or 70,000-80,000 IU / kg.

[0067] For example, the content of vitamin E can be 8000-10000 IU / kg, 10000-15000 IU / kg, 15000-20000 IU / kg, 20000-25000 IU / kg, or 25000-30000 IU / kg.

[0068] Furthermore, based on the mass of the multivitamin mineral premix, the selenium content is 8-20 mg / kg; the iodine content is 15-100 mg / kg; the copper content is 80-500 mg / kg; the manganese content is 850-3000 mg / kg; the zinc content is 1100-3000 mg / kg; and the cobalt content is 8-24 mg / kg. In this application, the Cu, Mn, and Zn contents are tested according to GB / T 13885-2003, the Se content is tested according to GB / T 13883-2023, and the I content is tested according to GB / T 13882-2023.

[0069] For example, the selenium content can be 8-10 mg / kg, 10-12 mg / kg, 12-14 mg / kg, 14-16 mg / kg, or 16-20 mg / kg.

[0070] For example, the iodine content may be 15-45 mg / kg, 45-60 mg / kg, 60-80 mg / kg, or 80-100 mg / kg.

[0071] For example, the copper content may be 80-150 mg / kg, 150-290 mg / kg, 290-400 mg / kg, or 400-500 mg / kg.

[0072] For example, the manganese content may be 850-1500 mg / kg, 1500-1925 mg / kg, 1925-2500 mg / kg, or 2500-3000 mg / kg.

[0073] For example, the zinc content may be 1100-1500 mg / kg, 1500-2050 mg / kg, 2050-2500 mg / kg, or 2500-3000 mg / kg.

[0074] For example, the cobalt content may be 8-12 mg / kg, 12-16 mg / kg, 16-20 mg / kg, or 20-24 mg / kg.

[0075] In a specific embodiment, the multivitamin mineral premix has a vitamin A content of 150,000 IU / kg, a vitamin D3 content of 56,500 IU / kg, a vitamin E content of 8,000 IU / kg, a Se content of 14 mg / kg, an I content of 80 mg / kg, a Cu content of 290 mg / kg, a Mn content of 1,925 mg / kg, a Zn content of 2,050 mg / kg, and a Co content of 24 mg / kg.

[0076] The second aspect of the present invention discloses a method for preparing the feed as described above, comprising the following steps: mixing concentrate, coarse material, rose dregs, sodium salt, additives, and a composite vitamin and mineral premix according to a certain proportion.

[0077] Preferably, the mixing time is 30 to 100 minutes.

[0078] Preferably, the step of crushing the coarse material and rose dregs is further included before the mixing.

[0079] More preferably, the particle size of the coarse material after pulverization is 1 to 5 cm.

[0080] The third aspect of the present invention discloses a use of the feed as described above for improving the quality of mutton.

[0081] Preferably, the use includes one or more of the following features:

[0082] 1) Effectively improve the cooked meat rate and sensory indicators of mutton;

[0083] 2) Effectively reduce the content of saturated fatty acids in mutton;

[0084] 3) Increase the content of some beneficial unsaturated fatty acids in mutton;

[0085] 4) Increase the content of umami substances in mutton.

[0086] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a feeding method of the feed as described above, wherein the feed is fed twice a day, morning and evening, with an interval of 8 to 10 hours; the remaining amount of the feed is 5 to 15 wt% per day, and the feeding period is 48 to 70 days.

[0087] The remaining amount of feed per day is calculated based on the daily feeding amount of feed.

[0088] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0089] 1) The raw materials of the feed of the present invention are all common forage grasses, which are inexpensive and widely available;

[0090] 2) The feed of the present invention can improve the fattening intensity without negatively affecting the production performance of mutton sheep, improve the tenderness of the longissimus dorsi muscle of the mutton obtained by feeding, and can increase the content of amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, thereby improving the sensory quality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0091] The following describes the implementation of the present invention through specific embodiments. People skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0092] Before further describing the specific embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below. It should also be understood that the terminology used in the examples is intended to describe specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental procedures in the following examples, where specific conditions are not specified, were generally performed under conventional conditions or according to the conditions recommended by the respective manufacturers.

[0093] When the embodiments provide numerical ranges, it should be understood that, unless otherwise specified in the present invention, both endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints may be selected. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. In addition to the specific methods, equipment, and materials used in the embodiments, according to the understanding of the prior art by those skilled in the art and the description of the present invention, any methods, equipment, and materials of the prior art similar or equivalent to the methods, equipment, and materials described in the embodiments of the present invention may also be used to implement the present invention.

[0094] In the following embodiment, the preparation process of rose residue includes: placing cleaned Damascus roses and water in a weight ratio of 1:4 in a distillation pot; heating the distillation pot to boiling, then reducing the heat to medium-low, and continuing heating and distilling for 2.5-3 hours, with the distillation rate being 8-10% of the volume of the distillation pot; the distilled hot steam and essential oil enter a condenser and condense into liquid, the upper liquid in the condenser being rose essential oil, and the lower liquid being floral water; the upper layer of the rose essential oil is poured into a collection container to obtain the essential oil; and collecting the remaining residue in the distillation pot, drying to remove moisture, and pressing into blocks to obtain rose residue.

[0095] Example 1

[0096] This embodiment provides a feed, which includes the following raw material components in parts by weight, based on the total mass of the feed: 30 parts of corn, 8.13 parts of wheat bran, 16.89 parts of cottonseed meal, 17.15 parts of corn straw, 17.15 parts of cotton straw, 6.25 parts of cotton leaves, 2 parts of rose residue, 0.13 part of stone powder, 0.53 part of sodium chloride, 0.5 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.51 part of sodium bicarbonate, and 2.38 parts of a multivitamin and mineral premix. The rose residue contains 16.0-16.2 wt% of flavonoids, 14.4-14.6 wt% of terpenes, 11.4-11.6 wt% of alkaloids, 7.6-7.7 wt% of sugars and alcohols, and 7.4-7.5 wt% of amino acids. The water content of the corn is 11.02 wt%, the water content of the wheat bran is 7.5 wt%, the water content of the cottonseed meal is 9.05 wt%, the protein content of the cottonseed meal is 36.3 wt%, the free gossypol content is 230 mg / kg, and the water content of the cotton leaves is 10%. The moisture content of the corn stalks is 7.6%, and the moisture content of the cotton stalks is 9.66%. The multivitamin and mineral premix contains 150,000 IU / kg of vitamin A, 56,500 IU / kg of vitamin D3, 8,000 IU / kg of vitamin E, 14 mg / kg of Se, 80 mg / kg of I, 290 mg / kg of Cu, 1,925 mg / kg of Mn, 2,050 mg / kg of Zn, and 24 mg / kg of Co.

[0097] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the feed as described above, the method comprising the following steps:

[0098] 1) Corn stalks, cotton stalks and cotton leaves are crushed into particles of 2 to 3 cm in a crusher to obtain coarse materials.

[0099] 2) Pour the coarse material obtained in step 1) into a TMR mixer and mix at 12-16 r / min for 40 min to obtain a coarse material mixture.

[0100] 3) Add corn, wheat bran, cottonseed meal, rock powder, sodium chloride, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, and a multivitamin mineral premix into a TMR mixer and mix at 12-16 rpm for 40 min to obtain a concentrate mixture.

[0101] 4) Pour the coarse material mixture obtained in step 2) and the fine material mixture obtained in step 3) into a TMR mixer and stir for 40 to 60 minutes. After mixing evenly, put them into a feed pelletizer. Set the parameters of the feed pelletizer to a production capacity of 1000 to 1200 kg / h and a particle diameter of 6 to 8 mm to prepare feed.

[0102] The feed prepared in this example is recorded as 2 parts by weight of rose residue feed.

[0103] Example 2

[0104] The difference from Example 1 is that the feed of this example has 4 parts by weight of the rose residue in the raw materials, and the feed prepared in this example is recorded as 4 parts by weight of rose residue feed.

[0105] Example 3

[0106] The difference from Example 1 is that the feed of this example has 8 parts by weight of the rose residue in the raw materials, and the feed prepared in this example is recorded as 8 parts by weight of rose residue feed.

[0107] Comparative Example 1

[0108] The difference from Example 1 is that the raw materials of the feed in this comparative example do not contain rose residue, and the feed prepared in this comparative example is recorded as rose residue-free feed.

[0109] Application Example 1

[0110] This application example uses the feed prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 to feed fattening sheep, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0111] 1) Forty male Hu sheep weighing 29.58 ± 2.06 kg and aged 3 to 4 months were randomly divided into four groups of similar weight: the control group, the 2-weight group, the 4-weight group, and the 8-weight group, with 10 sheep in each group. The experimental period was 63 days. The pens and experimental sheep were disinfected and dewormed before the start of the experiment.

[0112] 2) The control group was fed the rose slag-free feed described in Comparative Example 1, the 2-weight portion group was fed 2 weight portions of the rose slag feed described in Example 1, the 4-weight portion group was fed 4 weight portions of the rose slag feed described in Example 2, and the 8-weight portion group was fed 8 weight portions of the rose slag feed described in Example 3; the above 4 groups were fed twice a day with an interval of 8 to 10 hours in the morning and evening, with free access to food and water during the feeding period, and the remaining feed amount was ensured to be between 5 and 15 wt%.

[0113] Table 1 shows the nutritional levels of each group of feed, where the crude protein content was determined with reference to GB / T 6432-2018, the crude fat content was determined with reference to GB / T 6433-2006, the calcium content was determined with reference to GB / T 13885-2017, the phosphorus content was determined with reference to GB / T 6437-2018, the neutral detergent fiber content was determined with reference to GB / T 20806-2022, and the acid detergent fiber content was determined with reference to NY / T 1459-2022.

[0114] As can be seen from Table 1, the nutritional levels of the feeds obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 are similar.

[0115] Table 1

[0116]

[0117]

[0118] During the feeding period, the amount of feed and leftover feed for each group of experimental sheep was recorded daily; the sheep in each group were weighed before morning feeding on the 7th, 35th, and 63rd days. Daily feed intake and daily weight gain were calculated according to the following formula:

[0119] Average daily feed intake (kg / d) = (feeding amount (kg) - residual feed amount (kg)) ÷ number of sheep in each group (heads) ÷ number of experimental days (d)

[0120] Average daily weight gain (g / d) = (initial weight (kg) - final weight (kg)) × 1000 ÷ number of test days (d)

[0121] Feed-to-weight ratio (F / G) = daily feed intake (g) ÷ daily weight gain (g)

[0122] The results of feed intake and daily weight gain of each group of sheep obtained through the above calculation and testing are shown in Table 2.

[0123] Table 2

[0124]

[0125] As shown in Table 2, there was no significant difference in daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed-to-weight ratio between the 2 weight parts, 4 weight parts and 8 weight parts groups fed with feed supplemented with rose pomace and the control group, indicating that the addition of rose pomace had no significant effect on the growth performance of sheep.

[0126] After the 63rd day of feeding, 5 sheep were randomly selected from each group for slaughter. The sheep were fasted for 12 hours and deprived of water for 2 hours before slaughter. After slaughter, the longissimus dorsi muscle was taken for sensory index, amino acid, fatty acid and flavor substance testing.

[0127] The eye muscle area was calculated and measured as follows: the cross section of the longissimus dorsi muscle between the twelfth and thirteenth ribs was taken, covered with sulfuric acid paper, and printed with a pencil. The eye muscle area (cm2) = eye muscle width (cm) × eye muscle height (cm) × 0.7;

[0128] The pH value is calculated and measured as follows: 45 minutes after slaughter, take about 10g of longissimus dorsi muscle tissue sample and measure its pH value with a pH meter;

[0129] The calculation and measurement method of the brightness, yellowness and redness of mutton is as follows: Under normal daylight conditions, take the longissimus dorsi muscle and use the TC-PⅡG automatic colorimeter to measure it;

[0130] The cooked meat rate is calculated as follows: take about 100g of psoas muscle sample and remove the outer membrane and fat surrounding the muscle. Use a precision balance to weigh the fresh meat to obtain the weight W1. Steam the sample in a steamer for 50 minutes, then take it out and let it stand for 30 minutes. The weight W2 is weighed. The cooked meat rate (%) = W2 / W1 × 100%;

[0131] The drip rate is calculated and measured as follows: take a 5 (length) × 3 (width) × 2 (height) cm longissimus dorsi muscle sample along the direction of the muscle fibers, remove the outer membrane and fat surrounding the muscle, and weigh the fresh meat on a precision balance to obtain a weight of W3. Then, place the sample in a drip loss funnel and store it at 2-4°C for 24 hours. Then, remove the sample and wipe the meat dry with filter paper. Then, weigh it again on a precision balance to obtain a weight of W4. Finally, take the average of the three measurement results. The drip rate (%) = (W3-W4) / W3×100%;

[0132] The water loss rate is calculated by cutting meat slices approximately 1 cm thick. Then, using a 5 cm diameter circular sampler, sample the meat three times. Weigh the meat sample to W5 using a precision balance. Place the sample on a compression device and apply 35 kg of pressure for 5 minutes. Then, quickly remove the pressure and weigh the sample to W6. Water loss (%) = (W5 - W6) / W5 × 100%.

[0133] The sensory index contents of the longissimus dorsi muscle of sheep in each group were calculated and measured using the above method and are shown in Table 3.

[0134] Table 3

[0135] control group 2 parts by weight 4 parts by weight 8 parts by weight Dripping rate / % 0.14±0.02 0.12±0.03 0.11±0.01 0.11±0.03 Water loss rate / % 0.12±0.02 0.10±0.03 0.11±0.03 0.07±0.02 Cooked meat rate / % 0.68±0.05 0.74±0.05 0.70±0.07 0.72±0.08 brightness 40.09±1.56 36.95±3.82 38.14±2.7 39.05±4.03 Redness 11.07±2.00 10.94±1.68 11.98±1.69 11.65±1.51 Yellowness 10.07±1.05 8.48±0.8 10.54±1.26 9.98±1.06 pH 5.97±0.2 6.01±0.36 6.05±0.05 6.04±0.29

[0136] As shown in Table 3, compared with the control group, the yellowness of the 2 weight portion group was significantly reduced, and the cooked meat rate of the 2 weight portion group, the 4 weight portion group, and the 8 weight portion group was improved, indicating that the feed of the present invention can improve the quality of mutton.

[0137] The fatty acid content in this application was determined with reference to the determination of fatty acids in GB 5009.168-2016. The fatty acid content in the sample solution of the longissimus dorsi muscle of each group of sheep was measured and shown in Table 4. The values ​​before "±" in the table are the means, and the values ​​after "±" are the standard deviations.

[0138] Table 4 (unit: mg / dL)

[0139]

[0140]

[0141] Fatty acids are a key factor influencing meat quality. The composition and content of fatty acids in lamb are closely linked to dietary health. Long-term consumption of high levels of saturated fatty acids can lead to elevated blood cholesterol and increase the incidence of coronary heart disease. Unsaturated fatty acids, on the other hand, play a crucial role in the diet by regulating blood sugar, blood lipids, and cholesterol, and even providing anti-inflammatory benefits.

[0142] As shown in Table 4, the unsaturated fatty acid content in the 2-weight portion group, the 4-weight portion group, and the 8-weight portion group was increased compared with the control group, while the saturated fatty acid content was decreased compared with the control group. Specifically, the trans-11-octadecenoic acid, trans-9,12-linoleic acid, cis-9,12-linoleic acid, and 7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid in the 4-weight portion group increased significantly, and the cis-15-nervonic acid in the 4-weight portion group and the 2-weight portion group increased significantly. It can be seen that the plastic described in the present application significantly increases the content of unsaturated fatty acids in mutton and improves the nutritional value of mutton.

[0143] The amino acid content was determined by referring to the determination of amino acids in G5009.124-2016. The amino acid content in the sample test solution of the longissimus dorsi muscle of each group of sheep is shown in Table 5. The values ​​before "±" in the table are the means, and the values ​​after "±" are the standard deviations.

[0144] Table 5 (ng / mL)

[0145]

[0146]

[0147] Protein is the main component of meat quality, and amino acids are the basic building blocks of protein. The higher the amino acid content and the richer the variety, the better the meat quality. Among amino acids, glutamic acid, serine, threonine, alanine, proline and glycine are the main umami substances in mutton.

[0148] As shown in Table 5, compared to the control group, the 2, 4, and 8 parts by weight groups showed increased umami content. Specifically, the 8 part group showed significantly increased β-alanine and histidine content, while the 4 part group showed significantly increased ornithine content. This indicates that the feed described herein effectively increases the umami amino acid content in mutton, improving its nutritional value and palatability.

[0149] The present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings of the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

[0150] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical principles disclosed herein are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for improving the quality of mutton, characterized in that: The feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 50-65 portions of concentrate; 35-50 parts of coarse material; 1-8 parts of rose dregs; The concentrate is selected from one or more of corn, sorghum, wheat, fodder beans, peas, broad beans, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed cake, and peanut oil cake; The coarse material is selected from alfalfa, chinensis, wheat awn, dapoxetine, cotton leaves, crop straw and husk; Based on the total mass of the rose dregs, the rose dregs contain 15-18 wt% of flavonoids, 12-16 wt% of terpenes, 9-13 wt% of alkaloids, 5-9 wt% of sugars and alcohols, and 5-9 wt% of amino acids.

2. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The water content of the concentrate is 6 to 10 wt%; and / or, the crude protein content in the concentrate is 30-40 wt%; and / or, the water content of the coarse material is 6 to 10 wt%; and / or, the crude fiber content in the coarse material is 40-45 wt%; And / or, the rose residue is a by-product produced after extracting rose essential oil from rose flowers by distillation; And / or, the raw material components further include 0.1 to 2 parts by weight of additives; And / or, the raw material components further include 0.5 to 3 parts by weight of sodium salt; And / or, the raw material components further include 1 to 5 parts by weight of a complex vitamin and mineral premix.

3. The feed according to claim 2, characterized in that In the multivitamin mineral premix, the vitamins include one or more of vitamin A, vitamin D3 and vitamin E; and / or, in the multivitamin-mineral premix, the minerals include one or more of selenium, iodine, copper, manganese, zinc and cobalt; and / or, the additives include one or more of stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium formate, calcium lactate, calcium citrate and calcium gluconate; And / or, the sodium salt includes one or more of sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, disodium pyrophosphate and sodium butyrate.

4. The feed according to claim 3, characterized in that In the compound vitamin and mineral premix, the vitamins are vitamin A, vitamin D3 and vitamin E; And / or, in the multivitamin-mineral premix, the minerals include selenium, iodine, copper, manganese, zinc and cobalt.

5. The feed according to claim 4, characterized in that Based on the mass of the multivitamin mineral premix, the content of vitamin A is greater than or equal to 15,000 IU / kg; and / or, based on the mass of the multivitamin mineral premix, the content of vitamin D3 is 33,000 to 80,000 IU / kg; and / or, based on the mass of the multivitamin mineral premix, the content of vitamin E is greater than or equal to 8000 IU / kg; and / or, based on the mass of the multivitamin mineral premix, the selenium content is 8 to 20 mg / kg; and / or, based on the mass of the multivitamin mineral premix, the iodine content is 15 to 100 mg / kg; and / or, based on the mass of the multivitamin mineral premix, the copper content is 80 to 500 mg / kg; and / or, based on the mass of the multivitamin mineral premix, the manganese content is 850 to 3000 mg / kg; and / or, based on the mass of the multivitamin-mineral premix, the zinc content is 1100 to 3000 mg / kg; And / or, based on the mass of the multivitamin mineral premix, the cobalt content is 8 to 24 mg / kg.

6. A method for preparing a feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw material components according to proportions.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that The mixing time is 30 to 100 minutes; and / or, the step of crushing the coarse material and rose residue is further included before the mixing.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that Crush to a length of 1 to 5 cm.

9. Use of the feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for improving the quality of mutton.

10. A feeding method using the feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The feed is fed twice a day, in the morning and evening, with an interval of 8 to 10 hours; the remaining amount of the feed is 5 to 15 wt % per day, and the feeding period is 56 to 70 days.

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