Method for controlling heat production of waste agaric fungus bag compost by using composite microbial agent in layers

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of microbial inoculants, and particularly relates to a method for controlling heat production of waste agaric fungus package composting by layering with composite microbial inoculants, wherein the pulverized waste agaric fungus package is mixed with chicken manure to obtain fermentation raw materials; the fermentation raw materials are layered and laid flat in a fermentation container; after each layer of the fermentation raw materials is laid flat, the moisture content is adjusted; the composite microbial inoculants are uniformly sprayed on the surface of each layer of the fermentation raw materials; the bottom first layer of the fermentation raw materials is inoculated with thermophilic spherical urea bacillus, thermophilic spherical urea bacillus and thermophilic cellulose clostridium; the bottom second layer of the fermentation raw materials is inoculated with actinomycetes and lactic acid bacteria; the bottom third layer of the fermentation raw materials is inoculated with bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus cereus; the fourth layer of the fermentation raw materials is inoculated with yeast; the oxygen content is controlled to be lower than 5-15%; during the high-temperature period, a heat exchange pipe embedded between two layers of the fermentation raw materials is connected to a heating system; and the method is suitable for efficient degradation and heat energy recovery of agaric fungus packages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microbial agents, specifically relating to a method for regulating the heat generation of waste wood ear fungus composting using a compound agent in a stratified manner. Background Technology

[0002] The edible fungi industry is developing rapidly, generating a large number of waste mushroom bags every year, such as those for black fungus. These bags contain lignin, cellulose, and residual mycelium. Traditional landfill and incineration methods easily cause environmental pollution and resource waste. Composting is widely used because it can achieve the recycling of organic matter, but the following technical bottlenecks still exist in its application to black fungus mushroom bags: First, the adaptability of material ratios is poor. Black fungus mushroom bags have a high lignin content (about 25%-30%). When straw or livestock manure is directly mixed into conventional composting, the C / N ratio is poorly adjusted (usually 30-40:1), and the selection of auxiliary materials is inappropriate (such as Ganoderma lucidum substrate, which requires a higher carbon source), which leads to the inhibition of microbial metabolism, slow heating of the compost pile, and low pile temperature (usually below 50℃). Second, the microbial agents have limited functions. Traditional composting microbial agents mostly focus on cellulose-decomposing bacteria (such as Trichoderma and white-rot fungi) or single thermophilic bacteria (such as Bacillus subtilis), lacking the synergistic function of complex microbial communities targeting lignin degradation and high-temperature stages (>60℃), resulting in incomplete decomposition of organic matter in the later stages of composting. Third, the process parameters are fragmented, failing to incorporate dynamic porosity control (such as compaction and oxygenation balance) and microbial agent stratification activation processes, making it difficult to adapt to the high-density, low-permeability material characteristics of Auricularia auricula-judae spawn bags. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a method for controlling the heat generation of waste mushroom spawn bags through layered regulation using compound microbial agents. By adjusting the mixing ratio of waste mushroom spawn bags with specific auxiliary materials, the synergistic effect of the compound microbial agents is optimized, and the structure of the compost pile and the spatial distribution of the compound microbial agents are precisely controlled to construct an efficient and stable aerobic fermentation system. This provides a new approach for the resource-based treatment of similar wastes, and is particularly suitable for the efficient degradation and heat recovery of mushroom spawn bags, providing technical support for the recycling of waste from the edible fungi industry.

[0004] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] A method for regulating the heat generation of waste wood ear mushroom spawn compost using a compound microbial agent in a stratified manner includes the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Mix the crushed waste wood ear fungus spawn with chicken manure to obtain fermentation raw materials, and adjust the C / N ratio of the fermentation raw materials to 25-30:1;

[0007] Step 2: Spread the fermentation materials in layers in the fermentation container, each layer being 20-35cm thick. After spreading each layer, adjust the moisture content according to the following order: bottom layer 40-45%, middle layer 50-55%, top layer 55-60%. Mechanically compact the material until the porosity is 35-40%, ensuring that it works in conjunction with the bottom ventilation system to maintain an oxygen content of 5-15%.

[0008] Step 3: Evenly sprinkle the compound microbial agent on the surface of each layer of fermentation raw materials. The bottom first layer of fermentation raw materials contains thermophilic spherical urealyticum, thermospherical urealyticum, and thermophilic clostridium, with a usage of 0.07-0.15×10⁻⁶ for each. 8 CFU / gram of fermentation feedstock; the second layer of fermentation feedstock at the bottom consists of actinomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, each used at a rate of 0.07-0.15 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / gram of fermentation feedstock; the third layer of fermentation feedstock at the bottom consists of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus cereus, each used at a rate of 0.07-0.15 × 10⁻⁶ CFU / gram. 8 CFU / gram of fermentation feedstock; the fourth layer of fermentation feedstock contains yeast, with a usage of 0.07-0.15 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / gram of fermentation raw materials;

[0009] Step 4: Set up an oxygen content detector. When the oxygen content is below 5%, start the blower for ventilation. When the oxygen content is above 15%, stop the blower. The oxygen content detector is located at the center of the bottom of the first layer of fermentation raw materials.

[0010] Step 5: Control the temperature of the pile to 60-65℃ within 48 hours, and maintain a high temperature period of 50-60℃ for 180-210 days. During the high temperature period, the heating system is connected through the heat exchange pipes pre-embedded between the two layers of fermentation raw materials.

[0011] As a more preferred technical solution of the present invention: in step one, the waste fungus bag is crushed to a particle size of less than 5mm, and the chicken manure is free from mold and antibiotic residue.

[0012] As a more preferred technical solution of the present invention: the lignin content of the waste fungus bag in step one is 30%-50%, and the mycelial residue is 3%-8% of the dry weight.

[0013] As a more preferred technical solution of the present invention: the mass ratio of waste fungus spawn bag to chicken manure in step one is 3-5:1.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the amount of each component in the compound microbial agent in step three is 0.1 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / gram of fermentation feedstock.

[0015] As a more preferred technical solution of the present invention: in step four, ventilation is provided by bottom air pipes, and the outlet of the bottom air pipes is located at the four corners of the bottom of the first layer of fermentation raw materials.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: in step five, the heat exchange tube is a stainless steel tube with a diameter of 20-30 mm and a spacing of 30-50 cm between adjacent heat exchange tubes.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the fermentation container is a truncated square, with a stack height of 1.2-1.8 m and a volume of 12 m³ or more.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the outer layer of the fermentation container is covered with a 0.5mm thick polyethylene insulation film, and the inner layer is covered with an aluminum foil reflective layer to reduce heat loss.

[0019] The beneficial effects are as follows:

[0020] The method provided by this invention achieves efficient degradation and heat recovery of mushroom spawn bags through the synergistic effects of layered inoculant design, dynamic porosity control, oxygen feedback ventilation, and a heat exchange system. This allows for direct heating, expanding the application scenarios of waste resource utilization and aligning with the needs of a circular economy. The vertical layered design enables precise matching of microbial succession with temperature gradients, resolving stability issues during high-temperature periods and reducing temperature fluctuations from ±10℃ to a controllable range. It breaks through the lower limit of porosity in conventional composting by balancing the permeability of high-density materials through layered compaction and achieves low-energy oxygen supply in conjunction with an oxygen sensor. This invention directly embeds heat exchange pipelines to achieve synchronous heating during high-temperature periods, maintaining temperatures above 50℃ for 180-210 days. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0022] The present invention will be further illustrated below through specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, all fermentation raw materials are commercially available. The beneficial effects of the present invention are explained in conjunction with practical examples, but these embodiments are only used to illustrate the features and advantages of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods. The materials, reagents, and instruments used are all conventional materials, reagents, and instruments in the art, and can be obtained commercially by those skilled in the art. *Bacillus thermophilus* was purchased from the China Agricultural Microbiological Culture Collection Center (ACCC10258). *Bacillus thermophilus* was purchased from the German Microbiological Culture Collection Center (DSM17952). The remaining microbial agents were commercially available: *Clostridium thermophilum*, *Actinomyces*, *Lactic Acid Bacteria*, *Bacillus subtilis*, *Bacillus licheniformis*, *Bacillus cereus*, *Bacillus cereus*, *Bacillus spp.*, *Bacillus cereus*, *Bacillus spp.*, *Bacillus cereus*, *Bacillus spp.*, *Bacillus cereus*, *Bacillus cereus*, *Bacillus spp.*, and *Bacillus spp.* were purchased from Angel Yeast Co., Ltd.

[0024] This invention leverages the material characteristics of Auricularia auricula-judae spawn bags, which contain 30%-50% lignin and have strong water-holding capacity. It achieves efficient composting through layered inoculant activation, dynamic porosity control, and simultaneous heat recovery. Inoculants are added in layers to the compost pile according to the functional microbial communities matched to the fermentation stage, aiming to sequentially initiate thermophilic fermentation, degrade lignin, decompose cellulose, and humify. Each layer of fermentation material is compacted to a porosity of 40-45%, addressing the anaerobic problem caused by high water-holding capacity. A pre-embedded spiral heat exchange pipeline maintains a high temperature of ≥50℃ for 180-210 days during the high-temperature period, simultaneously recovering heat for heating.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A method for regulating the heat generation of waste wood ear mushroom spawn composting using a compound microbial agent in a stratified manner includes the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: Crush waste mushroom spawn bags to a particle size of 5 mm, with a lignin content of 38% and a mycelial residue of 5.2% by dry weight. Select chicken manure free from mold and antibiotic residue, and adjust the moisture content to 65%. Mix the chicken manure and the crushed spawn bags to obtain the fermentation raw material. When the mass ratio of chicken manure to spawn bags is 1:3, the C / N ratio is 28:1.

[0028] Step 2: Spread the fermentation raw materials in layers in a hollow trapezoidal truncated pyramidal fermentation container, piled up to a height of 1.8 m and a volume of 15 m³. Cover the outer layer with a 0.5 mm thick polyethylene insulation film and the inner layer with an aluminum foil reflective layer to reduce heat loss.

[0029] Step 3: Spread the fermentation raw materials evenly. After each layer of fermentation raw materials is spread evenly, adjust the moisture content according to the bottom layer (40%), middle layer (50%), and top layer (55%). Mechanically compact the material to a porosity of 40% to ensure that it works in conjunction with the bottom ventilation system to maintain an oxygen content of 5-15%. Each layer is 30 cm thick after compaction. Sprinkle the surface evenly with freeze-dried compound microbial agent to form a microbial agent layer. The composition of the compound microbial agent for each layer starting from the bottom is shown in Table 1 below.

[0030] Table 1

[0031]

[0032] Step 4: Repeat the above layering until the pile height reaches 1.8 m. The compound microbial agent is located between the two layers of fermentation raw materials, and there is no microbial agent on the top layer of fermentation raw materials.

[0033] Step 5: Install an oxygen content detector (model OX-200, accuracy ±0.5%) at the bottom of the pile. When the oxygen content is below 5%, the blower will automatically start. The blower power is 1.5 kW. Ventilation is provided through bottom air pipes, with the outlets of the bottom air pipes located at the four corners of the bottom of the first layer of fermentation raw materials. The blower will stop when the oxygen content is above 15%. Spiral stainless steel heat exchange pipes with a diameter of 25 mm and a spacing of 40 cm are pre-embedded in the pile. The temperature will rise to 62.5℃ in 48 hours, and the high temperature fluctuation at 55℃ will be ±2.8℃ for 180 days.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] The differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are shown in Table 2 below.

[0036] Table 2

[0037]

[0038] Example 3

[0039] The differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are shown in Table 3 below.

[0040] Table 3

[0041]

[0042] Example 4

[0043] The differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are shown in Table 4 below.

[0044] Table 4

[0045]

[0046] Example 5

[0047] The differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are shown in Table 5 below.

[0048] Table 5

[0049]

[0050] Example 6

[0051] The differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are shown in Table 6 below.

[0052] Table 6

[0053]

[0054] Example 7

[0055] The differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are shown in Table 7 below.

[0056] Table 7

[0057]

[0058] Example 8

[0059] The differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are shown in Table 8 below.

[0060] Table 8

[0061]

[0062] Example 9

[0063] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the C / N ratio is 25:1.

[0064] Example 10

[0065] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the C / N ratio is 30:1.

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] The differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are shown in Table 9 below.

[0068] Table 9

[0069]

[0070] Comparative Example 2

[0071] The differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are shown in Table 10 below.

[0072] Table 10

[0073]

[0074] Comparative Example 3

[0075] The differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are shown in Table 11 below.

[0076] Table 11

[0077]

[0078] Comparative Example 4

[0079] The differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are shown in Table 12 below.

[0080] Table 12

[0081]

[0082] Comparative Example 5

[0083] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the compound microbial agent on each layer of fermentation raw materials consists of 0.1 billion each of thermophilic spheroidal urealyticum, thermospheroidal urealyticum, thermophilic clostridium fibrinolyticum, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, and yeast.

[0084] The monitoring and effectiveness verification of the composting process are shown in Table 13 below.

[0085] The lignin degradation rate is calculated using the following method in Table 13:

[0086]

[0087] In Table 13, the cumulative heat supply (MJ / ton of raw material) refers to the total heat energy released per unit of raw material during the energy conversion process. The calculation method is as follows:

[0088]

[0089] The complete oxidation of each kilogram of organic carbon releases 17.6 MJ of heat. and Organic carbon content (g / kg dry basis) at the initial stage and after composting.

[0090] The calculation method for cellulose degradation rate in Table 13 is as follows:

[0091]

[0092] Table 13

[0093]

[0094] The composting structure provided by this invention can heat up to above 60°C within 48 hours, with temperature fluctuations within ±3°C during the high-temperature period; the lignin degradation rate is increased by 40%, and the fermentation cycle is extended to 180-210 days; the heat recovery efficiency is above 3600 MJ / ton of fermentation raw material; it solves the three major bottlenecks in the composting of black fungus bags: difficulty in high lignin degradation, oxygen supply contradiction caused by water retention, and low heat utilization rate, and is suitable for the resource-based treatment of waste from the edible fungus industry.

[0095] This invention addresses the problems of slow temperature rise, anaerobic odor production, difficult lignin degradation, and heat waste in Auricularia auricula composting by spatially stratified microbial agents, vertically matched microbial community functions, porosity threshold control, and in-situ heat recovery. It prioritizes the colonization of thermophilic bacteria through stratified microbial agents, controls the low-oxygen threshold through porosity and oxygen feedback ventilation, and precisely intervenes in actinomycetes during high-temperature periods. This provides an integrated solution for the resource utilization of waste from the edible fungi industry, encompassing degradation, heat generation, and heating, extending the composting cycle, and combining environmental friendliness with economic efficiency.

[0096] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for layered regulation of heat production in waste agaric fungus bag composting by using a complex microbial inoculum, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step one, mix the crushed waste Auricularia auricular mushroom package with chicken manure to obtain fermentation raw materials, and adjust the C / N ratio of the fermentation raw materials to 25-30:1; Step two, layer the fermentation raw materials in the fermentation container, with a thickness of 20-35 cm for each layer; after the fermentation raw materials are layered, adjust the moisture content according to 40-45% for the bottom layer, 50-55% for the middle layer, and 55-60% for the top layer, mechanically compact to a porosity of 35-40%, and ensure that the oxygen content is 5-15% in cooperation with the bottom ventilation system; Step three, evenly sprinkle the compound microbial inoculant on the surface of each layer of fermentation raw materials, the bottom first layer of fermentation raw materials is Bacillus sphearoides ureafaciens, Bacillus sphearoides ureafaciens and Clostridium thermocellum, the usage is 0.07-0.15×10 8 CFU / gram of fermentation raw materials; the bottom second layer of fermentation raw materials is actinomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, the usage is 0.07-0.15×10 8 CFU / gram of fermentation raw materials; the bottom third layer of fermentation raw materials is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus cereus, the usage is 0.07-0.15×10 8 CFU / gram of fermentation raw materials; the fourth layer of fermentation raw materials is yeast, the usage is 0.07-0.15×10 8 CFU / gram of fermentation raw materials; Bacillus sphearoides ureafaciens preservation number ACCC10258; Bacillus sphearoides ureafaciens preservation number DSM17952; Step four, set an oxygen content detector, start the air blower when the oxygen content is lower than 5%, and stop when the oxygen content is higher than 15%, and the oxygen content detector is located at the center of the bottom of the first layer of fermentation raw materials; Step five, control the temperature of the pile to rise to 60-65℃ within 48 hours, maintain a high temperature of 50-60℃ for 180-210 days, and connect the heating system through the heat exchange pipe embedded between the two layers of fermentation raw materials during the high temperature period.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composite microbial agent is used to control the temperature of the waste agaric fungus bag composting in layers. In step one, the waste Auricularia auricular mushroom package is crushed to a particle size of less than 5 mm, and the chicken manure is free of mold and antibiotic residues.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composite microbial agent is used to regulate the heat production of the waste agaric fungus bag compost in layers. In step one, the lignin content of the waste Auricularia auricular mushroom package is 30%-50%, and the mycelium residue content is 3%-8% of the dry weight.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composite microbial agent is used to control the temperature of the waste agaric fungus bag composting in layers. In step one, the mass ratio of the waste Auricularia auricular mushroom package to chicken manure is 3-5:

1.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composite microbial agent is used to regulate the heat production of the waste agaric fungus bag compost in layers. The use amount of each component in the complex microbial agent in step three is 0.1 x 10 8 CFU / gram of fermented raw material.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composite microbial agent is used to control the temperature of the waste agaric fungus bag composting in layers. In step four, the ventilation is supplied by the bottom air pipe, and the outlet of the bottom air pipe is located at the four corners of the bottom of the first layer of fermentation raw materials.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composite microbial agent is used to regulate the heat production of the waste agaric fungus bag compost in layers. In step five, the heat exchange pipe is a stainless steel pipe with a diameter of 20-30 mm and a spacing of 30-50 cm between adjacent heat exchange pipes.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composite microbial agent is used to regulate the heat production of the waste agaric fungus bag compost in layers. The fermentation container is a quadrangular frustum.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composite microbial agent is used to control the temperature of the waste agaric fungus bag composting in layers. The outer layer of the fermentation container is covered with a 0.5 mm thick polyethylene insulation film, and the inner layer is covered with an aluminum foil reflective layer.

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