Production process of light high-strength aluminum alloy

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy production, and provides a light high-strength aluminum alloy production process which comprises the following steps: step 1, weighing raw materials according to a ratio, and then putting the raw materials into a smelting furnace for melting and heat preservation to obtain molten liquid; 2, the molten liquid is poured, and a cast ingot is obtained; 3, the cast ingot is placed in a muffle furnace to be subjected to homogenizing heat treatment, and a retreated cast ingot is obtained; 4, the retreated cast ingot is subjected to quenching treatment; and 5, the quenched cast ingot is subjected to aging treatment and cooled to the room temperature, and the light high-strength aluminum alloy is obtained. The aluminum alloy material prepared by the production process of the lightweight high-strength aluminum alloy provided by the invention has the characteristics of high mechanical strength, high wear resistance, good thermal stability and fatigue resistance, and also has good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and processing adaptability; the method has wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy production, and in particular relates to a production process of a lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum alloys are aluminum-based alloys with certain amounts of other alloying elements added. They are considered a type of light metal. In addition to the general properties of aluminum, aluminum alloys also possess specific properties due to the type and amount of alloying elements added. Aluminum alloys have high strength, with a specific strength approaching that of high-alloy steel, while exceeding the specific stiffness of steel. They also offer excellent casting and plastic processing properties, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and weldability. They can be used as structural materials and are widely used in aerospace, aviation, transportation, construction, electromechanical, light chemical, and consumer goods.

[0003] As the requirements for high-strength aluminum alloys in various industries continue to increase, and the requirements for the performance of aluminum alloy materials continue to improve, there are still some urgent problems and deficiencies in the alloy composition and smelting process of existing high-strength aluminum alloys. Existing high-strength aluminum alloys are usually alloyed with elements such as silicon, copper, and magnesium to enhance the strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance of the material. In practical applications, these alloy compositions have the following problems: (1) The alloy element ratios of traditional high-strength aluminum alloys are often based on experience or certain standard formulas, and lack optimization for specific application requirements. This leads to the alloys being deficient in certain specific properties, such as high-temperature stability, fatigue resistance, or corrosion resistance, making it difficult to meet the increasingly stringent requirements of modern industry for material properties; (2) In high-strength aluminum alloys, trace elements such as iron and titanium have an important influence on the comprehensive properties of the material. In the existing technology, how to accurately control the content of these elements and make them evenly distributed in the alloy is still a technical difficulty. If handled improperly, these elements may form harmful phases, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical properties of the alloy and an increase in the brittleness of the material.

[0004] Currently, commercially available aluminum alloys, while possessing a certain degree of mechanical strength, suffer from relatively poor toughness, hardness, and corrosion resistance, which, to a certain extent, shortens their service life. Therefore, the present invention provides a lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy production process to address the aforementioned technical issues. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process to solve one of the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Weigh the raw materials according to the ratio, then put them into the smelting furnace for melting, and keep them warm to obtain a molten liquid;

[0009] Step 2: pouring the molten liquid obtained in step 1 to obtain an ingot;

[0010] Step 3: placing the ingot obtained in step 2 in a muffle furnace for homogenization heat treatment to obtain a reprocessed ingot;

[0011] Step 4, quenching the reprocessed ingot obtained in step 3;

[0012] Step 5: Perform aging treatment on the quenched ingot and cool it to room temperature to obtain a lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the raw materials in step 1 include the following components in the following weight percentages: Si: 0.40-0.50%, Fe: 0.16-0.18%, Cu: 0.01-0.12%, Mn: 0.012-0.018%, Mg: 0.63-0.65%, Cr: 0.005-0.006%, Zn: 0.04-0.05%, Ti: 0.020-0.024%, Ni: 0.01-0.022%, Sn: 0.005-0.01%, V: 0.018-0.024%, rare earth elements: 0.20-0.26%, graphene: 0.20-0.35%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the graphene has a thickness of 5 to 10 nm and a particle size of 80 to 100 nm. Graphene has excellent mechanical strength and thermal conductivity, and as a reinforcing phase, it can significantly improve the mechanical and thermal properties of aluminum alloys. Graphene can be evenly dispersed in the aluminum alloy and does not react at the interface, effectively enhancing the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum alloy without compromising toughness.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention, the density of the graphene is 2.2 to 2.5 g / cm 3 .

[0016] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the rare earth element in step 1 is at least one of Sc, La, Pr, and Nd. The addition of rare earth elements can significantly promote the refining of aluminum alloys by effectively improving inclusion morphology, purifying grain boundaries, reducing the solidus-liquidus temperature difference, lowering the alloy's tendency to solidify in a mushy state, and reducing the surface tension of the alloy melt.

[0017] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the temperature in the melting furnace in step 1 is 730-750°C, and the melting time is 10-12 hours. Controlling the melting temperature significantly affects the microstructure of the aluminum alloy. A temperature of 730-750°C can effectively remove gases and non-metallic inclusions from the aluminum alloy, thereby improving the purity and quality of the alloy and enhancing its properties.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention, the pouring time in step 2 is ≤ 3 hours.

[0019] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the specific process of the homogenization heat treatment in step 3 is as follows: heating the temperature to 550-650°C at a heating rate of 5-10°C / min and holding it for 20-35 minutes, then cooling the temperature to 400-450°C at a cooling rate of 8-10°C / min and holding it for 20-30 minutes. After the heat treatment, an aluminum alloy material with uniform composition, stable structure, and excellent overall performance is obtained.

[0020] As a further solution of the present invention, the temperature of the quenching treatment in step 4 is 480-550° C., and the quenching time is 5.5-6 hours.

[0021] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the specific process of the aging treatment in step 5 is as follows: placing the quenched ingot in a holding furnace at 100-110°C, heating it to 120-125°C at a rate of 15-20°C / h, and holding it for 20-22 hours; heating it to 150-155°C at a rate of 25-30°C / h; cooling it to 110-120°C at an average rate of 28-30°C / h, and holding it for 20-22 hours; and finally naturally cooling it to 50-60°C in the holding furnace and taking it out.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] The aluminum alloy material prepared by the lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process provided in the present invention has the characteristics of high mechanical strength, high wear resistance, good thermal stability and fatigue resistance, as well as good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and processing adaptability, and has broad application prospects in aerospace, automobile manufacturing and other fields.

[0024] The present invention achieves an ideal balance between strength and toughness of the aluminum alloy by precisely controlling the proportions of the various components in the aluminum alloy material. The higher silicon content not only enhances the casting properties of the material, but also improves its corrosion resistance. The addition of titanium further refines the grains and enhances the comprehensive mechanical properties of the alloy. The addition of zinc enables the alloy to have better corrosion resistance while retaining high strength, making it suitable for use in harsh environments. The introduction of vanadium also further improves the stability of the material under high temperature conditions. Furthermore, by rationally configuring the contents of copper, manganese and magnesium, the aluminum alloy maintains good processing properties while ensuring high strength, especially in terms of ductility and plasticity after heat treatment. This makes the material easier to form and process, and suitable for manufacturing parts with complex shapes. Furthermore, in the present invention, graphene is also added to the aluminum alloy raw material. Graphene has an extremely large specific surface area, which effectively prevents the growth of aluminum alloy grains during heat treatment, and can also effectively prevent dislocation movement and crack propagation during the stress process of the material. In addition, graphene is only a few nanometers thick, and the spacing between aluminum alloy grains is very small, which is more conducive to the transfer of external force from the aluminum alloy matrix to the graphene nanosheets, thereby enhancing the strength of the aluminum alloy material.

[0025] The present invention provides a lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process, which has a simple method, low equipment requirements, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] This example provides a lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process, the steps are as follows:

[0029] Step 1. Weigh the raw materials according to the ratio: the raw materials include the following components according to the following weight percentages: Si: 0.40%, Fe: 0.16%, Cu: 0.01%, Mn: 0.012%, Mg: 0.63%, Cr: 0.005%, Zn: 0.04%, Ti: 0.020%, Ni: 0.01%, Sn: 0.005%, V: 0.018%, rare earth element (Sc): 0.20%, graphene (thickness 5nm, particle size 80nm, density 2.2g / cm 3 ): 0.20%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0030] Then put it into the melting furnace for melting at a temperature of 730°C for 12 hours, and keep it warm to obtain a molten liquid;

[0031] Step 2: pouring the molten liquid obtained in step 1 for a pouring time of ≤3h to obtain an ingot;

[0032] Step 3, placing the ingot obtained in step 2 in a muffle furnace for homogenization heat treatment, heating the temperature to 550°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, and keeping it warm for 20 minutes, then cooling the temperature to 400°C at a cooling rate of 8°C / min, and keeping it warm for 20 minutes to obtain a reprocessed ingot;

[0033] Step 4: quenching the reprocessed ingot obtained in step 3 at a temperature of 480° C. for 5.5 h;

[0034] Step 5: subjecting the quenched ingot to aging treatment: placing the quenched ingot in a 100°C holding furnace, heating it to 120°C at a rate of 15°C / h, and holding it for 20 hours; heating it to 150°C at a rate of 25°C / h; cooling it to 110°C at an average rate of 28°C / h, and holding it for 20 hours; finally, naturally cooling it to 60°C in the holding furnace, taking it out and cooling it to room temperature to obtain a lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] This example provides a lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process, the steps are as follows:

[0037] Step 1. Weigh the raw materials according to the ratio: the raw materials include the following components according to the following weight percentages: Si: 0.50%, Fe: 0.18%, Cu: 0.12%, Mn: 0.018%, Mg: 0.65%, Cr: 0.006%, Zn: 0.05%, Ti: 0.024%, Ni: 0.022%, Sn: 0.01%, V: 0.024%, rare earth element (Sc): 0.26%, graphene (thickness 5nm, particle size 80nm, density 2.2g / cm 3 ): 0.35%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0038] Then put it into the melting furnace for melting at a temperature of 730°C for 12 hours, and keep it warm to obtain a molten liquid;

[0039] Step 2: pouring the molten liquid obtained in step 1 for a pouring time of ≤3h to obtain an ingot;

[0040] Step 3, placing the ingot obtained in step 2 in a muffle furnace for homogenization heat treatment, heating the temperature to 550°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, and keeping it warm for 20 minutes, then cooling the temperature to 400°C at a cooling rate of 8°C / min, and keeping it warm for 20 minutes to obtain a reprocessed ingot;

[0041] Step 4: quenching the reprocessed ingot obtained in step 3 at a temperature of 480° C. for 5 h;

[0042] Step 5: subjecting the quenched ingot to aging treatment: placing the quenched ingot in a 100°C holding furnace, heating it to 120°C at a rate of 15°C / h, and holding it for 20 hours; heating it to 150°C at a rate of 25°C / h; cooling it to 110°C at an average rate of 28°C / h, and holding it for 20 hours; finally, naturally cooling it to 60°C in the holding furnace, taking it out and cooling it to room temperature to obtain a lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] This example provides a lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process, the steps are as follows:

[0045] Step 1. Weigh the raw materials according to the ratio: the raw materials include the following components according to the following weight percentages: Si: 0.45%, Fe: 0.16%, Cu: 0.05%, Mn: 0.012%, Mg: 0.63%, Cr: 0.006%, Zn: 0.045%, Ti: 0.022%, Ni: 0.01%, Sn: 0.005%, V: 0.020%, rare earth element (Sc): 0.22%, graphene (thickness 5nm, particle size 80nm, density 2.2g / cm 3 ): 0.25%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0046] Then put it into the melting furnace for melting at a temperature of 730°C for 12 hours, and keep it warm to obtain a molten liquid;

[0047] Step 2: pouring the molten liquid obtained in step 1 for a pouring time of ≤3h to obtain an ingot;

[0048] Step 3, placing the ingot obtained in step 2 in a muffle furnace for homogenization heat treatment, heating the temperature to 550°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, and keeping it warm for 20 minutes, then cooling the temperature to 400°C at a cooling rate of 8°C / min, and keeping it warm for 20 minutes to obtain a reprocessed ingot;

[0049] Step 4: quenching the reprocessed ingot obtained in step 3 at a temperature of 480° C. for 5.5 h;

[0050] Step 5: subjecting the quenched ingot to aging treatment: placing the quenched ingot in a 100°C holding furnace, heating it to 120°C at a rate of 15°C / h, and holding it for 20 hours; heating it to 150°C at a rate of 25°C / h; cooling it to 110°C at an average rate of 28°C / h, and holding it for 20 hours; finally, naturally cooling it to 60°C in the holding furnace, taking it out and cooling it to room temperature to obtain a lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0051] Example 4

[0052] This example provides a lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process, the steps are as follows:

[0053] Step 1. Weigh the raw materials according to the ratio: the raw materials include the following components according to the following weight percentages: Si: 0.40%, Fe: 0.16%, Cu: 0.01%, Mn: 0.012%, Mg: 0.63%, Cr: 0.005%, Zn: 0.04%, Ti: 0.020%, Ni: 0.01%, Sn: 0.005%, V: 0.018%, rare earth element (Sc): 0.20%, graphene (thickness 5nm, particle size 80nm, density 2.2g / cm 3 ): 0.20%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0054] Then put it into the melting furnace for melting at a temperature of 750°C for 10 hours, and keep it warm to obtain a molten liquid;

[0055] Step 2: pouring the molten liquid obtained in step 1 for a pouring time of ≤3h to obtain an ingot;

[0056] Step 3, placing the ingot obtained in step 2 in a muffle furnace for homogenization heat treatment, heating the temperature to 550°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, and keeping it warm for 20 minutes, then cooling the temperature to 400°C at a cooling rate of 8°C / min, and keeping it warm for 20 minutes to obtain a reprocessed ingot;

[0057] Step 4: quenching the reprocessed ingot obtained in step 3 at a temperature of 480° C. for 5.5 h;

[0058] Step 5: subjecting the quenched ingot to aging treatment: placing the quenched ingot in a 100°C holding furnace, heating it to 120°C at a rate of 15°C / h, and holding it for 20 hours; heating it to 150°C at a rate of 25°C / h; cooling it to 110°C at an average rate of 28°C / h, and holding it for 20 hours; finally, naturally cooling it to 60°C in the holding furnace, taking it out and cooling it to room temperature to obtain a lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0059] Example 5

[0060] This example provides a lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process, the steps are as follows:

[0061] Step 1. Weigh the raw materials according to the ratio: the raw materials include the following components according to the following weight percentages: Si: 0.40%, Fe: 0.16%, Cu: 0.01%, Mn: 0.012%, Mg: 0.63%, Cr: 0.005%, Zn: 0.04%, Ti: 0.020%, Ni: 0.01%, Sn: 0.005%, V: 0.018%, rare earth element (Sc): 0.20%, graphene (thickness 5nm, particle size 80nm, density 2.2g / cm 3 ): 0.20%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0062] Then put it into the melting furnace for melting at a temperature of 730°C for 12 hours, and keep it warm to obtain a molten liquid;

[0063] Step 2: pouring the molten liquid obtained in step 1 for a pouring time of ≤3h to obtain an ingot;

[0064] Step 3, placing the ingot obtained in step 2 in a muffle furnace for homogenization heat treatment, heating the temperature to 600°C at a heating rate of 8°C / min, and keeping it warm for 30 minutes, then cooling the temperature to 450°C at a cooling rate of 8°C / min, and keeping it warm for 25 minutes to obtain a reprocessed ingot;

[0065] Step 4: quenching the reprocessed ingot obtained in step 3 at a temperature of 480° C. for 5.5 h;

[0066] Step 5: subjecting the quenched ingot to aging treatment: placing the quenched ingot in a 100°C holding furnace, heating it to 120°C at a rate of 15°C / h, and holding it for 20 hours; heating it to 150°C at a rate of 25°C / h; cooling it to 110°C at an average rate of 28°C / h, and holding it for 20 hours; finally, naturally cooling it to 60°C in the holding furnace, taking it out and cooling it to room temperature to obtain a lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0067] Example 6

[0068] This example provides a lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process, the steps are as follows:

[0069] Step 1. Weigh the raw materials according to the ratio: the raw materials include the following components according to the following weight percentages: Si: 0.40%, Fe: 0.16%, Cu: 0.01%, Mn: 0.012%, Mg: 0.63%, Cr: 0.005%, Zn: 0.04%, Ti: 0.020%, Ni: 0.01%, Sn: 0.005%, V: 0.018%, rare earth element (Sc): 0.20%, graphene (thickness 5nm, particle size 80nm, density 2.2g / cm 3 ): 0.20%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0070] Then put it into the melting furnace for melting at a temperature of 730°C for 12 hours, and keep it warm to obtain a molten liquid;

[0071] Step 2: pouring the molten liquid obtained in step 1 for a pouring time of ≤3h to obtain an ingot;

[0072] Step 3, placing the ingot obtained in step 2 in a muffle furnace for homogenization heat treatment, heating the temperature to 550°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, and keeping it warm for 20 minutes, then cooling the temperature to 400°C at a cooling rate of 8°C / min, and keeping it warm for 20 minutes to obtain a reprocessed ingot;

[0073] Step 4: quenching the reprocessed ingot obtained in step 3 at a temperature of 540° C. for 6 h;

[0074] Step 5: subjecting the quenched ingot to aging treatment: placing the quenched ingot in a 100°C holding furnace, heating it to 120°C at a rate of 15°C / h, and holding it for 20 hours; heating it to 150°C at a rate of 25°C / h; cooling it to 110°C at an average rate of 28°C / h, and holding it for 20 hours; finally, naturally cooling it to 60°C in the holding furnace, taking it out and cooling it to room temperature to obtain a lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0075] Example 7

[0076] This example provides a lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process, the steps are as follows:

[0077] Step 1. Weigh the raw materials according to the ratio: the raw materials include the following components according to the following weight percentages: Si: 0.40%, Fe: 0.16%, Cu: 0.01%, Mn: 0.012%, Mg: 0.63%, Cr: 0.005%, Zn: 0.04%, Ti: 0.020%, Ni: 0.01%, Sn: 0.005%, V: 0.018%, rare earth element (Sc): 0.20%, graphene (thickness 5nm, particle size 80nm, density 2.2g / cm 3): 0.20%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0078] Then put it into the melting furnace for melting at a temperature of 730°C for 12 hours, and keep it warm to obtain a molten liquid;

[0079] Step 2: pouring the molten liquid obtained in step 1 for a pouring time of ≤3h to obtain an ingot;

[0080] Step 3, placing the ingot obtained in step 2 in a muffle furnace for homogenization heat treatment, heating the temperature to 550°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, and keeping it warm for 20 minutes, then cooling the temperature to 400°C at a cooling rate of 8°C / min, and keeping it warm for 20 minutes to obtain a reprocessed ingot;

[0081] Step 4: quenching the reprocessed ingot obtained in step 3 at a temperature of 480° C. for 5.5 h;

[0082] Step 5, subjecting the quenched ingot to aging treatment: placing the quenched ingot in a 100°C holding furnace, heating it to 125°C at a rate of 18°C / h, and holding it for 22 hours; heating it to 155°C at a rate of 28°C / h; cooling it to 115°C at an average rate of 30°C / h, and holding it for 21 hours; finally, naturally cooling it to 60°C in the holding furnace, taking it out and cooling it to room temperature to obtain a lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0083] Example 8

[0084] This example provides a lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process, the steps are as follows:

[0085] Step 1. Weigh the raw materials according to the ratio: the raw materials include the following components according to the following weight percentages: Si: 0.40%, Fe: 0.17%, Cu: 0.08%, Mn: 0.016%, Mg: 0.65%, Cr: 0.0055%, Zn: 0.045%, Ti: 0.024%, Ni: 0.01%, Sn: 0.005%, V: 0.018%, rare earth element (Pr): 0.24%, graphene (thickness 8nm, particle size 90nm, density 2.5g / cm 3 ): 0.28%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0086] Then put it into the melting furnace for melting at a temperature of 740°C for 11 hours, and keep it warm to obtain a molten liquid;

[0087] Step 2: pouring the molten liquid obtained in step 1 for a pouring time of ≤3h to obtain an ingot;

[0088] Step 3, placing the ingot obtained in step 2 in a muffle furnace for homogenization heat treatment, heating the temperature to 550°C at a heating rate of 6°C / min, and keeping it warm for 20 minutes, then cooling the temperature to 400°C at a cooling rate of 8°C / min, and keeping it warm for 30 minutes to obtain a reprocessed ingot;

[0089] Step 4: quenching the reprocessed ingot obtained in step 3 at a temperature of 550° C. for 6 h;

[0090] Step 5, subjecting the quenched ingot to aging treatment: placing the quenched ingot in a 100°C holding furnace, heating it to 125°C at a rate of 20°C / h, and holding it for 22 hours; heating it to 150°C at a rate of 28°C / h; cooling it to 110°C at an average rate of 28°C / h, and holding it for 20 hours; finally, naturally cooling it to 60°C in the holding furnace, taking it out and cooling it to room temperature to obtain a lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0091] Comparative Example 1

[0092] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that graphene and rare earth elements are not added to the raw materials:

[0093] Step 1. Weigh the raw materials according to the ratio: the raw materials include the following components in the following weight percentages: Si: 0.40%, Fe: 0.16%, Cu: 0.01%, Mn: 0.012%, Mg: 0.63%, Cr: 0.005%, Zn: 0.04%, Ti: 0.020%, Ni: 0.01%, Sn: 0.005%, V: 0.018%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0094] Comparative Example 2

[0095] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that no graphene is added to the raw materials:

[0096] Step 1. Weigh the raw materials according to the ratio: the raw materials include the following components in the following weight percentages: Si: 0.40%, Fe: 0.16%, Cu: 0.01%, Mn: 0.012%, Mg: 0.63%, Cr: 0.005%, Zn: 0.04%, Ti: 0.020%, Ni: 0.01%, Sn: 0.005%, V: 0.018%, rare earth elements (Sc): 0.20%, graphene (thickness 5nm, particle size 80nm, density 2.2g / cm3): 0.20%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities.

[0097] Comparative Example 3

[0098] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that no rare earth elements are added to the raw materials:

[0099] Step 1. Weigh the raw materials according to the ratio: the raw materials include the following components in the following weight percentages: Si: 0.40%, Fe: 0.16%, Cu: 0.01%, Mn: 0.012%, Mg: 0.63%, Cr: 0.005%, Zn: 0.04%, Ti: 0.020%, Ni: 0.01%, Sn: 0.005%, V: 0.018%, graphene (thickness 5nm, particle size 80nm, density 2.2g / cm3): 0.20%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities.

[0100] Comparative Example 4

[0101] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the amounts of the components in the raw materials are different:

[0102] Step 1. Weigh the raw materials according to the ratio: the raw materials include the following components in the following weight percentages: Si: 0.30%, Fe: 0.16%, Cu: 0.01%, Mn: 0.002%, Mg: 0.63%, Cr: 0.005%, Zn: 0.01%, Ti: 0.020%, Ni: 0.01%, Sn: 0.005%, V: 0.018%, rare earth element (Sc): 0.20%, graphene (thickness 5nm, particle size 80nm, density 2.2g / cm3): 0.20%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0103] Comparative Example 5

[0104] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that step 3 is different:

[0105] Step 3, placing the ingot obtained in step 2 in a muffle furnace for homogenization heat treatment, heating the temperature to 500°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min, and keeping it warm for 20 minutes, then cooling the temperature to 400°C at a cooling rate of 8°C / min, and keeping it warm for 20 minutes to obtain a reprocessed ingot;

[0106] Comparative Example 6

[0107] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that step 4 is different:

[0108] Step 4: quench the reprocessed ingot obtained in step 3 at a temperature of 450°C for 5.5 hours.

[0109] Comparative Example 7

[0110] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that step 5 is different:

[0111] Step 5, subjecting the quenched ingot to aging treatment: placing the quenched ingot in a 150°C holding furnace, heating it to 120°C at a rate of 10°C / h, and holding it for 20 hours; heating it to 150°C at a rate of 25°C / h; cooling it to 110°C at an average rate of 25°C / h, and holding it for 20 hours; finally, naturally cooling it to 60°C in the holding furnace, taking it out and cooling it to room temperature to obtain a lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0112] Performance tests were performed on Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7:

[0113] The aluminum alloy materials obtained in the examples and comparative examples were hot extruded and rolled to produce plates with a sample size of 12.26 mm × 4.27 mm and a thickness of 5 mm. Mechanical properties were then tested according to standard GB / T 228-2010. Hardness was tested according to standard GB / T 231.1-2018, Metal Materials Brinell Hardness Test Part 1: Test Method. Wear resistance: The friction and wear equipment was a WWM-A vertical universal friction and wear testing machine with a thrust ring type surface contact. The upper specimen was a large thrust ring (made of HT250, 230HV), and the lower specimen was the aluminum alloy cross slip ring to be tested. The load was 600 N, the speed was 800 r / min, the wear length was 13,875 m, the friction test conditions were room temperature, and the environmental medium was 68EP refrigeration oil lubrication. The profile method was used to assess the wear of the specimens. The test results are shown in Table 1:

[0114] Table 1

[0115]

[0116] As can be seen from Table 1, the aluminum alloy materials prepared in Examples 1-8 have superior tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, and wear resistance compared to the aluminum alloy materials obtained in Comparative Examples 1-7. This shows that the aluminum alloy materials prepared by the lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy production process provided in the present invention have the characteristics of high mechanical strength, high wear resistance, good thermal stability and fatigue resistance, as well as good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and processability.

[0117] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "includes," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0118] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial number of each process does not mean the order of execution. Some or all steps can be executed in parallel or sequentially. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the implementation regulations of this application.

[0119] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in this application can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0120] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Weigh the raw materials according to the ratio, then put them into the smelting furnace for melting, and keep them warm to obtain a molten liquid; Step 2: pouring the molten liquid obtained in step 1 to obtain an ingot; Step 3: placing the ingot obtained in step 2 in a muffle furnace for homogenization heat treatment to obtain a reprocessed ingot; Step 4, quenching the reprocessed ingot obtained in step 3; Step 5: Perform aging treatment on the quenched ingot and cool it to room temperature to obtain a lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy.

2. A lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials in step 1 include the following components in the following weight percentages: Si: 0.40-0.50%, Fe: 0.16-0.18%, Cu: 0.01-0.12%, Mn: 0.012-0.018%, Mg: 0.63-0.65%, Cr: 0.005-0.006%, Zn: 0.04-0.05%, Ti: 0.020-0.024%, Ni: 0.01-0.022%, Sn: 0.005-0.01%, V: 0.018-0.024%, rare earth elements: 0.20-0.26%, graphene: 0.20-0.35%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities.

3. A lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The graphene has a thickness of 5 to 10 nm and a particle size of 80 to 100 nm.

4. A lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The density of the graphene is 2.2 to 2.5 g / cm 3 .

5. A lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rare earth element in step 1 is at least one of Sc, La, Pr, and Nd.

6. A lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the temperature in the smelting furnace is 730-750° C., and the smelting time is 10-12 hours.

7. The lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pouring time in step 2 is ≤3h.

8. The lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of the homogenization heat treatment in step 3 is: heating to 550-650°C at a heating rate of 5-10°C / min and keeping warm for 20-35 minutes, then cooling to 400-450°C at a cooling rate of 8-10°C / min and keeping warm for 20-30 minutes.

9. The lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the quenching treatment in step 4 is 480-550° C., and the quenching time is 5.5-6 hours.

10. The lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of the aging treatment in step 5 is as follows: placing the quenched ingot in a holding furnace at 100-110° C., heating it to 120-125° C. at a rate of 15-20° C. / h, and holding it for 20-22 hours; heating it to 150-155° C. at a rate of 25-30° C. / h; cooling it to 110-120° C. at an average rate of 28-30° C. / h, and holding it for 20-22 hours; and finally naturally cooling it to 50-60° C. in the holding furnace and removing it.

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