Wear-resistant 3D oriented texture capable of controlling abrasive dust on surface of bearing and manufacturing method of wear-resistant 3D oriented texture

Abstract

The invention discloses a wear-resistant 3D oriented texture capable of manipulating abrasive dust on the surface of a bearing and a manufacturing method of the wear-resistant 3D oriented texture, and relates to the technical field of surface treatment of the bearing, the 3D oriented texture comprises a plurality of sawtooth structures arranged on the surface of the bearing, each sawtooth structure comprises a plurality of tooth grooves, each tooth groove comprises a first side wall and a second side wall, the included angle A between the first side wall and the second side wall is an obtuse angle, and the length d1 of the first side wall is smaller than the length d2 of the second side wall. According to the invention, the 3D oriented texture capable of controlling the movement of the abrasive dust particles and forming the friction film is designed on the surface of the bearing steel, so that the purpose of turning waste into wealth is achieved by utilizing the abrasive dust to resist wear.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of surface treatment of bearings, and in particular to a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear debris on a bearing surface and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In many fields such as rail transportation, aerospace, automobiles, energy and chemical industry, friction and wear are the basic contact behaviors of friction pairs in mechanical equipment. As the service conditions of mechanical equipment continue to develop towards extremes, the problem of rapid degradation of bearing service performance or even failure due to friction and wear is becoming more and more serious. Especially under extreme conditions such as high speed, high load and frequent start and stop, the friction interface is prone to "oil starvation" caused by a sharp decrease in fluid supply efficiency, and friction and wear increase significantly. At this time, the accumulation of wear debris can easily destroy the lubricating film and produce a plowing effect, causing further aggravation of wear. In order to meet the growing service needs of high-end equipment for long life and high reliability, the problem of aggravated wear caused by wear debris on the friction interface under extreme working conditions needs to be solved urgently.

[0003] At present, researchers are mainly using the strategy of capturing wear debris through surface texturing to improve the problem of wear debris accumulation exacerbating wear. Studies have found that the wear debris generated by metal friction pairs is rich in metal oxides with anti-wear functions, which can form a friction film to reduce wear. Therefore, it is possible to consider storing excess wear debris through surface texturing, and then migrating a small amount of wear debris to the friction interface, forming a friction film under mechanical-chemical action, and using wear debris to achieve wear resistance. However, while migrating wear debris, it may also aggravate the erosion wear of the surface.

[0004] Sand lizards can traverse the desert at high speeds without suffering severe skin wear. Research has discovered that sand lizards possess a tilted, serrated, 3D microspike structure on their surface, which reduces erosion and wear by controlling the movement of sand particles. Therefore, designing and fabricating 3D oriented textures on bearing surfaces that mimic sand lizards could potentially manipulate the movement of wear debris on the bearing surface, utilizing it for wear resistance while simultaneously mitigating the erosion and wear caused by the debris, achieving highly effective wear resistance and protecting high-carbon chromium, carburized, medium-carbon, stainless, and high-temperature bearing steels. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem in the prior art that the migration of wear debris will aggravate the erosion wear of the surface by arranging multiple serrated structures on the bearing surface. The serrated structures can store excess wear debris and reasonably control part of the wear debris to migrate to the friction interface again to form a friction film.

[0006] First, an embodiment of the present invention provides a 3D oriented texture capable of manipulating the wear resistance of a bearing surface, comprising a plurality of sawtooth structures disposed on the bearing surface, wherein each sawtooth structure comprises a plurality of tooth grooves, each tooth groove comprises a first sidewall and a second sidewall, wherein the angle A between the first sidewall and the second sidewall is an obtuse angle, and the length d1 of the first sidewall is less than the length d2 of the second sidewall. Figure 4 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention designs a 3D oriented texture on the surface of the bearing steel that can manipulate the movement of wear debris particles and form a friction film, aiming to utilize wear debris for anti-wear and achieve the purpose of turning waste into treasure.

[0007] As an optional implementation manner, the plurality of sawtooth structures are arranged in an array, and the distance d3 between two adjacent sawtooth structures is 0.8-1.4 mm.

[0008] As an optional implementation manner, the angle A is 125~145°.

[0009] As an optional implementation manner, the sawtooth angle B of a single tooth groove is 90-150°, the texture width d4 is 150-230 μm, and the texture depth d5 ​​is 15-25 μm.

[0010] Secondly, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear debris and anti-wear on a bearing surface, comprising the following steps: S1: Pre-treat the bearing steel surface, including grinding and polishing, to reduce the surface roughness of the bearing steel to less than 100nm, and then perform ultrasonic cleaning on the polished surface; S2: Based on the 3D orientation texture parameter design, the laser scanning path planning software is used to plan the laser scanning path. The scanning line path is zigzag, and the number of superpositions of the deepest scanning lines ranges from 5 to 26. The superposition number decreases from the deepest to the shallowest to 1, so as to achieve a gradient change in depth. S3: Fabrication of 3D oriented textures using a femtosecond laser processing system; S4: Use detection equipment to detect texture parameters and optimize the laser manufacturing process based on the detection results.

[0011] As an optional implementation, the grinding treatment in S1 includes grinding with sandpaper of different mesh sizes, the polishing treatment includes polishing with diamond polishing paste of different particle sizes, and the ultrasonic cleaning includes ultrasonic cleaning the polished surface with deionized water and ethanol in sequence.

[0012] As an optional implementation, S2 includes using EZ-CAD software to plan the laser scanning path, and the scanning line path is sawtooth-shaped, and the sawtooth angle is 90-150°.

[0013] As an optional implementation method, the process of using a femtosecond laser processing system to manufacture 3D oriented textures described in S3 includes: pulse width 35fs, wavelength 1050nm, repetition frequency 66.7~100kHz, power 1~2W, scanning speed 100mm / s, and scanning line spacing 0.009mm.

[0014] As an optional implementation, the detection equipment in S4 includes a confocal microscope, an ultra-depth-of-field microscope, and a scanning electron microscope.

[0015] As an optional implementation, S3 further includes ultrasonically cleaning the 3D oriented textured surface using ethanol to remove the molten metal attached to the surface.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages and beneficial effects: The present invention creates a 3D oriented texture by creating multiple serrated structures on the bearing surface. This not only captures excess wear debris but also rationally relocates some of it to the friction interface, forming a protective tribofilm. This fully utilizes the anti-wear components of the metal wear debris, achieving highly effective anti-wear properties. Under a load of 5 N and a sliding speed of 96 mm / s, the wear rate of the 3D oriented textured surface is 55.6% lower than that of the polished surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the examples. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope. A person of ordinary skill in the art can also derive other relevant drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sawtooth structure in Example 1 of the present invention, wherein Figure 1 a is a schematic diagram of multiple serrated structures on the bearing surface. Figure 1 b is the cross-sectional structural diagram of the top of the tooth groove; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of laser manufacturing of 3D oriented textured surface in Example 1 of the present invention, wherein Figure 2 a is a single scanning route diagram, Figure 2 b is the scanning spacing diagram, Figure 2 c is the scanning superposition diagram, Figure 2 d is a diagram of the actual scanning operation; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the groove texture surface in Comparative Example 1, where Figure 3 a is the groove texture diagram of the bearing steel surface, Figure 3 b is the texture cross-section; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is the XPS test analysis result diagram of the original bearing plane, where Figure 5 a is Fe 3+ Situation map, Figure 5 b is OH - Ion situation diagram; Figure 6 This is the XPS test analysis result of the groove texture surface, where Figure 6 a is Fe 3+ Ion situation diagram, Figure 6 b is OH - Ion situation diagram; Figure 7 This is the XPS test analysis result of the 3D oriented texture surface, where Figure 7 a is Fe 3+ Ion situation diagram, Figure 7 b is OH - Ion situation diagram.

[0018] Description of Reference Numerals 100 - sawtooth structure, 110 - tooth groove, 111 - first side wall, 112 - second side wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0020] Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided below is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] First, the embodiment of the present invention provides a 3D oriented texture that can control the wear resistance of bearing surface debris. Figure 1As shown, inspired by the ability of sand lizards to control the movement of sand particles and reduce erosion wear through the inclined serrated 3D micro-thorn structure on their body surface, a 3D oriented texture was designed on the surface of bearing steel to manipulate the movement of wear debris particles and form a friction film. The purpose is to use wear debris to resist wear and achieve the goal of turning waste into treasure. The top view of a single texture is serrated, and its cross-section is a non-equilateral inverted triangle with an obtuse bottom angle. The length of one side of the obtuse bottom angle is much longer than the length of the other side. The difference from existing texture designs is that through the parameter optimization design of the 3D oriented texture, not only can excess wear debris be stored, but also some wear debris can be reasonably controlled to migrate to the friction interface again to form a friction film, realizing the use of wear debris to resist wear.

[0022] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 As shown, there can be multiple serrated structures 100 on the bearing surface, each of the serrated structures 100 includes multiple tooth grooves 110, and each of the tooth grooves 110 includes a first side wall 111 and a second side wall 112. The angle A between the first side wall 111 and the second side wall 112 is an obtuse angle, and the length d1 of the first side wall 111 is less than the length d2 of the second side wall 112.

[0023] Preferably, a series of 3D oriented textures with different characteristic parameters are designed, including the sawtooth angle B, texture depth d5, texture width d4, texture bottom angle A, and texture spacing d3. Then, numerical simulation is performed using COMSOL software to count the number of wear debris particles captured by the texture that can be migrated to the friction interface again, and screen 3D oriented textures that may have the function of manipulating wear debris and resisting wear. The parameters of these textures are: sawtooth angle B of 90~150°, texture width d4 of 150~230 μm, texture depth d5 ​​of 15~25 μm, texture bottom angle A of 125~145°, and texture spacing d3 of 1~1.2 mm.

[0024] Secondly, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of manipulating the wear resistance of the bearing surface, comprising the following contents (refer to Figure 2 shown): 1. The bearing steel surface was polished with 800#, 1000#, 2000#, and 3000# grit sandpaper in sequence, and then polished with diamond polishing pastes with particle sizes of 5, 2.5, 1, and 0.5 μm in sequence to reduce the surface roughness to below 100 nm. Finally, the polished surface was ultrasonically cleaned with deionized water and ethanol in sequence to reduce the impact of surface roughness and contaminants on subsequent laser processing. 2. Based on the 3D oriented texture parameter design in step 1, the laser scanning path is planned using EZ-CAD software. The scanning line path is zigzag with a sawtooth angle of 90-150°. The number of superpositions of the scanning line is determined by the change in texture depth. The deepest superposition number is 5-26, and the superposition number decreases from the deepest to the shallowest to 1, so as to achieve a gradient change in depth. 3. A femtosecond laser processing system was used to fabricate 3D oriented textures. The surface of the 3D oriented texture was ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol to remove unstable molten metal. Texture parameters were measured using confocal microscopy, ultra-depth-of-field microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Based on the test results, the laser fabrication process was continuously optimized to produce 3D oriented textures that met the design parameters. The optimized laser fabrication process employed a pulse width of 35 fs, a wavelength of 1050 nm, a repetition rate of 66.7–100 kHz, a power of 1–2 W, a scanning speed of 100 mm / s, and a scan line spacing of 0.009 mm.

[0025] Exemplarily, obtaining the optimal characteristic parameters includes the following steps: 1. Based on a single-factor experimental design, friction and wear tests were conducted to determine the influence of the sawtooth angle on the wear rate of the 3D oriented texture. It was determined that the optimal sawtooth angle B was 90° under the conditions of a load of 5 N and a sliding speed of 96 mm / s. 2. Based on a single-factor experimental design, friction and wear tests were conducted to determine the influence of texture width on the wear rate of 3D oriented textures. It was determined that the optimal texture width d4 was 190 μm under the conditions of a load of 5 N and a sliding speed of 96 mm / s. 3. Based on a single-factor experimental design, friction and wear tests were conducted to determine the influence of texture depth on the wear rate of 3D oriented textures. It was determined that under the conditions of a load of 5 N and a sliding speed of 96 mm / s, the optimal texture depth was 15 μm, and the texture bottom angle A was 145°. 4. Based on a single-factor experimental design, friction and wear tests were conducted to determine the effect of texture spacing on the wear rate of 3D oriented textures. It was determined that the optimal texture spacing d3 was 1 mm under the conditions of a load of 5 N and a sliding speed of 96 mm / s. The optimal parameters for the biomimetic texture are a 90° sawtooth angle B, a 190 μm texture width d4, a 15 μm texture depth d5, a 145° texture bottom angle A, and a 1 mm texture spacing d3. Under this structure, the wear rate of the 3D oriented texture is reduced by 55.6% compared to the polished surface of the original bearing steel. This embodiment of the present invention distributes the 3D oriented texture array on the friction surface of a metal bearing, achieving the purpose of manipulating and utilizing wear debris on the bearing surface for anti-wear purposes.

[0026] Example 1: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture that can control the wear resistance of the bearing surface (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), including the following steps: (1) Select 440C bearing steel substrate, polish it with 800#, 1000#, 2000#, and 3000# grit sandpaper in sequence, then polish it with 5, 2.5, 1, and 0.5 μm diamond polishing paste, and ultrasonically clean it with deionized water and ethanol respectively; (2) Design a 3D oriented texture with a texture sawtooth angle B of 90°, a texture width d4 of 190 μm, a texture depth d5 ​​of 15 μm, a texture bottom angle A of 145°, and a texture spacing d3 of 1 mm; (3) A femtosecond laser manufacturing and processing scanning path for 3D oriented textures was constructed using a femtosecond laser control system. A single scanning line was a zigzag line with a zigzag angle B of 90°. The single zigzag scanning line was arrayed with a line spacing of 0.009 mm and an array number of 18. Starting from the leftmost side, the single scanning line was repeatedly superimposed. From left to right, the number of line superpositions for each line gradually decreased from 9 to 1 in the order of 9, 9, 8, 8…; (4) The following femtosecond laser processing parameters were used to fabricate 3D oriented textures on the bearing surface: pulse width 35 fs, wavelength 1050 nm, repetition rate 66.7 kHz, power 1 W, and scanning speed 100 mm / s; (5) The laser-processed bearing surface with 3D oriented texture obtained in step (4) is ultrasonically cleaned with deionized water and ethanol in sequence to remove small particles of metal melt debris remaining on the surface and inside the texture during the laser removal process.

[0027] Example 2: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), including the following steps: (1) Select 440C bearing steel substrate, polish it with 800#, 1000#, 2000#, and 3000# grit sandpaper in sequence, then polish it with 5, 2.5, 1, and 0.5 μm diamond polishing paste, and ultrasonically clean it with deionized water and ethanol respectively; (2) Design a 3D oriented texture with a texture sawtooth angle B of 120°, a texture width d4 of 190 μm, a texture depth d5 ​​of 15 μm, a texture bottom angle A of 145°, and a texture spacing d3 of 1 mm; (3) A femtosecond laser manufacturing and processing scanning path for 3D oriented textures was constructed using a femtosecond laser control system. A single scanning line was a zigzag line with a zigzag angle B of 120°. The single zigzag scanning line was arrayed with a line spacing of 0.009 mm and an array number of 18. Starting from the leftmost side, the single scanning line was repeatedly superimposed. From left to right, the number of line superpositions for each line gradually decreased from 9 to 1 according to the rule of 9, 9, 8, 8…; (4) The following femtosecond laser processing parameters were used to fabricate 3D oriented textures on the bearing surface: pulse width 35 fs, wavelength 1050 nm, repetition rate 66.7 kHz, power 1 W, and scanning speed 100 mm / s; (5) The laser-processed bearing surface with 3D oriented texture obtained in step (4) is ultrasonically cleaned with deionized water and ethanol in sequence to remove small particles of metal melt debris remaining on the surface and inside the texture during the laser removal process.

[0028] Example 3: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), including the following steps: (1) Select 440C bearing steel substrate, polish it with 800#, 1000#, 2000#, and 3000# grit sandpaper in sequence, then polish it with 5, 2.5, 1, and 0.5 μm diamond polishing paste, and ultrasonically clean it with deionized water and ethanol respectively; (2) Design a 3D oriented texture with a texture sawtooth angle B of 90°, a texture width d4 of 230 μm, a texture depth d5 ​​of 15 μm, a texture bottom angle A of 145°, and a texture spacing d3 of 1 mm; (3) A femtosecond laser manufacturing and processing scanning path for 3D oriented textures was constructed using a femtosecond laser control system. A single scanning line was a zigzag line with a zigzag angle B of 90°. The single zigzag scanning line was arrayed with a line spacing of 0.009 mm and an array number of 22. Starting from the leftmost side, the single scanning line was repeatedly superimposed. From left to right, the number of line superpositions for each line gradually decreased from 22 to 1 according to the rule of 22, 21, 20…; (4) The following femtosecond laser processing parameters were used to fabricate 3D oriented textures on the bearing surface: pulse width 35 fs, wavelength 1050 nm, repetition rate 66.7 kHz, power 1 W, and scanning speed 100 mm / s; (5) The laser-processed bearing surface with 3D oriented texture obtained in step (4) is ultrasonically cleaned with deionized water and ethanol in sequence to remove small particles of metal melt debris remaining on the surface and inside the texture during the laser removal process.

[0029] Example 4: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), including the following steps: (1) Select 440C bearing steel substrate, polish it with 800#, 1000#, 2000#, and 3000# grit sandpaper in sequence, then polish it with 5, 2.5, 1, and 0.5 μm diamond polishing paste, and ultrasonically clean it with deionized water and ethanol respectively; (2) Design a 3D oriented texture with a texture sawtooth angle B of 90°, a texture width d4 of 190 μm, a texture depth d5 ​​of 20 μm, a texture bottom angle A of 130°, and a texture spacing d3 of 1 mm; (3) A femtosecond laser manufacturing and processing scanning path for 3D oriented textures was constructed using a femtosecond laser control system. A single scanning line was a zigzag line with a zigzag angle B of 90°. The single zigzag scanning line was arrayed with a line spacing of 0.009 mm and an array number of 18. Starting from the leftmost side, the single scanning line was repeatedly superimposed. From left to right, the number of line superpositions for each line gradually decreased from 9 to 1 in the order of 9, 9, 8, 8…; (4) The following femtosecond laser processing parameters were used to fabricate 3D oriented textures on the bearing surface: pulse width 35 fs, wavelength 1050 nm, repetition rate 66.7 kHz, power 1.5 W, and scanning speed 100 mm / s; (5) The laser-processed bearing surface with 3D oriented texture obtained in step (4) is ultrasonically cleaned with deionized water and ethanol in sequence to remove small particles of metal melt debris remaining on the surface and inside the texture during the laser removal process.

[0030] Example 5: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), including the following steps: (1) Select 440C bearing steel substrate, polish it with 800#, 1000#, 2000#, and 3000# grit sandpaper in sequence, then polish it with 5, 2.5, 1, and 0.5 μm diamond polishing paste, and ultrasonically clean it with deionized water and ethanol respectively; (2) Design a 3D oriented texture with a texture sawtooth angle B of 90°, a texture width d4 of 190 μm, a texture depth d5 ​​of 15 μm, a texture bottom angle A of 145°, and a texture spacing d3 of 1.2 mm; (3) A femtosecond laser manufacturing and processing scanning path for 3D oriented textures was constructed using a femtosecond laser control system. A single scanning line was a zigzag line with a zigzag angle B of 90°. The single zigzag scanning line was arrayed with a line spacing of 0.009 mm and an array number of 18. Starting from the leftmost side, the single scanning line was repeatedly superimposed. From left to right, the number of line superpositions for each line gradually decreased from 9 to 1 in the order of 9, 9, 8, 8…; (4) The following femtosecond laser processing parameters were used to fabricate 3D oriented textures on the bearing surface: pulse width 35 fs, wavelength 1050 nm, repetition rate 66.7 kHz, power 1 W, and scanning speed 100 mm / s; (5) The laser-processed bearing surface with 3D oriented texture obtained in step (4) is ultrasonically cleaned with deionized water and ethanol in sequence to remove small particles of metal melt debris remaining on the surface and inside the texture during the laser removal process.

[0031] Example 6: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), the difference from Example 1 is that the texture sawtooth angle B is set to 60° by changing the laser processing parameters, and the other steps remain unchanged.

[0032] Example 7: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in FIG, the difference from Example 1 is that the texture sawtooth angle B is set to 150° by changing the laser processing parameters, and the other steps remain unchanged.

[0033] Example 8: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), the difference from Example 1 is that the texture sawtooth angle B is set to 180° by changing the laser processing parameters, and the other steps remain unchanged.

[0034] Example 9: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2), the difference from Example 1 is that the texture bottom angle A is set to 125° by changing the laser processing parameters, and the other steps remain unchanged.

[0035] Example 10: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), the difference from Example 1 is that the texture bottom angle A is set to 115° by changing the laser processing parameters, and the other steps remain unchanged.

[0036] Example 11: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), the difference from Example 1 is that the texture bottom angle A is set to 160° by changing the laser processing parameters, and the other steps remain unchanged.

[0037] Example 12: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), the difference from Example 1 is that the texture spacing d3 is set to 0.8 mm by changing the laser processing parameters, and the other steps remain unchanged.

[0038] Example 13: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), the difference from Example 1 is that the texture spacing d3 is set to 1.4 mm by changing the laser processing parameters, and the other steps remain unchanged.

[0039] Example 14: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), the difference from Example 1 is that the texture width d4 is set to 150 μm by changing the laser processing parameters, and the other steps remain unchanged.

[0040] Example 15: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), the difference from Example 1 is that the texture width d4 is set to 110 μm by changing the laser processing parameters, and the other steps remain unchanged.

[0041] Example 16: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), the difference from Example 1 is that the texture width d4 is set to 270 μm by changing the laser processing parameters, and the other steps remain unchanged.

[0042] Example 17: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), the difference from Example 1 is that the texture depth d5 ​​is set to 10 μm by changing the laser processing parameters, and the other steps remain unchanged.

[0043] Example 18: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), the difference from Example 1 is that the texture depth d5 ​​is set to 25 μm by changing the laser processing parameters, and the other steps remain unchanged.

[0044] Example 19: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear resistance of bearing surface debris (combined with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), the difference from Example 1 is that the texture depth d5 ​​is set to 30 μm by changing the laser processing parameters, and the other steps remain unchanged.

[0045] Comparative Example 1: Provide a groove texture design and laser preparation method (refer to Figure 3 ), including the following steps: (1) Select 440C bearing steel substrate, polish it with 800#, 1000#, 2000#, and 3000# grit sandpaper in sequence, then polish it with 5, 2.5, 1, and 0.5 μm diamond polishing paste, and ultrasonically clean it with deionized water and ethanol respectively; (2) Design a 3D oriented texture with a texture sawtooth angle B* of 90°, a texture width d4* of 190 μm, a texture depth d5* fixed at 15 μm, and a texture spacing d3* of 1 mm; (3) A femtosecond laser manufacturing scanning path for groove texture is constructed through a femtosecond laser control system. A single scanning line is a zigzag line with a zigzag angle B of 90°. The single zigzag scanning line is arrayed with a line spacing of 0.009 mm and each line is superimposed 9 times. (4) The following femtosecond laser processing parameters were used to fabricate groove texture on the bearing steel surface: pulse width 35 fs, wavelength 1050 nm, repetition rate 66.7 kHz, power 1 W, and scanning speed 100 mm / s; (5) The surface of the bearing steel with 3D oriented texture obtained by laser processing in step (4) is ultrasonically cleaned with deionized water and ethanol in sequence to remove small particles of metal melt debris remaining on the surface and inside the texture during the laser material removal process.

[0046] Test detection: Under the working conditions of 5 N and 96 mm / s, tribological tests were carried out on the 3D oriented textured bearing surfaces of Examples 1-19 and the groove textured bearing steel surface in Comparative Example 1 using a friction and wear testing machine. The wear rate in Example 1 was reduced by about 55.6% compared with the polished plane of the bearing steel, the wear rate in Example 2 was reduced by about 41.8% compared with the polished plane of the bearing steel, the wear rate in Example 3 was reduced by about 38.6% compared with the polished plane of the bearing steel, the wear rate in Example 4 was reduced by about 52.1% compared with the polished plane of the bearing steel, the wear rate in Example 5 was reduced by about 32.2% compared with the polished plane of the bearing steel, the wear rate in Example 6 was reduced by about 43.6% compared with the polished plane of the bearing steel, the wear rate in Example 7 was reduced by about 37.5% compared with the polished plane of the bearing steel, the wear rate in Example 8 was reduced by about 36.6% compared with the polished plane of the bearing steel, and the wear rate in Example 9 was reduced by about 1.5% compared with the polished plane of the bearing steel. The wear rate of the polished surface of the bearing steel was reduced by about 35.7%. In Example 10, the wear rate was reduced by about 31.5% compared with the polished surface of the bearing steel. In Example 11, the wear rate was reduced by about 23.0% compared with the polished surface of the bearing steel. In Example 12, the wear rate was reduced by about 32.6% compared with the polished surface of the bearing steel. In Example 13, the wear rate was reduced by about 21.5% compared with the polished surface of the bearing steel. In Example 14, the wear rate was reduced by about 32.6% compared with the polished surface of the bearing steel. In Example 15, the wear rate was reduced by about 28.4% compared with the polished surface of the bearing steel. In Example 16, the wear rate was reduced by about 33.6% compared with the polished surface of the bearing steel. In Example 17, the wear rate was reduced by about 23.0% compared with the polished surface of the bearing steel. In Example 18, the wear rate was reduced by about 35.7% compared with the polished surface of the bearing steel. In Example 19, the wear rate was reduced by about 31.5% compared with the polished surface of the bearing steel. It can be seen that the bionic 3D oriented textures all have a certain anti-wear effect, but the anti-wear ability of the bionic 3D oriented textures with parameters exceeding the established range is significantly weakened.

[0047] Tribological tests were conducted on a polished bearing steel surface, a comparative grooved texture surface (Comparative Example 1), and a biomimetic 3D oriented texture surface (Example 1) using a friction and wear tester under 10 N and 96 mm / s conditions. The results showed that the grooved texture surface reduced wear by only approximately 14.4% compared to the polished bearing steel surface, while the biomimetic texture surface reduced wear by approximately 47.5%, indicating that the depth gradient variation of the biomimetic 3D oriented texture plays a significant role in its wear resistance. During the experiment, because the groove texture's width, angle, and maximum depth were consistent with those of the 3D oriented texture surface, the grooved texture surface had a chip volume approximately twice that of the biomimetic texture surface. However, despite having a stronger chip storage capacity, its wear rate was much higher than that of the 3D oriented texture surface, indicating that the wear resistance of the 3D oriented texture surface is unrelated to the texture's chip storage capacity. The wear scar width on the 3D textured surface is approximately 400 μm, while the minimum linear spacing between adjacent textures is 1000 μm. This indicates that when the ball moves across the texture to the center of the adjacent texture, it does not come into contact with the texture and is relatively far away. Therefore, the anti-wear function of the 3D textured surface is unrelated to the possible hydrodynamic effects of the texture and the mechanism of dispersing contact stress. The secondary lubrication effect generally exists under "oil-starved" conditions, exerting its synergistic role in supplementary lubrication. However, sufficient lubricant was added before the friction test to fully wet the ball-surface friction test area, and sufficient lubricant was still present on the surface after the test. This indicates that the anti-wear mechanism of the 3D textured surface does not involve secondary lubrication.

[0048] XPS was used to analyze the chemical composition of the wear area of ​​the polished surface of the bearing steel, the comparative groove texture surface and the bionic 3D oriented texture surface. The results are as follows: Figure 5-7 As shown. It can be seen that the FeOOH on the 3D oriented texture surface is significantly more than that on the polished plane and groove texture surface, which indicates that the 3D oriented structure of the embodiment of the present invention has the function of controlling the migration of wear debris, and can bring some wear debris temporarily stored in the texture into the friction interface under the flow of lubricating fluid (the principle is referred to Figure 4 Due to the presence of lubricant (water), Fe and its oxides in the wear debris deposited on the friction interface undergo tribochemical reactions under the action of mechanical sliding and extrusion to generate more metal oxide friction protective films such as Fe2O3 and FeOOH with anti-wear functions, thereby significantly reducing the wear of the bionic 3D oriented textured surface.

[0049] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear debris on a bearing surface, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of sawtooth structures (100) arranged on a bearing surface, wherein each of the sawtooth structures (100) comprises a plurality of tooth grooves (110), and each of the tooth grooves (110) comprises a first side wall (111) and a second side wall (112), wherein an angle A between the first side wall (111) and the second side wall (112) is an obtuse angle, and a length d1 of the first side wall (111) is less than a length d2 of the second side wall (112).

2. The 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear debris and anti-wear on the bearing surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of sawtooth structures (100) are arranged in an array, and the distance d3 between two adjacent sawtooth structures (100) is 1-1.2 mm.

3. The 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear and tear on the bearing surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle A is 125-145°.

4. The 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear and tear on bearing surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sawtooth angle B of a single tooth groove (110) is 90-150°, the texture width d4 is 150-230 μm, and the texture depth d5 ​​is 15-25 μm.

5. A method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear debris and anti-wear on a bearing surface according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Pre-treat the bearing steel surface, including grinding and polishing, to reduce the surface roughness of the bearing steel to less than 100nm, and then perform ultrasonic cleaning on the polished surface; S2: Based on the 3D orientation texture parameter design, the laser scanning path planning software is used to plan the laser scanning path. The scanning line path is zigzag, and the number of superpositions of the deepest scanning lines ranges from 5 to 26. The superposition number decreases from the deepest to the shallowest to 1, so as to achieve a gradient change in depth. S3: Fabrication of 3D oriented textures using a femtosecond laser processing system; S4: Use detection equipment to detect texture parameters and optimize the laser manufacturing process based on the detection results.

6. The method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear debris and anti-wear on a bearing surface according to claim 5, characterized in that: The grinding process in S1 includes grinding with sandpaper of different mesh sizes, the polishing process includes polishing with diamond polishing paste of different particle sizes, and the ultrasonic cleaning includes ultrasonic cleaning the polished surface with deionized water and ethanol in sequence.

7. The method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear debris and anti-wear on a bearing surface according to claim 5, characterized in that: S2 includes using EZ-CAD software to plan the laser scanning path. The scanning line path is zigzag with a sawtooth angle of 90 to 150 degrees.

8. The method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear debris and anti-wear on a bearing surface according to claim 5, characterized in that: The process of manufacturing 3D oriented texture using a femtosecond laser processing system as described in S3 includes: pulse width 35fs, wavelength 1050nm, repetition frequency 66.7~100kHz, power 1~2W, scanning speed 100mm / s, and scanning line spacing 0.009mm.

9. The method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear debris and anti-wear on a bearing surface according to claim 5, characterized in that: The detection equipment described in S4 includes a confocal microscope, an ultra-depth-of-field microscope, and a scanning electron microscope.

10. The method for manufacturing a 3D oriented texture capable of controlling wear debris and anti-wear on a bearing surface according to claim 5, characterized in that: S3 also includes ultrasonic cleaning of the 3D oriented textured surface using ethanol to remove the molten metal attached to the surface.

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