A pneumatic chamber press for stone processing

Abstract

This invention discloses a pneumatic chamber press for stone processing, designed in the field of stone processing technology. It includes a frame, base plate, conveying mechanism, vacuum frame, press head, vibrating motor, and guide columns. The press head is slidably mounted on the vacuum frame to form a pneumatic chamber. Static pressure is provided by filling the pneumatic chamber with air, while dynamic pressure is provided by the vibrating motor. The innovation lies in the addition of a pressure release rate control system: a data acquisition module acquires raw material parameters (viscosity, humidity, aggregate particle size), device parameters (press head parallelism, guide column perpendicularity), and real-time pressure data; raw material analysis and device analysis modules output coefficients; a pressure analysis module integrates dual pressure, vacuum efficiency, and coefficients to generate pressure analysis coefficients; and a pressure release rate model dynamically adjusts the pressure release rate accordingly. This invention achieves adaptive control of the pressure release process, improving the quality and yield of stone forming.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of stone processing technology, and particularly relates to a pneumatic chamber press for stone processing. Background Technology

[0002] If the pressure release rate is not properly controlled during the pressing and forming of stone, it can easily lead to damage to the internal structure of the formed stone (such as cracks and deformation). Traditional presses rely heavily on manual experience or fixed pressure release procedures, making it difficult to dynamically adapt to changes in raw material characteristics (such as viscosity, humidity, and aggregate particle size) and equipment conditions (parallelism of the press head, verticality of the guide column). Current technology lacks a precise control mechanism for the pressure release rate under the combined effect of static and dynamic pressure, resulting in low finished product qualification rates and limited production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a pneumatic chamber press for stone processing, which solves the aforementioned problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a pneumatic chamber press for stone processing, comprising a frame, a base plate mounted on the frame, and a conveying mechanism, and further comprising:

[0005] The vacuum frame is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the linear motion component mounted on the base plate and is used for vacuuming.

[0006] The pressure head is slidably mounted on the vacuum frame and has an air cavity between it and the vacuum frame. It is used to provide static pressure to the stone material located below the pressure head and filled in the mold.

[0007] A vibratory motor, mounted above the pressure head, is used to provide dynamic pressure to the stone material located below the pressure head and filled in the mold;

[0008] The guide post is fixedly installed on the base plate and slides relative to the vacuum frame to guide the vacuum frame.

[0009] It also includes a pressure release rate control system for dynamically regulating the pressure release rate of the stone raw material undergoing pressure molding, including:

[0010] The data acquisition module is used to acquire basic data on raw materials, basic data on equipment, and pressure data.

[0011] The raw material analysis module constructs a raw material basic analysis model based on the raw material basic data and outputs the raw material basic coefficients;

[0012] The device analysis module constructs a device basic analysis model based on the device's basic data and outputs the device's basic coefficients.

[0013] The pressure analysis module constructs a pressure analysis model based on the current raw material basic coefficient, equipment basic coefficient, raw material particle size, and static and dynamic pressure under vacuum efficiency, and outputs pressure analysis coefficients.

[0014] The pressure release rate adjustment module constructs a pressure release rate model based on the current pressure analysis coefficients and outputs the target pressure release rate.

[0015] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention also provides the following optional technical solutions:

[0016] Further technical solutions: The basic data of the raw materials include the viscosity, humidity, temperature and particle size of the raw materials; the basic data of the device includes the parallelism of the pressure head and the verticality of the guide column; and the pressure data includes dynamic pressure and static pressure.

[0017] Further technical solution: The working mode of the raw material analysis module is as follows:

[0018] The viscosity index is obtained by comparing the viscosity with the reference viscosity, and the humidity index and viscosity index are obtained by applying maximum-minimum normalization to the temperature and humidity.

[0019] A basic analysis model for raw materials is constructed based on viscosity index, humidity index, and temperature index, and the basic coefficients of raw materials are output.

[0020] The raw material fundamental analysis model is expressed as follows:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, K mat The base coefficient of the raw material is represented by α, and the viscosity decay index is represented by μ. ind ω represents the viscosity index. ind Indicates humidity index, ω ref T represents the reference humidity index. ind Indicates the temperature index, a i Denotes the weight and ∑a i =1.

[0023] Further technical solution: The operation mode of the device analysis module is as follows:

[0024] The parallelism of the pressure head and the perpendicularity of the guide post are compared with their respective maximum allowable values ​​to obtain the parallelism index and the perpendicularity index.

[0025] Based on the parallelism index and verticality index, a foundation analysis model for the device is constructed, and the foundation coefficients of the device are output.

[0026] The basic analytical model of the device is represented as follows:

[0027]

[0028] Among them, K eq θ represents the basic coefficient of the device. p Represents the parallelism index, θ v b1 and b2 represent the verticality index and the weighting coefficients, respectively.

[0029] Further technical solution: The pressure analysis module operates as follows:

[0030] The aggregate particle size index is obtained by comparing the aggregate particle size with the reference particle size.

[0031] The aggregate particle size index, air extraction efficiency, equipment foundation coefficient, and raw material foundation coefficient are imported into the constructed pressure analysis model to output the pressure analysis coefficient.

[0032] The pressure analysis coefficient is expressed as:

[0033]

[0034] Among them, M p K represents the pressure analysis coefficient. eq P represents the basic coefficient of the device. s d represents static pressure. ind Indicates the aggregate particle size index, η vac Indicates the pumping efficiency (η) vac ∈[0,1], P d K represents dynamic pressure. mat c represents the basic coefficient of raw materials. i Denotes the weights and ∑c i =1.

[0035] A further technical solution: The pressure release rate model is expressed as follows:

[0036]

[0037] Among them, v tar Indicates the target pressure release rate, v max M represents the maximum permissible pressure release rate. p The pressure analysis coefficient is represented by τ, and the attenuation constant is represented by v. safe This indicates the lower limit of the safe release rate.

[0038] A further technical solution: gas cavities are symmetrically opened on both sides of the base plate, and the gas cavities interact with the external environment through air holes A and B opened on the base plate.

[0039] A further technical solution: the air hole A connects the vacuum frame and the gas cavity through pipe A, and a valve A is installed inside the air hole A; the air hole B connects the mold and the gas cavity through pipe B, and a valve B is installed inside the air hole B.

[0040] Further technical solution: The conveying mechanism includes a conveyor belt, pulleys, guide wheels and a mounting frame. Two sets of guide wheels are symmetrically installed on both sides of the base plate. The pulleys and guide wheels are rotatably installed on the mounting frame. The conveyor belt is installed on the two sets of pulleys and the guide wheels are connected by the conveyor belt drive. The drive assembly for driving the pulleys to rotate is installed on the mounting frame.

[0041] A further technical solution: The dynamic pressure can be obtained by acquiring the vibration acceleration through an acceleration sensor installed on the pressure head, and then calculated according to formula F. dp =ma, where m represents the mass of the pressure head and a represents the acceleration.

[0042] Beneficial effects

[0043] This invention provides a pneumatic chamber press for stone processing, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0044] 1. By using a pressure release rate control system, the optimal pressure relief rate is dynamically calculated by comprehensively considering the characteristics of raw materials (viscosity, humidity, temperature, aggregate particle size), equipment status (parallelism of pressure head, verticality of guide column) and real-time pressure data (static pressure, dynamic pressure), thereby achieving dynamic and precise pressure relief and significantly reducing the defect rate.

[0045] 2. By combining static pressure molding with the dynamic pressure provided by the vibration motor, the density of the raw materials is improved; the contribution of the two pressures is quantified through a pressure analysis model to ensure the accuracy of the release rate decision and achieve synergistic optimization of the two pressures.

[0046] 3. The raw material analysis module and the device analysis module correct the pressure release rate model in real time. The pressure release rate model takes into account both efficiency and safety, and has strong adaptability, avoiding structural collapse caused by excessive pressure release.

[0047] 4. The air chamber design (vacuum frame + pressure head) combined with the gas cavity of the base plate and valve control pipeline enables integrated operation of vacuuming, pressurizing and depressurizing, improving production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mold structure in this invention.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure release rate control system of the present invention.

[0052] Figure reference numerals: 1. Conveying mechanism; 101. Conveyor belt; 102. Pulley; 103. Guide wheel; 104. Mounting frame; 105. Drive assembly; 2. Vacuum frame; 3. Pressure head; 4. Base plate; 5. Guide column; 6. Linear motion component; 7. Vibration motor; 8. Air hole A; 9. Air hole B; 10. Mold. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0054] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0055] Please see Figures 1-4 According to one embodiment of the present invention, a pneumatic chamber press for stone processing includes a frame (not shown in the figure), a base plate 4 mounted on the frame, and a conveying mechanism 1, and further includes:

[0056] The vacuum frame 2 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the linear motion component 6 mounted on the base plate 4, and is used for vacuuming.

[0057] The pressure head 3 is slidably mounted on the vacuum frame 2 and has an air cavity between it and the vacuum frame 2. It is used to provide static pressure to the stone raw material located below the pressure head 3 and filled in the mold 10.

[0058] Vibration motor 7 is installed above the pressure head 3 and is used to provide dynamic pressure to the stone raw material located below the pressure head 3 and filled in the mold 10;

[0059] The guide post 5 is fixedly installed on the base plate 4 and slides relative to the vacuum frame 2, and is used to guide the vacuum frame 2.

[0060] The base plate 4 has symmetrically arranged gas cavities on both sides (not shown in the figure). The gas cavities interact with the external environment through air holes A8 and B9 on the base plate 4. Air hole A8 connects the vacuum frame 2 to the gas cavity through pipe A and a valve A is installed inside it. Air hole B9 connects the mold 10 to the gas cavity through pipe B and a valve B is installed inside it. The purpose of this arrangement is to use the vacuum frame 2 to extract gas from the raw material inside the mold 10.

[0061] The conveying mechanism 1 includes a conveyor belt 101, pulleys 102, guide wheels 103, and a mounting frame 104. Two sets of guide wheels 103 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the base plate 4. The pulleys 102 and guide wheels 103 are rotatably installed on the mounting frame 104. The conveyor belt 101 is connected to the two sets of pulleys 102 and guide wheels 103 through the conveyor belt 101. A drive assembly 105 for driving the pulleys 102 to rotate is installed on the mounting frame 104. The purpose of this arrangement is to use the drive assembly 105 to drive the pulleys 102 to rotate, thereby causing the conveyor belt 101 to move, and thus realize the conveying of materials located on the conveyor belt 101 to the area below the pressure head 3.

[0062] In this embodiment of the invention, the mold 10 containing raw materials is conveyed to the bottom of the pressure head 3 by the conveying mechanism 1. At this time, the mold 10 and the vacuum frame 2 are connected by pipes A and B. The linear motion component 6 drives the vacuum frame 2 and the pressure head 3 to move downward as a whole, causing the vacuum frame 2 to contact the mold 10 and seal the mold 10. The vacuum frame 2 is then activated to evacuate the raw materials in the mold 10. At this time, the external air supply device is turned on to fill the air chamber, causing the pressure head 3 to move linearly in the vertical direction relative to the vacuum frame 2. The pressure head 3 is then embedded in the mold 10 and moves linearly along the mold 10, providing static pressure to the raw materials (this static pressure can be detected in real time by the piezoelectric film sensor installed on the pressure head 3) until the target static pressure is reached. At this time, the vibration motor 7 is started to drive the pressure head 3 to vibrate and provide dynamic pressure to the raw materials until the raw materials reach the predetermined molding time. At this time, the vibration motor 7 is turned off and the air supply device is turned on to release the pressure in the air chamber. The gas pressure sensor is used to detect the gas pressure in the air chamber in real time.

[0063] Preferably, it also includes a pressure release rate control system for dynamically regulating the pressure release rate of the stone raw material undergoing pressure molding, including:

[0064] The data acquisition module is used to acquire basic data on raw materials, basic data on equipment, and pressure data.

[0065] The raw material analysis module constructs a raw material basic analysis model based on the raw material basic data and outputs the raw material basic coefficients;

[0066] The device analysis module constructs a device basic analysis model based on the device's basic data and outputs the device's basic coefficients.

[0067] The pressure analysis module constructs a pressure analysis model based on the current raw material basic coefficient, equipment basic coefficient, raw material particle size, and static and dynamic pressure under vacuum efficiency, and outputs pressure analysis coefficients.

[0068] The pressure release rate adjustment module constructs a pressure release rate model based on the current pressure analysis coefficients and outputs the target pressure release rate.

[0069] Specifically, during equipment operation, the vacuum frame moves downward along the guide pillar to contact the mold 10, and the vibration motor drives the pressure head to apply compound pressure to the raw material. During the vacuuming process, a negative pressure gradient is formed in the air chamber, promoting the close arrangement of raw material particles. The data acquisition module acquires raw material viscosity, temperature, and equipment parallelism parameters in real time; the raw material analysis module calculates the material flowability coefficient; and the device analysis module evaluates mechanical efficiency based on geometric deviations. The pressure analysis module integrates particle size, vacuum efficiency, and compound pressure data, outputting a pressure release baseline value. The rate adjustment module dynamically adjusts the pressure relief valve opening within a safe range based on the baseline value, synchronizing the pressure gradient change with the raw material solidification process.

[0070] Compared to existing technologies, traditional equipment relies solely on preset time-pressure curves for pressure relief control, neglecting the impact of raw material ratio fluctuations on the molding process. This solution establishes a mathematical model of raw material characteristics, equipment status, and pressure release rate to achieve automatic matching of pressure relief parameters with real-time operating conditions. In existing technologies, vibration pressure and static pressure act independently; this solution utilizes an air chamber structure to achieve coordinated transmission of both pressures, coupled with multi-dimensional data analysis to optimize the pressure relief trajectory.

[0071] The raw material basic data includes the viscosity, humidity, temperature, and aggregate particle size of the raw materials; the device basic data includes the parallelism of the pressure head 3 and the perpendicularity of the guide column 5; the pressure data includes dynamic pressure and static pressure. The dynamic pressure can be obtained by acquiring the vibration acceleration from the acceleration sensor installed on the pressure head 3 and then applying the formula F... dp =ma, where m represents the mass of the pressure head 3 and a represents the acceleration.

[0072] Viscosity refers to the quantitative index of raw material flow resistance, specifically measured using a rotational viscometer. It reflects the flow characteristics of the raw material under pressure, overcoming the limitation of traditional methods in quantifying the physical properties of raw materials. Humidity refers to the percentage of water content in the raw material, specifically measured using a humidity sensor. It assesses the impact of moisture on the molding process, avoiding internal defects caused by excessively high or low humidity. Temperature refers to the ambient temperature of the raw material, specifically measured using a thermocouple. It regulates the distribution of thermal stress during molding, reducing cracks caused by temperature gradients. Aggregate particle size refers to the particle size distribution of solid particles in the raw material, specifically measured using a laser particle size analyzer. It optimizes the filling density between particles, improving the structural strength of the molded stone. Indenter parallelism refers to the parallelism between the indenter's working surface and the base plate, specifically detected using a laser interferometer. It ensures uniform pressure application and prevents stress concentration caused by indenter tilt. Guide post verticality refers to the vertical deviation between the guide post axis and the base plate, specifically measured using an electronic level. It maintains the accuracy of the vacuum frame's movement trajectory, avoiding mechanical jamming or wear. Dynamic pressure is calculated using an accelerometer combined with the mass of the pressure head. Specifically, a piezoelectric accelerometer can be used to collect vibration signals in real time to accurately quantify the dynamic impact energy applied by the vibration motor, providing accurate input for the pressure release model.

[0073] Specifically, by collecting multi-dimensional data on viscosity, humidity, temperature, and aggregate particle size, a correlation model between raw material characteristics and molding process is constructed, enabling dynamic quantitative analysis of raw material physical parameters. Data on the parallelism of the indenter head and the perpendicularity of the guide pillars are used to assess the mechanical condition of the equipment, establish the mechanism by which the operating accuracy of the device affects pressure distribution, and eliminate pressure application deviations caused by equipment deformation. Accelerometers monitor vibration acceleration in real time, and combined with the known mass of the indenter head, calculate the dynamic pressure, accurately reflecting the dynamic load generated by the vibration motor, providing key input parameters for subsequent pressure release rate control. Through the synergistic analysis of the above parameters, a comprehensive evaluation system of raw material characteristics, equipment condition, and pressure data is formed, dynamically matching the pressure release rate with actual operating conditions.

[0074] Compared to existing technologies, traditional presses rely on fixed pressure relief procedures or manual experience, failing to respond in real time to fluctuations in raw material viscosity, changes in humidity, differences in aggregate distribution, and changes in equipment mechanical condition, leading to a mismatch between pressure relief rate and operating conditions. This solution introduces a multi-parameter dynamic monitoring and quantitative analysis mechanism, incorporating raw material physical properties, equipment operating accuracy, and dynamic pressure parameters into a unified calculation model. This enables adaptive adjustment of the pressure release rate, effectively overcoming the negative impacts of empirical estimation errors and equipment condition drift.

[0075] Through the above technical solutions, this application can automatically adjust the pressure relief rate according to the raw material viscosity to avoid sudden changes in flow stress, regulate the pressure relief curve based on humidity data to prevent structural loosening caused by moisture migration, optimize the release of thermal stress during the pressure relief process by combining temperature changes, and ensure the bonding strength between particles by matching the pressure relief rate based on aggregate particle size. Simultaneously, through real-time monitoring of the parallelism of the pressure head and the perpendicularity of the guide column, the influence of equipment mechanical errors on pressure distribution is dynamically corrected. Combined with precise calculation of dynamic pressure, this achieves accurate control of the pressure relief rate under the coupling effect of static and dynamic pressure, significantly reducing the risk of internal cracks and deformation in the formed stone.

[0076] Preferably, the raw material analysis module operates as follows:

[0077] The viscosity index is obtained by comparing the viscosity with the reference viscosity, and the humidity index and viscosity index are obtained by applying maximum-minimum normalization to the temperature and humidity.

[0078] A basic analysis model for raw materials is constructed based on viscosity index, humidity index, and temperature index, and the basic coefficients of raw materials are output.

[0079] The raw material fundamental analysis model is expressed as follows:

[0080]

[0081] Among them, K mat The base coefficient of the raw material is represented by α, and the viscosity decay index is represented by μ. ind ω represents the viscosity index. ind Indicates humidity index, ω ref T represents the reference humidity index. ind Indicates the temperature index, a i Denotes the weight and ∑a i =1.

[0082] The viscosity index refers to the ratio of the actual viscosity of the raw material to a preset reference viscosity. This can be achieved by dividing the actual viscosity measured by a viscosity sensor by the reference viscosity stored in a database, quantifying the differences in flowability among different raw materials. The humidity index maps humidity data to the [0,1] range using a maximum-minimum normalization method. This can be achieved by scaling humidity data according to the range ratio after data collection using a humidity sensor, eliminating dimensional differences and characterizing the moisture content of the raw material. The temperature index maps temperature data to the [0,1] range using a maximum-minimum normalization method. This can be achieved by linearly transforming temperature data according to a preset temperature range after data collection using a temperature sensor, reflecting the influence of the raw material's thermodynamic state on the molding process. The viscosity decay index is a parameter used to adjust the degree of viscosity decay of the raw material's base coefficient. This can be set after experimentally calibrating the viscosity sensitivity of different raw material types, enhancing the suppression of pressure release rate by high-viscosity raw materials.

[0083] Specifically, viscosity measurement data is first compared with a preset reference value to generate a dimensionless viscosity index to reflect the relative change in raw material flowability. Raw humidity and temperature data are normalized by range to eliminate dimensional differences, generating humidity and temperature indices respectively. During model construction, the viscosity index reflects its nonlinear effect on raw material flowability through an exponential decay term, the humidity index reflects the negative effect of moisture content deviating from the ideal value through an absolute deviation term, and the temperature index characterizes its promoting effect on the molding process through a linear term. The introduction of weighting coefficients allows the model to adjust the contribution of each parameter according to the raw material type; for example, the weight of a3 can be increased for temperature-sensitive raw materials.

[0084] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods rely on manual experience to set fixed parameters, failing to quantify the dynamic changes in raw material properties. This solution establishes a multi-parameter coupled mathematical model, transforming heterogeneous data such as viscosity, humidity, and temperature into unified analytical coefficients, thus addressing the impact of raw material property fluctuations on pressure release rates. Existing technologies lack consideration of the absolute value of humidity deviation, while this solution addresses this by using (1-|ω... ind -ω ref The |) item effectively suppressed molding defects caused by humidity deviation from the reference value.

[0085] Through the above technical solutions, this application achieves multi-dimensional quantitative analysis of raw material properties, enabling the pressure release rate to dynamically adapt to combinations of different viscosities, humidity, and temperature conditions. By leveraging the synergistic effect of exponential decay and linear terms, the model accurately captures the hindering effect of high-viscosity raw materials on pressure release and the promoting effect of temperature increases on molding efficiency. The inclusion of a humidity deviation term effectively reduces internal stress abrupt changes caused by moisture content fluctuations, thereby avoiding crack defects due to abnormal humidity. The adjustable weighting coefficients further expand the model's adaptability to different types of raw materials, providing a reliable data foundation for precise control of the pressure release rate.

[0086] Preferably, the operation mode of the device analysis module is as follows:

[0087] The parallelism of the pressure head 3 and the perpendicularity of the guide post 5 are compared with their respective maximum allowable values ​​to obtain the parallelism index and the perpendicularity index.

[0088] Based on the parallelism index and verticality index, a foundation analysis model for the device is constructed, and the foundation coefficients of the device are output.

[0089] The basic analytical model of the device is represented as follows:

[0090]

[0091] Among them, K eqθ represents the basic coefficient of the device. p Represents the parallelism index, θ v b1 and b2 represent the verticality index and the weighting coefficients, respectively.

[0092] Among them, the parallelism of the indenter head refers to the parallelism between the working surface of the indenter head and the reference surface. Specifically, actual parallelism data can be obtained using a laser measuring instrument. The ratio of the actual value to the maximum allowable value is converted into a parallelism index, which is used to quantify the impact of indenter head installation deviation on pressure distribution. The perpendicularity of the guide post refers to the perpendicularity between the guide post axis and the reference surface. Specifically, actual perpendicularity data can be measured using an inclination sensor. The ratio of the actual value to the maximum allowable value is converted into a perpendicularity index, which reflects the impact of guide post guiding accuracy on the stability of the vacuum frame movement. The squared terms in the device foundation analysis model are used to enhance the nonlinear impact on device stability when parallelism and perpendicularity deviations increase. Weighting coefficients are used to distinguish the differences in the contributions of parallelism and perpendicularity to the device foundation coefficients.

[0093] Specifically, the device analysis module converts the parallelism of the pressure head and the perpendicularity of the guide column into dimensionless exponents, eliminating the impact of dimensional differences on model calculations. The parallelism and perpendicularity exponents are input into the model via squared terms. When wear occurs in the pressure head or guide column during equipment operation, leading to increased deviations, the squared terms cause the device's fundamental coefficients to exhibit an accelerated decay trend, thus triggering a larger rate reduction in the subsequent pressure release rate model. The weighting coefficients can be adjusted according to the equipment type; for example, the perpendicularity weight can be increased for high-precision presses, while the parallelism weight can be increased for large-size presses, achieving differentiated compensation for factors affecting device status.

[0094] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods typically only assess equipment status using threshold judgments or linear compensation, failing to reflect the nonlinear impact of mechanical deviations on the pressure release rate. This solution introduces a quadratic term model to significantly reduce the device's foundation coefficient when parallelism or perpendicularity approaches allowable limits. This enables the pressure release rate adjustment module to intervene early to suppress the rate, preventing uncontrolled pressure release caused by sudden mechanical deviations.

[0095] Through the above technical solution, this application can dynamically adjust the device foundation coefficient according to the actual state of the pressure head and guide column, and automatically reduce the pressure release rate when mechanical deviation occurs in the equipment, so as to prevent uneven pressure distribution in the air cavity caused by the tilt of the pressure head or the displacement of the guide column, thereby avoiding cracks or deformation in the molded stone due to sudden changes in local stress.

[0096] Preferably, the pressure analysis module operates as follows:

[0097] The aggregate particle size index is obtained by comparing the aggregate particle size with the reference particle size.

[0098] The aggregate particle size index, air extraction efficiency, equipment foundation coefficient, and raw material foundation coefficient are imported into the constructed pressure analysis model to output the pressure analysis coefficient.

[0099] The pressure analysis coefficient is expressed as:

[0100]

[0101] Among them, M p K represents the pressure analysis coefficient. eq P represents the basic coefficient of the device. s d represents static pressure. ind Indicates the aggregate particle size index, η vac Indicates the pumping efficiency (η) vac ∈[0,1], P d K represents dynamic pressure. mat c represents the basic coefficient of raw materials. i Denotes the weights and ∑c i =1.

[0102] Among them, the aggregate particle size index refers to the ratio of the actual aggregate particle size to the preset reference particle size. Specifically, it can be calculated by comparing the aggregate particle size measured by a laser particle size analyzer with the standard particle size stored in a database, and is used to quantify the impact of raw material particle size on pressure transmission efficiency. The device foundation coefficient is a comprehensive index reflecting the parallelism of the pressure head and the perpendicularity of the guide column, used to characterize the constraint of equipment mechanical precision on pressure release stability. The pumping efficiency is the ratio of the actual pumping rate of the vacuum system to the theoretical maximum rate, specifically calculated dynamically through vacuum pump operating parameters and pressure sensor feedback data, used to measure the supporting capacity of the vacuum chamber establishment speed for static pressure transmission. The hyperbolic tangent function is a mathematical processing method that performs nonlinear transformation on the raw material foundation coefficient, used to suppress model output oscillations caused by abrupt changes in raw material characteristics.

[0103] Specifically, during the stone pressing process, the aggregate particle size index, reflecting the raw material particle size distribution characteristics, directly affects the uniformity of static pressure transmission within the mold 10. When the aggregate particle size increases, the static pressure transmission efficiency decreases. At this point, the pressure analysis model automatically increases the required pressure release rate through the denominator parameter in the linear term. The device foundation coefficient, as the model's reference parameter, is the reciprocal of the weighted sum of the squares of the indenter parallelism deviation and the guide column perpendicularity error. This ensures that the pressure analysis coefficient decreases synchronously when the equipment's mechanical precision declines, thereby triggering a compensatory adjustment of the pressure release rate. The product of static pressure and pumping efficiency reflects the synergistic effect of the vacuum system on pressure maintenance, while the ratio of dynamic pressure to static pressure characterizes the proportion of vibration energy in the total pressure. Both, balanced by weighting coefficients, together constitute the dynamic adjustment basis for pressure release. The raw material foundation coefficient, after processing with a hyperbolic tangent function, transforms the nonlinear effects of raw material viscosity, humidity, and other characteristics into a smooth output, avoiding drastic fluctuations in the pressure release rate due to sudden changes in raw material parameters.

[0104] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods control the pressure relief rate based solely on fixed thresholds or single pressure parameters, failing to adapt to the impact of aggregate particle size variations on the pressure transmission path and neglecting the attenuation of pressure transmission efficiency due to equipment mechanical wear. This solution constructs a multi-parameter coupled model, incorporating raw material particle size, equipment precision, vacuum efficiency, and the ratio of dynamic to static pressure into a unified calculation framework. This allows the adjustment of the pressure relief rate to respond in real-time to fluctuations in raw material characteristics and changes in equipment status during production.

[0105] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the problem of uneven static pressure distribution caused by differences in aggregate particle size, and eliminates the negative impact of decreased equipment mechanical precision on pressure release stability. By dynamically balancing the energy ratio of dynamic pressure and static pressure, it avoids stress concentration inside the formed stone caused by residual vibration energy. Ultimately, it achieves precise matching between the pressure release rate and raw material characteristics, equipment status, and process parameters, significantly reducing the probability of internal cracks and structural deformation in the formed stone.

[0106] The pressure release rate model is expressed as follows:

[0107]

[0108] Among them, v tar Indicates the target pressure release rate, v max M represents the maximum permissible pressure release rate. p The pressure analysis coefficient is represented by τ, which represents the attenuation constant (controlling the steepness of the release curve), and v. safe This indicates the lower limit of the safe release rate.

[0109] The target pressure release rate refers to the pressure release speed dynamically calculated based on the current working conditions. Specifically, it can be achieved by monitoring the pressure changes in the air chamber in real time through a pressure sensor and adjusting the opening of the pressure relief valve in conjunction with the controller. This is used to avoid damage to the internal structure of the stone due to excessively fast or slow pressure release.

[0110] The maximum permissible pressure release rate refers to the upper limit of the pressure relief rate set by the system, which is used to prevent the pressure relief rate from exceeding the equipment's load-bearing capacity.

[0111] Among them, the pressure analysis coefficient refers to a parameter that reflects the combined influence of raw material characteristics and equipment status, and is used to quantify the dynamic demand for pressure release rate under the current operating conditions.

[0112] The attenuation constant is an adjustment parameter that controls the trend of pressure release rate changes. It is used to adjust the attenuation rate of the exponential function to achieve a smooth transition.

[0113] The lower limit of the safe release rate refers to the minimum pressure relief rate set by the system. It can be determined by preset minimum opening threshold or based on equipment stability requirements, and is used to avoid pressure relief stagnation leading to an extended molding cycle.

[0114] Specifically, the pressure relief rate model uses the ratio of the pressure analysis coefficient to the attenuation constant to generate a nonlinear adjustment term using an exponential function, dynamically adjusting the range of pressure relief rate changes. When the pressure analysis coefficient increases, the exponential term approaches 1, and the target rate approaches the maximum allowable rate, adapting to the rapid pressure relief requirements of high aggregate particle size or low viscosity raw materials. When the pressure analysis coefficient decreases, the exponential term approaches 0, and the target rate approaches the safety lower limit, meeting the slow pressure relief requirements under high humidity or equipment condition deviation conditions. The safety relief rate lower limit serves as a basic superposition term, ensuring that the pressure relief process always maintains the minimum rate, avoiding pressure relief interruption due to excessively low calculated values. Through this model, the pressure relief rate can be automatically adjusted according to real-time changes in raw material characteristics and equipment condition, preventing internal stress concentration caused by sudden rate changes and avoiding a decrease in production efficiency due to overly conservative pressure relief.

[0115] Compared to existing technologies, traditional presses often employ fixed pressure relief procedures or manually set rates based on experience. This fails to adapt to dynamic changes in raw material viscosity, aggregate particle size, and equipment condition, easily leading to excessively rapid pressure relief causing cracks or excessively slow pressure relief prolonging the production cycle. This application constructs a pressure relief rate model, integrating raw material characteristic parameters and equipment condition parameters into pressure analysis coefficients. By combining an exponential function with a safety lower limit to dynamically generate a target rate, it achieves nonlinear adaptive control of the pressure relief process, effectively balancing pressure relief safety and efficiency.

[0116] Through the above technical solution, this application can adjust the pressure release rate in real time according to the raw material viscosity, aggregate particle size and equipment status, avoiding internal cracks or deformation of the stone caused by improper rate. At the same time, the pressure release process is continuously and stably ensured by the safety lower limit and maximum rate constraints, thereby improving the molding qualification rate and production efficiency.

[0117] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0118] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An air cavity press for stone working, comprising a frame, a platen mounted on the frame, and a transport mechanism, characterised in that, Also include: Vacuum frame, fixedly connected with the output shaft of the linear motion installed on the bottom plate, for vacuum treatment; Press head, slidingly installed on the vacuum frame and having a gas cavity therebetween, for providing static pressure to the stone raw material filled in the mold below the press head; Vibration motor, installed above the press head, for providing dynamic pressure to the stone raw material filled in the mold below the press head; Guide column, fixedly installed on the bottom plate and sliding relative to the vacuum frame, for guiding the vacuum frame; Also include a pressure release rate control system for dynamically regulating the pressure release rate of the stone raw material subjected to pressure forming, comprising: A data acquisition module for acquiring raw material basic data, device basic data and pressure data; A raw material analysis module for constructing a raw material basic analysis model based on the raw material basic data to output a raw material basic coefficient, the raw material basic data including viscosity, humidity, temperature and aggregate granularity of the raw material; A device analysis module for constructing a device basic analysis model based on the device basic data to output a device basic coefficient; A pressure analysis module for constructing a pressure analysis model based on the current raw material basic coefficient, device basic coefficient, raw material granularity and static pressure and dynamic pressure under vacuum extraction efficiency to output a pressure analysis coefficient; A pressure release rate adjustment module for constructing a pressure release rate model based on the current pressure analysis coefficient to output a target pressure release rate; The working mode of the raw material analysis module is: The viscosity is processed by ratio with the reference viscosity to obtain a viscosity index, and the temperature and humidity are processed by maximum-minimum normalization to obtain a humidity index and a viscosity index; A raw material basic analysis model is constructed based on the viscosity index, humidity index and temperature index to output a raw material basic coefficient; The feedstock basis analysis model is represented as: , wherein, represents a raw material base coefficient, represents a viscosity attenuation index, represents a viscosity index, represents a humidity index, represents a reference humidity index, represents a temperature index, represents a weight and .

2. A bell type press for processing stone materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device basic data includes the parallelism of the press head and the perpendicularity of the guide column, and the pressure data includes the dynamic pressure and the static pressure.

3. A bell type press for processing stone materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, The working mode of the device analysis module is: The parallelism of the press head and the perpendicularity of the guide column are respectively processed by ratio with their respective maximum allowable values to obtain a parallelism index and a perpendicularity index; A device basic analysis model is constructed based on the parallelism index and the perpendicularity index to output a device basic coefficient; The device base analysis model is represented as: , wherein, denotes a device base coefficient, denotes a parallelism index, denotes a perpendicularity index, denotes a weight coefficient.

4. A bell type press for processing stone materials according to claim 3, characterized in that, The working mode of the pressure analysis module is: The aggregate particle size is processed by ratio with the reference particle size to obtain an aggregate granularity index; The aggregate granularity index, air extraction efficiency, device basic coefficient and raw material basic coefficient are input into the constructed pressure analysis model to output a pressure analysis coefficient; The pressure analysis coefficient is expressed as: , wherein, represents a pressure analysis coefficient, represents a device base coefficient, represents a static pressure, represents an aggregate particle size index, represents a suction efficiency , represents a dynamic pressure, represents a raw material base coefficient, represents a weight and .

5. A bell type press for processing stone materials according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pressure release rate model is expressed as: , wherein, represents a target pressure release rate, represents a maximum allowable pressure release rate, represents a pressure analysis coefficient, represents a decay constant, represents a lower limit of a safe release rate.

6. The air cavity press for processing stone materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, Gas cavities are symmetrically provided on both sides of the bottom plate, and the gas cavities are in communication with the outside environment through gas holes A and B provided on the bottom plate.

7. A bell type press for processing stone materials according to claim 6, characterized in that, The gas hole A is in communication with the vacuum frame and the gas cavity through a pipeline A, and a valve A is installed therein; the gas hole B is in communication with the mold and the gas cavity through a pipeline B, and a valve B is installed therein.

8. The air cavity press for processing stone materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveying mechanism includes a conveying belt, a pulley, a guide wheel and a mounting frame, two groups of guide wheels are symmetrically installed on both sides of the bottom plate, the pulley and the guide wheel are rotatably installed on the mounting frame, the conveying belt is installed on the two groups of pulleys and guide wheels and is drivenly connected through the conveying belt, and a driving assembly for driving the pulley to rotate is installed on the mounting frame.

9. A bell type press for processing stone material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dynamic pressure can be obtained by an acceleration sensor mounted on the pressure head to acquire the vibration acceleration and then according to the formula represents the pressure head mass, represents the acceleration.

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