Split type modular oil pumping indicator system and implementation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a split type modular oil pumping indicator system and an implementation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of oil pumping unit indicator diagram acquisition equipment. The system comprises an angle sensor unit for detecting and uploading angle data of a walking beam, a load sensor unit for detecting and uploading load data of a horse head suspension point, and a data processing unit for receiving and integrating the data, the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit are each internally and fixedly provided with a piezoelectric ceramic generator which is used for self-generating electricity through mechanical vibration of the oil pumping unit. According to the split type modular oil pumping indicator system and the implementation method thereof, the problems of data overlapping, data missing or data distortion existing in the data acquisition process of an existing oil pumping unit indicator can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of pumping unit dynamometer diagram acquisition equipment, and in particular relates to a split modular pumping unit dynamometer system and an implementation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] A pumping unit, commonly known as a "kowtowing machine," is a widely used piece of equipment in oilfields for extracting oil. The core operating principle of a pumping unit is that power is supplied by a power generator, which, through a reducer, converts the high-speed rotation of the power generator into the low-speed rotation of the pumping unit's crank. This rotational motion is then converted into the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the pumping unit's donkey head through a mechanism called a crankshaft. This, in turn, drives the deep-well pump through a suspension rope assembly to extract oil.

[0003] The pumping unit dynamometer diagram, also known as the pumping unit well dynamometer, depicts the relationship between the load at the pumping unit's head and the displacement of the polished rod. It is one of the most effective means of explaining the pumping performance of deep-well pumps in pumping units. Because pumps (i.e., deep-well pumps) operate underground, their working state is invisible. To understand their true operating conditions, the real-time changes in the load at the pumping unit's head and the displacement of the polished rod are converted into a curve using an instrument (dynamometer) to record the data. Each stroke forms a closed graph, which is the dynamometer diagram.

[0004] Dynamometer diagrams not only reveal production and equipment anomalies but also, combined with relevant data, enable comprehensive analysis to determine whether the well's operating system is rational and whether the pumping equipment is compatible with the reservoir and crude oil properties. This allows for identification of factors affecting pump efficiency and the formulation of appropriate production process measures. Prior art dynamometer diagrams are often created using an integrated dynamometer. The data acquisition unit and the data receiving, analyzing, and transmitting units are housed in a single electronic control cabinet. Load sensors and displacement sensors are installed at test points, exchanging data with the data acquisition unit via communication cables. The dynamometer is powered by a cable connected to the main power supply of the pumping unit.

[0005] A few use separate sensors and main units, powered by batteries and communicating wirelessly. Existing integrated dynamometers use cables for communication between each unit, with the sensor unit mounted on the moving part of the pumping unit. These cables are subject to repeated crimping and folding, making them prone to breakage and requiring regular on-site repairs, resulting in high maintenance costs. Existing split dynamometer sensors are battery-powered, but wireless transmission consumes significant power, requiring frequent battery replacement. During these battery replacements, the pumping unit stops operating, impacting production efficiency.

[0006] The data of each sensor of the split dynamometer is sent separately, and the data of two sensors at the same time node are often out of sync; the data processing unit of the split dynamometer uses a polling wireless communication method, and due to electromagnetic interference, data overlap, missing, or other data anomalies often occur, resulting in inaccurate drawing of the dynamometer diagram. Summary of the Invention

[0007] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is achieved by: The present invention provides a split modular oil pumping dynamometer system and its implementation method, which can solve the problem mentioned in the background technology that the data of multiple key node sensors of the current conventional split dynamometer are not synchronized in actual application, resulting in a sharp drop in the accuracy of the finally generated dynamometer diagram and the inaccuracy of the dynamometer diagram.

[0008] The present invention provides a split modular oil pumping dynamometer system, wherein the system comprises three parts: an angle sensor unit for detecting and uploading walking beam angle data, a load sensor unit for detecting and uploading donkey head suspension point load data, and a data processing unit for receiving and integrating the data; the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit are both fixedly installed with a piezoelectric ceramic generator for generating self-electricity by relying on the mechanical vibration of the oil pumping unit.

[0009] Based on the above technical solution, the split modular oil pumping dynamometer system of the present invention can also be improved as follows: Furthermore, the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit continuously collect sensing data, store the sensing data in the data register of their own MCU, and form a data file with a time pointer; when the oil pump completes a working cycle (judged according to the maximum and minimum values ​​of the collected angle), the angle sensor unit packages the collected data this time and sends it to the data processing unit via wireless transmission; when the oil pump completes a working cycle (judged according to the maximum falling edge and minimum rising edge of the collected data), the load sensor unit packages the collected data this time and sends it to the data processing unit via wireless transmission.

[0010] Furthermore, the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit only send the data file once at the end of each working cycle, without continuously turning on the wireless transmission module.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for implementing a split modular oil pumping dynamometer system, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: Step S1: System startup and initialization. The pumping unit starts to operate. The angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit trigger the self-generating device through mechanical vibration and start power supply, completing unit initialization. Step S2: Clock signal calibration. The angle sensor unit, load sensor unit, and data processing unit all have built-in clocks that can generate accurate clock signals. After the system is initialized, the clock synchronization calibration of the three parts is performed. Step S3: sensor data error correction. The sensor value will not change suddenly within a sampling period. To avoid sensor data errors caused by accidental factors, the data is corrected. Step S4, sensor data processing and temporary storage. After the equipment is preheated and the clock signal is calibrated, sensor data can be collected and temporarily stored to facilitate the drawing of the indicator diagram. The angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit both have non-volatile memory for temporary data storage. The non-volatile memory is also equipped with an SRAM buffer area for caching and preprocessing sensor data. Step S5, sensor data transmission and reception: When a working cycle of the pumping unit is completed, the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit save the sensor data to the local memory and send the sensor data to the data processing unit in a fixed format. The data processing unit receives and processes the sensor data. Step S6: post-processing the sensor data, merging the two data files into one file according to the time pointers of the angle sensor and load sensor data files.

[0012] Based on the above technical solution, the split modular oil pumping dynamometer system of the present invention can also be improved as follows: Furthermore, the step S1 specifically includes: Step S11: The pumping unit is started, the system preheats, and the motor drives the crank, which, through the connecting rod, converts the rotational motion into the up and down motion of the rocker beam. The donkey head moves up and down synchronously with the swing of the rocker beam. Step S12: The piezoelectric ceramic generators in the angle sensing unit and the load sensing unit generate electricity by themselves based on the mechanical vibration of the pumping unit, thereby providing power to the angle sensing unit and the load sensing unit. Step S13: The MCUs of the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit start a self-test program to check whether the functions of the sensor, memory access, and wireless communication module are normal. In step S14, the angle sensor unit continuously detects the angle data between the walking beam and the horizontal line; the load sensor unit continuously detects the load data of the donkey head suspension point; both upload the data collected in the corresponding cycle to the data processing unit when the pumping unit completes a working cycle, that is, a reciprocating motion.

[0013] Furthermore, the step S2 specifically includes: Step S21: Determine the master clock. Since the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit are greatly affected by the system operation vibration, which has a greater impact on their internal clocks, the clock in the data processing unit is selected as the master clock. Step S22, establishing a network communication mechanism and exchanging time information using a network protocol; Step S23: Synchronization is initiated. The master clock, i.e., the data processing unit, sends a synchronization message carrying its sending timestamp T1, where T1 is the master clock time. The angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit each record the local time T2 at which the synchronization message is received. Subsequently, the sensor unit sends a delay request message to the master clock and records its local time T3 when sending the request. The master clock records the local time T4 at which each sensor's delay request message is received. The master clock replies with a delay response message to each sensor, which carries the timestamps T1 and T4. After receiving the reply delay response message, the sensor unit calculates the path delay and clock deviation between the master and slave clocks using the timestamps T1, T2, T3, and T4, and adjusts the local clock to compensate based on the values ​​of the path delay and clock deviation. Step S24: Verify the optimization, verify the protocol response speed and adjustment effect, record the clock drift trend, and predict future deviations for pre-compensation.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit adopt a timed communication mode and perform a clock synchronization calibration with the data processing unit at the end of each working cycle of the oil pumping unit.

[0015] Furthermore, the step S4 specifically includes: Step S41, data acquisition, collects load and angle sensor data at a fixed frequency, stores the raw sensor data in a circular buffer in SRAM, and uses the MCU to add an accurate time stamp to each data point through the built-in RTC; Step S42: Data processing: remove erroneous data that exceeds the physical range and remove sudden changes based on the overall data change trend. For abnormal data points, linear interpolation of adjacent data is used to complete the abnormal data points. The corresponding relationship between the angle and load sensor data is checked, and the angle sensor data and the load sensor data are matched and aligned according to the timestamps. The phase consistency of the aligned data group is verified. Step S43, data storage: the data verified in step S42 is divided into blocks according to time, with the time span being one working cycle of the pumping unit, and a check code is added to the blocks; the data blocks are written to a designated sector of the non-volatile memory via the SPI interface, and an index table is simultaneously maintained in the non-volatile memory to record the starting address, time range, and status of each data block; Step S44, subsequent management. When the non-volatile memory is full, the earliest data block is overwritten first, and the data of the most recent N cycles is retained. The size of N is set by the management personnel according to the length of the historical data to be temporarily stored. After the sensor data is sent, it is marked as "erasable" to facilitate subsequent overall processing. When writing fails, the storage block is marked as a bad block, the area is skipped, and the error information is recorded in the MCU system log.

[0016] Furthermore, step S5 specifically includes: when a working cycle of the oil pumping unit ends, the angle sensor and the load sensor read the sensor data one by one according to the register address and convert them into ASCII format, temporarily storing them in a local memory (such as SRAM), counting the total number of ASCII code characters, the total number of columns, and the total number of rows to form a data packet header, then adding each ASCII code to obtain a checksum, forming a checksum as a data packet footer, and combining the data in the memory to package and send them to the data processing unit; The sending format is as follows: start flag + total number of characters + total number of columns + total number of rows + sensor data + check code + end flag.

[0017] The data processing unit receives the data packet and unpacks it, first checking the integrity of the data packet, that is, whether it has a start flag and an end flag; If the flag is missing, it means that the data packet is incomplete and the data processing unit requires the data packet to be resent. On the basis of the integrity of the data packet, the data processing unit reads the total number of characters in the header and counts whether the total number of characters received is consistent. If the total number of characters is incorrect, it means that there is an over- or under-receipt of data during the transmission process, and the data processing unit requires the data packet to be resent; calculate the ASCII checksum of all characters received and compare the checksum at the end of the packet to see if they are consistent; If the checksums are inconsistent, it means that the data value is transmitted incorrectly, and the data processing unit requires the data packet to be resent; If there is no problem in receiving the data packet, the sensor data will be parsed and restored to the original sensor data value one by one according to the number of columns and rows and saved in the local disk of the data processing unit.

[0018] Furthermore, step S6 further includes: because the indicator diagram requires polished rod displacement data, it is necessary to convert the walking beam angle data into polished rod displacement data. Assuming the walking beam length is r, the angle data is θ, and the polished rod displacement data is L=2r•sin(θ / 2), the data processing unit converts the stored angle data into polished rod displacement data one by one according to the above formula and saves the data (the original angle data file may be overwritten or a new displacement data file may be generated). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the installation location of each unit of the system; Figure 2 The overall flow chart of the method; Figure 3 It is the ideal state curve of the indicator diagram; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the moving route of the walking beam.

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a split modular oil pumping dynamometer system and its implementation method, wherein the system includes three parts: an angle sensor unit for detecting and uploading the angle data of the walking beam, a load sensor unit for detecting and uploading the load data of the donkey head suspension point, and a data processing unit for receiving and integrating the data; the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit are both fixedly installed with a piezoelectric ceramic generator for generating self-electricity by relying on the mechanical vibration of the oil pump.

[0023] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit continuously collect sensor data, and store the sensor data in the data register of their own MCU, and form a data file with a time pointer; the angle sensor unit packages the collected data according to the maximum value (upper dead center) and minimum value (lower dead center) of the collected angle, and sends it wirelessly to the data processing unit when the pumping unit completes a working cycle (from top dead center to bottom dead center and then to top dead center); the load sensor unit packages the collected data according to the maximum value falling edge (upper dead center) and minimum value rising edge (lower dead center) of the collected data, and sends it wirelessly to the data processing unit when the pumping unit completes a working cycle (from top dead center to bottom dead center and then to top dead center).

[0024] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit only send the data file once at the end of each working cycle, and there is no need to enable wireless transmission all the time.

[0025] The implementation methods include: Step S1: System startup and initialization. The pumping unit starts to operate. The angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit trigger the self-generating device to supply power through mechanical vibration, and the system starts. Step S2: Clock signal calibration. The angle sensor unit, load sensor unit, and data processing unit each have a built-in clock that can generate an accurate clock signal. When the device is just started, the clocks of the angle sensor unit, load sensor unit, and data processing unit are calibrated. Step S3: sensor data error correction. The sensor value will not change suddenly within a sampling period. To avoid sensor data errors caused by accidental factors, the data is corrected. Step S4: Sensor data processing and temporary storage. After the equipment is preheated and the clock signal is calibrated, sensor data can be collected and temporarily stored for subsequent drawing of the indicator diagram. The angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit both have non-volatile memories for temporary data storage. The non-volatile memories are also equipped with an SRAM buffer area for caching and preprocessing sensor data. Step S5, sending and receiving sensor data. When a working cycle of the oil pump is completed, the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit save the sensor data to the local memory and send the sensor data to the data processing unit in a fixed format. The data processing unit receives and processes the sensor data. Step S6, post-processing of the sensor data. According to the time pointer of the angle sensor and load sensor data files, the two data files are merged into one file.

[0026] Optionally, in the above technical solution, step S1 specifically includes: Step S11: The pumping unit is started. When the pumping unit is preheated, the motor drives the crank, which, through the connecting rod, converts the rotational motion into the up and down motion of the rocker beam. The donkey head moves up and down synchronously with the swing of the rocker beam. Step S12: The piezoelectric ceramic generators in the angle sensing unit and the load sensing unit generate electricity by themselves based on the mechanical vibration of the pumping unit, thereby providing power to the angle sensing unit and the load sensing unit. Step S13: The angle sensing unit and the load sensing unit MCU start self-testing to check whether the sensors (load, displacement, etc.), registers, and wireless modules (such as Zigbee / LoRa) are normal. In step S14, the angle sensing unit continuously detects the angle data between the rocker arm and the horizontal line during the operation of the pumping unit, and uploads the angle data to the data processing unit; since the rocker arm of the pumping unit is in reciprocating motion, each time the angle data is uploaded, one reciprocating motion is used as a node; the load sensing unit continuously detects the load data of the donkey head suspension point, and uploads the load data to the data processing unit; both upload data after completing one reciprocating motion.

[0027] Optionally, in the above technical solution, step S2 specifically includes: Step S21: Determine the master clock. Since the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit are greatly affected by the system operation vibration, which has a greater impact on their internal clocks, the clock in the data processing unit is selected as the master clock. Step S22, establishing a network communication mechanism and exchanging time information using a network protocol; Step S23: Synchronization is initiated. The master clock sends a synchronization message with a timestamp T1. The angle sensing unit and the load sensing unit respectively record the times T2 and T3 of receiving the synchronization message, and reply with a delay request message with times T2 and T3 and the corresponding local times T4 and T5. The master clock sends a delay response with a response time T6. The path delay is calculated, and the angle sensing unit and the load sensing unit adjust their respective clocks to compensate for the clock delay deviation. Step S24 verifies the optimization, verifies the protocol response speed and adjustment effect, records clock drift trends, and predicts future deviations for pre-compensation. Optionally, in the above technical solution, in step S2, the angle sensor unit and load sensor unit utilize a timed communication method, communicating with the data processing unit once per operating cycle of the pumping unit to calibrate the clock.

[0028] Optionally, in the above technical solution, step S4 specifically includes: Step S41, data acquisition, collects load and angle sensor data at a fixed frequency, stores the raw sensor data in a circular buffer in SRAM, and uses the MCU to add an accurate time stamp to each data point through the built-in RTC; Step S42: Data processing: remove erroneous data that exceeds the physical range and remove sudden changes based on the overall data change trend. For abnormal data points, linear interpolation of adjacent data is used to complete the abnormal data points. The corresponding relationship between the angle and load sensor data is checked, and the angle sensor data and the load sensor data are matched and aligned according to the timestamps. The phase consistency of the aligned data group is verified. Step S43, data storage: the data matched, aligned, and verified in step S42 are divided into blocks according to time, with the time span being one working cycle of the pumping unit, and a checksum is added to the blocks; the data blocks are written to a designated sector of the non-volatile memory via the SPI interface, and an index table is simultaneously maintained in the non-volatile memory to record the starting address, time range, and status of each data block; Step S44, subsequent management. When the non-volatile memory is full, the earliest data block is overwritten first, and the data of the most recent N cycles is retained. The size of N is set by the management personnel according to the length of the historical data to be temporarily stored. After the sensor data is sent, it is marked as "erasable" to facilitate subsequent overall processing. When writing fails, the bad block is marked, the area is skipped and recorded in the MCU log.

[0029] Optionally, in the above technical solution, step S5 specifically includes: when a working cycle of the oil pumping unit is completed, the angle sensor and the load sensor read the sensor data one by one according to the register address, convert them into ASCII code and save them in the local memory, count the total number of ASCII code characters, the total number of columns, and the total number of rows to form a data packet header, then add each ASCII code to obtain a checksum, form a checksum as the data packet tail, combine it with the memory data, and package it once and send it to the data processing unit; The sending format is as follows: start flag + total number of characters + total number of columns + total number of rows + sensor data + check code + end flag.

[0030] The data processing unit receives the data packet and unpacks it, first checking the integrity of the data packet, that is, whether it has a start flag and an end flag; If the flag is missing, it means that the data packet is incomplete and the data processing unit requires the data packet to be resent. On the basis of the integrity of the data packet, the data processing unit reads the total number of characters in the header and counts whether the total number of characters received is consistent. If the total number of characters is incorrect, it means that there is an over- or under-receipt of data during the transmission process, and the data processing unit requires the data packet to be resent; calculate the ASCII checksum of all characters received and compare the checksum at the end of the packet to see if they are consistent; If the checksum is inconsistent, it means that the data value transmission is incorrect, and the data processing unit requires the data packet to be resent; if there is no problem in receiving the data packet, the sensor data will be parsed and restored to the original sensor data value according to the number of columns and rows, and saved in the local storage medium of the data processing unit.

[0031] Optionally, in the above technical solution, step S6 further includes: because the indicator diagram requires polished rod displacement data, it is necessary to convert the walking beam angle data into polished rod displacement data. Assuming the walking beam length is r, the angle data is θ, and the polished rod displacement data is L=2r•sin(θ / 2), the data processing unit converts the angle data stored in the local disk into polished rod displacement data one by one according to the above formula and saves it (the original angle data file may be overwritten or a new displacement data file may be generated).

[0032] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A split modular oil pumping dynamometer system, characterized in that: The system consists of three parts: an angle sensor unit for detecting and uploading the angle data of the walking beam, a load sensor unit for detecting and uploading the load data of the donkey head suspension point, and a data processing unit for receiving and integrating the data; the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit are both fixedly installed with a piezoelectric ceramic generator for generating self-electricity by relying on the mechanical vibration of the oil pump.

2. A split modular oil pumping dynamometer system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit continuously collect sensor data, store the sensor data in the data register of their own MCU, and form a data file with a time pointer; when the pumping unit completes a working cycle, the angle sensor unit packages the collected data according to the maximum and minimum values ​​of the collected angle, and sends it to the data processing unit via wireless transmission; the load sensor unit packages the collected data according to the falling edge of the maximum value and the rising edge of the minimum value of the collected data, and sends it wirelessly to the data processing unit when the pumping unit completes a working cycle.

3. The split modular oil pumping dynamometer system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit only send the data file once at the end of each working cycle, without continuously turning on the wireless transmission module.

4. A method for implementing a split modular oil pumping dynamometer system, characterized in that: The implementation method is applied to a split modular oil pumping dynamometer system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: Step S1: System startup and initialization. The pumping unit starts to operate. The angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit trigger the self-generating device through mechanical vibration and start power supply, completing unit initialization. Step S2: Clock signal calibration. The angle sensor unit, load sensor unit, and data processing unit all have built-in clocks that can generate accurate clock signals. After the system is initialized, the clock synchronization calibration of the three parts is performed. Step S3: sensor data error correction. The sensor value will not change suddenly within a sampling period. To avoid sensor data errors caused by accidental factors, the data is corrected. Step S4: Sensor data processing and temporary storage. After the equipment is preheated and the clock signal is calibrated, sensor data can be collected and temporarily stored for subsequent drawing of the indicator diagram. The angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit both have non-volatile memories for temporary data storage. The non-volatile memories are also equipped with an SRAM buffer area for caching and preprocessing sensor data. Step S5, sending and receiving sensor data: when a working cycle of the pumping unit is completed, the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit save the sensor data to the local memory and send the sensor data to the data processing unit in a fixed format. The data processing unit receives and transmits the data; Step S6, post-processing of the sensor data, merging the two data files into one file according to the time pointers of the angle sensor and load sensor data files.

5. The method for implementing a split modular oil pumping dynamometer system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes: Step S11: The pumping unit is started, the system preheats, and the motor drives the crank, which, through the connecting rod, converts the rotational motion into the up and down motion of the rocker beam. The donkey head moves up and down synchronously with the swing of the rocker beam. Step S12: the piezoelectric ceramic generators in the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit generate electricity by themselves based on the mechanical vibration of the pumping unit, thereby providing power to the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit. Step S13: The MCUs of the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit start a self-test program to check whether the functions of the sensor, memory access, and wireless communication module are normal. In step S14, the angle sensor unit continuously detects the angle data between the walking beam and the horizontal line; the load sensor unit continuously detects the load data of the donkey head suspension point; both upload the data collected in the corresponding cycle to the data processing unit when the pumping unit completes a working cycle, that is, a reciprocating motion.

6. The method for implementing a split modular oil pumping dynamometer system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step S2 specifically includes: Step S21: Determine the master clock. Since the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit are greatly affected by the vibration of the system operation, which has a greater impact on their internal clocks, the clock in the data processing unit is selected as the master clock. Step S22, establishing a network communication mechanism and exchanging time information using a network protocol; Step S23: Synchronization is initiated. The master clock, i.e., the data processing unit, sends a synchronization message carrying its sending timestamp T1, where T1 is the master clock time. The angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit each record the local time T2 at which the synchronization message is received. Subsequently, the sensor unit sends a delay request message to the master clock and records its local time T3 when sending the request. The master clock records the local time T4 at which each sensor's delay request message is received. The master clock replies with a delay response message to each sensor, which carries the timestamps T1 and T4. After receiving the reply delay response message, the sensor unit calculates the path delay and clock deviation between the master and slave clocks using the timestamps T1, T2, T3, and T4, and adjusts the local clock to compensate based on the values ​​of the path delay and clock deviation. Step S24 , verifying the optimization, evaluating the clock synchronization accuracy and stability, recording the clock drift characteristics, and predicting future deviations based on the drift trend for pre-compensation optimization.

7. The method for implementing a split modular oil pumping dynamometer system according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, the angle sensor unit and the load sensor unit use a timed communication method to perform a clock synchronization calibration with the data processing unit at the end of each working cycle of the pumping unit.

8. The method for implementing a split modular oil pumping dynamometer system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step S4 specifically includes: Step S41, data acquisition, collects load and angle sensor data at a fixed frequency, stores the raw sensor data in a circular buffer in SRAM, and uses the MCU to add an accurate time stamp to each data point through the built-in RTC; Step S42: Data processing: remove erroneous data that exceeds the physical range and remove sudden changes based on the overall data change trend. For abnormal data points, linear interpolation of adjacent data is used to complete the abnormal data points. The corresponding relationship between the angle and load sensor data is checked, and the angle sensor data and the load sensor data are matched and aligned according to the timestamps. The phase consistency of the aligned data group is verified. Step S43, data storage: the data processed, aligned, and verified in step S42 are divided into time blocks, with the time span being one working cycle of the pumping unit, and a checksum is added to the blocks; the data blocks are written to the designated sectors of the non-volatile memory via the SPI interface, and an index table is simultaneously maintained in the non-volatile memory to record the starting address, time range, and status of each data block; Step S44, subsequent management. When the non-volatile memory is full, the oldest data block is overwritten first, and the data of the most recent N cycles is retained. The size of N is set by the administrator based on the length of the historical data to be temporarily stored. After the sensor data is sent, it is marked as "erasable" to facilitate subsequent overall processing. When a write fails, the storage block is marked as a bad block, the area is skipped, and the error information is recorded in the MCU system log.

9. The method for implementing a split modular oil pumping dynamometer system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step S5 specifically includes: the angle sensor and the load sensor read the sensor data one by one according to the register address and convert them into ASCII format, temporarily storing them in the local memory, counting the total number of ASCII code characters, the total number of columns, and the total number of rows to form a data packet header, then adding each ASCII code to obtain a checksum, forming a checksum as the data packet tail, and combining it with the memory data to package it and send it to the data processing unit. The sending format is as follows: The data processing unit receives the data packet and unpacks it. It first checks the integrity of the data packet, that is, whether it has the start flag and the end flag. If the flag is missing, it means that the data packet is incomplete and the data processing unit requests to resend the data packet. Based on the integrity of the data packet, the data processing unit reads the total number of characters in the packet header and counts whether the total number of characters received is consistent. If the total number of characters is incorrect, it means that there is an over- or under-receipt of data during the transmission process, and the data processing unit requires the data packet to be resent; calculate the ASCII checksum of all characters received and compare the checksum at the end of the packet to see if they are consistent; If the checksums are inconsistent, it means that the data value is transmitted incorrectly, and the data processing unit requires the data packet to be resent; If there is no problem in receiving the data packet, the ASCII code data is parsed and restored to the original sensor data value according to the column number and row number information, and saved in the storage medium of the data processing unit.

10. The method for implementing a split modular oil pumping dynamometer system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step S6 also includes: since the drawing of the indicator diagram requires the polished rod displacement data, the walking beam angle data needs to be converted into the polished rod displacement data; assuming that the walking beam length is r and the angle data is θ, the calculation formula for the polished rod displacement data L is: L = 2r • sin(θ / 2); the data processing unit converts the stored angle data into the polished rod displacement data one by one according to this formula and saves it; the saved data can overwrite the original angle data file or generate a new displacement data file.

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