Construction supervision method and system based on BIM

Abstract

The invention discloses a BIM-based construction supervision method and system, and belongs to the technical field of building engineering construction supervision, and the method comprises the steps: dividing a BIM-based target construction supervision region, collecting BIM construction supervision data, combining a GIS technology with a BIM technology, constructing a BIM construction supervision model, analyzing the construction progress of each small construction supervision region, and carrying out the construction supervision of each small construction supervision region. The method comprises the steps of generating a constructor redistribution scheme of each small construction supervision area, constructing a risk construction area supervision model and a pollution construction area supervision model, obtaining a risk level number and a pollution level number of each small construction supervision area, and then sending a risk early warning signal and a pollution early warning signal of each small construction supervision area. And a construction supervision output report of each small construction supervision area is generated. According to the invention, the BIM technology, the GIS technology and the modern information technology are closely combined, and the problem that the traditional construction supervision depends on manpower and the careless mistake probability in the construction supervision process is improved is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of construction supervision of building projects, and in particular relates to a construction supervision method and system based on BIM. Background Art

[0002] In the field of construction engineering, traditional construction supervision has problems such as delayed information transmission, extensive spatial management, and insufficient risk prediction capabilities. As the scale and complexity of buildings continue to increase, relying solely on manual inspections, two-dimensional drawings, and empirical judgments can no longer meet the needs of refined management. The emergence of BIM technology has brought innovative opportunities for construction supervision. It integrates information on the entire life cycle of a building through a three-dimensional digital model, enabling visual simulation and collaborative management of factors such as construction progress, resources, and safety. With its powerful spatial information carrying capacity, the BIM model can provide precise three-dimensional coordinates for each small area. Combined with technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data, it can achieve real-time dynamic monitoring and intelligent early warning of the construction process. This regionalized and refined supervision method based on BIM helps to break through the bottleneck of traditional supervision, improve the efficiency and safety of construction management, and is an important direction for the digital transformation of the construction industry.

[0003] The existing construction supervision process mostly relies on manual inspections and two-dimensional drawings, which increases the probability of omissions in the construction supervision process. Therefore, how to use BIM technology to supervise the construction process of construction projects from the aspects of progress, personnel allocation, risk area warning and pollution area warning, improve construction efficiency, ensure construction safety, and achieve construction pollution protection, is the problem to be solved by this invention. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a BIM-based construction supervision method and system, which realizes real-time dynamic monitoring and intelligent early warning of construction progress, personnel allocation, risk areas and pollution areas, significantly improves the refinement, intelligence and safety of construction supervision, and effectively reduces the risk of omissions in traditional manual supervision.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: The BIM-based construction supervision method includes the following steps: S1. Divide the target construction supervision area based on BIM, obtain each small construction supervision area, assign a number to each small construction supervision area, and then collect BIM construction supervision data, including progress supervision data, construction personnel supervision data, risk construction area supervision data, and pollution construction area supervision data; S2. Use BIM technology to build a BIM construction supervision model. Combined with GIS technology, assign three-dimensional coordinates to each small construction supervision area and construction personnel in the BIM construction supervision model. S3. Integrate progress supervision data and construction personnel supervision data into the BIM construction supervision model, analyze the construction progress of each small construction supervision area, and then divide each small construction supervision area into delayed construction areas and normal construction areas; S4. Combining the division results of each small construction supervision area, the construction personnel supervision data, and the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area and the construction personnel, generate a construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area, and number the construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area; S5. Based on the risky construction area supervision data, a neural network algorithm is used to construct a risky construction area supervision model, output the corresponding construction area risk index, and then evaluate the risk level of each small construction supervision area to obtain the risk level number of each small construction supervision area; S6. Using the random forest algorithm and the pollution construction area supervision data, a pollution construction area supervision model is constructed, and the pollution index of the corresponding construction area is output. Then, the pollution level of each small construction supervision area is evaluated and the pollution level number of each small construction supervision area is obtained; S7. Integrate the construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number, and pollution level number of each small construction supervision area into the BIM construction supervision model, associate each small construction supervision area number with its corresponding construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number, and pollution level number, and output the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area through the BIM construction supervision model; S8. Based on the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area, the risk warning signal and pollution warning signal of each small construction supervision area are issued through the buzzer and signal indicator light, and the construction supervision output report of each small construction supervision area is generated.

[0006] Preferably, in S1, dividing the target construction supervision area based on BIM, obtaining each small construction supervision area, assigning a number to each small construction supervision area, and then collecting BIM construction supervision data includes: Divide the BIM-based target construction supervision area into several small construction supervision areas of equal volume, and assign numbers to each small construction supervision area; Deploy various data collection devices, combined with Primavera schedule management software, to collect BIM construction supervision data. These include smart work badges, online inclinometers, static levels, high-precision dual-axis tilt sensors, strain gauges, three-cup wind speed sensors, tipping bucket rain gauges, field foundation bearing capacity detectors, Hall effect magnetometers, laser scattering monitors, online noise monitors, dust monitors, pH meters, and light pollution monitors. Progress supervision data includes the process name, planned construction period, planned project quantity, real-time construction period and real-time completion quantity in each small construction supervision area; construction personnel supervision data includes the construction personnel number and work status, among which the construction personnel's work status consists of idle state, working state and vacation state; risk construction area supervision data includes the real-time foundation pit displacement, real-time scaffolding settlement value, real-time tower crane inclination, real-time high-support formwork stress, real-time wind speed, real-time rainfall, real-time soil bearing capacity and real-time magnetic field strength in each small construction supervision area; pollution construction area supervision data includes the real-time PM2.5 concentration, real-time PM10 concentration, real-time noise decibel value, real-time dust particulate matter content, sewage pH value and light pollution intensity in each small construction supervision area; The collected BIM construction supervision data is cleaned, and the collected risk construction area supervision data and polluted construction area supervision data are standardized. Timestamps are assigned to the pre-processed progress supervision data, construction personnel supervision data, risk construction area supervision data and polluted construction area supervision data respectively. The assigned timestamps are adjusted to achieve synchronization of progress supervision data, construction personnel supervision data, risk construction area supervision data and polluted construction area supervision data in the time dimension. The risk construction area supervision data and polluted construction area supervision data are integrated to generate a BIM construction supervision dataset.

[0007] Preferably, in said S2, the process of constructing a BIM construction supervision model and assigning three-dimensional coordinates to each small construction supervision area and construction personnel in the BIM construction supervision model in combination with GIS technology includes: Using Revit software, attribute fields were added to each small construction supervision area, and the extreme three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of the boundaries of each small construction supervision area were obtained to build a BIM construction supervision model. The attribute fields of each small construction supervision area included the process name, planned duration, planned construction quantity, real-time duration and real-time completion quantity of each small construction supervision area, as well as the construction personnel number and work status. Using ArcGIS software, generate a three-dimensional model of each construction supervision area, unify the coordinate system of the three-dimensional model of each construction supervision area with the coordinate system of the BIM construction supervision model, export the BIM construction supervision model to IFC format, and use ArcGIS CityEngine software to import the BIM construction supervision model in IFC format into the GIS platform to achieve the superposition of the BIM construction supervision model and the three-dimensional space of each construction supervision area, and then obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area and construction personnel.

[0008] Preferably, in S3, the process of integrating the progress supervision data and the construction personnel supervision data into the BIM construction supervision model, analyzing the construction progress of each small construction supervision area, and then dividing each small construction supervision area into a delayed construction area and a normal construction area includes: Using Revit software, fill progress supervision data and construction personnel supervision data into the attribute fields of each small construction supervision area; Calculate the ratio of the real-time duration of each process name in each small construction supervision area to the planned duration to obtain the construction time progress; obtain the construction work progress by calculating the proportion of the real-time completion amount of each process name in each small construction supervision area to the planned work amount; Assign weights to the construction time progress and construction quantity progress respectively, and use the weighted average method to calculate the construction progress of each small construction supervision area; When the construction progress of a small construction supervision area is lower than 60%, the corresponding small construction supervision area will be divided into a delayed construction area; when the construction progress of a small construction supervision area is higher than 60%, the corresponding small construction supervision area will be divided into a normal construction area.

[0009] Preferably, in S4, the process of generating a construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area and numbering the construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area includes: Based on the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area and the construction workers, each small construction supervision area and the construction workers within it are matched. Combined with the division results of each small construction supervision area, the number of construction workers in the delayed construction area and the normal construction area are counted separately; According to the working status of the construction workers, the number of construction workers in idle, working and vacation status in the delayed construction area and the normal construction area is obtained, and then the construction workers in each small construction supervision area are redistributed, and the construction worker redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area is generated, and the construction worker redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area is numbered.

[0010] Preferably, in S5, a risk construction area supervision model is constructed, a corresponding construction area risk index is output, and then the risk level of each small construction supervision area is evaluated. The process of obtaining the risk level number of each small construction supervision area includes: Extract risky construction area supervision data from the BIM construction supervision dataset, and divide the extracted data into a first training set and a first test set; A neural network algorithm is used, with the first training set data as input and the construction area risk index as output. The nonlinear relationship between the real-time foundation pit displacement, real-time scaffolding settlement, real-time tower crane inclination, real-time high-support formwork stress, real-time wind speed, real-time rainfall, real-time soil bearing capacity, real-time magnetic field intensity and the construction area risk index of each small construction supervision area is learned to train a risk construction area supervision model. Input the first test set data into the risky construction area supervision model, use the Adam optimizer to adjust the risky construction area supervision model parameters, optimize the risky construction area supervision model performance, and obtain the final risky construction area supervision model; Input the current risky construction area supervision data into the risky construction area supervision model and output the corresponding construction area risk index; When the construction area risk index is lower than 0.3, it corresponds to a low-risk level of the construction area, numbered a1; when the construction area risk index is between 0.3 and 0.7, it corresponds to a medium-risk level of the construction area, numbered a2; when the construction area risk index is higher than 0.7, it corresponds to a high-risk level of the construction area, numbered a3.

[0011] Preferably, in S6, a pollution construction area supervision model is constructed, a pollution index of a corresponding construction area is output, and then the pollution level of each small construction supervision area is evaluated. The process of obtaining the pollution level number of each small construction supervision area includes: Extract the polluted construction area supervision data from the BIM construction supervision dataset, and divide the extracted data into a second training set and a second test set; Using the random forest algorithm, the second training set data is used as input and the construction area pollution index is used as output. The nonlinear relationship between the real-time PM2.5 concentration, PM10 concentration, noise decibel value, dust particle content, sewage pH value, light pollution intensity and the construction area pollution index of each small construction supervision area is learned to train a pollution construction area supervision model. The second test set data is input into the polluted construction area supervision model. The Adam optimizer is used to adjust the model parameters of the polluted construction area supervision model, optimize the performance of the polluted construction area supervision model, and obtain the final polluted construction area supervision model. Input the current pollution construction area supervision data into the pollution construction area supervision model and output the corresponding construction area pollution index; When the pollution index of the construction area is lower than 0.4, it corresponds to a low pollution level in the construction area, numbered b1; when the pollution index of the construction area is between 0.4 and 0.6, it corresponds to a pollution level in the construction area, numbered b2; when the pollution index of the construction area is higher than 0.6, it corresponds to a high pollution level in the construction area, numbered b3.

[0012] Preferably, in S7, the process of outputting the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area includes: Using Revit software, fill in the construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number, and pollution level number of each small construction supervision area into the attribute fields of each small construction supervision area; Through the attribute fields of each small construction supervision area, the association of each small construction supervision area number with its corresponding construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number and pollution level number is achieved; The current BIM construction supervision model is used to output the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area, including the number, three-dimensional coordinates, construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number and pollution level number of each small construction supervision area.

[0013] Preferably, in said S8, the process of issuing risk warning signals and pollution warning signals for each small construction supervision area and generating a construction supervision output report for each small construction supervision area includes: BIM-based construction supervision buzzers and signal indicators are set up in each small construction supervision area. The signal indicators include risk warning signal indicators and pollution warning signal indicators. The signal indicator lights can be displayed in green, yellow and red. Extract the risk level number of each small construction supervision area from the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area, match the risk level of each small construction supervision area, and when each small construction supervision area is at a low risk level, locate the corresponding small construction supervision area according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area, and schedule the risk warning signal indicator of the corresponding small construction supervision area to turn on green; When each small construction supervision area is at a higher risk level than the construction area, the corresponding small construction supervision area is located according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area, and the risk warning signal indicator of the corresponding small construction supervision area is scheduled to light up yellow; When each small construction supervision area is at a high-risk level, the system locates the corresponding small construction supervision area according to its three-dimensional coordinates, and dispatches the buzzer alarm and risk warning signal indicator of the corresponding small construction supervision area to light up red; Extract the pollution level number of each small construction supervision area from the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area, match the pollution level of each small construction supervision area, and when each small construction supervision area is at a low pollution level, locate the corresponding small construction supervision area according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area, and schedule the pollution warning signal indicator of the corresponding small construction supervision area to turn on green; When each small construction supervision area is at the pollution level within the construction area, the corresponding small construction supervision area is located according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area, and the pollution warning signal indicator light of the corresponding small construction supervision area is scheduled to turn on yellow; When each small construction supervision area is at a high pollution level, the system locates the corresponding small construction supervision area according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area, and dispatches the buzzer alarm and pollution warning signal indicator of the corresponding small construction supervision area to light up red; The construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area is integrated, and data report generation technology is used to generate construction supervision output reports for each small construction supervision area.

[0014] The BIM-based construction supervision system, used to implement the above method, includes the following modules with communication connections: The BIM construction supervision data collection module divides the target construction supervision area based on BIM, obtains each small construction supervision area, assigns a number to each small construction supervision area, and then collects BIM construction supervision data, including progress supervision data, construction personnel supervision data, risk construction area supervision data, and pollution construction area supervision data; The BIM construction supervision model construction and analysis module is divided into a BIM construction supervision model construction unit, a BIM construction supervision model analysis unit, and a construction personnel redistribution plan output unit; The BIM construction supervision model construction unit uses BIM technology to build a BIM construction supervision model. Combined with GIS technology, it assigns three-dimensional coordinates to each small construction supervision area and construction personnel in the BIM construction supervision model. The BIM construction supervision model analysis unit integrates progress supervision data and construction personnel supervision data into the BIM construction supervision model, analyzes the construction progress of each small construction supervision area, and then divides each small construction supervision area into delayed construction areas and normal construction areas; The construction personnel redistribution plan output unit generates a construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area based on the division results of each small construction supervision area, the construction personnel supervision data, and the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area and the construction personnel, and numbers the construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area; The construction supervision area risk level assessment module uses a neural network algorithm to build a risk construction area supervision model based on risk construction area supervision data, outputs the corresponding construction area risk index, and then evaluates the risk level of each small construction supervision area and obtains the risk level number of each small construction supervision area; The pollution level assessment module for construction supervision areas uses the random forest algorithm and pollution construction area supervision data to build a pollution construction area supervision model, output the corresponding construction area pollution index, and then evaluate the pollution level of each small construction supervision area and obtain the pollution level number of each small construction supervision area; The data fusion module integrates the construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number, and pollution level number of each small construction supervision area into the BIM construction supervision model, associates each small construction supervision area number with its corresponding construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number, and pollution level number, and outputs the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area through the BIM construction supervision model; The BIM construction supervision warning and output module, based on the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area, sends out risk warning signals and pollution warning signals for each small construction supervision area through buzzers and signal indicators, and generates construction supervision output reports for each small construction supervision area.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention closely combines BIM technology, GIS technology and modern information technology, and combines neural network algorithm and random forest algorithm to evaluate the relevant data of the three-dimensional coordinates of the construction supervision area, construction progress, personnel allocation, risk areas and pollution areas, so as to achieve real-time and comprehensive supervision and early warning of the construction process, solve the problem that traditional construction supervision relies heavily on manual labor and increases the probability of omissions in the construction supervision process, ensure that the method in the present invention can refine the dynamic monitoring standards for BIM-based construction supervision within a more precise range, so that the monitored data becomes a more accurate indicator under the same conditions. The development and application of this method have significantly enhanced the level of intelligence in the BIM-based construction supervision process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 Flowchart of the BIM-based construction supervision method of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a block diagram of the BIM-based construction supervision system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1, as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a BIM-based construction supervision method, which consists of the following steps: S1. Divide the target construction supervision area based on BIM, obtain each small construction supervision area, assign a number to each small construction supervision area, and then collect BIM construction supervision data. Among them, BIM construction supervision data includes progress supervision data, construction personnel supervision data, risk construction area supervision data, and pollution construction area supervision data, which provides a basis for the implementation of subsequent steps; S2. Build a BIM construction supervision model using BIM technology. Combined with GIS technology, assign three-dimensional coordinates to each small construction supervision area and construction personnel in the BIM construction supervision model, providing a data basis for subsequent analysis of the construction progress of each small construction supervision area; S3. Integrate progress supervision data and construction personnel supervision data into the BIM construction supervision model, analyze the construction progress of each small construction supervision area, and then divide each small construction supervision area into delayed construction areas and normal construction areas; S4. Combining the division results of each small construction supervision area, the construction personnel supervision data, and the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area and the construction personnel, generate a construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area, and number the construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area; S5. Based on the risky construction area supervision data, a neural network algorithm is used to construct a risky construction area supervision model, output the corresponding construction area risk index, and then evaluate the risk level of each small construction supervision area to obtain the risk level number of each small construction supervision area; S6. Using the random forest algorithm and the pollution construction area supervision data, a pollution construction area supervision model is constructed, and the pollution index of the corresponding construction area is output. Then, the pollution level of each small construction supervision area is evaluated and the pollution level number of each small construction supervision area is obtained; S7. Integrate the construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number, and pollution level number of each small construction supervision area into the BIM construction supervision model, associate each small construction supervision area number with its corresponding construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number, and pollution level number, and output the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area through the BIM construction supervision model; S8. Based on the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area, risk warning signals and pollution warning signals of each small construction supervision area are issued through buzzers and signal indicators, and construction supervision output reports of each small construction supervision area are generated, realizing the visualization of BIM-based construction supervision results.

[0019] In S1, the target construction supervision area based on BIM is divided, each small construction supervision area is obtained, and each small construction supervision area is assigned a number. The process of collecting BIM construction supervision data includes: Divide the BIM-based target construction supervision area into several small construction supervision areas of equal volume, and assign numbers to each small construction supervision area; Deploy various data collection devices, combined with Primavera schedule management software, to collect BIM construction supervision data. These include smart work badges, online inclinometers, static levels, high-precision dual-axis tilt sensors, strain gauges, three-cup wind speed sensors, tipping bucket rain gauges, field foundation bearing capacity detectors, Hall effect magnetometers, laser scattering monitors, online noise monitors, dust monitors, pH meters, and light pollution monitors. Progress supervision data includes the process name, planned construction period, planned project quantity, real-time construction period and real-time completion quantity in each small construction supervision area; construction personnel supervision data includes the construction personnel number and work status, among which the construction personnel's work status consists of idle state, working state and vacation state; risk construction area supervision data includes the real-time foundation pit displacement, real-time scaffolding settlement value, real-time tower crane inclination, real-time high-support formwork stress, real-time wind speed, real-time rainfall, real-time soil bearing capacity and real-time magnetic field strength of each small construction supervision area; pollution construction area supervision data includes the real-time PM2.5 concentration, real-time PM10 concentration, real-time noise decibel value, real-time dust particulate matter content, sewage pH value and light pollution intensity of each small construction supervision area; Through Primavera progress management software, the process name, planned duration, planned project quantity, real-time duration and real-time completion quantity in each small construction supervision area are counted; smart work badges are assigned to each construction worker involved in the construction process, and the construction worker's number and work status are collected; online inclinometers are used to collect real-time foundation pit displacement in each small construction supervision area; static levels are used to collect real-time scaffolding settlement values ​​in each small construction supervision area; high-precision dual-axis inclination sensors are used to collect real-time tower crane inclination in each small construction supervision area; stress gauges are used to collect real-time High formwork stress; combined with a three-cup wind speed sensor, a tipping bucket rain sensor, a foundation bearing capacity on-site detector and a Hall effect magnetometer, the real-time wind speed, real-time rainfall, real-time soil bearing capacity and real-time magnetic field strength of each small construction supervision area are collected; a laser scattering method monitor is used, combined with Mie scattering theory, to collect the real-time PM2.5 concentration and real-time PM10 concentration of each small construction supervision area; through the noise online monitor, dust monitor, pH meter and light pollution monitor, the real-time noise decibel value, real-time dust particulate matter content, sewage pH value and light pollution intensity of each small construction supervision area are collected respectively; The collected BIM construction supervision data is cleaned, and the collected risk construction area supervision data and polluted construction area supervision data are standardized. Timestamps are assigned to the pre-processed progress supervision data, construction personnel supervision data, risk construction area supervision data and polluted construction area supervision data respectively. The assigned timestamps are adjusted to achieve synchronization of progress supervision data, construction personnel supervision data, risk construction area supervision data and polluted construction area supervision data in the time dimension. The risk construction area supervision data and polluted construction area supervision data are integrated to generate a BIM construction supervision dataset.

[0020] In S2, the process of constructing a BIM construction supervision model and combining it with GIS technology to assign three-dimensional coordinates to each small construction supervision area and construction personnel in the BIM construction supervision model includes: Using Revit software, attribute fields were added to each small construction supervision area, and the extreme three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of the boundaries of each small construction supervision area were obtained to build a BIM construction supervision model. The attribute fields of each small construction supervision area included the process name, planned duration, planned construction quantity, real-time duration and real-time completion quantity of each small construction supervision area, as well as the construction personnel number and work status. Using ArcGIS software, generate a three-dimensional model of each construction supervision area, unify the coordinate system of the three-dimensional model of each construction supervision area with the coordinate system of the BIM construction supervision model, export the BIM construction supervision model to IFC format, and use ArcGIS CityEngine software to import the BIM construction supervision model in IFC format into the GIS platform to achieve the superposition of the BIM construction supervision model and the three-dimensional space of each construction supervision area, and then obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area and construction personnel.

[0021] In S3, progress supervision data and construction personnel supervision data are integrated into the BIM construction supervision model to analyze the construction progress of each small construction supervision area. The process of dividing each small construction supervision area includes: Using Revit software, the progress supervision data and construction personnel supervision data are respectively filled into the attribute fields of each small construction supervision area to achieve the integration of progress supervision data and construction personnel supervision data; Calculate the ratio of the real-time duration of each process name in each small construction supervision area to the planned duration to obtain the construction time progress; obtain the construction work progress by calculating the proportion of the real-time completion amount of each process name in each small construction supervision area to the planned work amount; Assign weights to the construction time progress and construction quantity progress respectively, and use the weighted average method to calculate the construction progress of each small construction supervision area. The calculation process is as follows: E=w a ×ea +w b ×e b ; Among them, E is the construction progress of each small construction supervision area, w a and w b are the weights of construction time progress and construction quantity progress, e a and e b They are construction time progress and construction quantity progress respectively; When the construction progress of a small construction supervision area is lower than 60%, the corresponding small construction supervision area will be divided into a delayed construction area; when the construction progress of a small construction supervision area is higher than 60%, the corresponding small construction supervision area will be divided into a normal construction area.

[0022] In S4, the process of generating a construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area and numbering the construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area includes: Based on the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area and the construction workers, each small construction supervision area and the construction workers within it are matched. Combined with the division results of each small construction supervision area, the number of construction workers in the delayed construction area and the normal construction area are counted separately; According to the working status of the construction workers, the number of construction workers in idle, working, and vacation status in the delayed construction area and the normal construction area is obtained, and then the construction workers in each small construction supervision area are redistributed, and the construction worker redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area is generated and numbered; The specific plan for the reallocation of construction personnel in each small construction supervision area is as follows: analyze the number of construction personnel in the delayed construction area and the normal construction area who are idle, working, and on vacation, set a target number of construction personnel for the delayed construction area, and reallocate the idle construction personnel in the normal construction area to the delayed construction area for work, and do not reallocate the construction personnel on vacation; when all idle construction personnel in the normal construction area have been reallocated, if the number of construction personnel in the delayed construction area still does not reach the set target number of construction personnel, then the working construction personnel in the normal construction area with an advanced construction progress will be reallocated.

[0023] In S5, a risky construction area supervision model is constructed, and the corresponding construction area risk index is output. Then, the risk level of each small construction supervision area is evaluated. The process of obtaining the risk level number of each small construction supervision area includes: Extract the risk construction area supervision data from the BIM construction supervision dataset and divide the extracted data into the first training set and the first test set in a ratio of 7:3; A neural network algorithm is used, with the first training set data as input and the construction area risk index as output. The nonlinear relationship between the real-time foundation pit displacement, real-time scaffolding settlement, real-time tower crane inclination, real-time high-support formwork stress, real-time wind speed, real-time rainfall, real-time soil bearing capacity, real-time magnetic field intensity and the construction area risk index of each small construction supervision area is learned to train a risk construction area supervision model. Input the first test set data into the risky construction area supervision model, use the Adam optimizer to adjust the risky construction area supervision model parameters, optimize the risky construction area supervision model performance, and obtain the final risky construction area supervision model; Input the current risky construction area supervision data into the risky construction area supervision model and output the corresponding construction area risk index; When the construction area risk index is lower than 0.3, it corresponds to a low-risk level of the construction area, numbered a1; when the construction area risk index is between 0.3 and 0.7, it corresponds to a medium-risk level of the construction area, numbered a2; when the construction area risk index is higher than 0.7, it corresponds to a high-risk level of the construction area, numbered a3.

[0024] In S6, a pollution construction area supervision model is constructed to output the pollution index of the corresponding construction area, and then the pollution level of each small construction supervision area is evaluated. The process of obtaining the pollution level number of each small construction supervision area includes: Extract the polluted construction area supervision data from the BIM construction supervision dataset and divide the extracted data into the second training set and the second test set in a ratio of 6:4; Using the random forest algorithm, the second training set data is used as input and the construction area pollution index is used as output. The nonlinear relationship between the real-time PM2.5 concentration, PM10 concentration, noise decibel value, dust particle content, sewage pH value, light pollution intensity and the construction area pollution index of each small construction supervision area is learned to train a pollution construction area supervision model. The second test set data is input into the polluted construction area supervision model. The Adam optimizer is used to adjust the model parameters of the polluted construction area supervision model, optimize the performance of the polluted construction area supervision model, and obtain the final polluted construction area supervision model. Input the current pollution construction area supervision data into the pollution construction area supervision model and output the corresponding construction area pollution index; When the pollution index of the construction area is lower than 0.4, it corresponds to a low pollution level in the construction area, numbered b1; when the pollution index of the construction area is between 0.4 and 0.6, it corresponds to a pollution level in the construction area, numbered b2; when the pollution index of the construction area is higher than 0.6, it corresponds to a high pollution level in the construction area, numbered b3.

[0025] In S7, the output process of construction supervision data for each small construction supervision area includes: Using Revit software, the construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number, and pollution level number of each small construction supervision area are respectively filled into the attribute fields of each small construction supervision area, thereby integrating the construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number, and pollution level number of each small construction supervision area into the BIM construction supervision model; Through the attribute fields of each small construction supervision area, the association of each small construction supervision area number with its corresponding construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number and pollution level number is achieved; The current BIM construction supervision model is used to output the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area, wherein the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area includes the number of each small construction supervision area, three-dimensional coordinates, construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number and pollution level number.

[0026] In S8, the process of issuing risk warning signals and pollution warning signals for each small construction supervision area and generating construction supervision output reports for each small construction supervision area includes: BIM-based construction supervision buzzers and signal indicators are set up in each small construction supervision area. The signal indicators include risk warning signal indicators and pollution warning signal indicators. The signal indicator lights can be displayed in green, yellow and red. Extract the risk level number of each small construction supervision area from the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area, match the risk level of each small construction supervision area, when each small construction supervision area is at a low risk level of the construction area, locate the corresponding small construction supervision area according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area, and dispatch the risk warning signal indicator of the corresponding small construction supervision area to light up green; when each small construction supervision area is at a high risk level in the construction area, locate the corresponding small construction supervision area according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area, and dispatch the risk warning signal indicator of the corresponding small construction supervision area to light up yellow; when each small construction supervision area is at a high risk level of the construction area, locate the corresponding small construction supervision area according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area, dispatch the buzzer alarm and the risk warning signal indicator of the corresponding small construction supervision area to light up red, thereby issuing risk warning signals for each small construction supervision area; Extract the pollution level number of each small construction supervision area from the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area, match the pollution level of each small construction supervision area, when each small construction supervision area is a low pollution level of the construction area, locate the corresponding small construction supervision area according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area, and dispatch the pollution warning signal indicator of the corresponding small construction supervision area to light up green; when each small construction supervision area is a pollution level in the construction area, locate the corresponding small construction supervision area according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area, and dispatch the pollution warning signal indicator of the corresponding small construction supervision area to light up yellow; when each small construction supervision area is a high pollution level of the construction area, locate the corresponding small construction supervision area according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area, dispatch the buzzer alarm and the pollution warning signal indicator of the corresponding small construction supervision area to light up red, thereby issuing pollution warning signals for each small construction supervision area; The construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area is integrated, and data report generation technology is used to generate construction supervision output reports for each small construction supervision area.

[0027] Example 2, as Figure 2 As shown, the BIM-based construction supervision system is used to implement the BIM-based construction supervision method in Example 1, including a BIM construction supervision data acquisition module, a BIM construction supervision model building and analysis module, a construction supervision area risk level assessment module, a construction supervision area pollution level assessment module, a data fusion module and a BIM construction supervision early warning and output module, wherein each module is communicatively connected; The BIM construction supervision data collection module divides the target construction supervision area based on BIM, obtains each small construction supervision area, assigns a number to each small construction supervision area, and then collects BIM construction supervision data. Among them, BIM construction supervision data includes progress supervision data, construction personnel supervision data, risk construction area supervision data, and contaminated construction area supervision data; The BIM construction supervision model construction and analysis module is divided into a BIM construction supervision model construction unit, a BIM construction supervision model analysis unit, and a construction personnel redistribution plan output unit; The BIM construction supervision model construction unit uses BIM technology to build a BIM construction supervision model. Combined with GIS technology, it assigns three-dimensional coordinates to each small construction supervision area and construction personnel in the BIM construction supervision model. The BIM construction supervision model analysis unit integrates progress supervision data and construction personnel supervision data into the BIM construction supervision model, analyzes the construction progress of each small construction supervision area, and then divides each small construction supervision area into delayed construction areas and normal construction areas; The construction personnel redistribution plan output unit generates a construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area based on the division results of each small construction supervision area, the construction personnel supervision data, and the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area and the construction personnel, and numbers the construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area; The construction supervision area risk level assessment module uses a neural network algorithm to build a risk construction area supervision model based on risk construction area supervision data, outputs the corresponding construction area risk index, and then evaluates the risk level of each small construction supervision area and obtains the risk level number of each small construction supervision area; The pollution level assessment module for construction supervision areas uses the random forest algorithm and pollution construction area supervision data to build a pollution construction area supervision model, output the corresponding construction area pollution index, and then evaluate the pollution level of each small construction supervision area and obtain the pollution level number of each small construction supervision area; The data fusion module integrates the construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number, and pollution level number of each small construction supervision area into the BIM construction supervision model, associates each small construction supervision area number with its corresponding construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number, and pollution level number, and outputs the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area through the BIM construction supervision model; The BIM construction supervision warning and output module, based on the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area, sends out risk warning signals and pollution warning signals for each small construction supervision area through buzzers and signal indicators, and generates construction supervision output reports for each small construction supervision area.

Claims

1. The BIM-based construction supervision method is characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1. Divide the target construction supervision area based on BIM, obtain each small construction supervision area, assign a number to each small construction supervision area, and then collect BIM construction supervision data, including progress supervision data, construction personnel supervision data, risk construction area supervision data, and pollution construction area supervision data; S2. Use BIM technology to build a BIM construction supervision model. Combined with GIS technology, assign three-dimensional coordinates to each small construction supervision area and construction personnel in the BIM construction supervision model. S3. Integrate progress supervision data and construction personnel supervision data into the BIM construction supervision model, analyze the construction progress of each small construction supervision area, and then divide each small construction supervision area into delayed construction areas and normal construction areas; S4. Combining the division results of each small construction supervision area, the construction personnel supervision data, and the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area and the construction personnel, generate a construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area, and number the construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area; S5. Based on the risky construction area supervision data, a neural network algorithm is used to construct a risky construction area supervision model, output the corresponding construction area risk index, and then evaluate the risk level of each small construction supervision area to obtain the risk level number of each small construction supervision area; S6. Using the random forest algorithm and the pollution construction area supervision data, a pollution construction area supervision model is constructed, and the pollution index of the corresponding construction area is output. Then, the pollution level of each small construction supervision area is evaluated and the pollution level number of each small construction supervision area is obtained; S7. Integrate the construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number, and pollution level number of each small construction supervision area into the BIM construction supervision model, associate each small construction supervision area number with its corresponding construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number, and pollution level number, and output the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area through the BIM construction supervision model; S8. Based on the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area, the risk warning signal and pollution warning signal of each small construction supervision area are issued through the buzzer and signal indicator light, and the construction supervision output report of each small construction supervision area is generated.

2. The BIM-based construction supervision method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the process of dividing the target construction supervision area based on BIM, obtaining each small construction supervision area, assigning a number to each small construction supervision area, and then collecting BIM construction supervision data includes: Divide the BIM-based target construction supervision area into several small construction supervision areas of equal volume, and assign numbers to each small construction supervision area; Deploy various data collection devices, combined with Primavera schedule management software, to collect BIM construction supervision data. These include smart work badges, online inclinometers, static levels, high-precision dual-axis tilt sensors, strain gauges, three-cup wind speed sensors, tipping bucket rain gauges, field foundation bearing capacity detectors, Hall effect magnetometers, laser scattering monitors, online noise monitors, dust monitors, pH meters, and light pollution monitors. Progress supervision data includes the process name, planned construction period, planned project quantity, real-time construction period and real-time completion quantity in each small construction supervision area; construction personnel supervision data includes the construction personnel number and work status, among which the construction personnel's work status consists of idle state, working state and vacation state; risk construction area supervision data includes the real-time foundation pit displacement, real-time scaffolding settlement value, real-time tower crane inclination, real-time high-support formwork stress, real-time wind speed, real-time rainfall, real-time soil bearing capacity and real-time magnetic field strength in each small construction supervision area; pollution construction area supervision data includes the real-time PM2.5 concentration, real-time PM10 concentration, real-time noise decibel value, real-time dust particulate matter content, sewage pH value and light pollution intensity in each small construction supervision area; The collected BIM construction supervision data is cleaned, and the collected risk construction area supervision data and polluted construction area supervision data are standardized. Timestamps are assigned to the pre-processed progress supervision data, construction personnel supervision data, risk construction area supervision data and polluted construction area supervision data respectively. The assigned timestamps are adjusted to achieve synchronization of progress supervision data, construction personnel supervision data, risk construction area supervision data and polluted construction area supervision data in the time dimension. The risk construction area supervision data and polluted construction area supervision data are integrated to generate a BIM construction supervision dataset.

3. The BIM-based construction supervision method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S2, the process of constructing a BIM construction supervision model and assigning three-dimensional coordinates to each small construction supervision area and construction personnel in the BIM construction supervision model in combination with GIS technology includes: Using Revit software, attribute fields were added to each small construction supervision area, and the extreme three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of the boundaries of each small construction supervision area were obtained to build a BIM construction supervision model. The attribute fields of each small construction supervision area included the process name, planned duration, planned construction quantity, real-time duration and real-time completion quantity of each small construction supervision area, as well as the construction personnel number and work status. Using ArcGIS software, generate a three-dimensional model of each construction supervision area, unify the coordinate system of the three-dimensional model of each construction supervision area with the coordinate system of the BIM construction supervision model, export the BIM construction supervision model into IFC format, and use ArcGIS City Engine software to import the BIM construction supervision model in IFC format into the GIS platform to achieve the superposition of the BIM construction supervision model and the three-dimensional space of each construction supervision area, and then obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area and construction personnel.

4. The BIM-based construction supervision method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S3, the process of integrating the progress supervision data and the construction personnel supervision data into the BIM construction supervision model, analyzing the construction progress of each small construction supervision area, and then dividing each small construction supervision area into a delayed construction area and a normal construction area includes: Using Revit software, fill progress supervision data and construction personnel supervision data into the attribute fields of each small construction supervision area; Calculate the ratio of the real-time duration of each process name in each small construction supervision area to the planned duration to obtain the construction time progress; obtain the construction work progress by calculating the proportion of the real-time completion amount of each process name in each small construction supervision area to the planned work amount; Assign weights to the construction time progress and construction quantity progress respectively, and use the weighted average method to calculate the construction progress of each small construction supervision area; When the construction progress of a small construction supervision area is lower than 60%, the corresponding small construction supervision area will be divided into a delayed construction area; when the construction progress of a small construction supervision area is higher than 60%, the corresponding small construction supervision area will be divided into a normal construction area.

5. The BIM-based construction supervision method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the aforementioned S4, the process of generating a construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area and numbering the construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area includes: Based on the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area and the construction workers, each small construction supervision area and the construction workers within it are matched. Combined with the division results of each small construction supervision area, the number of construction workers in the delayed construction area and the normal construction area are counted separately; According to the working status of the construction workers, the number of construction workers in idle, working and vacation status in the delayed construction area and the normal construction area is obtained, and then the construction workers in each small construction supervision area are redistributed, and the construction worker redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area is generated, and the construction worker redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area is numbered.

6. The BIM-based construction supervision method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the aforementioned S5, a risk construction area supervision model is constructed, and a corresponding construction area risk index is outputted, thereby evaluating the risk level of each small construction supervision area. The process of obtaining the risk level number of each small construction supervision area includes: Extract risky construction area supervision data from the BIM construction supervision dataset, and divide the extracted data into a first training set and a first test set; A neural network algorithm is used, with the first training set data as input and the construction area risk index as output. The nonlinear relationship between the real-time foundation pit displacement, real-time scaffolding settlement, real-time tower crane inclination, real-time high-support formwork stress, real-time wind speed, real-time rainfall, real-time soil bearing capacity, real-time magnetic field intensity and the construction area risk index of each small construction supervision area is learned to train a risk construction area supervision model. Input the first test set data into the risky construction area supervision model, use the Adam optimizer to adjust the risky construction area supervision model parameters, optimize the risky construction area supervision model performance, and obtain the final risky construction area supervision model; Input the current risky construction area supervision data into the risky construction area supervision model and output the corresponding construction area risk index; When the construction area risk index is lower than 0.3, it corresponds to a low-risk level of the construction area, numbered a1; when the construction area risk index is between 0.3 and 0.7, it corresponds to a medium-risk level of the construction area, numbered a2; when the construction area risk index is higher than 0.7, it corresponds to a high-risk level of the construction area, numbered a3.

7. The BIM-based construction supervision method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the aforementioned S6, a pollution construction area supervision model is constructed, and a pollution index of the corresponding construction area is outputted, thereby evaluating the pollution level of each small construction supervision area. The process of obtaining the pollution level number of each small construction supervision area includes: Extract the polluted construction area supervision data from the BIM construction supervision dataset, and divide the extracted data into a second training set and a second test set; Using the random forest algorithm, the second training set data is used as input and the construction area pollution index is used as output. The nonlinear relationship between the real-time PM2.5 concentration, PM10 concentration, noise decibel value, dust particle content, sewage pH value, light pollution intensity and the construction area pollution index of each small construction supervision area is learned to train a pollution construction area supervision model. The second test set data is input into the polluted construction area supervision model. The Adam optimizer is used to adjust the model parameters of the polluted construction area supervision model, optimize the performance of the polluted construction area supervision model, and obtain the final polluted construction area supervision model. Input the current pollution construction area supervision data into the pollution construction area supervision model and output the corresponding construction area pollution index; When the pollution index of the construction area is lower than 0.4, it corresponds to a low pollution level in the construction area, numbered b1; when the pollution index of the construction area is between 0.4 and 0.6, it corresponds to a pollution level in the construction area, numbered b2; when the pollution index of the construction area is higher than 0.6, it corresponds to a high pollution level in the construction area, numbered b3.

8. The BIM-based construction supervision method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the aforementioned S7, the process of outputting the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area includes: Using Revit software, fill in the construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number, and pollution level number of each small construction supervision area into the attribute fields of each small construction supervision area; Through the attribute fields of each small construction supervision area, the association of each small construction supervision area number with its corresponding construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number and pollution level number is achieved; The current BIM construction supervision model is used to output the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area, including the number, three-dimensional coordinates, construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number and pollution level number of each small construction supervision area.

9. The BIM-based construction supervision method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the aforementioned S8, the process of issuing risk warning signals and pollution warning signals for each small construction supervision area and generating a construction supervision output report for each small construction supervision area includes: BIM-based construction supervision buzzers and signal indicators are set up in each small construction supervision area. The signal indicators include risk warning signal indicators and pollution warning signal indicators. The signal indicator lights can be displayed in green, yellow and red. Extract the risk level number of each small construction supervision area from the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area, match the risk level of each small construction supervision area, and when each small construction supervision area is at a low risk level, locate the corresponding small construction supervision area according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area, and schedule the risk warning signal indicator of the corresponding small construction supervision area to turn on green; When each small construction supervision area is at a higher risk level than the construction area, the corresponding small construction supervision area is located according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area, and the risk warning signal indicator of the corresponding small construction supervision area is scheduled to light up yellow; When each small construction supervision area is at a high-risk level, the system locates the corresponding small construction supervision area according to its three-dimensional coordinates, and dispatches the buzzer alarm and risk warning signal indicator of the corresponding small construction supervision area to light up red; Extract the pollution level number of each small construction supervision area from the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area, match the pollution level of each small construction supervision area, and when each small construction supervision area is at a low pollution level, locate the corresponding small construction supervision area according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area, and schedule the pollution warning signal indicator of the corresponding small construction supervision area to turn on green; When each small construction supervision area is at the pollution level within the construction area, the corresponding small construction supervision area is located according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area, and the pollution warning signal indicator light of the corresponding small construction supervision area is scheduled to turn on yellow; When each small construction supervision area is at a high pollution level, the system locates the corresponding small construction supervision area according to the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area, and dispatches the buzzer alarm and pollution warning signal indicator of the corresponding small construction supervision area to light up red; The construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area is integrated, and data report generation technology is used to generate construction supervision output reports for each small construction supervision area.

10. A BIM-based construction supervision system for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Includes communication connections for the following modules: The BIM construction supervision data collection module divides the target construction supervision area based on BIM, obtains each small construction supervision area, assigns a number to each small construction supervision area, and then collects BIM construction supervision data, including progress supervision data, construction personnel supervision data, risk construction area supervision data, and pollution construction area supervision data; The BIM construction supervision model construction and analysis module is divided into a BIM construction supervision model construction unit, a BIM construction supervision model analysis unit, and a construction personnel redistribution plan output unit; The BIM construction supervision model construction unit uses BIM technology to build a BIM construction supervision model. Combined with GIS technology, it assigns three-dimensional coordinates to each small construction supervision area and construction personnel in the BIM construction supervision model. The BIM construction supervision model analysis unit integrates progress supervision data and construction personnel supervision data into the BIM construction supervision model, analyzes the construction progress of each small construction supervision area, and then divides each small construction supervision area into delayed construction areas and normal construction areas; The construction personnel redistribution plan output unit generates a construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area based on the division results of each small construction supervision area, the construction personnel supervision data, and the three-dimensional coordinates of each small construction supervision area and the construction personnel, and numbers the construction personnel redistribution plan for each small construction supervision area; The construction supervision area risk level assessment module uses a neural network algorithm to build a risk construction area supervision model based on risk construction area supervision data, outputs the corresponding construction area risk index, and then evaluates the risk level of each small construction supervision area and obtains the risk level number of each small construction supervision area; The pollution level assessment module for construction supervision areas uses the random forest algorithm and pollution construction area supervision data to build a pollution construction area supervision model, output the corresponding construction area pollution index, and then evaluate the pollution level of each small construction supervision area and obtain the pollution level number of each small construction supervision area; The data fusion module integrates the construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number, and pollution level number of each small construction supervision area into the BIM construction supervision model, associates each small construction supervision area number with its corresponding construction progress, construction personnel redistribution plan number, risk level number, and pollution level number, and outputs the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area through the BIM construction supervision model; The BIM construction supervision warning and output module, based on the construction supervision data of each small construction supervision area, sends out risk warning signals and pollution warning signals for each small construction supervision area through buzzers and signal indicators, and generates construction supervision output reports for each small construction supervision area.

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