Ecological restoration device and method for fish habitat

Abstract

The invention discloses a fish habitat ecological restoration device and method.The device comprises a floating type ecological restoration platform and a protective layer located on the periphery of the floating type ecological restoration platform, and the floating type ecological restoration platform comprises a matrix structure composed of buoyancy units connected through elastic connecting pieces; the matrix structure is connected with the protective layer through a second telescopic assembly, the bottom of the matrix structure is anchored on a riverbed at the bottom of a water body through an anchoring assembly, a control system is arranged on the protective layer, and the second telescopic assembly is electrically connected with the control system. By means of the anchoring assembly with the adjustable length and the second telescopic assembly, the device can resist damage to restoration facilities caused by water areas large in water level amplitude and unstable in water flow, ecological restoration is continuously conducted, and then the restoration effect is guaranteed. And through the arrangement of the solar cell panel, the dependence on the outside can be reduced, and the device is suitable for being arranged in remote areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular relates to an ecological restoration device and method for fish habitats. Background Art

[0002] Ecological restoration of fish habitats is a key component of ecological restoration. Fish habitat destruction is caused by a variety of factors, including urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural activities, which have resulted in the pollution, landfilling, damming, and modification of large amounts of water bodies. The discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater contributes to eutrophication, impacting the habitat of fish. River damming alters flow patterns, blocking fish migration pathways and preventing many species from reaching suitable breeding and feeding areas. Natural factors such as natural disasters and climate change can also damage fish habitats. Extreme weather events such as floods and droughts can reduce water area and deteriorate water quality, impacting fish survival and reproduction. Furthermore, excessive commercial fishing, illegal fishing, and recreational fishing have led to drastic declines in many fish populations. The abundance of some important commercial fish species has declined significantly due to long-term overfishing, and is even at risk of depletion. Therefore, ecological restoration of fish habitats is urgently needed.

[0003] At present, the ecological restoration methods of fish habitats mainly include improving water quality, repairing water morphology and repairing fish communities, such as purifying water quality by controlling pollution and using aquatic plants and microorganisms; restoring the connectivity of rivers so that fish can migrate freely between different waters to find suitable breeding, feeding and overwintering places; providing fish with a good growth and reproduction environment by setting up artificial facilities; selecting suitable fish species for reproduction and release according to the ecological characteristics of the water area and the status of fish resources. These methods mentioned above can be beneficial to the ecological restoration of fish habitats to a certain extent, but it is well known that the living environment of fish is diverse. The above restoration methods have a certain degree of versatility, but for the restoration of special living environments, special restoration plans need to be specified. Among the many fish living environments, fish habitats in waters with large water level fluctuations and unstable water flows (such as reservoirs, mountain rivers, etc.) are a relatively special type. The ecological restoration of fish habitats in this environment faces the following technical difficulties:

[0004] Water level fluctuations can cause restoration facilities to fail. For example, traditional fixed fish nests and artificial reefs can become exposed and ineffective when the water level drops, or submerged and ineffective when the water level rises. Frequent water level fluctuations can lead to unstable contact between restoration materials and the water, compromising restoration effectiveness. Furthermore, water impact can damage and dissipate restoration materials. For example, during flood season, when water currents are turbulent, traditional restoration materials can be easily washed away or damaged. Sediment carried by the current can cover restoration facilities, compromising their functionality.

[0005] It can be seen that water areas with large water level fluctuations and unstable water flows are prone to damage to restoration facilities, thereby affecting the restoration effect.

[0006] A patent application document with publication number CN114831057A discloses a method for artificially constructing lake fish habitats. Although this method also solves the impact of large water level differences and unstable water flows on the fish ecological environment, the patent application document sets up fish gathering areas on floating islands. The fish gathering areas are specifically set below suspended artificial fish nests or bionic aquatic plants. The entire structure of the floating island is square or circular with an opening on one side, and the opening faces the upstream direction of the water flow. However, this structure cannot adjust the spacing between the fish gathering areas to achieve the effect of reducing the impact of the water flow on the overall structure. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an ecological restoration device and method for fish habitats.

[0008] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0009] The present invention provides an ecological restoration device for fish habitats, comprising a floating ecological restoration platform and a protective layer located on the periphery of the floating ecological restoration platform. The floating ecological restoration platform comprises a matrix structure composed of buoyancy units connected by elastic connectors. The matrix structure is connected to the protective layer via a second telescopic assembly. The bottom of the matrix structure is anchored to the riverbed at the bottom of the water body via an anchor assembly. A control system is provided on the protective layer, and the second telescopic assembly is electrically connected to the control system.

[0010] Preferably, the buoyancy unit includes a buoyancy upper cover and a buoyancy lower cover, the buoyancy upper cover and the buoyancy lower cover are connected by a connecting rod, the bottom of the buoyancy lower cover is anchored to the riverbed at the bottom of the water body by an anchoring assembly, and a fish nest is provided between the buoyancy upper cover and the buoyancy lower cover, and the fish nest is connected to the buoyancy upper cover and the buoyancy lower cover by an elastic rope.

[0011] Preferably, the fish nest comprises a multi-layer honeycomb structure arranged from top to bottom, an adhesive matrix is ​​provided on each layer of the honeycomb structure, and the multi-layer honeycomb structures are fixedly connected between the buoyancy upper cover and the buoyancy lower cover by elastic ropes.

[0012] Preferably, one or both of a photocatalyst and aquatic plants are provided on the surface of the buoyancy upper cover, and a water level sensor is installed on the buoyancy upper cover.

[0013] Preferably, a sinker is provided on the buoyancy lower cover, and a temperature sensor and a camera are provided on the buoyancy lower cover.

[0014] Preferably, the protective layer includes a circular inner plate and an outer plate, the inner plate is sleeved on the inner side of the outer plate, the inner plate is connected to the matrix structure through a second telescopic component, the top and bottom of the inner and outer plates are respectively connected by connecting plates, a third telescopic component is arranged on the inner plate, the third telescopic component is rotatably installed on one end away from the inner plate, and a notch is opened on the outer plate at the corresponding position of the tooth piece.

[0015] Preferably, partitions are radially arranged between the inner plate and the outer plate and on both sides of the third telescopic assembly, the two ends of the partitions are respectively connected to the inner plate and the outer plate, and a water flow rate sensor is installed on the outer surface of the outer plate.

[0016] Preferably, a motor is mounted on one end of the third telescopic assembly, a gear is mounted on the output shaft of the motor, and a solar cell panel is mounted on the outer plate.

[0017] Preferably, the anchoring assembly includes a first telescopic assembly and a flexible connector. The first telescopic assembly includes a fixed cylinder and a movable rod. The bottom of the fixed cylinder is fixed on the riverbed at the bottom of the water body. One end of the movable rod extends into the fixed cylinder and is slidably connected. The other end of the movable rod is connected to the flexible connector. The top of the flexible connector is connected to the buoyancy lower cover.

[0018] The method for using the ecological restoration device comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1: Collect information on the species and location of fish in the waters to be repaired, match the growth environment information suitable for the fish in the waters based on the information obtained, and set the corresponding parameters in the control system.

[0020] S2: Set up the ecological restoration device in the water area to be restored, and fix the matrix structure on the riverbed at the bottom of the water body through the anchoring assembly to carry out the restoration.

[0021] S3: During the repair process, the anchoring component adjusts its length according to the changes in water level, so that the buoyancy unit remains floating on the water surface and adapts to the changes in water level. The water flow rate sensor monitors the water flow rate data in real time and feeds the water flow rate data back to the control system. When the water flow rate exceeds the preset value, the control system controls the third telescopic component to extend and rotates the tooth plate through the motor. At the same time, the control system controls the extension of the second telescopic component to reduce the impact caused by the water flow. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature inside the buoyancy unit in real time and feeds the temperature data back to the control system. The camera is used to take pictures of the fish on the fish nest and the spawning behavior, and transmits them to the control system. The control system transmits the obtained temperature data and spawning behavior photo data to the user end of the communication connection for analysis.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] The invention utilizes an adjustable anchor assembly and a second telescopic assembly to protect the restoration facility from damage caused by large water level fluctuations and unstable currents, allowing for sustained ecological restoration and ensuring effective restoration. The installation of solar panels reduces external dependence, making it suitable for installation in remote areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the specific structure of the buoyancy unit;

[0026] Figure 3 is a structural diagram of the anchoring assembly;

[0027] Figure 4 Side view of the outer plate.

[0028] In the figure: 1-buoyancy unit, 10-camera, 11-buoyancy upper cover, 12-buoyancy lower cover, 121-sinker, 13-fish nest, 14-connecting rod, 15-solar panel, 16-water level sensor, 17-elastic rope, 18-elastic rope, 19-temperature sensor, 2-protective layer, 21-inner plate, 22-outer plate, 23-partition, 24-third telescopic component, 25-tooth piece, 26-chambers, 27-water flow rate sensor, 3-control system, 4-second telescopic component, 5-elastic connector, 6-anchoring component, 61-first telescopic component, 611-fixed cylinder, 612-moving rod, 62-flexible connector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of protection claimed is not limited to the description.

[0030] Example:

[0031] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, an ecological restoration device for fish habitats includes a floating ecological restoration platform and a protective layer 2 located on the periphery of the floating ecological restoration platform. The floating ecological restoration platform includes a matrix structure composed of buoyancy units 1 connected by elastic connectors 5. The matrix structure is connected to the protective layer 2 via a second telescopic component 4. The bottom of the matrix structure is anchored to the riverbed at the bottom of the water body via an anchor component 6. A control system 3 is provided on the protective layer 2. The second telescopic component 4 is electrically connected to the control system 3, and the control system 3 is communicatively connected to the user end.

[0032] The buoyancy unit 1 includes a buoyancy upper cover 11 and a buoyancy lower cover 12. The second telescopic assembly 4 can be connected to the buoyancy upper cover 11 or the buoyancy lower cover 12. To ensure that the floating ecological restoration platform can float on the water surface and does not undergo significant displacement changes with the water flow, the buoyancy upper cover 11 and the buoyancy lower cover 12 are connected by a connecting rod 14. The bottom of the buoyancy lower cover 12 is anchored to the riverbed at the bottom of the water body by an anchor assembly 6. A fish nest 13 is provided between the buoyancy upper cover 11 and the buoyancy lower cover 12. The fish nest 13 is connected to the buoyancy upper cover 11 and the buoyancy lower cover 12 by an elastic rope 18. The buoyancy upper cover 11, the buoyancy lower cover 12 and the fish nest 13 are all disc-shaped and coaxially arranged.

[0033] The fish nest 13 includes a multi-layer honeycomb structure arranged from top to bottom, an adhesive matrix is ​​arranged on each layer of the honeycomb structure, and the multi-layer honeycomb structures are fixedly connected between the buoyancy upper cover 11 and the buoyancy lower cover 12 by elastic ropes 18.

[0034] The surface of the buoyancy cover 11 is provided with one or both of a photocatalyst 17 and aquatic plants according to actual conditions. A water level sensor 16 is installed on the buoyancy cover 11 , and the water level sensor 16 is electrically connected to the control system 3 .

[0035] A sinker 121 is provided on the buoyancy lower cover 12 , and a temperature sensor 19 and a camera 10 are provided on the buoyancy lower cover 12 . The temperature sensor 19 and the camera 10 are electrically connected to the control system 3 respectively.

[0036] The overall structure of the buoyancy unit 1 is relatively loose, which can reduce the impact of water flow and reduce the risk of debris accumulation.

[0037] The protective layer 2 includes a circular inner plate 21 and an outer plate 22. The inner plate 21 is sleeved on the inner side of the outer plate 22. The inner plate 21 is connected to the matrix structure through a second telescopic component 4. The top and bottom of the inner plate 21 and the outer plate 22 are respectively connected by connecting plates. A plurality of third telescopic components 24 are arranged on the inner plate 21. The third telescopic component 24 is rotatably installed on one end away from the inner plate 21. The outer plate 22 has a notch at the corresponding position of the tooth piece 25. Under the action of the third telescopic component 24, the tooth piece 25 extends to the outside of the outer plate 22 and rotates.

[0038] Partitions 23 are radially arranged between the inner plate 21 and the outer plate 22 and on both sides of the third telescopic assembly 24. The two ends of the partition 23 are respectively connected to the inner plate 21 and the outer plate 22. The partition 23 divides the cavity structure between the inner plate 21 and the outer plate 22 into several chambers 26, one of which is equipped with a control system 3. A water flow rate sensor 27 is installed on the outer surface of the outer plate 22. The water flow rate sensor 27 and the third telescopic assembly 24 are electrically connected to the control system 3 respectively.

[0039] The third telescopic assembly 24 is located at one end of the gear piece 25 to install a motor, the output shaft of the motor is installed with the gear piece 25, and the solar cell panel 15 is installed on the outer plate 22, and the solar cell panel 15 is used to power the device.

[0040] The anchor assembly 6 includes a first telescopic assembly 61 and a flexible connector 62. The first telescopic assembly 61 includes a fixed cylinder 611 and a movable rod 612. The bottom of the fixed cylinder 611 is fixed on the riverbed at the bottom of the water body. One end of the movable rod 612 is inserted into the fixed cylinder 611 for sliding connection. The other end of the movable rod 612 is connected to the flexible connector 62. The top of the flexible connector 62 is connected to the buoyancy lower cover 12. The anchor assembly 6 can adjust the length of the first telescopic assembly 61 according to the change of the water level so that the buoyancy upper cover in each buoyancy unit can float on the water surface and be suitable for the corresponding water level. On the other hand, the flexible connector 62 ensures that the floating ecological restoration platform can adapt to the water flow to a certain extent, improves flexibility, and reduces the damage of unstable water flow to the restoration system.

[0041] The method for using the ecological restoration device comprises the following steps:

[0042] S1: Collect information on the species and location of fish in the water area to be restored, match the growth environment information suitable for the fish in the water area based on the information obtained, and set corresponding parameters in the control system 3;

[0043] S2: The ecological restoration device is placed in the water area to be restored, and the matrix structure is fixed to the riverbed at the bottom of the water body by the anchoring assembly 6 to perform restoration;

[0044] S3: During the repair process, the anchoring assembly 6 adjusts its length according to the change of water level, so that the buoyancy unit 1 remains floating on the water surface and adapts to the change of water level. The water flow rate sensor 27 monitors the water flow rate data in real time and feeds back the water flow rate data to the control system 3. When the water flow rate exceeds the preset value, the control system 3 controls the third telescopic assembly 24 to extend and rotates the tooth plate 25 through the motor to disturb the water flow and reduce the scouring force of the water flow. At the same time, the control system 3 controls the second telescopic assembly 4 to extend and shorten the distance between each buoyancy unit so that the buoyancy unit can adapt to the change of water flow, reduce the relative scouring effect between the buoyancy unit and the water flow, and slow down the impact caused by the water flow. When the water flow rate drops to the preset value, the rotation of the tooth plate 25 is stopped, and the third telescopic assembly 24 is retracted to stop the disturbing effect on the water body. At the same time, the second telescopic assembly 4 is retracted to expand the distance between each buoyancy unit, thereby improving the ability to capture fish eggs and increasing the area of ​​spawning grounds.

[0045] The temperature sensor 19 monitors the temperature inside the buoyancy unit 1 in real time and feeds the temperature data back to the control system 3. The camera 10 is used to photograph the fish and spawning behavior on the fish nest 13 and transmit it to the control system 3. The control system 3 transmits the obtained temperature data and spawning behavior photo data to the user end of the communication connection for analysis and recording. The photocatalyst 17 is used to decompose water pollutants under light, and the artificial aquatic plants installed on the surface of the buoyancy cover 11 provide a suitable habitat for fish.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration device for fish habitats, characterized by: The invention comprises a floating ecological restoration platform and a protective layer (2) located on the periphery of the floating ecological restoration platform. The floating ecological restoration platform comprises a matrix structure composed of buoyancy units (1) connected by elastic connectors (5). The matrix structure is connected to the protective layer (2) via a second telescopic component (4). The bottom of the matrix structure is anchored to the riverbed at the bottom of the water body via an anchoring component (6). A control system (3) is arranged on the protective layer (2). The second telescopic component (4) is electrically connected to the control system (3).

2. The ecological restoration device for fish habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buoyancy unit (1) comprises a buoyancy upper cover (11) and a buoyancy lower cover (12), wherein the buoyancy upper cover (11) and the buoyancy lower cover (12) are connected via a connecting rod (14), and the bottom of the buoyancy lower cover (12) is anchored on the riverbed at the bottom of the water body via an anchoring assembly (6); a fish nest (13) is provided between the buoyancy upper cover (11) and the buoyancy lower cover (12), and the fish nest (13) is connected to the buoyancy upper cover (11) and the buoyancy lower cover (12) via an elastic rope (18).

3. The ecological restoration device for fish habitat according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fish nest (13) comprises a multi-layer honeycomb structure arranged from top to bottom, an adhesive matrix is ​​arranged on each layer of the honeycomb structure, and the multi-layer honeycomb structures are fixedly connected between the buoyancy upper cover (11) and the buoyancy lower cover (12) through elastic ropes (18).

4. The ecological restoration device for fish habitat according to claim 2, characterized in that: One or both of a photocatalyst (17) and aquatic plants are arranged on the surface of the buoyancy upper cover (11), and a water level sensor (16) is installed on the buoyancy upper cover (11).

5. The ecological restoration device for fish habitat according to claim 2, characterized in that: A sinker (121) is provided on the buoyancy lower cover (12), and a temperature sensor (19) and a camera (10) are provided on the buoyancy lower cover (12).

6. The ecological restoration device for fish habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective layer (2) comprises a circular inner plate (21) and an outer plate (22), wherein the inner plate (21) is sleeved on the inner side of the outer plate (22), and the inner plate (21) is connected to the matrix structure via a second telescopic assembly (4); the top and bottom of the inner plate (21) and the outer plate (22) are respectively connected via connecting plates, a third telescopic assembly (24) is provided on the inner plate (21), and a tooth piece (25) is rotatably installed at one end of the third telescopic assembly (24) away from the inner plate (21), and a notch is provided on the outer plate (22) at a position corresponding to the tooth piece (25).

7. The ecological restoration device for fish habitat according to claim 6, characterized in that: A partition plate (23) is provided between the inner plate (21) and the outer plate (22) and on both sides of the third telescopic assembly (24) in a radial direction. The two ends of the partition plate (23) are respectively connected to the inner plate (21) and the outer plate (22). A water flow rate sensor (27) is installed on the outer surface of the outer plate (22).

8. The ecological restoration device for fish habitats according to claim 6, characterized in that: A motor is installed at one end of the third telescopic assembly (24), a gear piece (25) is installed on the output shaft of the motor, and a solar cell panel (15) is installed on the outer plate (22).

9. The ecological restoration device for fish habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring assembly (6) comprises a first telescopic assembly (61) and a flexible connector (62). The first telescopic assembly (61) comprises a fixed cylinder (611) and a movable rod (612). The bottom of the fixed cylinder (611) is fixed on the riverbed at the bottom of the water body. One end of the movable rod (612) extends into the fixed cylinder (611) and is slidably connected thereto. The other end of the movable rod (612) is connected to the flexible connector (62). The top of the flexible connector (62) is connected to the buoyancy lower cover (12).

10. A method for using the ecological restoration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Collect information on the species and location of fish in the water area to be repaired, match the growth environment information suitable for the fish in the water area based on the information obtained, and set corresponding parameters in the control system (3); S2: The ecological restoration device is placed in the water area to be restored, and the matrix structure is fixed to the riverbed at the bottom of the water body by the anchoring assembly (6) to perform restoration; S3: During the repair process, the anchoring component (6) is adjusted in length according to the change of water level, so that the buoyancy unit (1) remains floating on the water surface and adapts to the change of water level; the water flow rate data is monitored in real time, and the water flow rate data is fed back to the control system (3); when the water flow rate exceeds the preset value, the control system (3) controls the second telescopic component (4) to extend to reduce the impact caused by the water flow; the temperature inside the buoyancy unit (1) is monitored in real time, and the temperature data is fed back to the control system (3); the fish and spawning habitat behavior are photographed and transmitted to the control system (3), and the control system (3) transmits the obtained temperature data and spawning habitat behavior photo data to the communication connected user end for analysis.

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