Liftable tilting casting machine and casting method

Abstract

The invention provides a liftable tilting pouring machine and a pouring method, and particularly relates to the technical field of casting. The casting machine comprises a transfer trolley, a lifting mechanism, a conveying mechanism, a translation mechanism and a tilting mechanism, the lifting mechanism is arranged on the transfer trolley, the conveying mechanism comprises a roller conveyor for conveying a casting ladle to enter and exit and unpowered rollers, and the translation mechanism is arranged above the conveying mechanism. The casting ladle can move along the unpowered rollers so as to adjust the horizontal distance between the casting ladle and a casting mold or a mold shell to be cast; and the tilting mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the translation mechanism, and the tilting mechanism and the translation mechanism are matched to control the casting ladle to rotate, so that the metal melt in the casting ladle is injected into a casting mold or a mold shell cavity to be poured. According to the casting machine, the height of the casting ladle can be adjusted according to the height of a casting mold or a mold shell, so that the casting production requirements of casting molds or mold shells with different heights are met, manual operation is not needed in the casting process, the production efficiency is improved, and potential safety hazards are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of casting, and in particular to a lifting and tilting pouring machine and a pouring method. Background Art

[0002] The foundry industry utilizes a large number of large-scale automatic pouring machines for molten metal in large-scale sand casting production. Because the mold height is relatively consistent, frequent adjustment of the ladle's pouring height is unnecessary, and lifting and lowering movements are rare. Chemical sand casting and investment casting utilize a wide variety of molds and mold shells, with low production volumes. Most processes utilize direct pouring from electric furnaces or manual ladle hoisting. These processes often suffer from low production efficiency, high operating temperatures, high labor intensity, and a high risk of workplace accidents.

[0003] Direct pouring with an electric furnace has the disadvantages of being difficult to achieve accurate and automatic quantitative measurement of the molten metal; the manual ladle pouring method requires the ladle to be transported over a long distance to the casting mold storage area, and the molten metal is stored in the ladle for a long time, which has the disadvantages of serious overheating and cooling of the molten metal, high energy consumption, poor consistency of pouring temperature, and high scrap rate of castings.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a pouring machine and a pouring method that can be raised and lowered and tilted to improve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a tiltable pouring machine and a pouring method to improve the problem that the existing pouring machine cannot be raised or lowered and can only be poured directly in an electric furnace or manually operated with a ladle.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose and other related purposes, the first aspect of the present invention provides a lifting and tilting casting machine, comprising: a transfer vehicle, a lifting mechanism, a conveying mechanism, a translation mechanism and a tilting mechanism, the lifting mechanism being arranged on the transfer vehicle, the conveying mechanism comprising a roller conveyor and an unpowered roller, the unpowered roller being arranged on the top of the lifting mechanism, the roller conveyor being arranged on the unpowered roller, and being used to convey the ladle in and out of the casting machine; the translation mechanism being arranged above the conveying mechanism, and being movable along the unpowered roller to adjust the horizontal distance between the ladle and the mold or mold shell to be poured; the tilting mechanism being arranged at the bottom of the translation mechanism, and the tilting mechanism and the translation mechanism cooperating to control the rotation of the ladle, so as to inject the molten metal in the ladle into the mold or mold shell cavity to be poured.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, the lifting mechanism includes a base, a first guide frame, a lifting drive device, a first guide wheel group, a first lifting column and a crossbeam. The base is fixed on the transfer vehicle, the first guide frame is arranged at both ends of the base, the lifting drive device is installed between the two first guide frames, and the telescopic end of the lifting drive device is fixedly connected to the crossbeam, the first guide wheel group is arranged inside the first guide frame, the first lifting column is arranged inside the first guide frame, and the side wall of the first lifting column is in contact with the first guide wheel group, and the top of the first lifting column is fixedly connected to the crossbeam.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the lifting mechanism further includes a lifting detection device for detecting the lifting distance, the lifting detection device including a chain, a sprocket and a first encoder assembly, the sprocket and the first encoder assembly being coaxially arranged on one side of the first guide frame, the chain being fixedly mounted on the side wall of the first lifting column and meshing with the sprocket, the first lifting column driving the chain to move vertically, thereby driving the sprocket and the first encoder assembly to rotate, and the first encoder assembly converts the rotation angle into the lifting distance.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the tilting mechanism includes a tilting drive device, a second lifting column, a second guide frame, a second guide wheel group, and a roller. The second guide frame passes through the conveying mechanism and is fixed to the bottom of the translation mechanism. The second guide frame is provided with a second guide wheel group. The second lifting column is sleeved on the outside of the second drive device and is in contact with the guide surface of the second guide wheel group. The tilting drive device is fixedly installed inside the second lifting column and drives the second lifting column to move synchronously in the vertical direction. The roller is fixed to the top of the second lifting column and contacts the bottom of the ladle.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the tilting mechanism further includes a first weighing sensor, and the first weighing sensor is disposed between the telescopic end of the tilting drive device and the top of the second lifting column.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the translation mechanism includes a tilting frame, a guide base, a second weighing sensor and a translation drive mechanism, the guide base is mounted on the unpowered roller, the tilting frame is fixedly arranged on the guide base, and the top of the tilting frame is provided with a ladle tilting support hole, the second weighing sensor is arranged between the tilting frame and the guide base, and the translation drive mechanism is installed on the crossbeam and drives the guide base to move along the unpowered roller.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, a first laser rangefinder and a second laser rangefinder are provided on the guide base at intervals. When the ladle is tilted, the tilting angle of the ladle is calculated based on the distance from the second laser rangefinder to the bottom of the ladle and the distance from the first laser rangefinder to the ladle.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the translation mechanism further includes a ladle angle detection mechanism, which includes a sector gear, a second encoder assembly and a gear. The tilting frame is provided with a sector gear mounting hole and an encoder mounting hole. The sector gear is hinged to the tilting frame and is coaxially arranged with the tilting center of the ladle. The gear and the second encoder assembly are coaxially fixed in the encoder mounting hole, and the gear is engaged with the sector gear. When the ladle is tilted, the sector gear is driven to tilt, thereby driving the gear to rotate, and the tilting angle of the ladle is detected by the second encoder assembly.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the liftable tilting pouring machine further comprises: a cover, one end of which is hinged to the tilting frame, and the other end of which is supported by a cover limit fulcrum on the tilting frame to remain horizontal.

[0015] A second aspect of the present invention provides a casting method using the above-mentioned liftable tilting casting machine, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Move the mold or form to be poured to the front of the lifting and tilting pouring machine;

[0017] According to the height of the mold or mold to be poured, the lifting mechanism and the translation mechanism of the liftable tilting pouring machine are adjusted until the ladle nozzle is aligned with the pouring cup of the mold or mold to be poured;

[0018] The metal melt in the ladle is poured into the cavity of the mold or the mold shell through the tilting mechanism of the liftable tilting pouring machine.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the lifting stroke of the lifting mechanism, the moving stroke of the translation mechanism, and the tilting angle of the tilting mechanism are controlled by an electrical control system.

[0020] The liftable tilting pouring machine of the present invention can adjust the height of the ladle according to the height of the mold or mold shell, so as to be suitable for the casting production needs of molds or mold shells of different heights; it can also automatically control the tilting of the ladle to complete the pouring of the molten metal. The entire pouring process does not require manual operation, which improves production efficiency and reduces safety hazards. In addition, during the ladle pouring process, the ladle cover seals the ladle mouth to achieve heat preservation during the pouring process, and improves the problems of severe overheating and hypothermia of the molten metal, poor pouring temperature consistency, and high casting scrap rate. The pouring machine of the present invention has a simple structure, low energy consumption, high cost performance, and a wide range of applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a pouring machine in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the side structure of a pouring machine in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a ladle in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the side view of a ladle in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a top view of a ladle in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the main structure of the lifting mechanism of the pouring machine in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 1 is a side structural diagram of a lifting mechanism of a pouring machine in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the installation of the encoder assembly, sprocket and chain of the lifting mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the main structure of the tilting mechanism of the pouring machine in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 10 1 is a side structural schematic diagram of a tilting mechanism of a pouring machine in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a guide frame with a guide wheel assembly of a tilting mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 12 It is a side structural schematic diagram of a guide frame with a guide wheel assembly of a tilting mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 13Schematic diagram of a top view of a guide frame with a guide wheel assembly of a tilting mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the spatial relationship of the guide portion of the tilting mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the main structure of the translation mechanism of the pouring machine in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 16 Schematic side view of the translation mechanism of the pouring machine in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of a top view of the translation mechanism of a pouring machine in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 18 It is a schematic front view of the installation of the translation mechanism and the tilting mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 19 A schematic side view of the installation of the translation mechanism and the tilting mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention

[0041] Figure 20 Schematic diagram of the installation of the translation mechanism and the conveying mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 21 Schematic diagram of a top view of a cover in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the cover in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a ladle tilting laser ranging sensor in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 24 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the angle detection mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 25 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the angle detection mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention from a side view;

[0047] Figure 26 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the angle detection mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention

[0048] Figure 27 Schematic diagram of the main structure of the angle detection mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 28Schematic diagram of a top view of the sector teeth of the angle detection mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 29 Schematic diagram of the main structure of a tilting frame with an angle detection mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 30 1 is a schematic side view of a tilting frame with an angle detection mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 31 1 is a schematic top view of a tilting frame with an angle detection mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 32 This is a schematic side view of the structure of the encoder assembly and the tilting frame installation of the angle detection mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 33 Schematic diagram of the top view of the installation structure of the encoder assembly and the tilting frame of the angle detection mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 34 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the angle detection mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention when it is working;

[0056] Figure 35 A side view schematic diagram of the angle detection mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention when in operation;

[0057] Figure 36 Schematic diagram of the top view of the angle detection mechanism in operation in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 37 Flowchart of a pouring method in one embodiment of the present invention

[0059] Figure 38 Schematic diagram of the steel casting structure in front of the furnace in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 39 A schematic diagram of a casting mold and a pouring machine in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 40 Schematic diagram of the pouring elevation of a tray mold and a pouring machine in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 41 Schematic diagram of the pouring elevation of the trolley mold shell and the pouring machine in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 42 This is a schematic diagram of a single-row pouring plane in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 43Schematic diagram of a double-row pouring plan in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0065] Component number description:

[0066] 1. Casting machine; 11. Transfer vehicle; 12. Lifting mechanism; 1201. First guide frame; 1202. First guide wheel assembly; 1203. First lifting column; 1204. Base; 1205. Crossbeam; 1206. Lifting drive unit; 1207. Chain; 1208. Encoder assembly; 1209. Sprocket; 13. Tilt mechanism; 1301. Second lifting column; 1302. Tilt drive unit; 1303. Second guide frame; 1304. Second guide wheel assembly; 1305. First load cell; 1306. Roller; 14. Unpowered roller; 15. Roller conveyor; 16. Cover; 1601. Cover housing; 1602. Mounting hole; 1603. Limit plate; 1604. Cover refractory layer; 17. Translation mechanism; 1701. Tilt frame; 1702. Second load cell; 1703, guide base; 1704, translation drive mechanism; 1705, laser rangefinder; 1706, ladle tilt support hole; 1707, ladle cover limit fulcrum; 1708, ladle cover mounting hole; 1709, tilt mechanism mounting hole; 1710, sector gear mounting hole; 1711, encoder mounting hole; 1712, limit bracket; 18, angle detection mechanism; 1801, sector frame; 1802, Notch; 1803, arc tooth; 1804, limit block; 1805, second encoder assembly; 1806, gear; 2, ladle; 201, shell; 202, first connecting shaft; 203, refractory material layer; 204, second connecting shaft; 205, ladle nozzle; 206, fan-shaped inner cavity; 207, wear-resistant pad; 3, trolley; 4, mold shell; 5, pallet; 6, conveyor; 7, casting mold; 8, melting furnace. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the following examples and the features in the examples can be combined with each other unless they conflict. It should also be understood that the terms used in the examples of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, not for the purpose of limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. The test methods for which specific conditions are not specified in the following examples are generally carried out under conventional conditions or under the conditions recommended by the manufacturers.

[0068] When numerical ranges are given in the examples, it should be understood that unless otherwise specified herein, both endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints may be used. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein are consistent with the prior art as understood by those skilled in the art and the description of the present invention. Any prior art methods, devices, and materials similar or equivalent to those in the examples of the present invention may also be used to implement the present invention.

[0069] It should be noted that the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" cited in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships should be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0070] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 In a first aspect, the present invention provides a casting machine capable of being raised and lowered and tilted. The casting machine 1 comprises a transfer vehicle 11, a lifting mechanism 12, a tilting mechanism 13, a conveying mechanism, and a translation mechanism 17. The lifting mechanism 12, the tilting mechanism 13, the conveying mechanism, and the translation mechanism 17 are all mounted on the transfer vehicle 11, and the casting machine 1 can be moved to the front of the mold 7 or the mold shell 4 to be poured by the transfer vehicle 11. The lifting mechanism 12 is used to adjust the height of the ladle 2 to accommodate casting of molds 7 or mold shells 4 of different heights. The tilting mechanism 13 cooperates with the translation mechanism 17 to control the rotation of the ladle 2 so as to pour the molten metal in the ladle 2 into the mold 7 or the mold shell 4 to form a casting. The conveying mechanism includes a roller conveyor 15 for conveying the ladle and an unpowered roller 14 for supporting a translation mechanism 17. The translation mechanism 17 is used to adjust the horizontal distance between the ladle 2 and the mold 7 or mold shell 4 to be poured, so as to accurately pour the molten metal in the ladle 2 into the cavity of the mold 7 or mold shell 4.

[0071] See also Figures 3 to 5 The above-mentioned ladle 2 is a conventional ladle structure in this field. As an example, the ladle 2 includes a shell 201, the inner cavity of the shell 201 is covered with a refractory material layer 203 of a certain thickness, and the inner cavity of the shell 201 is a fan-shaped inner cavity 206 with the ladle mouth 205 of the ladle 2 as the center. The rear end of the shell 201 is provided with a first connecting shaft 202, and the front end of the shell 201 is provided with a second connecting shaft 204. The second connecting shaft 204 is on the central axis of the fan-shaped inner cavity 206. After the ladle 2 enters the pouring machine 1, the second connecting shaft 204 is hinged to the translation mechanism 17, and then under the action of the tilting mechanism 13, the ladle 2 tilts to complete the pouring. Furthermore, a wear-resistant pad 207 is also provided at the bottom of the shell 201 to prevent the ladle 2 from wearing during transportation and affecting its service life.

[0072] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present application does not limit the specific structure of the transfer vehicle 11, and it can be any vehicle that can accommodate the installation of the lifting mechanism 12, the tilting mechanism 13, and the translation mechanism 17. As an example, the transfer vehicle 11 includes a vehicle body and wheels located at the bottom of the vehicle body. The space in the vehicle body can at least accommodate the installation of the lifting mechanism 12, the tilting mechanism 13, the conveying mechanism, and the translation mechanism 17. The bottom of the vehicle body is provided with two sets of wheels located at the front and rear sides, and the wheels drive the vehicle body to move along a set route.

[0073] See also Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figures 6 to 8, the lifting mechanism 12 is arranged on the transfer vehicle 11. In one embodiment, the lifting mechanism 12 includes a first guide frame 1201, a first lifting column 1203, a base 1204, a crossbeam 1205 and a lifting drive device 1206, wherein the base 1204 is fixedly mounted on the body of the transfer vehicle 11, and a first guide frame 1201 is fixedly arranged at each end of the base 1204, and the first guide frame 1201 is used to guide the vertical lifting of the first lifting column 1203. Specifically, the first guide frame 1201 includes four rectangular side walls arranged along the circumference, and the four rectangular side walls are connected end to end to form a column structure with upper and lower openings. Furthermore, a first guide wheel group 1202 is provided inside the first guide frame 1201, and the first guide wheel group 1202 includes a plurality of guide wheels, and the plurality of guide wheels are respectively arranged at the angles between adjacent side walls. As an example, the first guide wheel assembly 1202 includes eight guide wheels, divided into two groups: one group fixed at an angle between adjacent side walls near the bottom of the first guide frame 1201, and the other group fixed at an angle between adjacent side walls near the top of the first guide frame 1201. A first lifting column 1203 is disposed within the first guide frame 1201 and is vertically raised and lowered along the first guide frame 1201 by a lifting drive 1206. As an example, the first lifting column 1203 is a hexahedral structure with a hollow cavity. The outer wall of the first lifting column 1203 closely aligns with the guide surfaces of each guide wheel of the first guide wheel assembly 1202, guiding the first lifting column 1203 during its raising and lowering. The lifting drive 1206 is mounted on a base 1204 between the two first guide frames 1201. A crossbeam 1205 is fixedly disposed at the top of the first lifting column 1203, with the telescopic end of the lifting drive 1206 fixedly connected to the crossbeam 1205. When the lifting drive 1206 is activated, its telescopic end drives the crossbeam 1205 up and down, which in turn drives the first lifting column 1203 up and down along the first guide frame 1201. In some embodiments, the lifting drive 1206 can be a linear drive device such as a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, or an electric drive. The fixed end of the lifting drive 1206 is fixed to the first guide frame 1201, the base 1204, or the transfer vehicle 11, and the telescopic end of the lifting drive 1206 can move up and down. In this embodiment, the lifting drive 1206 is a hydraulic cylinder, the fixed end of which is fixedly mounted to the base 1204, and the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the top crossbeam 1205.

[0074] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism 12 also includes a lift detection device for detecting the lift distance. In one embodiment, the lift detection device includes a chain 1207, a first encoder assembly 1208, and a sprocket 1209. The sprocket 1209 and the first encoder assembly 1208 are coaxially arranged on one side of the first guide frame 1201. The chain 1207 is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the first lifting column 1203 and meshes with the sprocket 1209. The first lifting column 1203 drives the chain 1207 up and down, thereby rotating the sprocket 1209 and the first encoder assembly 1208. The first encoder assembly 1208 can convert the lift distance of the lifting mechanism 12 based on the rotation angle. In other embodiments, the lift detection device can also be any structure known in the art that can measure lift distance, such as a rack-and-pinion mechanism or a laser rangefinder.

[0075] See also Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 19 The tilting mechanism 13 is arranged at the bottom of the translation mechanism 17 and rises and falls synchronously with the lifting mechanism 12. When the lifting mechanism 12 is adjusted to a suitable position, the tilting mechanism 13 controls the rotation of the ladle 2 to pour the molten metal.

[0076] See also Figures 9 to 14In one embodiment, the tilt mechanism 13 includes a second lifting column 1301, a tilt drive device 1302, a second guide frame 1303, a second guide wheel assembly 1304, and rollers 1306. The tilt drive device 1302 can be a linear drive device such as a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, or an electric drive. In this embodiment, the tilt drive device 1302 is a hydraulic cylinder. The second guide frame 1303 is fixed to the bottom of the translation mechanism 17 (hereinafter referred to as the guide base 1703) through the conveying mechanism. The second guide frame 1303 is equipped with a second guide wheel assembly 1304. The arrangement of the second guide frame 1303 and the second guide wheel assembly 1304 is similar to that of the first guide frame 1201 and the first guide wheel assembly 1202. The second lifting column 1301 is disposed within the second guide frame 1303, and the outer wall of the second lifting column 1301 is in contact with the guide surface of the guide wheel of the second guide wheel assembly 1304. The tilt drive unit 1303 is fixedly mounted within the second lifting column 1301. The top of the second lifting column 1301 is fixed to the telescopic end of the tilt drive unit 1302. The roller 1306 is fixed to the top of the second lifting column 1301 and contacts the bottom of the ladle 2. The installation of the second lifting column 1301 enhances the radial stability of the tilt drive unit 1302. When the telescopic end of the tilt drive unit 1302 moves vertically up and down, it drives the second lifting column 1301 upward and downward, guided by the second guide frame 1303, and simultaneously drives the roller 1306 upward and downward. After the ladle 2 enters the pouring machine 1, the ladle 2 is hinged to the translation mechanism 17 through the second connecting shaft 204, and the roller 1306 always keeps in contact with the bottom of the ladle 2. When the telescopic end of the tilting drive device 1302 rises, the roller 1306 will push the ladle 2 up, thereby lifting the ladle 2 upward and tilting it, pouring the molten metal in the ladle 2 into the inner cavity of the mold 7 or the mold shell 4.

[0077] Furthermore, the tilting mechanism 13 further includes a first weighing sensor 1305 , which is disposed between the telescopic end of the tilting drive device 1302 and the top of the second lifting column 1301 , and is used to weigh the force borne by the tilting mechanism 13 in the vertical direction.

[0078] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2, the conveying mechanism is arranged on the top of the lifting mechanism 12. Specifically, the conveying mechanism includes an unpowered roller 14 and a roller conveyor 15. The unpowered roller 14 is fixedly mounted on the crossbeam 1205. For example, the roller mounting frame of the unpowered roller 14 is fixedly mounted on the crossbeam 1205, and a plurality of unpowered rollers 14 are relatively arranged on both sides of the roller mounting frame. The unpowered roller 14 cooperates with the translation mechanism 17 to adjust the horizontal distance between the ladle 2 and the mold 7 or mold shell 4 to be poured. The roller conveyor 15 is fixed above the roller mounting frame, and there is no obstruction between the two. The roller conveyor 15 can control the ladle 2 to enter and exit the pouring machine, that is, the ladle 2 enters the pouring machine 1 along the roller conveyor 15. After the pouring is completed, it goes out of the pouring machine 1 through the roller conveyor 15 to receive the pouring liquid.

[0079] See also Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figures 15 to 17 In one embodiment, the translation mechanism 17 includes a tilting frame 1701, a second load cell 1702, a guide base 1703, and a translation drive mechanism 1704. The guide base 1703 is mounted on the unpowered rollers 14 and, driven by the translation drive mechanism 1704, moves along the arrangement direction of the unpowered rollers 14. Specifically, the guide base 1703 is provided with a clamping sleeve on each side thereof, which engages with the unpowered rollers 14. The translation drive mechanism 1704 is disposed at the bottom of the guide base 1703, and the telescopic end of the translation drive mechanism 1704 is connected to one end of the guide base 1703. When the telescopic end of the translation drive mechanism 1704 is extended or retracted, it drives the guide base 1703 to move along the unpowered rollers 14. The translation drive mechanism 1704 can be a linear drive device such as a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, or an electric drive. In this embodiment, the translation drive mechanism 1704 is a hydraulic cylinder. Tilt frame 1701 is fixed to guide base 1703. Ladle tilt support holes 1706 are located at the top of tilt frame 1701. Ladle 2 enters the pouring machine via roller conveyor 15 and is hinged to tilt frame 1701 through these holes. Guide base 1703 moves along unpowered rollers 14 to adjust the horizontal distance between the ladle's mouth and the mold 7 or shell 4 to be poured, facilitating alignment of the ladle 2 with the pouring cup. A second load cell 1702 is mounted between tilt frame 1701 and guide base 1703, working in conjunction with the first load cell 1305 on the tilt mechanism 13 to measure the weight change of the molten metal within ladle 2 in real time.

[0080] See also Figures 17 to 20In order to facilitate the coordination between the tilting mechanism 13 and the translation mechanism 17, a tilting mechanism mounting hole 1709 is further provided at the position of the guide base 1703 corresponding to the tilting mechanism 13. The second guide frame 1303 of the tilting mechanism 13 is fixed on both sides of the tilting frame mounting hole 1709. The top roller 1306 can pass through the conveying mechanism into the tilting mechanism mounting hole 1709 and contact the ladle 2 entering the guide base 1703. It rises under the driving action of the tilting drive device 1302 to tilt the ladle 2.

[0081] See also Figure 15 、 Figure 16 、 Figures 20 to 22 In one embodiment, the pouring machine further includes a ladle cover 16, the shape of which is consistent with the shape of the open end of the ladle 2. The ladle cover 16 includes a ladle cover shell 1601 and a ladle cover refractory layer 1604 covering the inner side of the ladle cover shell 1601. The ladle cover refractory layer 1604 is composed of a refractory material of a certain thickness. A mounting hole 1602 is provided at one end of the ladle cover 16, and a stop plate 1603 is provided near the middle. Correspondingly, the tilting frame 1701 is provided with a ladle cover mounting hole 1708 that cooperates with the mounting hole 1602 and a ladle cover stop fulcrum 1707 that cooperates with the stop plate 1603. The ladle cover 16 is hinged to the tilting frame 1701 through the mounting hole 1602 and the ladle cover mounting hole 1708, and the middle portion is supported by the ladle cover stop fulcrum 1707 on the tilting frame 1701. The ladle 2 can be transported in and out of the pouring machine via a roller conveyor 15. A gap exists between the ladle cover 16 and the ladle 2, facilitating entry and exit. Once inside the pouring machine, the ladle 2 docks with the ladle tilting support holes 1706. During tilting, the ladle 2 lifts the ladle cover 16 and tilts it around the tilting frame 1701, centering around the ladle spout, ensuring heat preservation during the pouring process.

[0082] See also Figure 15 and Figure 23In one embodiment, a laser rangefinder 1705 is further provided on the guide base 1703. The laser rangefinder 1705 can measure the distance from the guide base 1703 to the bottom of the ladle 2, thereby converting the tilting angle of the ladle 2 during pouring. Specifically, two laser rangefinders 1705 are provided on the same straight line on the guide base 1703, which are respectively denoted as the first laser rangefinder and the second laser rangefinder. When the ladle 2 tilts, the distances from the two laser rangefinders 1705 to the bottom of the ladle 2 are different, namely L1 and L2. The installation spacing between the first laser rangefinder and the second laser rangefinder is L3. According to the inverse trigonometric function, the tilting angle of the ladle 2 can be converted into A=arctan((L1-L2) / L3). The pouring machine 1 measures the tilting angle through the laser rangefinder 1705, and then uses a weighing sensor to detect the weight of the molten metal in real time. The electrical control system presets the molten metal quality and pouring speed required for the casting, and controls the lifting and lowering stroke value and transient speed value of the tilting drive device 1302 through a digital proportional hydraulic valve or servo valve to achieve precise quantitative pouring of the molten metal.

[0083] See also Figures 24 to 36 In another embodiment, the tilting angle of the ladle 2 can also be measured by a separately provided angle detection mechanism 18. As an example, the angle detection mechanism 18 includes a sector gear, a second encoder assembly 1805, and a gear 1806 that cooperates with the sector gear, wherein the sector gear is composed of a sector frame 1801 and circular arc teeth 1803 fixed to the sector frame 1801, a notch 1802 is provided at the free end of the sector frame 1801, and a limit block 1804 is provided at the top of the sector frame 1801. Correspondingly, the tilting frame 1701 is provided with a sector gear mounting hole 1710, an encoder mounting hole 1711, and a limit bracket 1712, which are respectively used to fix the sector frame 1801 and the second encoder assembly 1805. The sector frame 1801 and the circular arc teeth 1803 can be tilted around the sector gear mounting hole 1710. When the ladle 2 enters the pouring machine, there is a gap between it and the slot 1802 to facilitate entry and exit. This gap is controlled by the limit block 1804 and the limit bracket 1712 on the tilting frame 1701. During tilting, the ladle 2 rises, and its first connecting shaft 202 fits with the slot 1802, holding up the fan-shaped frame 1801 and the arc teeth 1803 to tilt together around the tilting frame 1701 with the ladle nozzle as the center. The second encoder assembly 1805 cooperates with the arc teeth 1803 through the gear 1806 to monitor the tilting angle of the ladle 2 in real time. The weighing sensor is then used to detect the weight of the molten metal in real time. The electrical control system presets the required molten metal quality and pouring speed according to the casting. The lifting stroke value and transient speed value of the tilting drive device 1302 are controlled by a digital proportional hydraulic valve or servo valve to achieve precise quantitative pouring of the molten metal.

[0084] See also Figure 37 and Figure 38 The second aspect of the present invention further provides a casting method using the above-mentioned liftable tilting casting machine, the casting method at least comprising the following steps:

[0085] S1, move the mold 7 or mold shell 4 to be poured in front of the lifting and tilting pouring machine 1;

[0086] S2, adjusting the lifting mechanism 12 and the translation mechanism 17 of the tilting pouring machine according to the height of the mold 7 or the mold shell 4 to be poured until the nozzle of the ladle 2 is aligned with the pouring cup of the mold 7 or the mold shell 4 to be poured;

[0087] S3 . The molten metal in the ladle 2 is poured into the cavity of the mold 7 or the form shell 4 through the tilting mechanism 13 of the liftable tilting pouring machine 1 .

[0088] Specifically, in step S1 , the mold 7 or the mold shell 4 to be poured can be transported to the pouring station, or the pouring machine 1 can be moved to the side of the mold 7 or the mold shell 4 to be poured by the transfer vehicle 11 .

[0089] In step S2, based on the mold or formwork position and pouring cup height preset in the electrical control system, the elevating mechanism 12 and translating mechanism 17 of the pouring machine 1 drive the ladle 2 to rise and fall, aligning the ladle's spout with and as close as possible to the pouring cup of the mold 7 or formwork 4 to accurately pour the molten metal into the cavity of the mold 7 or formwork 4. The elevating mechanism 12 and translating mechanism 17 utilize digital proportional hydraulic valves and hydraulic cylinders or servo electric cylinders equipped with position sensors to control the elevating, moving, and speed of the ladle 2, ensuring dynamic, precise, and stable stopping at the desired height and position.

[0090] In step S3, the ladle 2 is raised by the telescopic end of the tilting drive 1302 and the roller 1306 at its end, until it contacts the bottom surface of the ladle 2. Continued upward movement lifts the ladle 2 upward and tilts it around the ladle nozzle. A sector gear supported by the tilting frame 1701 tilts together, meshing with a gear 1806 coaxially connected to the second encoder assembly 1805. This sector gear accurately provides real-time feedback of the ladle 2's tilt angle to the electrical control system, or to the first and second laser rangefinders on the guide base 1703. The total amount of molten metal poured each time and its flow-time curve are calculated using a mathematical model to calculate the ladle's tilt angle and convert it into the tilting mechanism's lifting stroke and speed values. These values ​​are then preset by the electrical control system. A digital proportional hydraulic valve and a position sensor in conjunction with a hydraulic cylinder or servo electric cylinder control the lifting stroke, completing closed-loop control of the molten metal pouring volume and pouring speed, achieving precise, quantitative pouring of the molten metal.

[0091] The above pouring method can be applied to pouring molten metal and pouring in front of a melting furnace for precision steel castings, and can be poured in a single row or double row. The pouring process in each application example is described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0092] Example 1

[0093] See also Figure 39 , an application of a lifting and tilting pouring method in sand casting, comprising the following steps:

[0094] (1) The prepared mold 7 is transported to the pouring station. Simultaneously, the pouring machine 1 is moved to the pouring station by the transfer vehicle 11 according to the mold 7 position preset in the electrical control system. The lifting mechanism 12 and the translation mechanism 17 drive the ladle 2 and the tilting frame 1701 to rise and fall according to the height and horizontal position of the pouring cup, so that the ladle 2 nozzle is aligned in the vertical direction and as close as possible to the pouring cup of the mold 7. The translation drive mechanism 1704 adjusts the position of the tilting frame 1701 to ensure that the ladle 2 nozzle is aligned horizontally with the pouring cup.

[0095] (2) The telescopic rod of the tilting drive device 1302 of the pouring machine 1 and the roller 1306 at its end rise and contact the bottom plane of the ladle 2. The further rise causes the ladle 2 to lift and tilt upward with the ladle nozzle as the center, pouring the molten metal in the ladle 2 into the inner cavity of the casting mold 7. The total amount of molten metal poured each time and the flow rate-time curve are detected by the meshing of the gears coaxially connected to the sector gear and the encoder, or by two laser rangefinders. The tilting angle of the ladle is calculated through a mathematical model, and then matched with the real-time detection of the weighing sensor. The electrical control system presets the required molten metal quality and pouring speed according to the casting. The lifting and lowering stroke of the tilting drive device 1302 is controlled by a digital proportional hydraulic valve or a servo valve equipped with a position sensor to achieve precise quantitative pouring of the molten metal.

[0096] Example 2

[0097] See also Figures 40 to 43 , an application of a lifting and tilting pouring method in investment casting, comprising the following steps:

[0098] (1) Place the room-temperature mold shells 4 with the pouring cups facing upwards in a single or double row on a tray 5 or a trolley 3. After firing, the mold shells 4 are transported to the pouring station in front of the smelting furnace 8 along with the tray 5 (the tray 5 is transported by a conveyor 6) or the trolley 3. At the same time, based on the mold shell 4 position and the pouring cup height preset in the electrical control system, the lifting mechanism 12 drives the ladle 2 and the tilting frame 1701 to rise and fall, so that the ladle nozzle is aligned in the height direction and as close as possible to the pouring cup of the mold shell 4. The translation drive mechanism 1704 adjusts the position of the tilting frame 1701 to ensure that the ladle 2 nozzle is aligned with the pouring cup in the horizontal direction.

[0099] (2) The telescopic end of the tilting drive device 1302 of the tilting mechanism 13 of the pouring machine rises so that the roller 1306 contacts the bottom plane of the ladle 2. The tilting drive device 1302 continues to rise so that the ladle 2 is lifted and tilted with the ladle nozzle as the center, pouring the molten metal in the ladle 2 into the inner cavity of the mold shell 4. The total amount of molten metal poured each time and the flow rate-time curve are measured by the gear meshing of the sector gear and the encoder coaxially connected, or by the first and second laser rangefinders 1705. The tilting angle of the ladle is calculated through a mathematical model and then matched with a weighing sensor for real-time detection. The electrical control system presets the required molten metal quality and pouring speed according to the casting. The lifting and lowering stroke of the tilting drive device 1302 is controlled by a digital proportional hydraulic valve or a servo valve equipped with a position sensor to achieve precise quantitative pouring of the molten metal.

[0100] (3) When the mold shells 4 are placed in two rows, the ladle 2 pours the mold shells in the first row one by one. After the first row is poured, the tray 5 or trolley 3 moves to the side, rotates 180 degrees, and then returns to the pouring station in the reverse direction. The ladle 2 pours the mold shells 4 in the second row one by one.

[0101] (4) Since cast steel has a relatively high melting point and a large temperature gradient, casting in front of the smelting furnace 8 can significantly reduce the distance the molten metal is transported, reduce the time the molten metal stays in the ladle, avoid overheating of the molten metal when it is discharged from the furnace, and reduce the energy consumption of cast steel smelting and the difficulty of deoxidation treatment. The volume of the precision casting mold shell is relatively small compared to the mass of the molten metal poured. A small capacity (≤300kg / single ladle) can be used for casting, reducing the casting temperature difference of the same group of mold shells, and improving the process consistency and intrinsic quality of the casting.

[0102] The liftable and tiltable pouring machine provided by the present invention can adjust the height of the ladle according to the height of the mold or mold shell, so as to be suitable for the pouring production needs of molds or mold shells of different heights; it can also automatically control the tilting of the ladle to complete the pouring of the molten metal, and the entire pouring process does not require manual operation, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing safety hazards. In addition, during the ladle pouring process, the ladle cover seals the ladle mouth to achieve heat preservation during the pouring process, and improves the problems of severe overheating and loss of temperature of the molten metal, poor pouring temperature consistency, and high scrap rate of castings. The pouring machine of the present invention has a simple structure, low energy consumption, high cost performance, and a wide range of adaptability. Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes some practical problems in the prior art and thus has high utilization value and significance.

[0103] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical principles disclosed herein are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lifting and tilting pouring machine, characterized in that: include: transfer vehicles; A lifting mechanism is provided on the transfer vehicle; The conveying mechanism includes an unpowered roller and a roller conveyor, wherein the unpowered roller is arranged on the top of the lifting mechanism, and the roller conveyor is arranged on the unpowered roller for conveying the ladle into and out of the pouring machine; a translation mechanism, which is provided on the conveying mechanism and can move along the unpowered roller to adjust the horizontal distance between the ladle and the mold or form to be poured; The tilting mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the translation mechanism, and the tilting mechanism cooperates with the translation mechanism to control the rotation of the ladle to inject the molten metal in the ladle into the casting mold or mold shell cavity to be poured.

2. The liftable tilting pouring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism includes a base, a first guide frame, a lifting drive device, a first guide wheel group, a first lifting column and a crossbeam. The base is fixed to the transfer vehicle, the first guide frame is arranged at both ends of the base, the lifting drive device is installed between the two first guide frames, and the telescopic end of the lifting drive device is fixedly connected to the crossbeam, the first guide wheel group is arranged inside the first guide frame, the first lifting column is arranged inside the first guide frame, and the side wall of the first lifting column is in contact with the first guide wheel group, and the top of the first lifting column is fixedly connected to the crossbeam.

3. The liftable tilting pouring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism also includes a lifting detection device for detecting the lifting distance. The lifting detection device includes a chain, a sprocket and a first encoder assembly. The sprocket and the first encoder assembly are coaxially arranged on one side of the first guide frame. The chain is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the first lifting column and engages with the sprocket. The first lifting column drives the chain to move vertically, thereby driving the sprocket and the first encoder assembly to rotate. The first encoder assembly converts the rotation angle into the lifting distance.

4. The liftable tilting pouring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tilting mechanism includes a tilting drive device, a second lifting column, a second guide frame, a second guide wheel group and a roller. The second guide frame passes through the conveying mechanism and is fixed to the bottom of the translation mechanism. The second guide frame is provided with a second guide wheel group. The second lifting column is arranged in the second guide frame and is in contact with the guide surface of the second guide wheel group. The tilting drive device is fixedly installed inside the second lifting column and drives the second lifting column to move synchronously in the vertical direction. The roller is fixed to the top of the second lifting column and contacts the bottom of the ladle.

5. The liftable tilting pouring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The tilting mechanism further includes a first weighing sensor, which is arranged between the telescopic end of the tilting drive device and the top of the second lifting column.

6. The liftable tilting pouring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The translation mechanism includes a tilting frame, a guide base, a second weighing sensor and a translation drive mechanism. The guide base is mounted on the unpowered roller. The tilting frame is fixedly arranged on the guide base, and a ladle tilting support hole is provided on the top of the tilting frame. The second weighing sensor is arranged between the tilting frame and the guide base. The translation drive mechanism is installed on the crossbeam and drives the guide base to move along the unpowered roller.

7. The liftable tilting pouring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first laser rangefinder and a second laser rangefinder are provided on the guide base at intervals. When the ladle is tilted, the tilting angle of the ladle is calculated based on the distance from the second laser rangefinder to the bottom of the ladle and the distance from the first laser rangefinder to the ladle.

8. The liftable tilting pouring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The translation mechanism also includes a ladle angle detection mechanism, which includes a sector gear, a second encoder assembly and a gear. The tilting frame is provided with a sector gear mounting hole and an encoder mounting hole. The sector gear is hinged to the tilting frame and is coaxially arranged with the tilting center of the ladle. The gear and the second encoder assembly are coaxially fixed in the encoder mounting hole, and the gear is engaged with the sector gear. When the ladle is tilted, the sector gear is driven to tilt, thereby driving the gear to rotate, and the tilting angle of the ladle is detected by the second encoder assembly.

9. The liftable tilting pouring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The liftable tilting pouring machine further comprises a cover, one end of which is hinged to the tilting frame, and the other end of which is supported by a cover limit fulcrum on the tilting frame to maintain horizontality.

10. A pouring method using the liftable tilting pouring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Move the mold or form to be poured to the front of the lifting and tilting pouring machine; According to the height of the mold or mold to be poured, the lifting mechanism and the translation mechanism of the liftable tilting pouring machine are adjusted until the ladle nozzle is aligned with the pouring cup of the mold or mold to be poured; The metal melt in the ladle is poured into the cavity of the mold or the form shell through the tilting mechanism of the liftable tilting pouring machine.

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