Preparation method of fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a fiber with heat insulation and waterproof functions. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1) pretreatment: treating the surface of the fiber by adopting plasma; s2) preparing a sedimentary phase, namely gasifying a precursor at high temperature to form a reaction gas environment, placing the fiber treated in the step S1 in the reaction gas environment, exciting reaction gas by adopting radio frequency plasma, and forming the sedimentary phase with a heat insulation function on the surface of the fiber; and S3) preparing a hydrophobic membrane: dipping the fiber treated in the step S2 into a film coating solution, drying, treating the fiber by adopting plasma, forming the hydrophobic membrane on the surface of the fiber, and finally preparing the fiber with the heat-insulating and waterproof functions. The heat insulation coating is constructed on the surface of the fiber material to improve the radiation heat reflection capacity, controllable construction of the fiber surface micro-nano super-hydrophobic structure is achieved based on the plasma surface treatment technology, and the heat insulation coating constructed on the fiber surface is compounded with the super-hydrophobic coating to form a multi-stage structure. The radiation heat reflection capability and the waterproof capability of the fiber material are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fiber functional processing, and in particular to a method for preparing fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions. Background Art

[0002] Hollow insulation fiber is a special fiber with a continuous cavity structure inside. It is mainly used to block heat transfer. Its principle is based on the low thermal conductivity of air. The hollow part of the fiber seals still air to reduce heat conduction. The porous structure inhibits air flow and weakens convective heat transfer. This composite effect forms an efficient thermal barrier and achieves excellent thermal insulation performance. It is widely used in warm clothing, building insulation and other fields.

[0003] However, although existing thermal insulation fiber materials have good thermal insulation effects, the fiber materials are not hydrophobic enough, and there is a problem of freezing under extremely cold conditions, resulting in a decrease in thermal insulation performance; at the same time, its main principle is to store still air through high-altitude hollows to reduce heat conduction, but its ability to reflect radiant heat is insufficient.

[0004] Therefore, based on the problems that may arise during the application of the above-mentioned fibers, it is necessary to provide a method for preparing fibers with heat-insulating and waterproof functions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions to solve the problems in the background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for preparing a fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions, comprising the following steps: S1) Pretreatment: Plasma treatment of the fiber surface; S2) preparing a deposition phase: vaporizing a precursor at high temperature to form a reaction gas environment, placing the fiber treated in S1 in the reaction gas environment, and exciting the reaction gas using radio frequency plasma to form a deposition phase with a heat-insulating function on the fiber surface; S3) preparing a hydrophobic film: impregnating the fiber treated in S2 with a coating solution, drying the fiber, and then treating the fiber with plasma to form a hydrophobic film on the fiber surface, thereby finally preparing a fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions.

[0007] As a further optimization, the fiber in S1 is polyester fiber, cotton fiber, nylon fiber or acrylic fiber, preferably polyester fiber, which itself has relatively excellent hydrophobic properties.

[0008] As a further optimization, the plasma treatment conditions in S1 are: plasma voltage 100-200 V, plasma current 0.7-1.5 A, and plasma speed 20-40 mm / s.

[0009] As a further optimization, the precursor in S2 is one or more of tetraethoxysilane, aminopropylsilane, methoxysilane and ethoxysilane.

[0010] As a further optimization, the deposition phase of S2 is a nano-silicon dioxide deposition phase.

[0011] As a further optimization, the gasification temperature in S2 is 170-200°C.

[0012] As a further optimization, the RF plasma treatment conditions in S2 are: voltage 150-200 V, current 1-1.5 A, and time 2-5 min.

[0013] As a further optimization, the coating solution in S3 is a polydimethylsiloxane solution, a polymethylhydrogensiloxane solution, a polyethylsiloxane solution or a polyepoxysiloxane solution.

[0014] As a further optimization, the concentration of the coating solution in S3 is 5-10%.

[0015] As a further optimization, the plasma treatment conditions in S3 are: plasma voltage 150-200 V, plasma current 0.5-1 A, and plasma speed 5-20 mm / s.

[0016] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention uses precursors (such as tetraethoxysilane as a precursor) to construct a thermal insulation coating on the surface of the fiber material based on plasma vapor deposition technology to improve the radiant heat reflection ability, and based on plasma surface treatment technology to achieve controllable construction of micro-nano super-hydrophobic structure on the fiber surface, and constructs a multi-level structure composed of a thermal insulation coating and a super-hydrophobic coating on the fiber surface to improve the radiant heat reflection ability and waterproof ability of the fiber material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a scanning electron microscope image (magnification 5000 times) of the polyester fiber after the deposition phase is prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a scanning electron microscope image (magnification 8000 times) of the polyester fiber after the hydrophobic film was prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 : is the contact angle between the polyester fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions prepared in Example 1 of the present invention and a liquid drop. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, which will further describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Example

[0021] A method for preparing a fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions comprises the following steps: S1) Pretreatment: Plasma treatment of the polyester fiber surface to remove impurities and increase the chemical activity of the polyester fiber surface, wherein the treatment conditions are a plasma voltage of 155 V, a plasma current of 1.2 A, and a plasma speed of 32 mm / s; S2) Preparation of deposition phase: Tetraethoxysilane was vaporized at high temperature to form a reaction gas environment. The vaporization temperature was 180°C. The polyester fiber treated by S1 was placed in the reaction gas environment. The reaction gas was excited by radio frequency plasma to form a nano-silicon dioxide deposition phase with heat insulation function on the surface of the polyester fiber. The reaction conditions were voltage 165V, current 1.2A, and time 5min. The scanning electron microscope image of the polyester fiber after the deposition phase was prepared is shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown; S3) Preparation of hydrophobic film: The polyester fiber treated by S2 was impregnated with polydimethylsiloxane solution, the concentration of the coating solution was 8%, the impregnation time was 5 minutes, and the polyester fiber was dried at 60°C for 20 minutes. Then, the polyester fiber was treated with plasma to form a hydrophobic film on the surface of the polyester fiber. The treatment conditions were: plasma voltage 165V, plasma current 1A, plasma speed 15mm / s. The scanning electron microscope image of the polyester fiber after the hydrophobic film was prepared is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the polyester fiber with heat insulation and waterproof functions is finally obtained. Figure 3 Shown is the contact morphology between the liquid droplet and the substrate. Example

[0022] A method for preparing a fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions comprises the following steps: S1) Pretreatment: Plasma treatment of the polyester fiber surface to remove impurities and increase the chemical activity of the polyester fiber surface, wherein the treatment conditions are a plasma voltage of 180 V, a plasma current of 1 A, and a plasma speed of 25 mm / s; S2) preparing a deposition phase: vaporizing tetraethoxysilane at a high temperature of 180° C. to form a reaction gas environment, placing the polyester fiber treated in S1 in the reaction gas environment, and exciting the reaction gas using radio frequency plasma to form a nano-silica deposition phase with a thermal insulation function on the surface of the polyester fiber. The reaction conditions are voltage 175 V, current 1 A, and time 5 min. S3) Preparation of a hydrophobic film: The polyester fiber treated by S2 was impregnated with a polydimethylsiloxane solution having a concentration of 5% for 8 minutes. After drying at 60°C for 20 minutes, the polyester fiber was treated with plasma to form a hydrophobic film on the surface of the polyester fiber. The treatment conditions were: plasma voltage 185 V, plasma current 0.5 A, and plasma speed 10 mm / s, thereby finally obtaining a polyester fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions. Example

[0023] A method for preparing a fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions comprises the following steps: S1) Pretreatment: Plasma treatment of the polyester fiber surface to remove impurities and increase the chemical activity of the polyester fiber surface, wherein the treatment conditions are a plasma voltage of 175 V, a plasma current of 1.5 A, and a plasma speed of 35 mm / s; S2) preparing a deposition phase: vaporizing methoxysilane at a high temperature of 175°C to form a reaction gas environment, placing the polyester fiber treated in S1 in the reaction gas environment, and exciting the reaction gas using radio frequency plasma to form a nano-silica deposition phase with a thermal insulation function on the surface of the polyester fiber. The reaction conditions are voltage 175V, current 1.5A, and time 3min; S3) Preparation of a hydrophobic film: The polyester fiber treated by S2 was impregnated with a polydimethylsiloxane solution having a concentration of 7% for 5 minutes. After drying at 60°C for 20 minutes, the polyester fiber was treated with plasma to form a hydrophobic film on the surface of the polyester fiber. The treatment conditions were: plasma voltage 180 V, plasma current 0.5 A, and plasma speed 10 mm / s, thereby finally obtaining a polyester fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions. Example

[0024] A method for preparing a fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions comprises the following steps: S1) Pretreatment: Plasma treatment of the polyester fiber surface to remove impurities and increase the chemical activity of the polyester fiber surface, wherein the treatment conditions are a plasma voltage of 155 V, a plasma current of 1.5 A, and a plasma speed of 26 mm / s; S2) preparing a deposition phase: vaporizing tetraethoxysilane at a high temperature of 200° C. to form a reaction gas environment, placing the polyester fiber treated in S1 in the reaction gas environment, and exciting the reaction gas using radio frequency plasma to form a nano-silica deposition phase with a thermal insulation function on the surface of the polyester fiber. The reaction conditions are voltage 190 V, current 1.5 A, and time 3 min. S3) Preparation of a hydrophobic film: The polyester fiber treated by S2 was impregnated with a polymethylhydrogensiloxane solution having a concentration of 10% for 5 minutes. After drying at 60°C for 20 minutes, the polyester fiber was treated with plasma to form a hydrophobic film on the surface of the polyester fiber. The treatment conditions were: plasma voltage 165 V, plasma current 0.8 A, and plasma speed 18 mm / s, thereby finally obtaining a polyester fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions. Example

[0025] A method for preparing a fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions comprises the following steps: S1) Pretreatment: Plasma treatment of the polyester fiber surface to remove impurities and increase the chemical activity of the polyester fiber surface, wherein the treatment conditions are a plasma voltage of 160 V, a plasma current of 1.2 A, and a plasma speed of 35 mm / s; S2) preparing a deposition phase: vaporizing ethoxysilane at a high temperature of 190° C. to form a reaction gas environment, placing the polyester fiber treated in S1 in the reaction gas environment, and exciting the reaction gas using radio frequency plasma to form a nano-silica deposition phase with a thermal insulation function on the surface of the polyester fiber. The reaction conditions are voltage 175 V, current 1.2 A, and time 4 min. S3) Preparation of a hydrophobic film: The polyester fiber treated by S2 was impregnated with a polyethylsiloxane solution having a concentration of 8% for 10 min. After drying at 60°C for 20 min, the polyester fiber was treated with plasma to form a hydrophobic film on the surface of the polyester fiber. The treatment conditions were: plasma voltage 185 V, plasma current 1 A, and plasma speed 15 mm / s, thereby finally obtaining a polyester fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions.

[0026] Comparative Example 1: A method for preparing a fiber with a heat-insulating function comprises the following steps: S1) Pretreatment: Plasma treatment of the polyester fiber surface to remove impurities and increase the chemical activity of the polyester fiber surface, wherein the treatment conditions are a plasma voltage of 155 V, a plasma current of 1.2 A, and a plasma speed of 32 mm / s; S2) Preparation of a deposition phase: Tetraethoxysilane is vaporized at a high temperature of 180°C to form a reaction gas environment. The polyester fiber treated in S1 is placed in the reaction gas environment. The reaction gas is excited by radio frequency plasma to form a silica deposition phase with a thermal insulation function on the surface of the polyester fiber. The reaction conditions are a voltage of 165V, a current of 1.2A, and a time of 5 minutes, and finally a polyester fiber with a thermal insulation function is obtained.

[0027] Comparative Example 2: A method for preparing a fiber with waterproof function comprises the following steps: S1) Pretreatment: Plasma treatment of the polyester fiber surface to remove impurities and increase the chemical activity of the polyester fiber surface, wherein the treatment conditions are a plasma voltage of 155 V, a plasma current of 1.2 A, and a plasma speed of 32 mm / s; S2) Preparation of a hydrophobic film: The polyester fiber treated in S1 was impregnated with a polydimethylsiloxane solution having a concentration of 8% for 5 minutes. After drying at 60°C for 20 minutes, the polyester fiber was treated with plasma to form a hydrophobic film on the surface of the polyester fiber. The treatment conditions were: plasma voltage 165 V, plasma current 1 A, and plasma speed 15 mm / s, thereby finally obtaining a polyester fiber with a waterproof function.

[0028] Application examples: The polyester fibers prepared in Examples 1 to 5, the polyester fibers prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 2, and the untreated polyester fibers were subjected to thermal insulation tests (made into thermal insulation materials of the same specification: the gram weight is 200 g / m 2 ) and waterproof test (test standard is GB / T11048-2008), the test data are shown in the following table.

[0029] Contact angle of water on the fiber surface Crore value after being made into thermal insulation material Example 1 104° 3.3 Example 2 105° 3.5 Example 3 104° 3.2 Example 4 105° 3.3 Example 5 105° 3.4 Comparative Example 1 101° 2.9 Comparative Example 2 104° 2.5 Ordinary polyester 100° 2.4 From the above experimental data, it can be seen that after using a precursor to form a deposition phase (such as a nano-silica deposition phase) on the surface of the polyester fiber and simultaneously forming a hydrophobic film on the outside of the deposition phase, the polyester fiber has excellent thermal insulation performance (the larger the Crowe value, the better the thermal insulation performance) and waterproof performance (the larger the contact angle, the better the waterproof performance); moreover, compared with performing thermal insulation treatment and waterproofing treatment separately, performing thermal insulation treatment followed by waterproofing treatment can have better thermal insulation and waterproofing effects. This is because the hydrophobic film can further adhere and combine more firmly with the nano-silica deposition phase during the formation process (such as polydimethylsiloxane self-crosslinking), and the functional layer has a thicker thickness and a more stable structure, which can synergistically enhance the thermal insulation and waterproofing effects.

[0030] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art may make various modifications, additions, or substitutions to the described specific embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention or exceeding the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions, characterized in that: The steps include: S1) Pretreatment: Plasma treatment of the fiber surface; S2) preparing a deposition phase: vaporizing a precursor at high temperature to form a reaction gas environment, placing the fiber treated in S1 in the reaction gas environment, and exciting the reaction gas using radio frequency plasma to form a deposition phase with a heat-insulating function on the fiber surface; S3) preparing a hydrophobic film: impregnating the fiber treated in S2 with a coating solution, drying the fiber, and then treating the fiber with plasma to form a hydrophobic film on the fiber surface, thereby finally preparing a fiber with heat-insulating and waterproof functions.

2. The method for preparing a fiber having heat-insulating and waterproof functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber in S1 is polyester fiber, cotton fiber, nylon fiber or acrylic fiber.

3. The method for preparing a fiber having heat-insulating and waterproof functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plasma treatment conditions in S1 are: plasma voltage 100-200 V, plasma current 0.7-1.5 A, and plasma speed 20-40 mm / s.

4. The method for preparing a fiber having heat-insulating and waterproof functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The precursor in S2 is one or more of tetraethoxysilane, aminopropylsilane, methoxysilane and ethoxysilane.

5. The method for preparing a fiber having heat-insulating and waterproof functions according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The deposition phase of S2 is a nano-silicon dioxide deposition phase.

6. The method for preparing a fiber having heat-insulating and waterproof functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gasification temperature in S2 is 170-200℃.

7. The method for preparing a fiber having heat-insulating and waterproof functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The RF plasma treatment conditions in S2 are: voltage 150-200 V, current 1-1.5 A, and time 2-5 min.

8. The method for preparing a fiber having heat-insulating and waterproof functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coating solution in S3 is a polydimethylsiloxane solution, a polymethylhydrogensiloxane solution, a polyethylsiloxane solution or a polyepoxysiloxane solution.

9. The method for preparing a fiber having heat-insulating and waterproof functions according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: The concentration of the coating solution in S3 is 5-10%.

10. The method for preparing a fiber having heat-insulating and waterproof functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plasma treatment conditions in S3 are: plasma voltage 150-200 V, plasma current 0.5-1 A, and plasma speed 5-20 mm / s.

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