Yield supporting structure and method for large-deformation surrounding rock

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering excavation supporting, and discloses a yielding supporting structure and method for large-deformation surrounding rock, a yielding anchor rod comprises an anchor rod sleeve and a movable rod, one end of the anchor rod sleeve is connected to one end of the movable rod in a sleeving mode and is in threaded fit with the movable rod, and the other end of the movable rod is used for extending into the surrounding rock; the other end of the anchor rod sleeve is an exposed end; the yielding plate is composed of a plurality of sets of convex plates with convex anchor discs, the convex plates are used for being tightly attached to the inner side of the surrounding rock, and the convex anchor discs of the convex plates are used for being connected to the exposed end of the anchor rod sleeve in a sleeving mode and locking the exposed end through locking pieces; the deep underground engineering large-deformation surrounding rock multi-stage yielding anchor rod achieves deep underground engineering large-deformation surrounding rock control multi-stage yielding, compared with a traditional yielding anchor rod, the deep underground engineering large-deformation surrounding rock multi-stage yielding anchor rod is simpler in structure, longer in yielding stroke and larger in yielding resistance, the whole yielding structure achieves a synergistic effect, and the whole deep surrounding rock structure is effectively kept stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering excavation support, in particular to a yield support structure and a support method for large-deformation surrounding rock. Background Art

[0002] In various underground projects, such as excavated roadways, tunnels, and chambers, conventional full-length bonded or end-anchored threaded steel anchor bolts rely on the rod's inherent ductility to absorb surrounding rock deformation. Their ultimate elongation typically does not exceed 3% to 5%. When surrounding rock displacement exceeds this range, the rod rapidly enters the necking-and-fracture phase, causing the support system to instantly fail. Therefore, traditional anchor bolts lack the ability to control large deformations.

[0003] In recent years, researchers have developed new yielding anchors to address this phenomenon and adapt to the displacement control of large-deformation surrounding rocks. However, in deep underground projects, large deformation of surrounding rocks presents larger deformation, faster speed, and rheological characteristics. Compared with large deformation of deep surrounding rocks, it has the characteristics of large deformation magnitude, high deformation rate, and long duration of surrounding rock creep. The currently developed yielding anchors still have many shortcomings, mainly the problems of insufficient yield and low support resistance. In addition, there is also the problem of lack of integrity. A single yielding anchor can only achieve local point support and cannot form a "surface-body" structure with the surrounding rock for coordinated load-bearing, which ultimately leads to overall instability.

[0004] In summary, the existing yield anchors are difficult to match the complex mechanical behavior of deep surrounding rock, which is characterized by large deformation, high rheology and strong dynamics, in terms of yield stroke, resistance maintenance, overall coordination and long-term durability, becoming a key technical bottleneck restricting the safe and efficient mining of deep resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a compression support structure and support method for large deformation surrounding rock, which has better large deformation applicability and overall stability, and meets the large deformation surrounding rock support needs of deep underground engineering.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, a yield support structure for large-deformation surrounding rock comprises: The yield anchor includes an anchor sleeve and a movable rod. One end of the anchor sleeve is sleeved on one end of the movable rod and matched with the thread of the movable rod. The other end of the movable rod is used to extend into the surrounding rock. The other end of the anchor sleeve is exposed. The pressure plate is composed of multiple groups of convex plates with convex anchor plates. The convex plates are used to fit closely to the inner side of the surrounding rock. The convex anchor plates of the convex plates are used to be sleeved on the exposed end of the anchor sleeve and locked with a locking piece.

[0007] As a further implementation method, a cavity penetrating the anchor rod casing is provided in the anchor rod casing, and the inner diameter of the cavity gradually decreases along the direction in which the movable rod extends toward the interior of the surrounding rock.

[0008] As a further implementation, the movable rod is a threaded steel rod with a diameter gradually changing from large to small and matching the cavity of the anchor rod sleeve.

[0009] As a further implementation method, the curvature of the convex plate is adapted to the curvature of the inner surface of the surrounding rock. Each group of convex plates is provided with multiple groups of convex anchor plates, which protrude in the direction away from the surrounding rock. An anchor hole is provided in the center of the convex anchor plate for being mounted on the exposed end of the anchor rod casing.

[0010] As a further implementation, the exposed end of the anchor sleeve is provided with a thread on its circumference for cooperating with a locking member, which is an anchor plate nut, and locks the exposed end while pressing the convex anchor plate.

[0011] As a further implementation method, when two groups of convex plates intersect, the convex anchor plates are overlapped to form a double-layer convex anchor plate, which is simultaneously sleeved on the exposed ends of the same group of anchor rod sleeves.

[0012] As a further implementation method, the yield anchor rod is embedded in the surrounding rock in a plum blossom shape and is locked by crisscrossing convex plates.

[0013] As a further implementation method, the intersection positions of the two sets of convex plates are evenly distributed on the inner side of the surrounding rock.

[0014] As a further implementation method, the convex plates are evenly distributed along the longitudinal and transverse directions on the inner side of the surrounding rock.

[0015] In a second aspect, a yielding support method for large-deformation surrounding rock is provided, for forming any of the yielding support structures described above, comprising the following steps: The movable rod and the anchor sleeve cooperate to complete the assembly of the yield anchor. Multiple groups of yield anchors are embedded in the surrounding rock in a plum blossom shape, and the end of the anchor sleeve away from the movable rod is the exposed end. The convex plates are arranged in a crisscross pattern and locked so that the convex anchor plates on the convex plates are sleeved on the corresponding exposed ends, and the anchor plate nuts are installed to lock the convex anchor plates and anchor rod sleeves; when two groups of convex plates intersect, the convex anchor plates of the convex plates are overlapped to form a double-layer convex anchor plate, and at the same time are sleeved on the exposed ends of the same group of anchor rod sleeves; multiple groups of convex plates are connected to form an overall yield plate structure, which forms a surrounding rock yield overall support structure with the yield anchor rods.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. One end of the anchor sleeve of the present invention is sleeved on one end of the movable rod, and the convex anchor plate of the convex plate is sleeved on the exposed end of the anchor sleeve and locked by a locking piece, thereby realizing multi-stage pressure relief control of large deformation surrounding rock in deep underground engineering. Compared with the traditional pressure relief anchor structure, it is simpler, has a longer pressure relief stroke, and a greater pressure relief resistance. The overall synergistic effect of the pressure relief structure effectively maintains the overall structural stability of the deep surrounding rock.

[0017] 2. The inner diameter of the cavity of the anchor sleeve of the present invention gradually decreases along the direction in which the movable rod extends into the surrounding rock. The movable rod is a threaded steel rod with a diameter gradually changing from large to small that matches the cavity of the anchor sleeve. This improves the friction resistance between the movable rod and the anchor sleeve during large deformation of the surrounding rock. When the sliding friction resistance is greater than the deformation force of the convex plate, the convex anchor plate can continue to yield.

[0018] 3. The present invention locks the yield anchor rods through crisscrossing convex plates, making the yield structure more integrated. It not only has the characteristics of traditional yield anchor rods, but also makes the large deformation surrounding rock have better overall stability; the convex anchor plates at the yield plate joints are superimposed and locked, and the setting of double-layer convex anchor plates can further enhance the yield capacity of the support structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a yield support structure for large deformation surrounding rock in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 2. It is a schematic side cross-sectional diagram of the surrounding rock yield support in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 2 is a schematic diagram of locking the yield plate and the yield anchor rod in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the overlapped locking of the pressure plate joint position and the pressure anchor rod in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the pressing plate in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressing plate viewed from above in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 2. It is a schematic diagram of the yield anchor structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the anchor casing structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 2 is a schematic diagram of the movable rod structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: the distances or sizes between parts are exaggerated to show the positions of various parts, and the schematic diagram is for reference only.

[0022] Wherein: 1. Surrounding rock, 101. Anchor casing, 1011. Cavity, 102. Anchor plate nut, 103. Convex anchor plate, 104. Movable rod, 105. Convex plate, 106. Exposed end, 107. Anchor end, 108. Anchor hole, 109. Thread. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0024] Example 1 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to Figures 1-9 As shown, a yield support structure for large deformation surrounding rock includes yield anchors and yield plates. Each group of yield anchors consists of an anchor sleeve 101 and a movable rod 104. The yield plates consist of multiple groups of convex plates 105 with convex anchor discs 103. The multiple groups of convex plates 105 are arranged crisscrossly on the inner side of the surrounding rock 1. The convex plates 105 are fixedly fitted with the anchor sleeves 101 through the convex anchor discs 103 to form an overall yield support structure.

[0025] One end of the anchor sleeve 101 is sleeved on one end of the movable rod 104 and frictionally engaged with the movable rod 104 , and the other end of the movable rod 104 is used to extend into the surrounding rock 1 .

[0026] like Figure 8 As shown, a cavity 1011 is provided in the anchor sleeve 101 which passes through the anchor sleeve, and the cavity 1011 forms openings at both ends of the anchor sleeve 101. The inner diameter of the cavity 1011 gradually decreases along the direction in which the movable rod extends into the surrounding rock. The end of the anchor sleeve 101 close to the movable rod 104 is used to extend into the surrounding rock 1 together with the movable rod 104; the end of the anchor sleeve 101 away from the movable rod 104 is the exposed end 106, which is used to be exposed on the inner side of the surrounding rock 1 and not enter the surrounding rock 1. The inner diameter of the opening exposed on the inner side of the surrounding rock 1 is larger than the inner diameter of the opening at the other end of the anchor sleeve 101.

[0027] The exposed end 106 of the anchor sleeve 101 is provided with a thread around its periphery for cooperating with a locking member, which is an anchor plate nut 102 , and which locks the exposed end 106 while pressing the convex anchor plate 103 .

[0028] like Figure 8As shown, the inner diameter of the cavity 1011 of the anchor sleeve 101 gradually decreases along the direction from the inside to the outside of the surrounding rock (referring to the direction from the inside of the surrounding rock to the inside of the surrounding rock, that is, from the exposed end to the other end), so the end of the anchor sleeve 101 located inside the surrounding rock is the narrow end.

[0029] like Figure 9 As shown, a thread 109 is provided on the peripheral side of the movable rod 104 , and the movable rod 104 is frictionally fitted with the cavity 1011 of the anchor sleeve 101 through the thread 109 .

[0030] Correspondingly, the movable rod 104 is a threaded steel rod with a diameter gradually changing from large to small, which matches the threaded hole 1011 of the anchor sleeve 101. Therefore, the diameter of the thick end of the movable rod 104 is larger than the diameter of the narrow end of the anchor sleeve 101, and the anchor sleeve 101 is matched and sleeved on the outside of the movable rod 104. Figure 7 As shown; wherein the anchor sleeve 101 is also a steel pipe.

[0031] When installing the movable rod 104, insert the thin end of the movable rod 104 from the exposed end opening of the anchor sleeve 101 until the thin end of the movable rod 104 passes through the narrow end of the anchor sleeve 101, and continue to pull the thin end of the movable rod 104 and the exposed end 106 away from each other so that the two can no longer move relative to each other, thereby completing the installation of the movable rod 104.

[0032] like Figure 7 As shown, the end of the movable rod 104 away from the exposed end 106 is a polished rod, which serves as an anchor end 107 and extends into the surrounding rock through the anchor end 107.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the yield anchor rods of this embodiment are embedded in the surrounding rock 1 in a plum blossom shape, so as to achieve uniform arrangement of the yield anchor rods on the surrounding rock.

[0034] Let the pressing plate be composed of multiple groups of crisscross convex plates 105, such as Figure 5 As shown, the convex plate 105 is a steel plate structure. The curvature of the convex plate 105 is adapted to the curvature of the inner surface of the surrounding rock 1, and is used to fit the inner surface of the surrounding rock and cooperate with the exposed end 106 of the pressure anchor. Each set of convex plates 105 is evenly distributed along the length direction of multiple sets of convex anchor plates 103. The convex anchor plates 103 are circular protrusions on the convex plates 105 that extend away from the surrounding rock 1.

[0035] like Figure 6 As shown, an anchor hole 108 is provided at the center of each convex anchor plate 103 , and the convex anchor plate 103 is sleeved on the exposed end 106 of the anchor rod sleeve 101 through the anchor hole 108 .

[0036] When installing the convex plates 105, the convex plates 105 are arranged correspondingly along the longitudinal and transverse directions so that the exposed ends 106 of the pressure anchor rods are all sleeved with the convex anchor discs 103. After the convex anchor discs 103 are sleeved, the anchor disc nuts 102 are tightened on the exposed ends 106, so that the convex anchor discs 103 are compressed by the anchor disc nuts 102 and the pressure anchor rods are locked. Figure 3 shown.

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the yield anchor is embedded in the surrounding rock in a plum blossom shape, and the convex plates 105 are evenly distributed on the inner side of the surrounding rock 1 along the longitudinal and transverse directions. The yield anchor is locked by the crisscrossing convex plates 105, so that the yield structure has better integrity. It not only has the characteristics of traditional yield anchors, but also makes the large deformation surrounding rock have better overall stability.

[0038] When two sets of convex plates intersect, such as when the two sets of convex plates intersect vertically and there is a yield anchor rod at the intersection, it is necessary to ensure that the convex anchor plates of the two sets of convex plates are overlapped to form a double-layer convex anchor plate. The convex anchor plates at the intersection are simultaneously sleeved on the exposed ends of the same set of anchor rod sleeves, and the anchor plate nuts 102 are tightened.

[0039] It is understandable that during on-site construction, the intersection of the two sets of convex plates can be arranged according to actual conditions, so that the two-layer convex anchor plates and the single-layer convex anchor plates are reasonably and evenly arranged on the inner side of the surrounding rock.

[0040] The pressure relief plate of this embodiment can be connected as a whole by stacking and locking the exposed end of the anchor sleeve with a convex anchor plate with an anchor hole 108. The arrangement of the double-layer convex anchor plate effectively improves the pressure relief capacity of the support structure.

[0041] As deformation of the surrounding rock 1 gradually develops, the anchor end 107 of the movable rod 104 pulls the movable rod 104, causing a tensile displacement within the cavity of the anchor sleeve 101. The diameter of the threaded butt end of the movable rod 104 is larger than the diameter of the narrow opening of the anchor sleeve 101. Because the diameters match and gradually change, friction and slippage between the butt end of the movable rod 104 and the narrow opening of the anchor sleeve 101 create yielding resistance. When the sliding frictional resistance exceeds the deformation force of the convex plate 105, the convex anchor plate 103 begins to deform and continue yielding.

[0042] In this embodiment, the anchor sleeve 101 gradually decreases in the direction in which the movable rod extends into the surrounding rock. The movable rod 104 is a threaded steel rod with a diameter gradually changing from large to small that matches the cavity 1011 of the anchor sleeve 101, thereby improving the friction resistance between the movable rod 104 and the anchor sleeve 101 during large deformation of the surrounding rock; and when the sliding friction resistance is greater than the deformation force of the convex plate 105, the convex anchor plate 103 can continue to yield, thereby realizing multi-stage yielding of large deformation surrounding rock in deep underground engineering. Compared with the traditional yielding anchor rod structure, it is simpler, has a longer yielding stroke, and a greater yielding resistance. The overall synergistic effect of the yielding structure effectively maintains the stability of the overall structure of the deep surrounding rock.

[0043] Example 2 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figures 1-9 As shown, a yielding support method for large deformation surrounding rock, used to form the yielding support structure as described in Example 1, includes the following steps: The movable rod 104 is installed in the anchor rod sleeve 101 and frictionally matched with the anchor rod sleeve 101 to complete the assembly of a set of pressure anchor rods.

[0044] Grouting anchor holes are constructed in the surrounding rock, and the movable rod anchor end 107 is inserted into the bottom of the anchor hole in the surrounding rock 1. Grouting is then injected into the hole, and the pressure anchor rod is locked and anchored in conjunction with the grouting. Finally, multiple groups of pressure anchor rods are embedded in the surrounding rock in a plum blossom shape. The end of the anchor rod sleeve 101 away from the movable rod 104 serves as the exposed end 106, which is exposed on the inner side of the surrounding rock 1.

[0045] The convex plates are arranged in a crisscross pattern so that the convex anchor disc 103 on the convex plate 105 is sleeved on the exposed end of the corresponding pressure anchor rod, and the anchor disc nut is tightened on the exposed end 106 to lock the convex anchor disc 103 and the anchor rod sleeve 101, wherein the concave surface of the convex anchor disc 103 is in contact with the surrounding rock 1.

[0046] Based on the specific surrounding rock structure, the locations where two sets of convex plates 105 intersect are determined. When the two sets of convex plates intersect, the convex anchor plates are stacked to form a double-layer convex anchor plate. These plates are then sleeved onto the exposed ends of the same set of anchor rod sleeves, and the anchor plate nuts are then tightened. Multiple sets of convex plates are connected to form an integrated yield plate structure, which, together with the yield anchor rods, forms an integrated support structure for the surrounding rock yield.

[0047] The yield plates are stacked and locked at their joints, and the double-layer convex anchor plates enhance the yield capacity of the support structure. The combined use of yield plates and yield anchors enables multi-stage yield control in large-deformation surrounding rock in deep underground projects, resulting in a longer yield stroke and greater yield resistance.

[0048] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A yield support structure for large deformation surrounding rock, characterized in that: include: The yield anchor includes an anchor sleeve and a movable rod. One end of the anchor sleeve is sleeved on one end of the movable rod and matched with the thread of the movable rod. The other end of the movable rod is used to extend into the surrounding rock. The other end of the anchor sleeve is exposed. The pressure plate is composed of multiple groups of convex plates with convex anchor plates. The convex plates are used to fit closely to the inner side of the surrounding rock. The convex anchor plates of the convex plates are used to be sleeved on the exposed end of the anchor sleeve and locked with a locking piece.

2. A yield support structure for large deformation surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cavity penetrating the anchor rod sleeve is provided in the anchor rod sleeve, and the inner diameter of the cavity gradually decreases along the direction in which the movable rod extends toward the interior of the surrounding rock.

3. The yield support structure for large deformation surrounding rock according to claim 2, characterized in that: The movable rod is a threaded steel rod with a diameter gradually changing from large to small and matching the cavity of the anchor rod sleeve.

4. The yield support structure for large deformation surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curvature of the convex plate is adapted to the curvature of the inner surface of the surrounding rock. Each set of convex plates is provided with multiple sets of convex anchor plates, which protrude away from the surrounding rock. An anchor hole is provided in the center of the convex anchor plate for being sleeved on the exposed end of the anchor rod sleeve.

5. The yield support structure for large deformation surrounding rock according to claim 4, characterized in that: The exposed end of the anchor sleeve is provided with a thread around the side for cooperating with a locking piece, which is an anchor plate nut, locking the exposed end while pressing the convex anchor plate.

6. The yield support structure for large deformation surrounding rock according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the two groups of convex plates intersect, the convex anchor discs of the convex plates are overlapped to form a double-layer convex anchor disc, which is simultaneously sleeved on the exposed ends of the same group of anchor rod sleeves.

7. The yield support structure for large deformation surrounding rock according to claim 6, characterized in that: The yield anchor rods are embedded in the surrounding rock in a plum blossom shape and are locked by crisscrossing convex plates.

8. The yield support structure for large deformation surrounding rock according to claim 6, characterized in that: The intersection points of the two sets of convex plates are evenly distributed on the inner side of the surrounding rock.

9. The yield support structure for large deformation surrounding rock according to claim 7, characterized in that: The convex plates are evenly distributed along the longitudinal and transverse directions on the inner side of the surrounding rock.

10. A yield support method for large deformation surrounding rock, characterized in that: The method for forming the pressure-yielding support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: The movable rod and the anchor sleeve cooperate to complete the assembly of the yield anchor. Multiple groups of yield anchors are embedded in the surrounding rock in a plum blossom shape, and the end of the anchor sleeve away from the movable rod is the exposed end. The convex plates are arranged in a crisscross pattern and locked so that the convex anchor plates on the convex plates are sleeved on the corresponding exposed ends, and the anchor plate nuts are installed to lock the convex anchor plates and anchor rod sleeves; when two groups of convex plates intersect, the convex anchor plates of the convex plates are overlapped to form a double-layer convex anchor plate, and at the same time are sleeved on the exposed ends of the same group of anchor rod sleeves; multiple groups of convex plates are connected to form an overall yield plate structure, which forms a surrounding rock yield overall support structure with the yield anchor rods.

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