Device and method for testing high-temperature mechanical properties of material

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for testing the high-temperature mechanical property of a material and a testing method, solves the problem that the temperature distribution on the surface of a test piece is not uniform due to the fact that the heating range of the test piece cannot be ensured in the prior art, and has the advantages of being capable of heating the test piece in all directions and improving the mechanical property of the test piece. According to the specific scheme, the device for testing the high-temperature mechanical property of the material comprises a laser device, a scanning galvanometer, a controller, a temperature detector, a material testing machine and a computer, the laser device is connected with the scanning galvanometer, the scanning galvanometer is arranged on the front side of a test sample piece, and the controller is connected with the temperature detector. Laser emitted by the laser is conducted to the scanning galvanometer and is emitted to the surface of a test sample through the scanning galvanometer to heat the test sample, the temperature detector is arranged on the back side of the test sample to obtain temperature distribution of the surface of the test sample, and the scanning galvanometer is fixed to the supporting mechanism and drives the scanning galvanometer to move. And the scanning galvanometer and the supporting mechanism are respectively connected with the controller.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of material performance testing, and in particular to a device and a testing method for testing the high-temperature mechanical properties of materials. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Testing the mechanical properties of materials in high-temperature environments is a crucial research area in engineering materials science, particularly in high-temperature applications such as aerospace, energy generation, and chemical equipment. The necessity of this testing stems from the unique mechanical behavior and potential failure mechanisms exhibited by materials in high-temperature environments, which differ significantly from those at ambient temperatures.

[0004] Under high temperature conditions, the mechanical behavior of materials will undergo fundamental changes, mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1. Strength decreases with increasing temperature: As the temperature rises, the atomic vibration of the material intensifies, and the internal lattice structure gradually loses stability, which weakens the material's ability to resist deformation. For example, the tensile strength of GH3044 high-temperature alloy can reach 1200MP at room temperature, but drops to around 850MP at 800°C.

[0005] 2. Creep effect: Materials undergo slow, irreversible deformation under sustained load at high temperatures. Even if the stress is below the yield strength at that temperature, continuous plastic deformation will occur during long-term use. For example, although 20 steel has a short-term tensile strength of 330 MPa at 450°C, it will break if subjected to a stress of 230 MPa for approximately 300 hours.

[0006] 3. Accelerated oxidation and corrosion: High temperature will accelerate the oxidation reaction on the surface of the material and generate an oxide layer, which not only affects the surface quality of the material, but may also cause stress concentration and crack initiation.

[0007] 4. Microstructure evolution: High temperatures can cause diffusion, recovery, and recrystallization in metal materials, leading to microstructural changes. For example, single-crystal superalloys used in turbine blades can exhibit structural degradation behaviors such as γ' phase coarsening and TCP phase precipitation after long-term service.

[0008] Therefore, it is very important to test the performance of materials at high temperatures. The current difficulty is how to test the performance of material samples at high temperatures. In the existing technology, a fiber laser is used to perform single-point heating on the middle of the test piece, and the temperature detection equipment measures the ambient temperature and the full-field temperature of the test piece in real time, and the temperature detection equipment measures the local point temperature of the test piece in real time; the non-contact full-field measurement system detects and measures the deformation and destruction process of the test piece, and cannot perform real-time large-area heating and precise local heating of the test piece, resulting in uneven temperature distribution of the test piece, which affects the test results of mechanical properties; and if the temperature is unevenly distributed, only the power of the laser can be adjusted, and the heating point of the test piece cannot be adjusted to ensure the uniformity of temperature distribution, and the flexibility is low. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for testing the high-temperature mechanical properties of materials, which can heat the test sample in all directions and ensure that the temperature of the test sample surface is uniform.

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A device for testing the high-temperature mechanical properties of materials includes a laser, a scanning galvanometer, a controller, a temperature detector, a material testing machine and a computer. The laser is connected to the scanning galvanometer, which is placed on the front side of a test sample. Laser light emitted by the laser is transmitted to the scanning galvanometer and then emitted to the surface of the test sample by the scanning galvanometer to heat the test sample. The temperature detector is placed on the back side of the test sample to obtain the temperature distribution on the surface of the test sample. The scanning galvanometer is fixed to a supporting mechanism and drives the scanning galvanometer to move. The laser, scanning galvanometer and supporting mechanism are respectively connected to the controller, the temperature detector is connected to the computer, and the computer is connected to the controller. When the temperature detector detects that the temperature distribution of the test sample deviates from a set value, the computer sends a signal to the controller, and the controller adjusts the power of the laser and controls the scanning position of the scanning galvanometer.

[0011] As described above, the device for testing the high-temperature mechanical properties of materials, wherein the laser is a multimode continuous fiber laser with a power of 1000~5000W, equipped with a 200~600um core diameter optical fiber, and the output light spot is a flat-top light spot with uniform energy distribution and a light spot diameter of 10~30mm.

[0012] In the device for testing the mechanical properties of materials at high temperatures as described above, the applicable wavelength of the scanning galvanometer is 1064 nm, the maximum entrance pupil diameter is 30 mm, and the maximum scanning speed is 6000 mm / s.

[0013] In the device for testing the mechanical properties of materials at high temperatures as described above, the computer has host computer software, which analyzes the temperature measurement data and sends control signals to the controller.

[0014] In the device for testing the high-temperature mechanical properties of materials as described above, the temperature detector is an infrared thermal imager with a temperature measurement range of 500°C to 2500°C, a temperature measurement accuracy of ±1%, and a detection frame rate of 125Hz.

[0015] In the device for testing the mechanical properties of materials at high temperatures as described above, the material testing machine is an electronic universal testing machine.

[0016] In the device for testing the mechanical properties of materials at high temperatures as described above, the support mechanism is a two-dimensional electric translation stage, and the scanning galvanometer is fixed on the two-dimensional electric translation stage, driving the scanning galvanometer to translate in the X and Y directions.

[0017] In the device for testing the mechanical properties of materials at high temperatures as described above, the temperature detector is an infrared thermal imager, and the temperature detector is supported by a tripod bracket, which is fixed to the ground or a workbench.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for testing the mechanical properties of materials at high temperatures, using the device for testing the mechanical properties of materials at high temperatures, comprising the following contents: The laser emits a laser beam at a set power, which is transmitted to the scanning galvanometer through the optical fiber and then irradiated onto the surface of the test sample. The scanning galvanometer controls the irradiation position of the laser beam. Before the test, the support mechanism drives the scanning galvanometer to move to the middle position of the test sample to ensure that the laser beam irradiation position fully covers the test sample. The temperature detector measures the overall temperature distribution of the test sample in real time. When it detects that the temperature deviates from the set value, the computer sends a signal to the controller, which adjusts the power of the laser and controls the scanning position of the scanning galvanometer to ensure that the temperature distribution of the test sample is uniform. After the temperature of the test sample is evenly distributed, the mechanical properties of the test sample are measured and analyzed using a material testing machine.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) In the present invention, a laser emits a light beam, which is transmitted through an optical fiber to a scanning galvanometer and then emitted to the surface of the test sample to heat the test sample. The scanning galvanometer can quickly scan within a certain width range and change the irradiation position of the laser beam, thereby achieving all-round heating of the test sample surface, rather than heating just one point.

[0020] 2) In the present invention, a temperature detector is placed on the back side of the test sample to obtain the temperature distribution on the test sample surface and send it to the host computer software in the computer. When the temperature detector detects that the temperature distribution of the test sample deviates from the set value, the host computer software sends a signal to the controller, which can adjust the power of the laser and control the scanning position of the scanning galvanometer to ensure that the temperature on the surface of the test sample is uniform.

[0021] 3) The supporting mechanism in the present invention is a two-dimensional electric translation stage, on which the scanning galvanometer is fixed, driving the scanning galvanometer to translate in the X and Y directions. Before performing the mechanical properties test, the two-dimensional electric translation stage can move the scanning galvanometer to the center of the test sample to ensure that the laser beam irradiation range completely covers the test sample. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a device for testing mechanical properties of materials at high temperatures according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional electric translation stage of a device for testing high-temperature mechanical properties of materials according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of a method for testing high-temperature mechanical properties of materials according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure: the distances or sizes between parts are exaggerated to show the positions of various parts, and the schematic diagram is for reference only.

[0027] Among them: 1. Laser, 2. Scanning galvanometer, 3. Test sample, 4. Controller, 5. Computer, 6. Temperature detector, 7. Material testing machine, 8. X-axis sliding guide, 9. Y-axis sliding guide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless otherwise clearly indicated in the present invention, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "include" and / or "comprising" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or their combinations; As introduced in the background technology, the existing technology cannot guarantee the heating range of the test piece, resulting in uneven temperature distribution on the surface of the test piece and an unsolvable problem. In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a device for high-temperature mechanical properties testing of materials.

[0030] Example 1 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 1 As shown, a device for testing the high-temperature mechanical properties of materials includes a laser 1, a scanning galvanometer 2, a controller 4, a computer 5, a temperature detector 6 and a material testing machine 7. The laser 1 is connected to the scanning galvanometer 2. The laser emitted by the laser 1 is transmitted to the scanning galvanometer 2 through an optical fiber, and is emitted to the surface of the test sample 3 by the scanning galvanometer 2 to heat the test sample 3. The scanning galvanometer 2 can control the irradiation position of the laser beam. The temperature detector 6 is placed on the back side of the test sample 3 to obtain the temperature distribution on the surface of the test sample. The laser 1, the scanning galvanometer 2 and the computer 5 are respectively connected to the controller 4, and the temperature detector 6 is connected to the computer 5. When the temperature detector 6 detects that the temperature distribution of the test sample 3 deviates from the set value, the upper computer software sends a signal to the controller 4, and the controller 4 adjusts the power of the laser 1 and controls the scanning position of the scanning galvanometer 2.

[0031] In the above-mentioned test device, the laser 1 emits a light beam, which is transmitted through the optical fiber to the scanning galvanometer 2 and irradiated onto the surface of the test sample to heat the test sample 3. The scanning galvanometer 2 can control the irradiation position of the laser beam, thereby achieving heating of all positions on the surface of the test sample 3, rather than just heating of one point; the temperature detector 6 can be placed on the back side of the test sample 3 to obtain the temperature distribution on the surface of the test sample and send it to the computer 5. The upper computer software sends a signal to the controller according to the temperature change, adjusts the power of the laser 1 and the scanning position of the scanning galvanometer 2, thereby ensuring that the temperature on the surface of the test sample 3 is uniform, so as to ensure the accuracy of the test results of the mechanical properties.

[0032] Among them, the temperature detector 6 is an infrared thermal imager capable of ultra-high temperature detection. The temperature detector is supported by an existing height-adjustable tripod bracket. The tripod bracket is fixed to the ground, which can conveniently adjust the height and position of the temperature detector to ensure that the temperature detector obtains the temperature information of the test sample.

[0033] refer to Figure 2As shown, the two-dimensional electric translation stage includes an X-direction sliding guide rail 8 and a Y-direction sliding guide rail 9, the scanning galvanometer 2 is fixed on the Y-direction sliding guide rail 9, and the two-dimensional electric translation stage is connected to the controller 4. Before the mechanical properties test, the two-dimensional electric translation stage drives the scanning galvanometer 2 to move in the X and Y directions to ensure that the scanning galvanometer 2 is in the middle position of the test sample 3.

[0034] Among them, laser 1 is a multi-mode continuous fiber laser with a power of 1000~5000W, equipped with a 200~600um core diameter optical fiber, and the output light spot is a flat-top light spot with uniform energy distribution and a light spot diameter of 10~30mm; In this embodiment, the scanning galvanometer 2 is suitable for a wavelength of 1064 nm, a maximum entrance pupil diameter of 30 mm, and a maximum scanning speed of 6000 mm / s; The infrared thermal imager has a temperature measurement range of 500°C to 2500°C, a temperature measurement accuracy of ±1%, and a detection frame rate of 125Hz. In addition, the material testing machine is an existing electronic universal testing machine, which is equipped with a tensile system, a compression system and an auxiliary fixture, and the test sample is clamped by the auxiliary fixture.

[0035] It should be noted that the controller 4 is a PLC controller or other types of controllers. The controller 4 and the temperature detector 6 are respectively connected to the computer 5. The computer 5 is also the host computer. The computer has the existing host computer software. The temperature detector 6 sends the acquired data to the computer. The computer analyzes the temperature measurement data through the host computer software. The host computer software can draw a temperature curve and determine whether the temperature of the test sample is uniform. When the host computer software obtains that the temperature of the test sample is uniform, the computer sends a control signal to the controller. In addition, the temperature detected by the infrared thermal imager can be obtained through the computer 5 and displayed on the display screen of the computer 5.

[0036] The test device provided in this embodiment has a reasonable overall structure. The temperature detector 6 is placed on the back side of the test sample, and the scanning galvanometer 2 is placed on the front side of the test sample 3. The space is reasonably arranged to avoid interference between the two during movement.

[0037] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for testing the mechanical properties of materials at high temperatures, using the device for testing the mechanical properties of materials at high temperatures described in Example 1, with reference to Figure 3 As shown, including the following: Laser 1 emits laser light at a set power, which is transmitted to scanning mirror 2 through an optical fiber and irradiated onto the surface of the test sample. Scanning mirror 2 can control the deflection of the laser beam and quickly irradiate the laser beam at different positions of the test sample 3 according to the set trajectory. The temperature detector 6 measures the overall temperature distribution of the test sample 3 in real time and feeds it back to the controller. When it detects that the temperature of the test sample deviates from the set value, the host computer software sends a signal to the controller 4 through the computer, and the controller 4 then adjusts the output power of the laser 1 and the scanning position of the scanning galvanometer 2 to ensure a uniform temperature distribution of the test sample. After the temperature of the test sample is evenly distributed (whether the temperature of the test sample is evenly distributed can be determined by acquiring and analyzing the temperature measurement data through the host computer software), the material testing machine 7 performs mechanical property measurement and analysis on the test sample 3.

[0038] Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that: The support mechanism also includes a first swinging component, which is connected to the scanning galvanometer 2 to drive the scanning galvanometer 2 to swing within a set angle range in the horizontal plane. The first swinging component is connected to the controller 4; the first swinging component is specifically a first swinging motor, and the output end of the first swinging motor is connected to the scanning galvanometer 2.

[0039] The supporting mechanism also includes a second swinging component, which is supported by a second multi-dimensional motion mechanism. The distance between the scanning galvanometer 2 and the test sample 3 can be adjusted through the second multi-dimensional motion mechanism to meet the testing of test samples of different materials. The second swinging component is connected to the controller 4. The second swinging component is a second swinging motor. The output end of the second swinging component supports the first swinging component to drive the scanning galvanometer 2 to swing within a set angle range in the vertical plane. Because the first swinging component is connected to the scanning galvanometer 2, the motion range of the scanning galvanometer 2 can be further expanded to ensure that the laser heats the test sample in all directions, even if the test sample is an irregular test sample.

[0040] Of course, in some examples, the support mechanism may only include a second swinging component or a first swinging component, and the output end of the first swinging component or the second swinging component is connected to the scanning galvanometer 2 to drive the scanning galvanometer to swing within a set range in the vertical plane.

[0041] It is easy to understand that the first multi-dimensional motion mechanism and the second multi-dimensional motion mechanism are respectively existing three-dimensional motion mechanisms, which can drive corresponding components to realize movement in the X, Y and Z directions. The three-dimensional motion mechanism includes a second bracket, and the two sides of the second bracket respectively support the lifting components. The lifting components can be lifting cylinders. The lifting components are connected to the X-direction sliding guide rail, the first slider of the X-direction sliding guide rail is connected to the Y-direction sliding guide rail, the Y-direction sliding guide rail is connected to the second slider, and the second slider is connected to the corresponding components.

[0042] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for testing the mechanical properties of materials at high temperatures, characterized in that: The system includes a laser, a scanning galvanometer, a controller, a temperature detector, a material testing machine and a computer. The laser is connected to the scanning galvanometer, which is placed on the front side of the test sample. The laser emitted by the laser is transmitted to the scanning galvanometer and then emitted to the surface of the test sample through the scanning galvanometer to heat the test sample. The temperature detector is placed on the back side of the test sample to obtain the temperature distribution on the surface of the test sample. The scanning galvanometer is fixed to the supporting mechanism and drives the scanning galvanometer to move. The laser, scanning galvanometer and supporting mechanism are respectively connected to the controller, the temperature detector is connected to the computer, and the computer is connected to the controller. When the temperature detector detects that the temperature distribution of the test sample deviates from the set value, the computer sends a signal to the controller, and the controller adjusts the power of the laser and controls the scanning position of the scanning galvanometer.

2. The device for testing high-temperature mechanical properties of materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser is a multimode continuous fiber laser with a power of 1000~5000w, equipped with a 200~600um core diameter optical fiber, and the output light spot is a flat-top light spot with uniform energy distribution and a light spot diameter of 10~30mm.

3. The device for testing high-temperature mechanical properties of materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The applicable wavelength of the scanning galvanometer is 1064 nm, the maximum entrance pupil diameter is 30 mm, and the maximum scanning speed is 6000 mm / s.

4. The device for testing high-temperature mechanical properties of materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The computer has a host computer software, which analyzes the temperature measurement data and sends a control signal to the controller.

5. The device for testing high-temperature mechanical properties of materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature detector is an infrared thermal imager with a temperature measurement range of 500°C to 2500°C, a temperature measurement accuracy of ±1%, and a detection frame rate of 125Hz.

6. The device for testing high-temperature mechanical properties of materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material testing machine is an electronic universal testing machine.

7. The device for testing high-temperature mechanical properties of materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support mechanism is a two-dimensional electric translation stage, and the scanning galvanometer is fixed on the two-dimensional electric translation stage, driving the scanning galvanometer to translate in the X direction and the Y direction.

8. The device for testing high-temperature mechanical properties of materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature detector is an infrared thermal imager, which is supported by a tripod bracket fixed to the ground or a workbench.

9. A method for testing the mechanical properties of materials at high temperatures, characterized in that: A device for testing high-temperature mechanical properties of materials according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following contents: The laser emits a laser beam at a set power, which is transmitted to the scanning galvanometer through the optical fiber and then irradiated onto the surface of the test sample. The scanning galvanometer controls the irradiation position of the laser beam. Before the test, the support mechanism drives the scanning galvanometer to move to the middle position of the test sample to ensure that the laser beam irradiation position fully covers the test sample. The temperature detector measures the overall temperature distribution of the test sample in real time. When it detects that the temperature deviates from the set value, the computer sends a signal to the controller, which adjusts the power of the laser and controls the scanning position of the scanning galvanometer to ensure that the temperature distribution of the test sample is uniform. After the temperature of the test sample is evenly distributed, the mechanical properties of the test sample are measured and analyzed using a material testing machine.

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