Hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent displacement accounting method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of environment and energy, and discloses a hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent displacement accounting method and system. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, determining an accounting boundary and a reference scene; step 2, data acquisition and preprocessing; 3, hydrogen convergence quantitative calculation; 4, related carbon emission accounting is carried out; 5, hydrocarbon equivalent displacement calculation is carried out; and step 6, net influence evaluation. The invention further discloses a hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent displacement accounting system, the system comprises a data input module, a calculation engine module and a result output module, and the calculation engine module comprises a hydrogen sink calculation module, a carbon emission calculation module and a hydrocarbon equivalent calculation module; the hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent displacement accounting system further comprises a database system. By developing a comprehensive accounting framework and system, the purpose of measuring the equivalent carbon emission reduction contribution achieved by specific hydrogen energy application relative to a reference scene is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of environment and energy, and specifically relates to a hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting method and system. Background Art

[0002] As the global need to address climate change and energy transition becomes increasingly urgent, hydrogen energy, particularly green hydrogen produced from renewable energy, is considered a key technological path to achieving deep decarbonization. When hydrogen is burned or converted into energy through fuel cells, its primary direct product is water, with no carbon dioxide produced. Therefore, hydrogen has significant emission reduction potential at the application end.

[0003] Currently, in the field of carbon emissions accounting, relatively mature frameworks and standards exist internationally, such as the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol) and the ISO 14064 series of standards. These standards primarily focus on the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions generated directly or indirectly by various economic activities. In the energy sector, methods exist for accounting for carbon emissions generated by fossil fuel combustion, electricity consumption, and other factors. At the same time, with the development of the hydrogen energy industry, there has also been some research and practice on the life cycle assessment of hydrogen energy projects, aiming to evaluate the environmental impact of the entire value chain of hydrogen, from production, storage, transportation, to application, including energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

[0004] However, existing technologies have the following problems and shortcomings in the comprehensive accounting of hydrogen energy environmental benefits:

[0005] 1. For hydrogen energy, especially green hydrogen, its "positive environmental contribution" in replacing fossil energy applications has not yet formed a standardized method that can be systematically compared and integrated with other environmental indicators. 2. The current evaluation of hydrogen energy projects often discusses or calculates the emission reduction benefits of hydrogen separately from the carbon emissions of hydrogen production, transmission and distribution itself. There is a lack of a method to systematically integrate the "hydrogen sink" effect achieved by specific hydrogen energy applications and the actual carbon emissions generated by its entire chain within the same framework to calculate the net environmental impact. 3. There is a lack of a set of recognized and standardized methods to determine the equivalence relationship between "hydrogen sinks" and carbon emissions, as well as how to replace or offset them. 4. For different hydrogen energy application scenarios, there may be differences in the benchmark energy replaced, the boundary scope of accounting, data acquisition requirements, etc. The existing methods lack sufficient universality and standardized guidance, resulting in poor comparability of accounting results between different projects.

[0006] The existence of these problems makes it difficult to accurately assess the true comprehensive environmental benefits of hydrogen energy projects, and cannot effectively support relevant policy formulation, investment decisions and market mechanism construction. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting method and system. By developing a comprehensive accounting framework, the "hydrogen sink" effect generated by hydrogen energy projects or systems and the actual carbon emissions of relevant links in their entire life cycle can be uniformly accounted for and integrated, thereby measuring the equivalent carbon emission reduction contribution achieved by specific hydrogen energy applications relative to the baseline scenario.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose of measuring the equivalent carbon emission reduction contribution achieved by a specific hydrogen energy application relative to a baseline scenario, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for calculating hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement, the method comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Determine the accounting boundary and baseline scenario;

[0011] Step 2: Data collection and preprocessing;

[0012] Step 3: Quantitative calculation of hydrogen sink;

[0013] Step 4: Calculation of relevant carbon emissions;

[0014] Step 5: Calculation of carbon-hydrogen equivalent replacement;

[0015] Step 6: Net impact assessment.

[0016] Furthermore, the accounting boundaries in step 1 of the method include physical boundaries and time boundaries, and the physical boundaries include the source of hydrogen, production method and location, storage and transportation method, and hydrogen final application equipment or process; the baseline scenario in step 1 of the method needs to determine the energy type, energy efficiency, and emission factor.

[0017] Furthermore, the data requirement list for data collection in step 2 of the method includes: hydrogen-related data, carbon emission accounting-related data, and baseline scenario data;

[0018] The hydrogen-related data includes: hydrogen consumption data, hydrogen production data and hydrogen storage and transportation data; the hydrogen consumption data includes: hydrogen source and quality;

[0019] The hydrogen production data includes: the type and amount of energy consumed, raw material consumption, production efficiency, carbon dioxide capture rate and storage / utilization data;

[0020] The hydrogen storage and transportation data include: transportation distance, transportation method, hydrogen loss rate during storage and transportation, and energy consumption in the storage and transportation process;

[0021] The carbon emission accounting related data include: emission factors corresponding to hydrogen production energy consumption, emission factors for energy consumption in storage and transportation, emission data for upstream raw material mining and transportation, energy consumption and fugitive emission data for the CCS process, and implicit emissions from the manufacture and maintenance of application-end equipment;

[0022] The emission factors corresponding to the production energy consumption include: the emission factor of electricity used for water electrolysis and the emission factor of natural gas consumption;

[0023] The emission factors of energy consumption in the storage and transportation stages include the emission factors of fuel for transportation vehicles and the electricity / fuel emission factors for compression / liquefaction processes;

[0024] The baseline scenario data includes: baseline energy consumption, baseline energy emission factor, and baseline scenario energy efficiency or service efficiency.

[0025] Furthermore, the calculation formula for the hydrogen sink quantification calculation in step 3 of the method is:

[0026] H_sink=(E_baseline-E_project_nonH2)×EF_baseline_avg-leakage

[0027] Or a functional unit based approach:

[0028] H_sink=Q_H2×η_H2_usage / η_baseline×EF_baseline_fuel×GWP_CO2e

[0029] Or simplified formulas for specific scenarios:

[0030] H_sink=Q_baseline_fuel_displaced×EF_baseline_fuel×GWP_CO2e-leakage.

[0031] Furthermore, the calculation formula for carbon emissions in step 4 is:

[0032] C_emissions=Σ(Activity_Data_i×EF_i).

[0033] Furthermore, the EF_i is: the emission factor corresponding to each activity;

[0034] For purchased electricity, use the average emission factor of the grid, or a zero emission factor as evidenced by a specific green electricity certificate;

[0035] For hydrogen produced from fossil fuels, this includes fuel combustion emissions and process emissions;

[0036] For blue hydrogen, the amount of CO2 captured and effectively stored / utilized is subtracted, and the energy consumption emissions and CO2 escape of the CCS process itself are added.

[0037] Furthermore, the scope of carbon emission accounting related to step 4, including energy consumption emissions and raw material emissions in the production and distribution process, includes: emissions directly generated within the project boundary, and indirect emissions generated by purchased energy, or defined according to the accounting objectives and boundaries.

[0038] Furthermore, the carbon-hydrogen equivalent replacement calculation method in step five is: 1 unit of hydrogen sink is equivalent to reducing 1 unit of carbon emissions in terms of environmental benefits.

[0039] Furthermore, the net environmental impact calculation formula in the net impact assessment in step 6 is:

[0040] Net_Impact=H_sink-C_emissions;

[0041] The net environmental impact assessment method is:

[0042] If Net_Impact>0, it means that the project as a whole has achieved net carbon emission reduction, and the contribution of hydrogen sink is greater than the project’s own emissions;

[0043] If Net_Impact < 0, it means that although the project uses hydrogen energy, its full-chain emissions exceed its substitution benefits, and it is a net emission source overall;

[0044] If Net_Impact = 0, it means that the project's hydrogen sink contribution just offsets its own emissions.

[0045] A hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting system, wherein the hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting method is implemented by the hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting system. The system is a computer software system, and the system includes: a data input module, a calculation engine module and a result output module. The calculation engine module includes: a hydrogen sink calculation module, a carbon emission calculation module, and a carbon-hydrogen equivalent calculation module; the hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting system also includes: a database system.

[0046] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention provides a method and system for calculating hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] 1. Provide a standardized quantitative method to measure the equivalent carbon emission reduction contribution achieved by specific hydrogen energy applications relative to the baseline scenario.

[0048] 2. Develop a comprehensive accounting framework that can uniformly account for and integrate the "hydrogen sink" effect generated by hydrogen energy projects or systems and the actual carbon emissions of relevant links throughout their life cycle.

[0049] 3. Establish a clear and operational "carbon-hydrogen equivalent replacement" calculation method to clarify the equivalent relationship between the value of "hydrogen sink" and carbon emissions, and provide a basis for the quantitative comparison, internal offset or external trading of hydrogen energy environmental benefits.

[0050] 4. Provide a systematic and modular accounting process and system that is applicable to different types of hydrogen energy application scenarios, improve the accuracy, transparency and comparability of accounting results, and overcome the fragmentation and inconsistency of existing methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 This is the structural diagram of the hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting system;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a step-by-step diagram of the hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement calculation method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] It should be noted that:

[0055] The term "hydrogen sink" as used in this document refers to the equivalent greenhouse gas emissions reductions achieved by replacing high-carbon emitting activities under the baseline scenario with hydrogen energy within a specific accounting boundary and time period. The unit is typically tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e). Hydrogen sinks are calculated based on the carbon emissions that would otherwise have been avoided due to the use of hydrogen. The consistency of the comparison benchmark must be ensured during calculation.

[0056] The baseline scenario described in the present invention refers to a reference scenario that meets the same functional requirements without the introduction of hydrogen energy applications.

[0057] The data requirement list described in the present invention refers to: determining the data items that need to be collected based on the accounting boundaries and the selected modules.

[0058] The hydrogen consumption Q_H2 in the present invention refers to the total amount of hydrogen consumed by the application within the accounting period, in kg or Nm 3 .

[0059] The baseline energy consumption Q_baseline_fuel mentioned in the present invention refers to the amount of fossil fuel or other energy required to be consumed under the baseline scenario to provide equivalent services.

[0060] The emission factor EF_baseline_fuel of the baseline energy mentioned in the present invention refers to: the greenhouse gas emissions generated by the combustion or use of unit baseline energy (kg CO2e / unit fuel).

[0061] A hydrogen-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting method focuses on building a comprehensive assessment system encompassing three modules: hydrogen sink quantification, carbon emissions accounting, and equivalent replacement calculation. This method is implemented through a computer system and involves a data input module, a model calculation module, and a result output module.

[0062] The hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting method comprises the following steps:

[0063] Step 1: Determine the accounting boundary and baseline scenario;

[0064] Step 2: Data collection and preprocessing;

[0065] Step 3: Quantitative calculation of hydrogen sink;

[0066] Step 4: Calculation of relevant carbon emissions;

[0067] Step 5: Calculation of carbon-hydrogen equivalent replacement;

[0068] Step 6: Net impact assessment.

[0069] Preferably, the accounting boundary in step 1 should clearly define the physical and temporal boundaries of the project, activity or system to be accounted for.

[0070] The physical boundary includes the hydrogen source, production method, location, storage and transportation method, and the final application equipment or process of hydrogen. The time boundary is a one-year accounting cycle, and the start and end dates must be clearly defined.

[0071] For scenarios where hydrogen fuel cell vehicles replace internal combustion engines (ICE), the boundary should include hydrogen production (e.g., water electrolysis, natural gas reforming), transportation and distribution (e.g., pipelines, trailers, hydrogen refueling station operations), and vehicle use. For industrial use of hydrogen as a fuel or raw material to replace natural gas, the boundary should include hydrogen supply and industrial application processes.

[0072] The determination of the baseline scenario must follow relevant methodological principles to ensure its rationality and comparability, and key parameters such as energy type, energy efficiency, emission factors, etc. under the baseline scenario must be described in detail.

[0073] Preferably, the data requirement list for data collection in step 2 includes: hydrogen-related data, carbon emission accounting-related data, and baseline scenario data;

[0074] Furthermore, the hydrogen-related data includes: hydrogen consumption data, hydrogen production data and hydrogen storage and transportation data;

[0075] Furthermore, the hydrogen consumption data includes: the source and quality of hydrogen needs to clarify whether the hydrogen is green hydrogen, blue hydrogen, gray hydrogen or other sources. If multiple sources are involved, the proportions and quantities need to be recorded separately.

[0076] The hydrogen production data includes: the type and amount of energy consumed, raw material consumption, production efficiency, carbon dioxide capture rate and storage / utilization data.

[0077] The hydrogen storage and transportation data include: transportation distance, transportation mode such as pipeline, high-pressure gas trailer, liquid hydrogen tanker, etc., hydrogen loss rate during storage and transportation, energy consumption of storage and transportation links such as compressor, liquefaction device, vehicle fuel consumption, etc.;

[0078] The carbon emission accounting related data include: emission factors corresponding to hydrogen production energy consumption, emission factors for energy consumption in storage and transportation, emission data for upstream raw material mining and transportation, energy consumption and fugitive emission data for the CCS process, and implicit emissions related to the manufacture and maintenance of application-end equipment;

[0079] The emission factors corresponding to the production energy consumption include: the emission factor of electricity used for electrolysis of water, the unit is: kgCO2e / kWh, which needs to be distinguished whether it is green electricity, and the emission factor of natural gas consumption, the unit is: kgCO2e / m 3 or kg CO2e / MJ;

[0080] The emission factors of energy consumption in the storage and transportation stages include the emission factors of fuel for transportation vehicles and the electricity / fuel emission factors for compression / liquefaction processes;

[0081] The implicit emissions related to the manufacturing and maintenance of application-end equipment will be included based on needs and accounting scope level;

[0082] Furthermore, the baseline scenario data includes: baseline energy consumption, baseline energy emission factor, and baseline scenario energy efficiency or service efficiency.

[0083] Preferably, the hydrogen sink quantification calculation in step 3 is

[0084] The calculation formula is:

[0085] H_sink=(E_baseline-E_project_nonH2)×EF_baseline_avg-leakage

[0086] Or the more commonly used functional unit-based calculation formula:

[0087] H_sink=Q_H2×η_H2_usage / η_baseline×EF_baseline_fuel×GWP_CO2e

[0088] Simplified or specific scenario formula:

[0089] H_sink=Q_baseline_fuel_displaced×EF_baseline_fuel×GWP_CO2e-leakage

[0090] in:

[0091] H_sink: Hydrogen sink

[0092] E_baseline: The energy consumption or activity level required to provide equivalent services under the baseline scenario.

[0093] E_project_nonH2: The amount of energy consumption or activity level other than hydrogen required to provide equivalent services under the project scenario.

[0094] EF_baseline_avg: Weighted average emission factor under the baseline scenario.

[0095] Q_H2: Amount of hydrogen consumed by the project.

[0096] η_H2_usage: Energy conversion efficiency or service efficiency of hydrogen at the usage end.

[0097] η_baseline: Energy conversion efficiency or service efficiency under the baseline scenario.

[0098] Q_baseline_fuel_displaced: The amount of baseline fuel directly displaced by hydrogen use. This is usually determined through energy balance or service equivalence calculations, i.e., the effective energy / service provided by Q_H2 is equivalent to the energy / service provided by the baseline fuel.

[0099] EF_baseline_fuel: The unit emission factor of the baseline fuel being replaced.

[0100] GWP_CO2e: Global warming potential, used to convert other greenhouse gases into carbon dioxide equivalents.

[0101] Leakage: This refers to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions outside the accounting boundary caused by project activities, if the project leads to increased fossil fuel use elsewhere. This may be zero in many cases or difficult to quantify and needs to be determined based on the specific methodology.

[0102] Preferably, the carbon emission accounting related to step 4

[0103] The calculation formula is:

[0104] C_emissions=Σ(Activity_Data_i×EF_i)

[0105] in:

[0106] C_emissions: Total carbon emissions associated with hydrogen projects within the accounting boundary (tCO2e).

[0107] Activity_Data_i: data of various activities, such as electricity consumed in hydrogen production (kWh), natural gas (m 3 ), fuel consumed by transport vehicles (L), amount of hydrogen or other gases emitted (kg), amount of materials used in equipment manufacturing (kg), etc.;

[0108] EF_i: Emission factor corresponding to each activity (kg CO2e / unit of activity data). Authoritative and applicable (region, technology year) emission factors must be used.

[0109] For purchased electricity, use the grid average emission factor, or a zero emission factor as evidenced by a specific green electricity certificate.

[0110] For hydrogen production from fossil fuels, both fuel combustion emissions and process emissions need to be considered.

[0111] For blue hydrogen, the amount of CO2 captured and effectively stored / utilized needs to be subtracted, but the energy consumption emissions of the CCS process itself and possible CO2 escape must be added.

[0112] Transport emissions are calculated based on transport mode, distance, and fuel type.

[0113] Hydrogen gas emissions do not directly contribute to CO2 emissions, but they may indirectly affect atmospheric chemistry, necessitating attention to methodological updates. The primary focus is on energy consumption emissions during production and distribution, as well as raw material-related emissions.

[0114] Accounting scope:

[0115] Scope 1: Emissions directly generated within the project boundary.

[0116] Scope 2: Indirect emissions from purchased energy.

[0117] Scope 3: Depending on the accounting objectives and boundary definitions, this may include emissions from upstream fuel extraction and transportation, purchased raw materials / products, and downstream transportation and distribution. For hydrogen energy accounting, at least some upstream emissions from hydrogen production raw materials and key equipment manufacturing should be considered, and the specific scope needs to be clearly defined.

[0118] Preferably, the carbon-hydrogen equivalent replacement (CH_exchange) calculation in step five is intended to establish a quantitative relationship between the value of hydrogen sinks and carbon emissions. One unit of "hydrogen sink" (measured in tCO2e) is equivalent to reducing one unit of carbon emissions in terms of environmental benefits, that is, the CO2e value of the hydrogen sink can be directly used to compare or offset the carbon emissions related to the project.

[0119] Preferably, the net impact assessment in step six is ​​used to assess the net environmental contribution of the project.

[0120] Net environmental impact (Net_Impact) calculation:

[0121] Net_Impact=H_sink-C_emissions

[0122] Net_Impact: The net carbon impact of the hydrogen project (tCO2e).

[0123] If Net_Impact>0, it means that the project as a whole has achieved net carbon emission reduction, and the contribution of hydrogen sink is greater than the project's own emissions.

[0124] If Net_Impact<0, it means that although the project uses hydrogen energy, its full-chain emissions (for example, the use of gray hydrogen or high-carbon electricity to produce hydrogen) exceed its substitution benefits, and it is a net emission source overall.

[0125] If Net_Impact = 0, it means that the project's hydrogen sink contribution just offsets its own emissions.

[0126] A hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting system, which is a computer software system used to calculate the hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting method. The accounting system includes: a data input module, a calculation engine module and a result output module. During calculation, data is input into the data input module, and the calculation engine module uses the data input by the data input module to perform calculations, and the calculation results are output through the result output module.

[0127] Furthermore, the calculation engine module includes: a hydrogen sink calculation module, a carbon emission calculation module, and a carbon-hydrogen equivalent calculation module. The hydrogen sink calculation module is used to implement the hydrogen sink quantification calculation in step two of the hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting method; the carbon emission calculation module is used to implement the related carbon emission accounting in step four of the hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting method; the carbon-hydrogen equivalent calculation module is used for the carbon-hydrogen equivalent replacement calculation in step five of the hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting method.

[0128] Furthermore, the hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting system also includes a database system for managing and storing data generated during the hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting process.

[0129] Example

[0130] Scenario: Using green hydrogen to replace natural gas in industrial heating furnaces

[0131] Assume that a factory uses green hydrogen produced by electrolyzing water with renewable energy to replace the natural gas it originally used to provide heat energy for an industrial furnace. The accounting period is one year. Figure 1 The process shown:

[0132] Step 1: Determine the accounting boundary and baseline scenario.

[0133] Calculation boundary: The physical boundary includes: green hydrogen production units, hydrogen storage and pipeline transportation to the heating furnace, and the industrial heating furnace itself. Temporal boundary: one calendar year.

[0134] Baseline scenario: Using natural gas to provide the same effective heat output for the furnace. The thermal efficiency of the baseline natural gas boiler is η_baseline_NG = 85%.

[0135] Step 2: Data collection and preprocessing.

[0136] Hydrogen data:

[0137] The total annual green hydrogen consumption Q_H2 = 100,000 kg.

[0138] Hydrogen source: 100% on-site renewable electricity produced by water electrolysis.

[0139] Electricity consumption for hydrogen production: E_elec = 5,500,000 kWh.

[0140] Water consumption for hydrogen production: Q_water = 1,000,000 kg.

[0141] Energy consumption for hydrogen transportation (pipeline compression, etc.): E_trans = 50,000 kWh.

[0142] Carbon emissions related data:

[0143] Renewable electricity emission factor EF_elec = 0kg CO2e / kWh;

[0144] Hydrogen transport electricity emission factor EF_trans_elec=0kg CO2e / kWh;

[0145] Upstream emission factor for water treatment and supply EF_water = 0.3 kg CO2e / m 3 ;1,000,000kg water≈1000m 3 ;

[0146] The annual amortized emissions from equipment manufacturing are temporarily ignored in this example for simplification or set as C_equip = 10t CO2e / year.

[0147] Baseline scenario data:

[0148] Natural gas lower calorific value LHV_NG=36MJ / Nm 3 ;

[0149] Hydrogen lower heating value LHV_H2=120MJ / kg;

[0150] Hydrogen utilization efficiency in the heating furnace η_H2_usage = 75%;

[0151] Natural gas emission factor EF_NG = 2.1 kg CO2e / Nm 3 ;

[0152] Leakage effect leakage=0

[0153] First, calculate the equivalent heat: Annual hydrogen heat provided by Heat_H2 = Q_H2 × LHV_H2 × η_H2_usage = 100,000 kg × 120 MJ / kg × 0.75 = 9,000,000 MJ;

[0154] The equivalent amount of natural gas required for the baseline scenario is Q_NG_baseline = Heat_H2 / (LHV_NG×η_baseline_NG) = 9,000,000 MJ / (36 MJ / Nm 3 ×0.85)≈294,118Nm 3 ;

[0155] Step 3: Quantitative calculation of hydrogen sink.

[0156] Calculated using the alternative fuel method: H_sink=Q_NG_baseline×EF_NG

[0157] H_sink=294,118Nm 3 ×2.1kg CO2e / Nm 3 ≈617,648kg CO2e≈617.6

[0158] tCO2e;

[0159] Step 4: Calculation of relevant carbon emissions

[0160] Emissions from electricity used for hydrogen production: C_elec = E_elec × EF_elec = 5,500,000 kWh × 0 kg CO2e / kWh = 0 tCO2e;

[0161] Emissions from electricity used for hydrogen transportation: C_trans = E_trans × EF_trans_elec = 50,000 kWh × 0 kg CO2e / kWh = 0 t CO2e;

[0162] Water treatment discharge: C_water=1000m 3 ×0.3kg CO2e / m 3 = 300kg CO2e = 0.3t CO2e;

[0163] Equipment amortization emissions: C_equip = 10t CO2e;

[0164] Total emissions: C_emissions = C_elec + C_trans + C_water + C_equip = 0 + 0 + 0.3 + 10 = 10.3 tCO2e;

[0165] Step 5: Calculation of carbon-hydrogen equivalent replacement

[0166] Net environmental impact Net_Impact = H_sink - C_emissions

[0167] Net_Impact=617.6t CO2e-10.3t CO2e=607.3t CO2e;

[0168] Step 6: Net Impact Assessment

[0169] 607.3t CO2e>0, the project as a whole achieved net carbon emission reduction, and the contribution of hydrogen sink was greater than the project's own emissions.

[0170] Other scenarios:

[0171] Transportation: Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles / trucks / buses replace gasoline / electric vehicles. The baseline scenario could be gasoline vehicles or electric vehicles powered by grid electricity. Hydrogen sink calculations must account for differences in energy consumption per mile. Related carbon emissions must also take into account hydrogen station operating emissions, among other factors.

[0172] Chemical feedstock: Green hydrogen replaces grey hydrogen or coal-based hydrogen for use in synthesizing ammonia, methanol, and other products. The baseline scenario is the existing high-carbon hydrogen production pathway. Hydrogen sinks represent emission reductions from substitution. Related carbon emissions are those from the green hydrogen pathway.

[0173] Energy storage and power generation: Hydrogen is used for long-term energy storage, allowing for grid-connected power generation when needed. The baseline scenario might involve pumped hydro storage, battery storage, or natural gas peaking plants. The calculations are more complex, considering charging and discharging efficiencies and the impact on overall grid emissions.

[0174] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply the existence of any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or device comprising the element.

[0175] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for calculating hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Determine the accounting boundary and baseline scenario; Step 2: Data collection and preprocessing; Step 3: Quantitative calculation of hydrogen sink; Step 4: Calculation of relevant carbon emissions; Step 5: Calculation of carbon-hydrogen equivalent replacement; Step 6: Net impact assessment.

2. The method for calculating hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The accounting boundaries in step 1 of the method include physical boundaries and time boundaries. The physical boundaries include the source of hydrogen, production method and location, storage and transportation methods, and hydrogen final application equipment or process; the baseline scenario in step 1 of the method needs to determine the energy type, energy efficiency, and emission factor.

3. The method for calculating hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data requirements list for data collection in step 2 of the method includes: hydrogen-related data, carbon emission accounting-related data, and baseline scenario data; The hydrogen-related data includes: hydrogen consumption data, hydrogen production data and hydrogen storage and transportation data; the hydrogen consumption data includes: hydrogen source and quality; The hydrogen production data includes: the type and amount of energy consumed, raw material consumption, production efficiency, carbon dioxide capture rate and storage / utilization data; The hydrogen storage and transportation data include: transportation distance, transportation method, hydrogen loss rate during storage and transportation, and energy consumption in the storage and transportation process; The carbon emission accounting related data include: emission factors corresponding to hydrogen production energy consumption, emission factors for energy consumption in storage and transportation, emission data for upstream raw material mining and transportation, energy consumption and fugitive emission data for the CCS process, and implicit emissions from the manufacture and maintenance of application-end equipment; The emission factors corresponding to the production energy consumption include: the emission factor of electricity used for water electrolysis and the emission factor of natural gas consumption; The emission factors of energy consumption in the storage and transportation stages include: emission factors of fuel for transportation vehicles, and electricity / fuel emission factors for compression / liquefaction processes; The baseline scenario data includes: baseline energy consumption, baseline energy emission factor, and baseline scenario energy efficiency or service efficiency.

4. The method for calculating hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation formula for hydrogen sink quantification in step 3 of the method is: H_sink=(E_baseline-E_project_nonH2)×EF_baseline_avg-leakage Or the calculation formula based on the functional unit method is: H_sink=Q_H2×η_H2_usage / η_baseline×EF_baseline_fuel×GWP_CO2e Or the simplified and specific scenario calculation formula is: H_sink=Q_baseline_fuel_displaced×EF_baseline_fuel×GWP_CO2e- leakage.

5. The method for calculating hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation formula for carbon emissions related to step 4 is: C_emissions=Σ(Activity_Data_i×EF_i).

6. The method for calculating hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement according to claim 5, characterized in that: The EF_i is: the emission factor corresponding to each activity; For purchased electricity, use the average emission factor of the grid, or a zero emission factor as evidenced by a specific green electricity certificate; For hydrogen produced from fossil fuels, this includes fuel combustion emissions and process emissions; For blue hydrogen, the amount of CO2 captured and effectively stored / utilized is subtracted, and the energy consumption emissions and CO2 escape of the CCS process itself are added.

7. The method for calculating hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scope of carbon emission accounting related to step 4, energy consumption emissions in production and distribution and raw material emissions, includes: emissions directly generated within the project boundary, and indirect emissions generated by purchased energy, or defined according to the accounting objectives and boundaries.

8. The method for calculating hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation method of the carbon-hydrogen equivalent replacement described in step 5 is: 1 unit of hydrogen sink is equivalent to reducing 1 unit of carbon emissions in terms of environmental benefits.

9. The method for calculating hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the net environmental impact in the net impact assessment in step 6 is: Net_Impact=H_sink-C_emissions; The net environmental impact assessment method is: If Net_Impact>0, it means that the project as a whole has achieved net carbon emission reduction, and the contribution of hydrogen sink is greater than the project’s own emissions; If Net_Impact < 0, it means that although the project uses hydrogen energy, its full-chain emissions exceed its substitution benefits, and it is a net emission source overall; If Net_Impact = 0, it means that the project's hydrogen sink contribution just offsets its own emissions.

10. A hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting system, wherein the hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting method is implemented by the hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting system, characterized in that: The system is a computer software system, which includes: a data input module, a calculation engine module and a result output module. The calculation engine module includes: a hydrogen sink calculation module, a carbon emission calculation module, and a carbon-hydrogen equivalent calculation module; the hydrogen sink-carbon sink equivalent replacement accounting system also includes: a database system.

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